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Conservation of Mammals Threatened with Extinction in Espírito Santo

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Conservation of Mammals Threatened with Extinction in Espírito Santo Mammals Conservation of Mammals Threatened with Extinction in Espírito Santo elected through a call for tender that Vale Sand Research Support Foundations of the State of Espírito Santo put out in 2015, the study on "Conservation and Management of Mammals Threatened with Extinction in Fragmented Landscapes of the Atlantic Forest" uses RNV area for research on ungulates (hoofed mammals), specially the tapir (Tapirus terrestris), the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), and the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari). The study led by professor Sérgio Lucena Mendes from Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo) is carried out in different parts of Espírito Santo, as it includes other two subprojects: one is focused Ricardo Teles on the puma (Puma concolor) population and the other covers the northern muriqui (Brachyteles The biologist Andressa Gatti prepares a photographic trap 18 MAIS hypoxanthus), in three municipalities The species selected are of the mountain region, Santa Teresa, Santa Maria de Jetibá, and characterized as key species Santa Leopoldina. as they have ecological Sérgio Lucena Mendes, a biologist functions that are essential with a master’s and doctorate degree in Ecology, respectively for the ecosystem from the University of Brasilia and the University of Campinas, was the president of the Scientific Board displacement, which is high in the complex, which has a low altitude and director of the Mello Leitão case of the jaguars, medium for (up to 100m), the vegetation fits Museum of Biology, in Espírito the ungulates and low among the the definition of Dense Lowland Santo. Currently, he is director muriquis,” he explains. Ombrophylous Forest, known as of the National Institute of the Tabuleiro Atlantic Forest. The research sites, in turn, were Atlantic Forest (INMA, Instituto defined based on the need The species selected are Nacional da Mata Atlântica) and to understand the effects of characterized as key species professor at UFES and member of landscapes with diverse anthropic because they have ecological the Advisory Board of the Atlantic characteristics for the conservation functions that are essential for Forest Research Institute (IPEMA, of these species, through studies the ecosystem, as regulators of Instituto de Pesquisas da Mata focused on the different types prey populations (in the case of Atlântica). He comments that of habitats, populations, and the pumas and jaguars), and seed the project, financed through evaluation of different conflicts dispersers, in the case of frugivores, the tender, encompasses studies with humans. While Linhares- helping with the maintenance that were already in progress Sooretama block has the most and regeneration of the forests (in and had the opportunity to be extensive continuous forest, with the case of the muriqui and the developed with resources and disturbed and deforested areas ungulates). These species also have, support structure offered by the around it, the mountain region has as an indirect contribution, the Vale-Fapes-Faperj tender, and patches of forest, but the total of capacity to raise awareness among provides research grants for post- these areas is larger than the block. the lay audience, as charismatic graduate students, acquisition of The mountain regions are part of flagship species that attract the photographic traps and laboratory the geomorphological formation attention of the public, equipment, among other things. of the Basement complex, with especially children. “We chose to extend the studies altitudes that vary from 200m to Objectives on these animals based on two 1200m, in the phytogeographical criteria – they are endangered region of the Atlantic Forest; The project, which began in 2017 species and they are deemed Montane and Submontane and will run until 2020, aims to emblematic because they symbolize (Santa Maria de Jetibá), Lowland, contribute to the conservation of the anthropic impact on the fauna. Submontane and Montane (Santa these mammals, developing and These animals act as landscape Teresa), as well as Lowland and spreading models of research and detectives, complementing each Submontane (Santa Leopoldina). In conservation of endangered fauna other in many aspects, including the Vale Natural Reserve-Sooretama in fragmented environments, with MAIS 19 ReservaMammals Natural Vale the use of population management, More playful activities, such habitat management, environmental education and scientific as a play for children under five, popularization strategies. and field experiences in RNV For this, the first step was to obtain with school students from the the classification of the region’s land region have contributed to the use from the digital orthophoto mosaic product IEMA 2012/2015, understanding of the importance which contains aerial images of biodiversity preservation provided by the State Institute for the Environment and Water Resources (IEMA, Instituto Estadual do Meio populations are very inbred (when indispensable subsidies for the study. Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos) of mating occurs between relatives). The biologist Andressa Gatti, with a Espírito Santo. “This allows us to Consanguinity can have negative doctorate and postdoctoral degree estimate the number and size of consequences, such as animals being in Animal Biology at UFES, has been fragments and possible connectivity less capable due to a lack of genetic interested in ungulates since she was between them. One of our proposals variability, making the translocation an undergraduate. Coordinator of is to define the best routes for of individuals necessary to promote the research into this group within the movement of the species, if genetic enrichment. With the the project, she tells us that there it were necessary to create new comparison of animals from different are more than 30 thousand images connections”, says Sérgio Lucena. patches of forest, their genetic recorded on the 48 traps installed in A stochastic model (that incorporates proximity will be evaluated for the the Linhares-Sooretama block, being probabilistic elements) will be used establishment of the relevance of analyzed in the second semester of during the project to compare translocation between groups. 2018. “On some cameras we have animal populations with the almost 1,5 thousand photos. First, Sources for genetic studies in the fragmented area. In this way, the we are evaluating the 2 thousand case of collared peccaries and probability of a species being present images taken between January and white-lipped peccaries are hair in an specific patch of forest will be March 2017, in monitoring spots and fecal samples, respectively. chosen randomly, based on 4km² estimated, based on a simulation These biological materials will allow squares. The system of squares done based on the characteristics of estimation of the population’s genetic guides the location of the sites and the landscape and the populational diversity and degree of inbreeding, keeps 2km between each of them, density of the species. as well as testing the occurrence of to maximize the probability of The laboratory and genetic study, recent population bottlenecks and capturing an image of the species. done by teams from UFES and the evaluating the genetic population A mathematical model supports Federal University of ABC (UFABC, structure of the species in the the project (see table on page 22) Universidade Federal do ABC), will Linhares-Sooretama landscape. and allows for the measurement allow for the realization of important of the ratio between the presence analyses for all of the species. In the Photographic Traps and absence of species and various case of the muriquis, for example, The use of photographic traps, variables, such as vegetation and the it will be possible to discover if the part of the research, produces proximity of highways," she added. 20 MAIS In the mountain region, evaluation is also taking place of whether the structure and configuration of different patches of forest in Mutum Preto Private the Santa Maria de Jetibá region Natural Heritage affect the functional diversity of Reserve (RPPN) Sooretama Biological species of large and medium-sized Reserve (Rebio) mammals. For this purpose, the researchers performed an analysis of hierarchical aggregation of Recanto das Antas RPPN environmental similarity of all of the patches of forest in the municipality. Then, they selected 45 patches of forest with different Vale Natural Reserve environmental characteristics, such as size, shape, interior area, Protected areas connectivity and total border, Patches of forest amongst others. A photographic trap was installed in The orange spots indicate the places where the photographic traps were set up in the Linhares-Soortema region each selected patch of forest for the monitoring of large and medium- the most important characteristics do Jetibá, there were no records of sized mammals. In the time leading for patches of forest to be able pumas, according to Marina Zanin, up to September 2018, 14 species to keep large and medium- coordinator of the activity. However, were recognized, amongst them the sized species of mammal alive, three wild felines were identified: paca (Cuniculus paca), the collared guaranteeing the maintenance of the little spotted cat (Leopardus anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla), the functions of the ecosystem. guttulus), the ocelot (Leopardus the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) pardalis) and the jaguarundi and the brown brocket (Mazama Partial Results (herpailurus
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