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Low Paternity Skew and the Influence of Maternal Kin in an Egalitarian
Low paternity skew and the influence of maternal kin in an egalitarian, patrilocal primate Karen B. Striera,1, Paulo B. Chavesb, Sérgio L. Mendesc, Valéria Fagundesc, and Anthony Di Fioreb,d aDepartment of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706; bDepartment of Anthropology and Center for the Study of Human Origins, New York University, New York, NY 10003; cDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Maruipe, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil; and dDepartment of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 Contributed by Karen B. Strier, October 12, 2011 (sent for review September 11, 2011) Levels of reproductive skew vary in wild primates living in The fecal samples used for paternity analyses included the 22 multimale groups depending on the degree to which high-ranking infants born between 2005 and 2007 that survived to ≥2.08 y of males monopolize access to females. Still, the factors affecting age, their 21 mothers (representing diverse ages and histories) paternity in egalitarian societies remain unexplored. We combine (Table S1), and the 24 adult males that were possible sires of at unique behavioral, life history, and genetic data to evaluate the least one infant (Table S2). We considered a male to be a po- distribution of paternity in the northern muriqui (Brachyteles tential sire for an infant if he was >5 y and was known to have hypoxanthus), a species known for its affiliative, nonhierarchical completed a copulation before the infant’s estimated conception relationships. We genotyped 67 individuals (22 infants born over a date (birth date minus mean 216.4-d gestation) (16). -
Parques Nacionais
National Parks Brazil BrasiParques Nacionails Brasil Parques Nacionais 2 3 4 5 National Parks Brazil BrasiParques Nacionails 6 7 O Brasil em sua imensidão abriga hoje 69 parques nacionais Brazil in its immensity today houses 69 national parks located situados nas cinco macro-regiões, protegendo no Norte áreas de in the five macro-regions, protecting the northern areas of florestas virgens e praticamente intocadas pelo homem, dunas e virgin forests – virtually untouched by man, dunes and rock pinturas rupestres no Nordeste, a exuberância de Mata Atlântica paintings in the Northeast, the exuberance of the Southeast no Sudeste, os Campos Gerais no Sul e uma flora e fauna do Atlantic Forest, Campos Gerais in the South and the exuberant exuberante do Cerrado no Centro-Oeste. Através desta publica- flora and fauna of the Cerrado in the Midwest. Through this ção a Localiza disponibiliza mais uma vez aos seus clientes e publication, Localiza makes available once more to its clients leitores a possibilidade de descoberta de exemplos bem suce- and readers the chance of discovering successful examples didos de manutenção da riqueza natural, legando às próximas of the maintenance of natural wealth, bequeathing to future gerações áreas de rara beleza. Juntas, elas compõem hoje um generations areas of outstanding beauty. Together they rico mosaico de preservação de nossa inigualável biodiversida- compose today a rich mosaic of conservation of our unique de, de nossa história e também nossa cultura. biodiversity, our history and our culture. Apoio Patrocínio Realização 8 9 Em 1876 o engenheiro abolicionista negro André Rebouças, foi precursor ao idealizar que o Brasil In 1876, the abolitionist engineer André Rebouças was a precursor when he idealized that Brazil destinasse parte de seu território para a criação de áreas protegidas com o intuito de salvaguardar would separate part of its territory to create protected areas with the intention to safeguard in a de forma sistemática, legal e organizada, aspectos importantes de nossos ecossistemas regionais. -
Fabiano R. Melo¹ and Luiz G. Dias²
Neotropical Primates 13(Suppl.), December 2005 19 MURIQUI POPULATIONS REPORTED IN THE LITERATURE OVER THE LAST 40 YEARS Fabiano R. Melo¹ and Luiz G. Dias² ¹Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Jataí, BR-364, Km 192, No. 3.800, Parque Industrial, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, Brazil, e-mail: <[email protected]> ²Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring Network – Rio Doce, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brasil, e-mail: <[email protected]> Abstract Aguirre (O mono Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoff roy). Situação Atual da Espécie no Brasil. Acad. Brasil. Ciênc., Rio de Janei- ro, 1971) identifi ed 61 localities for the occurrence of the muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) in the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná. He estimated a total population of 2,791 – 3,226 muriquis, con- trasting with a population of about 400,000 he reckoned would have existed in 1500. Accepting the position that there are two species, Aguirre’s (1971) data suggested a maximum of 996 individuals for the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxan- thus) and about 2,230 for the southern muriqui (B. arachnoides). Current population estimates for the northern muriqui have indicated at least 864 individuals in the wild. Data available for the southern muriqui, suggest a minimum population of about 1,300. Th ese numbers combined approximate to the total population of 2,230 estimated by Aguirre (1971). Further population surveys for muriquis in the states São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia are urgently needed, along with comparative studies on their basic ecology, diet and behavior in the diff erent-sized forest fragments and the more extensive forests. -
