Influence of Repeated Field Applications of Azoxystrobin on Population Diversity of Monilinia Fructicola Madeline Elizabeth Dowling Clemson University
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Venturia Inaequalis (Cooke) Winter, Hedwigia 36: 81, 1897
Set No 41, published 1974 CMI Descriptions of VENTURIA INAEQUALIS Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 401 Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter, Hedwigia 36: 81, 1897. Sphaerella inaequalis Cooke, 1866. Spilosticta inaequalis (Cooke) Petr., 1940. Endostigma inaequalis (Cooke) Syd., 1923. Sphaeria cinerascens Fuckel, 1863. Sphaerella cinerascens Fuckel, 1870. Conidial state: Spilocaea pomi Fr., 1825. Fusicladium pomi (Fr.) Lind, 1913. Helminthosporium pyrorum Lib. (pro parte), 1832. (For further synonymy see Barr, Canadian Journal of Botany 46: 808, 1968 and Hughes, Canadian Journal of Botany 31: 566–568, 1953.) Pseudothecia immersed, globose, amphigenous, scattered or grouped, with or without setae. Asci cylindrical, bitunicate, 8- spored, 60–70 × 7–12 µm. Ascospores monostichous or distichous, olivaceous brown, septate in the upper third, with upper ends tapering and lower ends rounded, 12–15 × 6–8 µm. Conidial state: Conidiophores arising from subcuticular or intraepidermal mycelium which forms radiating plates, simple cylindrical, pale to mid brown to olivaceous brown, sometimes swollen at the base, variable in length, up to 90 µm long, 5–6 µm wide. Stroma often formed as pseudoparenchyma. Conidia produced singly at the tip of the conidiophore and then successively by proliferation through scars of the detached conidia, resulting in characteristic and distinct annellations on the conidiophores; obpyriform to obclavate, pale to mid olivaceous brown, smooth, 0–1-septate, 12–30 µm long, 6–10 µm wide in the broadest part with a truncate base 4–5 µm wide. © CAB INTERNATIONAL 1998 Set No 41, published 1974 HOSTS: Principally on apple (Malus pumila), and other species of Malus. Also recorded on Pyrus spp., Sorbus spp. -
Elicitation of Grapevine Defense Responses Against Plasmopara Viticola , the Causal Agent of Downy Mildew
Elicitation of grapevine defense responses against Plasmopara viticola , the causal agent of downy mildew Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fachbereiche der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Durchgeführt am Institut für Phytopathologie und Angewandte Zoologie Vorgelegt von M.Sc. Moustafa Selim aus Kairo, Ägypten Dekan: Prof. Dr. Peter Kämpfer 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Kogel 2. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Tina Trenczek Dedication / Widmung I. DEDICATION / WIDMUNG: Für alle, die nach Wissen streben Und ihren Horizont erweitern möchten bereit sind, alles zu geben Und das Unbekannte nicht fürchten Für alle, die bereit sind, sich zu schlagen In der Wissenschaftsschlacht keine Angst haben Wissen ist Macht **************** For all who seek knowledge And want to expand their horizon Who are ready to give everything And do not fear the unknown For all who are willing to fight In the science battle Who have no fear Because Knowledge is power I Declaration / Erklärung II. DECLARATION I hereby declare that the submitted work was made by myself. I also declare that I did not use any other auxiliary material than that indicated in this work and that work of others has been always cited. This work was not either as such or similarly submitted to any other academic authority. ERKLÄRUNG Hiermit erklare ich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbststandig angefertigt und nur die angegebenen Quellen and Hilfsmittel verwendet habe und die Arbeit der anderen wurde immer zitiert. Die Arbeit lag in gleicher oder ahnlicher Form noch keiner anderen Prufungsbehorde vor. II Contents III. CONTENTS I. DEDICATION / WIDMUNG……………...............................................................I II. ERKLÄRUNG / DECLARATION .…………………….........................................II III. -
Downy Mildew 2018
Downy Mildew The recent weather pattern was a big relief for many dryland farmers in Texas, but for grape growers in the eastern half of the state and especially the Gulf Coast, tropical moisture in the summer can spell big problems with downy mildew. Downy is one of few fungal diseases that can cause serious damage all season long, and each year we hear at least one report of total crop loss from downy. The warm and wet conditions this week have been ideal for downy mildew infections so if you have already seen downy in your vineyard this year then there is an extremely high probability of a reoccurring infection. If you have not seen downy mildew yet this year, there is a still a very good chance that an infection can or already has occurred. Even a very small, unnoticeable infection can explode into an outbreak under the right conditions. Make sure that your vineyard is properly protected! Young berries are highly susceptible to direct infections by downy mildew, but become increasing resistant with age. However, downy can infect all of the green parts of a grapevine season long. Infections this time of the year can lead to significant defoliation which in turn can severely reduce fruit quality and vine health. Favorite vineyard defoliated from downy mildew infection. The foliar symptoms of downy can vary quite a bit based on cultivar and tissue age so know what to look for when you are scouting your vineyard. You can visit the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Viticulture & Enology webpage to view a photo gallery with more than fifty photos of downy mildew infections. -
