Tickenham Garden Centre Clevedon Road Tickenham North Somerset

Archaeological Evaluation

for: Newland Homes

CA Project: CR0493 CA Report: CR0493_1

October 2020

Tickenham Garden Centre Clevedon Road Tickenham North Somerset

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: CR0493 CA Report: CR0493_1

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 28 October Sara-Jayne Steve Internal QA Martin 2020 Boughton Sheldon review Watts

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Exeter Suffolk Building 11 Unit 8, The IO Centre Stanley House Unit 1, Clyst Units Unit 5, Plot 11 Kemble Enterprise Park Fingle Drive Walworth Road Cofton Road Maitland Road Cirencester Stonebridge Andover Marsh Barton Lion Barn Industrial Gloucestershire Milton Keynes Hampshire Exeter Estate GL7 6BQ Buckinghamshire SP10 5LH EX2 8QW Needham Market MK13 0AT Suffolk IP6 8NZ t. 01285 771 022 t. 01264 347 630 t. 01392 573 970 t. 01908 564 660 t. 01449 900 120 e. [email protected]

CONTENTS SUMMARY ...... 3

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 4

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 5

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 6

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 6

5. RESULTS...... 7

Trench 4 (Fig. 5) ...... 8 Trench 5 (Fig. 6) ...... 9

6. THE FINDS ...... 9

6.1 ...... 9 Pottery ...... 9 6.2 ...... 9

7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ...... 9

7.1 Animal Bone ...... 9

8. DISCUSSION ...... 10

Undated ...... 10 Medieval/post-medieval ...... 10

9. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 11

10. REFERENCES ...... 11

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 13

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 14

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ...... 14

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 15

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000)

Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing identified archaeological features (1:1000)

Fig. 3 Trench 1: plan (1:200), section AA (1:20) and photograph

Fig. 4 Trench 3: plan (1:200), section BB (1:20) and photograph

Fig. 5 Trench 4: plan (1:200) and sections CC, DD and EE (1:20)

Fig. 6 Trench 5: plan (1:200), section FF (1:20) and photograph

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

SUMMARY

Project name: Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road

Location: Tickenham, North Somerset

NGR: 346066 171767

Type: Evaluation

Date: 14–16 October 2020

Planning reference: NSC planning ref: 16/P/0032/O

Location of Archive: To be deposited with Somerset County Museums Service and the Archaeology Data Service (ADS)

Site Code: GARD 20

In October 2020, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological evaluation of land at Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset. A total of 5 trenches were excavated.

A deposit of colluvium was identified within all trenches. Two undated ditches and one undated pit were identified beneath the colluvium within Trenches 4 and 5 to the south-west of site, and are the earliest features recorded on site. The ditches probably formed the same feature and had an agricultural function. The function of the pit remains unclear.

A series of three intercutting ditches within Trench 3 to the south were identified cutting the colluvium. One of these ditches produced a single sherd of medieval pottery and all three ditches probably formed an extended period of maintenance for agricultural purposes. A single ditch identified in Trench 1 to the north of site produced a single sherd of medieval pottery but correlates to a field boundary ditch depicted on historic mapping, suggestive of a post-medieval date.

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

1. INTRODUCTION

In October 2020, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation of land at Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset (centred at NGR: 346066 171767; Fig. 1). This evaluation was undertaken for Newland Homes.

North Somerset Council (NSC) has granted outline planning permission for residential development of the site (NSC planning ref: 16/P/0032/O). A Reserved Matters (RM) application has now been made in respect of the appearance, landscaping, layout and scale of the development (NSC ref: 20/P/0413/RM). The evaluation results will inform the RM application.

The scope of this evaluation was defined by Cat Lodge, Senior Archaeologist, NSC, in a consultation response. The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) prepared by CA (2020) and approved by Cat Lodge.

The evaluation was also undertaken in line with Standard and guidance for archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014; updated October 2020), Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE) PPN 3: Archaeological Excavation (Historic England 2015) and Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Managers' Guide (Historic England 2015).

The site The proposed development site is approximately 2.75ha in extent. The site currently comprises the remnants of a former garden centre, and associated buildings and accesses. It is bounded to the north-east and east by Clevedon Road, to the south by Church Lane, to the north by agricultural fields and to the west by the Land Yeo River. The site lies at approximately 16m AOD, and drops gently to the west.

