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Tickenham Garden Centre Clevedon Road Tickenham North Somerset Tickenham Garden Centre Clevedon Road Tickenham North Somerset Archaeological Evaluation for: Newland Homes CA Project: CR0493 CA Report: CR0493_1 October 2020 Tickenham Garden Centre Clevedon Road Tickenham North Somerset Archaeological Evaluation CA Project: CR0493 CA Report: CR0493_1 Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 28 October Sara-Jayne Steve Internal QA Martin 2020 Boughton Sheldon review Watts This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Exeter Suffolk Building 11 Unit 8, The IO Centre Stanley House Unit 1, Clyst Units Unit 5, Plot 11 Kemble Enterprise Park Fingle Drive Walworth Road Cofton Road Maitland Road Cirencester Stonebridge Andover Marsh Barton Lion Barn Industrial Gloucestershire Milton Keynes Hampshire Exeter Estate GL7 6BQ Buckinghamshire SP10 5LH EX2 8QW Needham Market MK13 0AT Suffolk IP6 8NZ t. 01285 771 022 t. 01264 347 630 t. 01392 573 970 t. 01908 564 660 t. 01449 900 120 e. [email protected] CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 3 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 4 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...................................................................... 5 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................... 6 4. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 6 5. RESULTS................................................................................................................. 7 Trench 4 (Fig. 5) ................................................................................................. 8 Trench 5 (Fig. 6) ................................................................................................. 9 6. THE FINDS .............................................................................................................. 9 6.1 ...................................................................................................................... 9 Pottery ................................................................................................................ 9 6.2 ...................................................................................................................... 9 7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ................................................................................ 9 7.1 Animal Bone ............................................................................................. 9 8. DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................... 10 Undated ............................................................................................................. 10 Medieval/post-medieval ...................................................................................... 10 9. CA PROJECT TEAM ................................................................................................ 11 10. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 11 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................... 13 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ..................................................................................................... 14 APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ................................................ 14 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ................................................................................. 15 1 Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing identified archaeological features (1:1000) Fig. 3 Trench 1: plan (1:200), section AA (1:20) and photograph Fig. 4 Trench 3: plan (1:200), section BB (1:20) and photograph Fig. 5 Trench 4: plan (1:200) and sections CC, DD and EE (1:20) Fig. 6 Trench 5: plan (1:200), section FF (1:20) and photograph 2 Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology SUMMARY Project name: Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road Location: Tickenham, North Somerset NGR: 346066 171767 Type: Evaluation Date: 14–16 October 2020 Planning reference: NSC planning ref: 16/P/0032/O Location of Archive: To be deposited with Somerset County Museums Service and the Archaeology Data Service (ADS) Site Code: GARD 20 In October 2020, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological evaluation of land at Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset. A total of 5 trenches were excavated. A deposit of colluvium was identified within all trenches. Two undated ditches and one undated pit were identified beneath the colluvium within Trenches 4 and 5 to the south-west of site, and are the earliest features recorded on site. The ditches probably formed the same feature and had an agricultural function. The function of the pit remains unclear. A series of three intercutting ditches within Trench 3 to the south were identified cutting the colluvium. One of these ditches produced a single sherd of medieval pottery and all three ditches probably formed an extended period of maintenance for agricultural purposes. A single ditch identified in Trench 1 to the north of site produced a single sherd of medieval pottery but correlates to a field boundary ditch depicted on historic mapping, suggestive of a post-medieval date. 3 Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology 1. INTRODUCTION In October 2020, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation of land at Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset (centred at NGR: 346066 171767; Fig. 1). This evaluation was undertaken for Newland Homes. North Somerset Council (NSC) has granted outline planning permission for residential development of the site (NSC planning ref: 16/P/0032/O). A Reserved Matters (RM) application has now been made in respect of the appearance, landscaping, layout and scale of the development (NSC ref: 20/P/0413/RM). The evaluation results will inform the RM application. The scope of this evaluation was defined by Cat Lodge, Senior Archaeologist, NSC, in a consultation response. The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) prepared by CA (2020) and approved by Cat Lodge. The evaluation was also undertaken in line with Standard and guidance for archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014; updated October 2020), Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE) PPN 3: Archaeological Excavation (Historic England 2015) and Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Managers' Guide (Historic England 2015). The site The proposed development site is approximately 2.75ha in extent. The site currently comprises the remnants of a former garden centre, and associated buildings and accesses. It is bounded to the north-east and east by Clevedon Road, to the south by Church Lane, to the north by agricultural fields and to the west by the Land Yeo River. The site lies at approximately 16m AOD, and drops gently to the west. The underlying bedrock geology of the site is mapped as mudstone and halite stone of the Mercia Mudstone Group, which formed in the Triassic Period (BGS 2020). 4 Tickenham Garden Centre, Clevedon Road, Tickenham, North Somerset: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND The site has not previously been subject to any form of archaeological assessment. The following is a summary of publically available information. Prehistoric activity in the area is dominated by the Scheduled Monument of Cadbury Camp multivallate hillfort (Historic England (HE) list entry: 1008295), situated c. 850m to the north-west of site. Excavations carried out within the hillfort in the 1920s recovered Iron Age and Roman dated material, alongside Neolithic flints, a Bronze Age spear, late Roman coin hoards, a quernstone, a brass of Claudius Gothicus and part of a possible Roman altar to Mars. During the Second World War a searchlight battery was established on the hillfort and it was also used for bomb disposal. A Neolithic stone axe (HE ref: 195390) was also recovered in the 1960s during drainage works c. 700m to the west of site, and an Iron Age cist burial has been recorded c. 675m to the south-west (HE ref: 195349). Roman activity is also known from the vicinity of the site. Identified approximately 300m to the south-west of site, a Roman building was excavated in the 1960s and was then interpreted as a possible villa (HE ref: 195396). Furthermore, Roman structural remains and a coin hoard were recovered in the early 19th century c. 200m to the north of the site, and were interpreted as a possible villa or temple (HE ref: 195355). Roman dated material has also been recovered c. 185m to the north- east (HE
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