Wise Owl Wellbeing PE with Joe Wicks

Get active and visit this website on a daily basis! https://www.youtube.com/user/thebodycoach1 READING Vocabulary work.

• Find the words in red in the text and try to work out what they mean and check your definition against the one on dictionary.com. • Find the words in green in the text and try to work out what they mean and check your definition against the one on dictionary.com • Find the words in purple in the text and try to work out what they mean and check your definition against the one on dictionary.com • All – try to write a new sentence for every word now you now its definition. Fun Fantastic Fairgrounds!

A day out to visit a fairground is a wonderful experience that has been enjoyed by families for many generations. Some may argue, it is a rite of passage for children. So many aspects make it a unique and unforgettable experience: the music, the games, the fluffiness and sweet taste of the candyfloss and the thrill of the exciting rides can make for an unforgettable day. There are two types of fairgrounds – travelling and fairs which take up a permanent space. Let’s look at the history of these marvellous places. The History of Fairgrounds. Fairs date all the way back to medieval times. Over time, they have evolved and have always been at the forefront of showcasing items from the popular culture of the time, for example exhibiting cars long before they became a common sight in society. The golden age of travelling entertainment did not occur until the latter half of the eighteenth century. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, attractions such as theatrical booths, waxworks, and freak shows began to rise in popularity in the fairground industry. Some of the showmen who exhibited in this period became very rich and left the fairground industry altogether. In 1868, Frederick Savage, who was an English agricultural engineer, devised a method of driving rides by steam. His invention, which was a steam engine mounted in the centre of a ride, transformed fairgrounds in England and around the world. In 1891, he produced the classic style for the English "Gallopers", or as it is now more commonly known, the . Towards the end of the Victorian era, there were many different types of mechanised rides, such as ghost shows, which delighted fairs’ visitors. During this time, 200 fairground events were taking place in the United Kingdom every weekend, from Easter through to November. Fairs were an important feature of the holiday calendar in both urban and rural places all over the UK. In the twentieth century, the clamour for more exciting modern sensations saw the invention of more sophisticated rides and many of the old attractions were superseded by , the and the famous modern classics, the and the dodgems. These new rides transformed the scenery of the fairground, and many have survived and are still a part of the travelling fairs in the twenty-firsts century. Travelling fairs. The tradition of travelling fairs is still living today. Travelling fairs reflect the influence of the popular culture in which it operates. When a rolls into town, its heritage often predates the history of the town. Showmen, or fairground people, see themselves as a cultural group, whose industry keeps them moving around the country permanently. One of the most famous fairground families are the Silcocks, who started a travelling fair in 1918 in order to avoid having to work in the mines. The business has been passed on generation to generation - the Silcock brothers (Lawrence, Edward, Herbert and Arthur) started travelling just before the First World War with a set of swings, a children’s ride and a barrel organ and equipping themselves with a large three-abreast set of Gallopers (Carousel). The family business is still in operation today and has had to evolve as society has changed to include things like fast food kiosks and video game arcades. What’s at the Fairground? Carousel. The inspiration for modern comes from cavalry games and jousting of 12th century Europe and Asia. Horsemen of that time, played games in which a group of horsemen would ride in a circle and throw breakable balls full of perfume to each other. The first platform carousel was made in 19th century and they were called dobbies. It had a platform that rotated with fixed animals and chariots. Helter-Skelter. A helter-skelter is typically a wooden high tower with a slide built around it. Users climb up inside the tower and slide down the outside, on a mat or a sack. Its name was first recorded at Hull Fair in October 1905. The term ‘helter-skelter’ pre-dates the fairground ride and has been used to mean disorderly haste or confusion since at least the 16th century. . A Ferris wheel (sometimes called a big wheel) is a structure consisting of a rotating upright wheel with multiple passenger-carrying components (commonly referred to as passenger cars, capsules or gondolas) attached to the rim in such a way that as the wheel turns gravity keeps them upright. The original Ferris Wheel was designed and constructed by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. as a landmark for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The Coconut Shy. The Coconut shy has been a well-known attraction at fairgrounds for centuries. The word "shy" in this context means to toss or throw. To play this game, participants throw wooden balls at a row of coconuts balanced on posts. Traditionally, a player has three chances and wins each coconut successfully dislodged. In some cases, other prizes may be won instead of the coconuts. Fairgrounds today. In the UK, there are several surviving permanent seaside amusement parks in Blackpool, Margate, Great Yarmouth and Southport. They were founded in the late 19th and early 20th century, but their origins can be traced back in Britain to the annual fairs that took place throughout the country. In the USA, Coney Island in Brooklyn (New York) still exists and is still popular – this is one of the earliest global self-contained amusement parks. It was established in the mid-1890s and provided a direct model for Blackpool Pleasure Beach and other amusement parks. The city of Sydney in Australia has a large fairground site right in the centre of the city in their world-famous Darling harbour, which proves a very popular hit with tourists and locals alike. Luna Park: Right in the Centre of Sydney. Fairgrounds today, both the travelling and permanent types, stay successful by using both history and modernity to market the fair. Fairs still reflect popular culture and are a key part in many national events annually. The showmen have skilfully adapted to stay relevant to culture and to provide a fair for varied audiences. The fair was, and continues to be, an intriguing and magical place, where all types of people can come along and enjoy all forms of live and mechanical entertainment. Long may fairs continue to be part of our society! ENGLISH - Writing Alma – writing the build up to the narrative.