The underlying bedrock geology of the site is mapped as mudstone and halite stone of the Mercia Mudstone Group, which formed in the Triassic Period (BGS 2020).

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

The site has not previously been subject to any form of archaeological assessment. The following is a summary of publically available information.

Prehistoric activity in the area is dominated by the Scheduled Monument of Cadbury Camp multivallate hillfort (Historic England (HE) list entry: 1008295), situated c. 850m to the north-west of site. Excavations carried out within the hillfort in the 1920s recovered Iron Age and Roman dated material, alongside Neolithic flints, a Bronze Age spear, late Roman coin hoards, a quernstone, a brass of Claudius Gothicus and part of a possible Roman altar to Mars. During the Second World War a searchlight battery was established on the hillfort and it was also used for bomb disposal. A Neolithic stone axe (HE ref: 195390) was also recovered in the 1960s during drainage works c. 700m to the west of site, and an Iron Age cist burial has been recorded c. 675m to the south-west (HE ref: 195349).

Roman activity is also known from the vicinity of the site. Identified approximately 300m to the south-west of site, a Roman building was excavated in the 1960s and was then interpreted as a possible villa (HE ref: 195396). Furthermore, Roman structural remains and a coin hoard were recovered in the early 19th century c. 200m to the north of the site, and were interpreted as a possible villa or temple (HE ref: 195355). Roman dated material has also been recovered c. 185m to the north- east (HE ref: 195393).

Medieval activity is focused around the Tickenham Mill (c. 600m to the west of site), which is of 12th-century origin (HE list entry: 1320948), and Tickenham Court and adjacent Church of St Quiricus and St Julietta, c. 500m to south-west of site. The Grade II* Listed buildings at Tickenham Court (HE list entry: 1312529) consist of a complete hall of c. 1400 date and parlour/solar wing of c. 1500 date added to its west end, with some 19th and 20th-century alterations. The Church of St Quiricus and St Julietta is Grade I Listed (HE list entry: 1129121) and the earliest elements date to the 11th century, with 13th, 14th and 15th-century alterations and additions. Further medieval material was recovered during evaluation trenching c. 350m to the east of site (AAU 1993).

The site is depicted as ‘Luggard’s Cross Farm’ on the First Edition Ordnance Survey mapping of 1884, which remains depicted on historical mapping until the

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

mid-20th century. The former garden centre was constructed in the later 20th century and demolished in the early 21st century.

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The general objective of the evaluation was to provide information on any archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date and state of preservation. This information will enable NSC to identify and assess the particular significance of any archaeological heritage assets within the site, consider the impact of the proposed development upon that significance and, if appropriate, develop strategies to avoid or minimise conflict between heritage asset conservation and the development proposals, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (MHCLG 2019).

4. METHODOLOGY

The evaluation fieldwork comprised the excavation of 5 trenches (Fig. 2), each 25m long and 1.8m wide. The trenches were planned originally to provide a representative sample of the remainder of the site, however Trenches 2, 3 and 4 were moved to avoid buried services, upstanding greenhouse structures, and an established hedgerow. All trenches positions were adjusted with the approval of Cat Lodge.

Trenches were set out on OS National Grid co-ordinates using Leica GPS. Overburden was stripped from the trenches by a mechanical excavator fitted with a toothless grading bucket. All machining was conducted under archaeological supervision initially to the top of colluvium, which was the level at which archaeological features were first encountered, and then to natural substrate.

Archaeological features/deposits were investigated, planned and recorded in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

Samples from Archaeological Sites. No deposits were identified that required sampling.

Artefacts were processed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 3: Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

CA will make arrangements with Somerset County Museums Service for the deposition of the project archive and, subject to agreement with the legal landowner(s), the artefact collection. A digital archive will also be prepared and deposited with the Archaeology Data Service (ADS). The archives (museum and digital) will be prepared and deposited in accordance with Standard and guidance for the creation, compilation, transfer and deposition of archaeological archives (CIfA 2014; updated October 2020).

A summary of information from this project, as set out in Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS

This section provides an overview of the evaluation results. Detailed summaries of the recorded contexts are given in Appendix A. Details of the artefactual material recovered from the site are given in Section 6 and Appendix B. Details of the biological evidence recovered are given in Section 7 and Appendix C.