Table 7: Species Changing IUCN Red List Status (2018-2019)
IUCN Red List version 2019-3: Table 7 Last Updated: 10 December 2019 Table 7: Species changing IUCN Red List Status (2018-2019) Published listings of a species' status may change for a variety of reasons (genuine improvement or deterioration in status; new information being available that was not known at the time of the previous assessment; taxonomic changes; corrections to mistakes made in previous assessments, etc. To help Red List users interpret the changes between the Red List updates, a summary of species that have changed category between 2018 (IUCN Red List version 2018-2) and 2019 (IUCN Red List version 2019-3) and the reasons for these changes is provided in the table below. IUCN Red List Categories: EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild, CR - Critically Endangered [CR(PE) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), CR(PEW) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild)], EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable, LR/cd - Lower Risk/conservation dependent, NT - Near Threatened (includes LR/nt - Lower Risk/near threatened), DD - Data Deficient, LC - Least Concern (includes LR/lc - Lower Risk, least concern). Reasons for change: G - Genuine status change (genuine improvement or deterioration in the species' status); N - Non-genuine status change (i.e., status changes due to new information, improved knowledge of the criteria, incorrect data used previously, taxonomic revision, etc.); E - Previous listing was an Error. IUCN Red List IUCN Red Reason for Red List Scientific name Common name (2018) List (2019) change version Category -
Genetic Structure in Two Northern Muriqui Populations (Brachyteles Hypoxanthus, Primates, Atelidae) As Inferred from Fecal DNA
Genetics and Molecular Biology, 31, 1, 166-171 (2008) Copyright by the Brazilian Society of Genetics. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Short Communication Genetic structure in two northern muriqui populations (Brachyteles hypoxanthus, Primates, Atelidae) as inferred from fecal DNA Valéria Fagundes1, Marcela F. Paes1, Paulo B. Chaves1, Sérgio L. Mendes1, Carla de B. Possamai2,3, Jean P. Boubli4* and Karen B. Strier5 1Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil. 2RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Caratinga, MG, Brazil. 3Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 4Conservation and Research for Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. 5Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Abstract We assessed the genetic diversity of two northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus Primata, Atelidae) populations, the Feliciano Miguel Abdala population (FMA, n = 108) in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais (19°44’ S, 41°49’ W) and the Santa Maria de Jetibá population (SMJ, n = 18) in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo (20°01’ S, 40°44’ W). Fecal DNA was isolated and PCR-RFLP analysis used to analyze 2160 bp of mitochondrial DNA, made up of an 820 bp segment of the gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2, EC 1.9.3.1), an 880 bp segment of the gene cytochrome b(cytb, EC 1.10.2.2) and 460 bp of the hypervariable segment of the mtDNA control region (HVRI). The cox2 and cytb sequences were monomorphic within and between populations whereas the HVRI revealed three different pop- ulation exclusive haplotypes, one unique to the SMJ population and two, present at similar frequencies, in the FMA population. -
Atlantic Forest Southeast Reserves
WHC Nomination Documentation File Name: 893.pdf UNESCO Region: LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANS __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Atlantic Forest Southeast Reserves DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 4th December 1999 STATE PARTY: BRAZIL CRITERIA: N(ii)(iii)(iv) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Report of the 23rd Session of the World Heritage Committee IUCN informed the Committee that the evaluation of this property has been undertaken based on the revised nomination submitted by the State Party in April 1999. The Atlantic Forest Southeast Reserves contain the best and largest remaining examples of Atlantic forest in the Southeast region of Brazil. The 25 protected areas that make up the site display the biological richness and evolutionary history of the few remaining areas of Atlantic forest of Southeast Brazil. The area is also exceptionally diverse with high numbers of rare and endemic species. With its "mountains to the sea" attitudinal gradient, its estuary, wild rivers, karst and numerous waterfalls, the site also has exceptional scenic values. The Committee decided to inscribe the site under natural criteria (ii), (iii) and (iv). It also recommended that the State Party should be encouraged to restore natural conditions in the Serra do Mar State Park, which potentially could be incorporated in the site. The Delegate of Morocco noted the values of the site but highlighted the challenges of the management of serial sites. The Delegate of Australia noted that management in serial sites is complex but can be done with careful strategic planning and an appropriate legal framework. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS The Atlantic Forest Southeast Reserves in the states of Parana and Sao Paolo, contain some of the best and largest examples of Atlantic forest in Brazil. -