• So far you have written and edited your opening. You also have some ideas for when Alma reaches the mysterious shop. • Today, you will plan and write the build up to the narrative. L.O: To plan a narrative.

Consider this sequence in the story. Create a plan for how you will describe this part of the narrative. How you plan is up to you but aim to include a structure of paragraphs and language features to include. See the next slide for an example: L.O: To plan a narrative.

Paragraph 1:

• Alma notices the chalkboard and glances across the names. • She decides to add hers to the list. • As she writes, a strange feeling washes over her – like she is being watched… MATHS Warm up Activity.

• Set a timer for 5 minutes. If you haven’t got a timer, you can use a clock or watch. • Answer the 5 questions as quick as you can in the five minutes. • If you finish before the timer, note down your time! • Ready? Set! Go! Five in Five. 34.8 x 1000

0.7 x 5

1 1 푥 8 2 3326 x 29

7990 ÷ 34 Five in Five – Answers. 34.8 x 1000 34800

How did you do? 0.7 x 5 3.5 If you got them all correct before 1 1 1 the timer went – 푥 try and beat your 8 2 16 time tomorrow! 3326 x 29 96454 7990 ÷ 34 235 Co-ordinates

• What are co-ordinates? • How do we plot co-ordinates? • How do we write co-ordinates? Secret Agent Co-ordinates. Help the secret agent collect the fingerprints.

? ? ? ? ? ? 6? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5? ? ? ? ? ? ? The first set of fingerprints are at

? ? ? ? ? ? 4? ? ? ? ? ? ? (3,5), (-4,2), (-1,-3) ? ? ? ? ? ? 3? ? ? ? ? ? ? and (2,-1).

? ? ? ? ? ? 2? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? 1? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6? ? ? ? ? ? ? -1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -3 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -4 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? -5 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? -6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Secret Agent Co-ordinates. Secret Agent Co-ordinates. Help the secret agent collect the fingerprints.

? ? ? ? ? ? 6? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5? ? ? ? ? ? ? The second set of fingerprints are at (- ? ? ? ? ? ? 4? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3,-4), (6,5), ? ? ? ? ? ? 3? ? ? ? ? ? ? (-4,-3) and (1,-4). ? ? ? ? ? ? 2? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? 1? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6? ? ? ? ? ? ? -1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -3 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -4 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? -5 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? -6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Secret Agent Co-ordinates. Four Quadrants Co-ordinates.

6

Positions in the second 5 Positions in the first quadrant always have quadrant always have a negative x-axis 4 a positive x-axis coordinate and a second first coordinate and a 3 positive y-axis quadrant quadrant positive y-axis coordinate. coordinate. 2

1

0 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -1 Positions in the third Positions in the fourth quadrant always have -2 quadrant always have a negative x-axis a positive x-axis third fourth coordinate and a -3 coordinate and a quadrant quadrant negative y-axis negative y-axis coordinate. -4 coordinate. -5

-6 Four Quadrant Coordinates. Secret message!