The natural substrate comprising pink-orange sand and gravels was encountered in all excavated trenches. In Trenches 4 and 5, the natural substrate was cut by the archaeological features identified. The fills of these features, and the natural substrate in all other trenches, were overlain by between 0.15m and 0.30m thickness of colluvium. In Trenches 1 and 3 the colluvium was cut by archaeological features. The fills of these features and the colluvium in Trenches 3, 4 and 5 were sealed by subsoil, which was in turn covered by topsoil.

In Trenches 1 and 2, the colluvium was truncated and sealed by modern make-up deposits and tarmac, comprising the former garden centre car park.

Archaeological features were identified in four trenches. Only modern services were identified in Trench 2.

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

Trench 1 (Fig. 3) The earliest feature encountered was north/south-aligned ditch 108 (Fig. 3, Section AA), identified cutting colluvium layer 103 within the eastern end of the trench. Ditch 108 had asymmetrical sides and a flat base. It measured at least 1.8m in length, 2.04m in width, and 0.53m in depth. It contained two fills, 106 and 107, from which one rim sherd of medieval pottery of mid 13th to 15th-century date was recovered.

Ditch 108 was sealed by up to 0.48m in thickness of modern make-up deposits and tarmac.

Trench 3 (Fig. 4) North-west/south-east-aligned ditch 304 (Fig. 4, Section BB) was identified cutting colluvium layer 302 towards the eastern end of the trench. Ditch 304 had steep sloping sides and a tapered base. It measured at least 1.8m in length, 0.98m in width, and 0.59m in depth and contained a single sterile fill, 305. It was cut on its western edge by similarly aligned ditch 306.

Ditch 306 (Fig. 4, Section BB) had steep sloping sides and a flat base. It measured at least 1.8m in length, 2.62m in width and 0.7m in depth. It contained a single fill, 307, from which one sherd of medieval vessel base of 11th to early 12th-century date was recovered.

Ditch 308 was identified just to the east of these features, also cutting colluvium layer 302. It was aligned north-west/south-east (Fig. 4, Section BB) with steep sloping sides and a tapered base. It measured at least 1.8m in length, 0.52m in width and 0.28m in depth. It contained a single sterile fill, 309.

Ditches 304, 306 and 308 were sealed by subsoil.

Trench 4 (Fig. 5) Ditch 404 (Fig. 5, Sections CC and DD) was identified centrally within the trench, cutting natural substrate. It had gently sloping sides and a flat base. It measured at least 2.7m in length, 3.24m in width and 0.48m in depth. It contained two fills, 405 and 406, from which one complete tibia of a horse and two fragments of cattle bones were recovered.

Immediately south of this feature, pit 407 was identified cutting natural substrate. Sub-circular pit 407 (Fig. 5, Section EE) had gently sloping sides and a concave

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

base. It measured 0.55m in length, 0.44m in width, and 0.1m in depth and contained a single sterile fill, 408.

Ditch 404 and pit 407 were sealed by colluvium.

Trench 5 (Fig. 6) Ditch 506 (Fig. 6, Section FF) was identified within the south-eastern end of the trench, cutting natural substrate. It was aligned south-west/north-east, with gently sloping sides and a flat base. It measured at least 1.8m in length, 2.13m in width, and 0.42m in depth, and contained two sterile fills, 504 and 505.

Ditch 506 was sealed by colluvium. It appeared to represent a north-eastern continuation of ditch 404, identified in Trench 4.

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material was hand-recovered from two ditch fills. The recovered material dates to the medieval period. Quantities of the artefact types recorded are given in Appendix B. The pottery has been recorded according to sherd count/weight per fabric and fabric codes given in the text in parenthesis, and in Appendix B, correspond to the Bristol Pottery Type (BPT) series (Ponsford 1988 and 1998).

Pottery 6.2 Two sherds were recorded (48g). A base sherd (8g) from a vessel in a handmade quartz-and-limestone-tempered fabric was retrieved from fill 307 of ditch 306. This is likely to represent Motte Ditch type coarseware (BPT 6), which is dateable to the 11th to early 12th centuries. A rimsherd (40g) from a bridge-spouted jug in Bristol (Redcliff) glazed ware (BPT 26/27), dating to the mid 13th to 15th centuries, was recorded from fill 106 of ditch 108.

