Thesis Jorden 22 Augustus 21-58

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Thesis Jorden 22 Augustus 21-58 Academiejaar 2016 – 2017 UNIVERSITEIT ANTWERPEN FACULTEIT TOEGEPASTE ECONOMISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN Hoe wordt een Belgische voetbalploeg gesponsord? Een economisch-geografische analyse Jorden Van Royen Masterscriptie voorgedragen tot het bekomen Promotor: J.Beckers van de graad van: Copromotor: M. Balliauw Master in de Toegepaste Economische Wetenschappen D. Geuens Handelsingenieur Academiejaar 2016 – 2017 UNIVERSITEIT ANTWERPEN FACULTEIT TOEGEPASTE ECONOMISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN Hoe wordt een Belgische voetbalploeg gesponsord? Een economisch-geografische analyse Jorden Van Royen Masterscriptie voorgedragen tot het bekomen Promotor: J.Beckers van de graad van: Copromotor: M. Balliauw Master in de Toegepaste Economische Wetenschappen D. Geuens Handelsingenieur Abstract Kernwoorden: sportsponsoring, voetbal,… Sponsoring wordt vaak gedefinieerd vanuit het perspectief van de sponsor. In de literatuur wordt er echter weinig aandacht besteed aan het standpunt van een sportorganisatie en hoe deze zich positioneert. Hoewel er reeds in beperkte mate onderzoek is uitgevoerd naar de geografische componenten, met in het bijzonder het marktpotentieel gelinkt aan de fans, werd er nog geen onderzoek verricht naar de geografische component van de sponsorstrategieën in de Jupiler Pro League. Deze thesis vertrekt vanuit dit perspectief en wil onderzoeken hoe Belgische voetbalclubs, met aandacht voor de onderlinge verschillen, deze geografische component in hun sponsorstrategieën implementeren. Daarom wordt een antwoord gezocht op de volgende centrale onderzoeksvraag: “Hoe ziet de sponsorstrategie van een Belgische professionele voetbalclub eruit”. Op basis van een multidisciplinair onderzoek zal deze thesis een antwoord geven op de centrale ondezoekersvraag. Allereerst wordt er een kwalitatief onderzoek door middel van interviews uitgevoerd om zo de onderzoeksvraag op bedrijfseconomisch vlak te beantwoorden. Dertien clubs uit de Jupiler Pro League en drie clubs uit de Proximus League werden geïnterviewd over hun werkwijze in verband met sponsoring. Uit de interviews blijkt dat er verschillende manieren worden gehanteerd om naar nieuwe sponsors te zoeken. Vervolgens wordt er door middel van een kwantitatieve studie getracht om de verscheidenheid in de geografische sponsorstructuur in de Jupiler Pro League bloot te leggen. Uit dit onderzoek blijkt dat er vier verschillende soorten geografische structuren kunnen worden onderscheiden. Ter afsluiting worden er aanbevelingen gegeven omtrent de bedrijfseconomische en geografische sponsorstructuur van een voetbalclub. I Executive Summary Introduction The Belgian proFessional Football is characterised as an open competition where clubs From lower divisions can promote, despite their low market potential. In addition there is no territorial exclusivity imposed by the Pro League, which makes it possible to have multiple Football clubs in a small area. This has consequences For Belgian proFessional Football where six clubs are located in the province oF West Flanders, and no proFessional Football clubs can be Found in the provinces Namen and Luxemburg. From a mere competitive point oF view, it could be argued that in West Flanders more competition exists between the clubs in attracting both consumers, as well as companies and sponsors. Previous research has mainly Focused on the relationship between the Fans and the clubs where this work Focuses on sponsorship and its relationship with companies and Football competitors. A certain location oF the club as well as its environmental Factors can determine the diFFerent ways in which clubs attract sponsors. This master-dissertation investigates these strategies in the Belgian proFessional Football. The research question can be as follows: "Which sponsor strategies can be identified in the Belgian professional football league? This master dissertation is divided into several chapters. The First chapter, which is summarized above, covers the main starting point oF this research. The literature research consists oF two chapters. Chapter two deals with the diFFerent deFinitions oF sponsorship, after the diFFerent goals a sponsors wants to achieve are mentioned. Thereafter the relationship between the media, sponsors, sport organisations and Fans is explained. At the end oF the chapter the diFFerent risks oF sponsorship are treated. II In chapter three the diFFerent aspects oF Football are examined. First the diFFerent goals oF a Football club are investigated after which the research elaborates on the diFFerent aspects oF the sport system between the Europe and United states. AFterwards the Figures about the diFFerent revenues in Football are examined. To end this chapter, the endogenous growth