The Behavioural Ecology of the Northern Muriqui
The Behavioural Ecology of the Northern Muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the Reserva Particular Patrimônio Natural- Feliciano Miguel Abdala (RPPN- FMA), Minas Gerais, Brazil. Tommy Charles Burch 2020 School of Science, Engineering and Environment MSc (by Research) Thesis Table of Contents List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... 7 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ 9 List of Appendices ............................................................................................................... 13 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. 15 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 16 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 18 1.1. Objectives, Hypothesis, and Predictions ....................................................................... 20 1.2. Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 21 1.2.1. Taxonomy and Morphology .................................................................................. 21 1.2.2. Geographic Range and Population Size ................................................................ -
Executive Summary of the National Action Plan For
EXECUTIVEEXECUTIVE SUMMARYSUMMARY OFOF THETHE NATIONALNATIONAL ACTIONACTION PLANPLAN FORFOR THETHE CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION OFOF MURIQUISMURIQUIS The mega-diverse country of Brazil is responsible for managing the largest natural patrimony in the world. More than 120,000 species of animals oc- cur throughout the country. Among these species, 627 are registered on the Official List of Brazilian Fauna Threatened with Extinction. The most affected Biome is the Atlantic Forest, within which 50% of the Critically Endangered mammalian species are primates endemic to this biome. Carla de Borba Possamai The Chico Mendes Institute is responsible for the development of strat- egies for the conservation of species of Brazilian fauna, evaluation of the conservation status of Brazilian fauna, publication of endangered species lists and red books and the development, implementation and monitoring of National Action Plans for the conservation of endangered species. Action plans are management tools for conservation of biodiversity and aligning strategies with different institutional stakeholders for the recovery and conservation of endangered species. The Joint Ordinance No. 316 of Septem- ber 9, 2009, was established as the legal framework to implement strategies. It indicates that action plans together with national lists of threatened species and red books, constitute one of the instruments of implementation of the National Biodiversity Policy (Decree 4.339/02). TAXANOMIC CLASSIFICATION Phylum: Chordata - Class: Mammalia - Order: Primates Family: Atelidae Gray, 1825 - Subfamily: Atelinae Gray, 1825 Genus: Brachyteles Spix, 1823 Species: Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy, 1806) Brachyteles hypoxanthus (Kuhl, 1820) POPULAR NAMES Popular names include: Muriqui, Mono Carvoeiro, Mono, Miriqui, Buriqui, Buriquim, Mariquina or Muriquina. In English, they are also known as Woolly Spider Monkeys. -
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY of the National Action Plan for The
EXECUTIVEEXECUTIVE SUMMARYSUMMARY OFOF TTHHEE NNatiatiOONANALL AACTICTIOONN PLPLANAN FOFORR TTHHEE COCOnservatinservatiOONN OFOF CCENTRAENTRALL AATTLLANTICANTIC FFOORESTREST MMAMMAAMMALLSS The Class Mammalia is among the most charismatic vertebrates, including primates as monkeys, tamarins and marmosets, predators as jaguars, giant otters and wolves, and small mammals as rodents, bats and marsupials. Mammals compose one of the better studied animal groups; occur in a great diversity of environments, and present distinct and Bruno Sávio Freire interesting behaviors. It has been estimated the existence of approximately 5,000 mammal’s species in the whole world, mostly rodents (40%) and bats (20%). In Brazil it has been reported the occurrence of 530 mammals’ species, among these 66 are threatened. The drastic antropic changes that Brazilian Atlantic Forrest had experienced in the last 150 years, as consequence of the expansion of urban and rural areas, besides hunting and illegal trade, had caused habitat fragmentation and severe reduction in populations’ sizes, resulting in serious threats to mammalian species, specially the larger ones. Celso Margraf Maned-Three-Toed-Sloth, Bradypus torquatus Of 250 mammalian species registered in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest, 55 are endemic to this biome and 38 are threatened. Also, some species have already disappeared in certain regions and localities. For these reasons, with the legal support of the Ordinance 316/2009 of the Ministry of Environment and ICMBio, it was established a covenant with society defining strategies to recover Black-Faced-Lion-Tamarin, Leontopithecus caissara these species in the form of a national action plan. THE PLAN The National Action Plan (NAP) for the conservation of central Atlantic Forest Mammals has a geographic approach, rather than specific, including the states: Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and part of Minas Gerais, Bahia and Paraná, in a region under high human pressure and of great relevance in Brazil’s socioeconomic scenario. -