7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

7.1 Animal Bone Animal bone amounting to three fragments (602g) was recovered from deposit 406, an undated fill of ditch 404. The material was fragmentary but preserved well

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

enough to identify the presence of horse (Equus callabus) from an almost complete tibia. No cut marks or impact damage indicative of butchery waste was observed which, when coupled with the low recovery, limits what can be said about this assemblage in terms of site economy and animal husbandry. However, this species was a commonly exploited domestic animal so its inclusion in an assemblage of this period is to be expected.

8. DISCUSSION

The evaluation identified a small number of archaeological features comprising several ditches and one pit within the site. No prehistoric or Roman activity associated with the Scheduled Monument of Cadbury Camp multivallate hillfort or nearby structural remains was identified.

Undated Ditch 404 and its north-eastern continuation 506 were identified cutting natural substrate. but did not contain any datable artefactual material. However, as the ditch was sealed by colluvium, it suggests that it was of an earlier date than the rest of the features identified across site, which cut the colluvium. The precise function of this ditch is uncertain although its form suggests that it relates to agricultural land management, drainage or division.

The function of pit 407 was unclear as it did not contain dateable material, and it may have been geological in origin. It also was sealed by a layer of colluvium that was present in all trenches but yielded no dateable artefacts. The presence of colluvium suggests nearby land clearance and subsequent hill wash deposition on the site, but this can only be broadly dated to before ditches 108, 303, 306 and 308, which are of probable medieval date.

Medieval/post-medieval Evidence of medieval and/or post-medieval activity comprised the ditches identified cutting colluvium in Trenches 1 and 3. Ditch 103 was identified in Trench 1 and contained a single sherd of pottery dated to between the mid 13th to 15th centuries. Its form suggests an agricultural function. Ditch 103 appears to correlate with a field boundary ditch depicted on the 1840s Tithe Map of North Somerset (Know Your Place 2020), suggesting a post-medieval date for this feature. This ditch may be

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

associated with the land management of Luggard’s Cross Farm (see archaeological background above).

Ditches 304, 306 and 308 were identified in Trench 3 cut the colluvium. Ditch 306, which cut ditch 304, produced a single sherd of pottery of early 11th to 12th century date. The function of these ditches remains unclear but is possible that they also have an agricultural function and form an extended period of maintenance.

9. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Sara-Jayne Boughton, assisted by Christian Day. This report was written by Sara-Jayne Boughton. The finds report was written by Jacky Sommerville and the biological evidence report by Andy Clarke. The report illustrations were prepared by Esther Escudero. The project archive has been compiled and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neill. The project was managed for CA by Steve Sheldon.

10. REFERENCES

AAU (Avon Archaeological Unit) 1993 An Archaeological Investigation of Sites Within the Construction Corridor of the Portbury to Nailsea Gas Pipeline

British Geological Survey 2020 Geology of Britain Viewer https://www.bgs.ac.uk/map-viewers/geology-of-britain-viewer/ Accessed 28 October 2020

Know Your Place 2020 1840s Tithe Map of North Somerset https://maps.bristol.gov.uk/kyp/?edition=nsom Accessed 28 October 2020

Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government 2019 National Planning Policy Framework

Ponsford, M. W. 1988 ‘Pottery’, in Williams 1988, 124–45

Ponsford, M. W. 1998 ‘Pottery’, in Price with Ponsford 1998, 136–56

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

Price, R. with Ponsford M. W. 1998 St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Bristol: The Excavation of a Medieval Hospital 1976–8 CBA Research Report 110, York, Council for British Archaeology

Williams, B. 1988 ‘The excavation of medieval and post-medieval tenements at 94– 102 Temple Street, Bristol, 1975’, Trans. Bristol Gloucestershire Archaeol. Soc. 106, 107–68