model For Football clubs is explained and the diFFerent aspect oF the sponsors pyramid are clariFied. Methodology The methodolgy is being discussed in chapter For whereas the First subquestion is answered by conducting 16 interviews with diFFerent proFessional Football clubs in Belgium. The interviews exist out oF 13 questions based on the literature and questions that need to be answered in order to come to a solid and objective comparison. Subsequently, For every Football club in the Jupiler Pro League an geographical analysis oF the sponsorship structure is contructed in order to answer the second subquestion. Because not all the sponsors oF the Football clubs were listed on the website, this research only Focused on the shirt, main and co-sponsors located at the bottom oF the webpage. The geographical sponsorstructure oF the clubs will be analysed on two aspects, namely the location oF the club to the diFFerent sponsors and the service area oF the sponsors. The diFFerent locations oF the sponsors to the club are classiFied in two diFFerent categories, the ones within a radius oF 15 km and the ones out oF the 15 km radius. This master dissertation uses the sponsorship data From the websites oF the Football clubs, playing in the Jupiler Pro League in the season 2016-2017. Results Chapter Five consists out oF the actual research whereas in the First part the diFFerent insights oF the interviews are discussed. These insights are divided into Five topics: the term sponsorship; method sponsorship recruitment; competitors; sponsor pyramid; contract time. III The second part Focusses on the geographical diFFerence between de sponsor structure. By evaluating the location oF the club to the diFFerent sponsors, two groups can be distinghuised. The First group, consisting out oF six clubs, has more than 50% oF their partners in a range oF a 15 km distance to the club. The other ten clubs get the marjority oF their sponsors out oF the 15 km radius. By conducting the geographical analysis, Four diFFerent quadrants can be derived. Limitations of the report The geographical analysis is limited in the Fact that only the main en co-sponsors were examined. This analysis is also limited in its time component. Only the Football season oF 2016-2017 was analysed because data oF the previous year was not publicly available. In addition, the location oF the sponsor is based on their headquarters, which means that sometimes a nearby located Franchise, that asks permission to its headquarters, could not be noticed. Recommendations Firstly, it is very important to conducting this research on multiple years that all the data is collected by a third party. Based on the geographical analysis, For every group/quadrant a possible strategy is listed. However it is important For every Football club to examine its own sponsor pyramid. It must be balanced with a broad basis oF small sponsors to reduce the risk oF getting Financial problems when the team is not perForming on the pitch as they thought they would have been. Moreover the end oF the sponsorship contracts should diFFer in time. IV Dankwoord Tal van mensen hebben meegeholpen aan de realisatie van deze thesis. Langs deze weg wil ik hen dan ook graag bedanken voor hun steun en vertrouwen. In de eerste plaats ben ik mijn promotors Joris Beckers en Matteo Balliauw erkentelijk voor het Feit dat zij mij dit onderwerp hebben aangeboden, waarbij ik mijn passie voor het voetbal en studies kon combineren. Daarnaast wil ik hen ook graag bedanken voor de begeleiding en Feedback die zij gedurende heel het jaar aan mij hebben geboden. Graag zou ik ook Dirk Geuens willen vermelden voor het bezorgen van de nodige contacten en voor het nalezen van deze thesis. Mijn dank gaat ook uit naar alle personen die mij direct oF indirect hebben geholpen om met de bevoegde personen van de voetbalclubs in contact te komen. Ik wens ook alle respondenten van de deelnemende voetbalclubs te vermelden voor hun bereidwilligheid waarmee zij mij te woord hebben gestaan tijdens de interviews. Tenslotte wil ik ook mijn Familie bedanken. In het bijzonder wil ik hier mijn dank uitdrukken voor mijn ouders, broers en vriendin die mij altijd hebben gesteund tijdens het schrijven van mijn thesis. Jorden Van Royen V Lijst van figuren Figuur 1: Belangrijkste elementen van de marketingcommunicatiemix ........................... 9 Figuur 2: Jaarlijkse globale groei van reclame, verkooppromotie en sponsoring ........ 10 Figuur 3: De relatie tussen media, sponsors en Fans .............................................................. 15 Figuur 4: Geografische locatie van de clubs uit de JPL .......................................................... 23 Figuur 5: Inkomsten JPL en Eredivisie in het seizoen 2014-2015 ....................................... 25 Figuur 6: Rangschikking van clubs uit de JPL
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