ORX 50 2 Conservation News 201..206
Conservation news New northern muriqui group discovered in Brazil’s This year the team aims to expand its field research into Caparaó National Park other areas of the Park, and is planning to develop education and awareness activities that help engage local communities, In the course of survey work to assess the population viabil- tourists and policy makers in muriqui conservation. By har- ’ ity of the northern muriqui in one of this primate s last re- nessing the potential of this charismatic monkey as a flag- maining strongholds, a team supported by the Conservation ship species the team hopes to encourage the local Leadership Programme (CLP) has discovered a new group community to take pride in the Park’s unique biodiversity of this Critically Endangered species. The muriqui, or and play an active role in its protection. woolly spider monkey, is the largest New World primate. — It was recognized as two distinct species the northern mu- MARIANE DA CRUZ KAIZER University of Salford, UK riqui Brachyteles hypoxanthus and its southern counterpart E-mail [email protected] B. arachnoides—in the late s. Endemic to eastern Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, the northern ALBA Z. COLI Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil muriqui is one of the world’s most threatened primates. It was once widely distributed throughout this region but ARYANNE CLYVIA Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas hunting and habitat destruction have taken a heavy toll. Gerais, Brazil The species is now confined to a handful of isolated frag- ments of forest, each harbouring small subpopulations DANIEL S. FERRAZ Minas Gerais State University, Belo with limited and declining genetic diversity (see also Oryx, Horizonte, Brazil , , –). -
NEOTROPICAL Primates VOLUME 9 NUMBER 3 DECEMBER 2001
ISSN 1413-4703 NEOTROPICAL primates VOLUME 9 NUMBER 3 DECEMBER 2001 A Journal and Newsletter of the Neotropical Section of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Editors: Anthony B. Rylands and Ernesto Rodríguez-Luna PSG Chairman: Russell A. Mittermeier PSG Deputy Chairmen: Anthony B. Rylands and William R. Konstant Neotropical Primates A Journal and Newsletter of the Neotropical Section of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Center for Applied Biodiversity Science S Conservation International T 1919 M. St. NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA t ISSN 1413-4703 w Abbreviation: Neotrop. Primates a Editors t Anthony B. Rylands, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington, DC Ernesto RodrÌguez-Luna, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico S Assistant Editor Jennifer Pervola, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington, DC P P Editorial Board Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK B Adelmar F. Coimbra-Filho, Academia Brasileira de CiÍncias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil D Liliana CortÈs-Ortiz, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico < Carolyn M. Crockett, Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA t Stephen F. Ferrari, Universidade Federal do Par·, BelÈm, Brazil Eckhard W. Heymann, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Gˆttingen, Germany U William R. Konstant, Conservation International, Washington, DC V Russell A. Mittermeier, Conservation International, Washington, DC e Marta D. Mudry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Hor·cio Schneider, Universidade Federal do Par·, BelÈm, Brazil Karen B. Strier, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA C Maria EmÌlia Yamamoto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil M Primate Specialist Group a Chairman Russell A. Mittermeier Deputy Chairs Anthony B. -
Of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest a Ndre A
Short Communication Distribution, population size and conservation of the endemic muriquis (Brachyteles spp.) of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest A ndre A. Cunha,Carlos Eduardo V iveiros Grelle and J ean Philippe B oubli Abstract Muriquis are endemic primates of the Brazilian boundary between the two species is unknown, although it Atlantic Forest, with two recognized species: Brachyteles could be in the south-west of Rio de Janeiro, bordering the hypoxanthus and Brachyteles arachnoides. Although the states of Minas Gerais and Sa˜o Paulo, in the region of Itatiaia state of Rio de Janeiro is the type locality for B. arachnoides National Park (Fig. 1a). There is disagreement as to which the muriqui population of this region was, until recently, species occurs in this Park (Garcia, 2005). Differentiation poorly known. We report our surveys for muriquis in seven between the two species is by incomplete facial pigmentation localities in the state. Our objectives were to estimate the and a vestigial thumb in B. hypoxanthus. From an original number of muriquis remaining and to identify local threats. estimated total population of 400,000 distributed through- We recorded muriquis in Parque Nacional da Serra dos out the Atlantic Forest, it is estimated that , 2,200 muriquis O´ rga˜os, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and Guapiaçu Private now live in fragmented populations in forest remnants Reserve. Based on our sightings and information from local (c. 900 B. hypoxanthus and c. 1,300 B. arachnoides;Melo people we estimate that the remaining muriquis in Rio de &Dias,2005). Greater attention has been devoted to B.