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Context Type Fill Interpretation Description Length Width Depth/ Spot-date No. of (m) (m) thickness (m) 1 100 Deposit Tarmac Modern tarmac >25 >1.8 <0.3 1 101 Deposit Made ground Modern rubble comprising >16.5 .1.8 <0.34 large brick fragments and stones in matrix of mid pink- brown silt 1 102 Deposit Made ground Dark green-grey sand-clay, >25 >1.8 <0.34 compact 1 103 Deposit Colluvium Light orange-brown sand, >25 >1.8 <0.4 friable with frequent manganese flecks 1 104 Layer Natural Light pink-orange gravel, >25 >1.8 - substrate compact with occasional patches of orange sand 1 105 Layer Made ground Mid pink-brown silt-clay, >25 >1.8 0.18 compact with occasional manganese flecks 1 106 Fill 108 Fill of ditch Mid grey-brown sand-clay, >1.8 2.04 0.18 MC13- compact with frequent small C15 stones 1 107 Fill 108 Fill of ditch Light grey-brown sand-clay, >1.8 1.17 0.38 compact with occasional small stones 1 108 Cut Ditch N/S aligned ditch with >1.8 2.04 0.53 asymmetrical sides and a flat base 2 200 Deposit Tarmac Modern tarmac >25 >1.8 0.22 2 201 Deposit Bedding for Dark green-grey sand-clay, >25 >1.8 0.14 200 compact 2 202 Deposit Bedding for Mid brown-orange sand- >25 >1.8 0.28 200 gravel, friable 2 203 Layer Colluvium Mid grey-brown sand-gravel, >25 >1.8 0.3 compact 3 204 Layer Natural Light pink-orange sand-gravel, >25 >1.8 - substrate compact 3 300 Layer Topsoil Dark brown-grey silt, friable >25 >1.8 <0.3 3 301 Layer Subsoil Mid orange-brown clay-silt, .25 >1.8 0.14 friable with occasional stones 3 302 Layer Colluvium Mid grey-brown sand-silt, soft >25 >1.8 <0.3 with frequent flecks of manganese 3 303 Layer Natural Light pink-brown gravel and >25 >1.8 - substrate orange sand, compact with frequent patches of pink clay 3 304 Cut Ditch NW/SE aligned ditch with >1.8 0.98 0.59 steep sloping sides and a tapered base 3 305 Fill 304 Fill of ditch Dark brown-grey silt-sand, >1.8 0.98 0.59 friable 3 306 Cut Ditch NW/SE aligned ditch with >1.8 2.62 0.7 steep sloping sides and a flat base 3 307 Fill 306 Fill of ditch Dark brown-grey silt-sand, soft >1.8 2.62 0.7 C11- with occasional small stones EC12 3 308 Cut Ditch NW/SE aligned ditch with >1.8 0.52 0.28 steep sloping sides and a tapered base 3 309 Fill 308 Fill of ditch Dark brown-grey silt-sand, >1.8 0.52 0.28 friable 4 400 Layer Topsoil Dark brown-grey silt, friable >25 >1.8 <0.3 4 401 Layer Subsoil Mid orange-brown clay-silt, .25 >1.8 0.14 friable with occasional stones

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

4 402 Layer Colluvium Mid grey-brown sand-silt, soft >25 >1.8 <0.3 with frequent flecks of manganese 4 403 Layer Natural Light pink-brown gravel and >25 >1.8 - substrate orange sand, compact 4 404 Cut Ditch NE/SW aligned ditch with >2.7 <3.24 0.48 gently sloping sides and a flat base 4 405 Fill 404 Fill of ditch Mid pink-brown gravel, >2.7 1.78 <0.16 compact 4 406 Fill 404 Fill of ditch Mid pink-grey silt-sand, soft >2.7 2.2 <0.4 with occasional small gravel stones 4 407 Cut Pit Sub-circular pit with gently 0.55 0.44 0.1 sloping sides and a concave base 4 408 Fill 407 Fill of pit Mid orange-brown sand- 0.55 0.44 0.1 gravel, friable 4 409 Cut Geology Ovoid in plan with gently 1.26 1.06 0.06 sloping sides and uneven base 4 410 Fill 410 Fill of geology Light orange-brown clay-silt, 1.26 1.06 0.06 soft with frequent gravel 5 500 Layer Topsoil Dark brown-grey silt, friable >25 >1.8 <0.29 5 501 Layer Subsoil Mid orange-brown clay-silt, .25 >1.8 <0.16 friable with occasional stones 5 502 Layer Colluvium Mid grey-brown sand-silt, soft >25 >1.8 <0.43 with frequent flecks of manganese 5 503 Layer Natural Light pink-brown gravel and >25 >1.8 - substrate orange sand, compact with patches of pink clay 5 504 Fill 506 Fill of ditch Light grey-brown silt-clay, >1 2.13 0.37 compact with frequent manganese flecks 5 505 Fill 506 Fill of ditch Light grey-brown silt-clay, >1 1.98 0.13 compact with frequent gravel stones 5 506 Cut Ditch NE/SW aligned ditch with >1.8 2.13 0.42 gently sloping sides and a flat base

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Category Description Fabric Count Weight Spot-date Code (g) 106 Medieval pottery Bristol (Redcliff) glazed ware BPT 26/27 1 40 MC13-C15 307 Medieval pottery Motte Ditch type coarseware BPT 6 1 8 C11-EC12

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

Table 1: Identified animal species by fragment count (NISP) and weight and context.