U V 6 A R F 5 Write a secret word or sentence in coordinates for Q N 4 someone in your house to M J solve! 3 I Z 2 E B 1

0 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -1 G P K X -2 S T L -3 C H -4 W Y -5 O D -6 Your Task.

• Plot the given coordinates on the four- quadrant numbered coordinate plane to reveal secret message words. • Plot the given coordinates on the four- quadrant unnumbered coordinate plane to reveal secret message words. • Plot the given coordinates on the four- quadrant unnumbered coordinate plane to reveal secret message words, including decimal coordinates.

Answers. Answers. Answers. Extra Challenge! Extra Challenge! Extra Challenge – Answers. 3. RESPECT Which country is Baghdad in?

Can you locate which country Baghdad is in? Locating the River Tigris.

Use the map to locate the River Tigris. Why the River Tigris was important to Baghdad.

• The Middle East was a natural crossroads for travellers and traders from Europe, Asia and Africa. Baghdad, located at the point where the Tigris flows closest to the Euphrates, was ideally placed for global trade. It swiftly became an important centre for the collection and dispersal of knowledge and ideas from around the known world. The spread of agricultural knowledge and techniques and the introduction of new crops and food stuffs may have, in turn, encouraged population growth. • The Abbasids encouraged the gathering of texts and welcomed scholars from many different cultures to translate these ancient works. In so doing they preserved much knowledge that would otherwise have been lost. They also developed a scientific approach to their work, they were innovative and they questioned earlier beliefs when these were mistaken. This helped to stimulate new learning and advance scientific and other knowledge. • Literacy was highly valued with men and women expected to learn to read Arabic so that they could understand the teachings of the Koran. The spread of literacy and the development of new technologies such as paper making and a simplified script meant that new ideas could reach a wider audience. Baghdad and the River Tigris. The Round City of Baghdad The Round City of Baghdad

• The city of Baghdad was founded in the 8th century as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, by its caliph al-Mansur. The Caliphate had just defeated the Umayyads, and al- Mansur wanted his own capital to rule from. He chose a site about 30 km to the north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon, along the banks of the Tigris, and began to draw up plans for its design and construction. • Mansur wanted Baghdad to be the perfect city, to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. To that end, he brought in thousands of architects, engineers, surveyors, carpenters, blacksmiths and over a hundred thousand labourers from across the Abbasid empire. He consulted astrologers, and according to their advice, laid the first ceremonial brick on 30 July 762. The Round City of Baghdad

• The original city was designed in the shape of a circle 2 km across. The circle was the caliph’s tribute to the geometric teachings of Euclid, whom he had studied and admired. In the centre of the city stood the two finest buildings in the city: the Great Mosque and the caliph’s residence, the Golden Gate Palace. Surrounding the palace and the mosque was an esplanade and a waterside building, in which only the caliph was allowed to ride on horseback. • At the edge of this immense enclosure were palaces of the caliph’s children, homes for the royal staff and servants, the caliph’s kitchens, barracks for the horse guard and other state offices. This central area was protected by an inner wall. The Round City of Baghdad

• The city was divided into four quarters by two perpendicularly intersecting streets that ran from end to end of the outer perimeter wall and terminating at four gates. Each of the four gates pointed towards a different city — Basra, Kufa, Khurasan and Damascus — and named after that. The gates opened onto an arcaded street running all around the exterior inhabited ring. • Unfortunately, nothing of this great city remain today. The last traces of al-Mansur’s Round City were demolished in the early 1870s when Midhat Pasha became the Ottoman governor of Baghdad. Midhat Pasha might have had little interest in preserving history, but the big reforms that he introduced for Baghdad and Iraq in general, transformed the face of the city. He built countless schools and educational institutes, of which there were none in Baghdad, as well as hospitals, granaries, public parks, a water supply system, roads and bridges. He introduced land reforms and tax laws and encouraged nomadic tribes to settle and cultivate. The three years that Midhat Pasha spent as governor were the most important years in Baghdad’s modern history The Round City of Baghdad Task

• Write a short explanation the following questions. • Why was Baghdad built in a circle? • Why was the River Tigris important? • Why were the roads important?