Cut Fill EQ LM Total Weight (g) 404 406 1 2 3 602 Total 1 2 3 Weight 546 56 602 EQ = horse; LM = cattle sized mammal

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS Project name Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road Short description In October 2020, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological evaluation of land at Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset. A total of 5 trenches were excavated. A deposit of colluvium was identified within all trenches. Two undated ditches and one undated pit were identified beneath the colluvium within Trenches 4 and 5 to the south-west of site, and are the earliest features recorded on site. The ditches probably formed the same feature and had an agricultural function. The function of the pit remains unclear. A series of three intercutting ditches within Trench 3 to the south were identified cutting the colluvium. One of these ditches produced a single sherd of medieval pottery and all three ditches probably formed an extended period of maintenance for agricultural purposes. A single ditch identified in Trench 1 to the north of site produced a single sherd of medieval pottery but correlates to a field boundary ditch depicted on historic mapping, suggestive of a post- medieval date Project dates 14-16 October 2020 Project type Field evaluation Previous work None Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site location Tickenham, North Somerset Study area (m2/ha) 2.75ha Site co-ordinates 346066 171767 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project brief originator N/A Project design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology Project Manager Steve Sheldon Project Supervisor Sara-Jayne Boughton MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content (e.g. pottery, (museum/Accession no.) animal bone etc)

Physical Somerset Museums Service Ceramics, animal bone Paper Somerset Museums Service Trench sheets, context sheets, permatrace, photographic registers Digital Somerset Museums Service Digital photographs, digital plan BIBLIOGRAPHY Cotswold Archaeology 2020 Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset Archaeological Evaluation CA typescript report CR0493_1

Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

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PROJECT TITLE Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset

FIGURE TITLE Ditch 108, looking south (1m scale) Trench 1: plan, section and photograph

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. CR0493 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 26/10/2020 APPROVED BY MW SCALE@A3 1:200 / 1:20 3 N Trench 3

dditchitch dditchitch 306306 308308 B B

dditchitch 304304

01:200 10m

Evaluation trench

Archaeological feature (excavated/unexcavated) A A Section location

Ditches 304, 306 and 308, looking north-east (1m scales)

Section BB

W E 10.7m AOD

330000 330000

330101 330101

330202 330707 330505 330202 330909 330202 330202

dditchitch dditchitch 330404 330808 dditchitch Andover 01264 347630 330606 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 01m1:20 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset

FIGURE TITLE Trench 3: plan, section and photograph

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. CR0493 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 26/10/2020 APPROVED BY MW SCALE@A3 1:200 / 1:20 4 N Trench 4

Section CC

SE NW 10.8m AOD 440000

440101 440101 D dditchitch 404404 440202 440202 C mmodernodern sserviceervice D

440606 440606 E ppitit C 440707

440505 E dditchitch 440404

01m1:20 Evaluation trench

Archaeological feature (excavated/unexcavated) Modern service Field drain A A Section location

Section DD Section EE 1:200 NW SE SW NE 0 10m 10.2m 10.2m AOD AOD 440808 ppitit 440606 440707

440505 dditchitch 440404 1:20 01m Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 01m1:20 e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset

FIGURE TITLE Trench 4: plan and sections

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. CR0493 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 26/10/2020 APPROVED BY MW SCALE@A3 1:200 / 1:20 5 Trench 5 N

Section FF

SE NW 10.6m AOD 550000

550101

550202

550404 dditchitch 550505 506506 dditchitch 550606 F

01m1:20 01:200 10m

Evaluation trench

Archaeological feature (excavated/unexcavated) Field drain A A Section location

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset

FIGURE TITLE Ditch 506, looking south-east (1m scale) Trench 5: plan, section and photograph

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. CR0493 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 26/10/2020 APPROVED BY MW SCALE@A3 1:200 / 1:20 6