Extension Plant Pathology Update
Extension Plant Pathology Update April 2013 Volume 1, Number 3 Edited by Jean Williams-Woodward Plant Disease Clinic Report for March 2013 By Ansuya Jogi and Jean Williams-Woodward The following tables consist of the commercial and homeowner samples submitted to the plant disease clinics in Athens and Tifton for March 2013 (Table 1) and one year ago in April 2012 (Table 2). Sample numbers are starting to pick up, but many of the problems we’ve seen in March were due to abiotic disorders such as cultural and/or environmental stresses (i.e. cold injury, past drought stress, poor root growth, etc.). Likely, the recent colder temperatures have slowed plant growth and plant disease development. We did have a few interesting samples, including cedar rusts and bulb mites on tulip (see pages 6 and 7). Looking ahead based upon April samples from last year and current weather conditions, we could expect more fungal leaf spot diseases, fire blight, rust, powdery mildew and downy mildew diseases. Table 1: Plant disease clinic sample diagnoses made in March 2013 Sample Diagnosis Host Plant Commercial Sample Homeowner Sample Arborvitae Decline; Dieback, Abiotic disorder Azalea Cultural/Environmental Problem, Abiotic disorder Bentgrass Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale) Blueberry Colletotrichum sp./spp. Cultural/Environmental Problem, Unknown, General Abiotic disorder Boxwood Root Problems, Abiotic disorder Camelia Camellia Petal; Flower Blight (Ciborinia camelliae) Root Problems, Abiotic disorder Environmental Stress; Problem, Abiotic disorder Tea -
Selection and Orchard Testing of Antagonists Suppressing Conidial Production by the Apple Scab Pathogen Venturia Inaequalis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wageningen University & Research Publications Eur J Plant Pathol DOI 10.1007/s10658-008-9377-z Selection and orchard testing of antagonists suppressing conidial production by the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis Jürgen J. Köhl & Wilma W. M. L. Molhoek & Belia B. H. Groenenboom-de Haas & Helen H. M. Goossen-van de Geijn Received: 7 April 2008 /Accepted: 29 September 2008 # KNPV 2008 Abstract Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis concluded that C. cladosporioides H39 has promising is a major disease in apple production. Epidemics in potential as a biological control agent for apple scab spring are initiated by ascospores produced on over- control. More information is needed on the effect of C. wintering leaves whereas epidemics during summer cladosporioides H39onapplescabepidemicsaswellas are driven by conidia produced on apple leaves by on mass production, formulation and shelf life of biotrophic mycelium. Fungal colonisers of sporulating conidia of the antagonist. colonies of V. inaequalis were isolated and their potential to reduce the production of conidia of V. Keywords Antagonist screening . Biological control . inaequalis was evaluated on apple seedlings under Sporulation controlled conditions. The four most effective isolates of the 63 screened isolates were tested subsequently under Dutch orchard conditions in 2006. Repeated Introduction applications of conidial suspensions of Cladosporium cladosporioides H39 resulted in an average reduction of Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis is a major conidial production by V. inaequalis of approximately disease in world-wide apple production (MacHardy 40%. In 2007, applications of conidial suspensions of C. -
Determination of the Genetic Structure of Venturia Inaequalis Populations by Means of Molecular Markers
SSis. EW <*-* -"B Diss. ETHNr. 12767 Determination of the Genetic Structure of Venturia inaequalis Populations by Means of Molecular Markers A dissertation submitted to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences presented by CatE Isabel Tenzer Dipl. sc. nat. ETH born January 8th, 1971 citizen of Germany accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. B. A. Roy, examiner Dr. C. Gessler, co-examiner Prof. Dr. G. Defago, co-examiner 1998 1 Contents Contents Page Abstract 2 zusammenfassung 3 Introduction 5 Chapter 1 15 Subdivision and genetic structure of four populations of Venturia inaequalis in Switzerland Chapter 2 28 Genetic diversity of Venturia inaequalis across Europe Chapter 3 41 Identification of microsatellite markers and their application to population genetics of Venturia inaequalis Discussion 57 Curriculum vitae 68 Verdankungen 69 2 Abstract Abstract Venturia inaequalis is the causal agent of apple scab, the most important disease in apple production in Europe. The pathogen is mainly controlled by fungicides, but the plantation of scab-resistant apple cultivars becomes increasingly important, being a more ecological cultivation strategy. The mostly used resistance gene (Vf) originated from Malus floribunda 821, but a break down of this resistance has already been reported in 1984 in Ahrensburg (Northern Germany), in 1994 in Kent (Great Britain), and in 1997 in Wilheminadorp (The Netherlands). Since most new resistant varieties carry the V/-resistance, concern about a large scale breakdown of this resistance increases. However, the V/-resistance is still largely effective despite of growing Vf-resistant cultivars in European as well as in American breeding stations for more than 30 years and for a shorter time in commercial orchards. -
U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, HEADLINE FUNGICIDE, 04/28/2006
71rA J 15(P tJ-f/Ql(S 1~CXXe:. ..r~O sr<'l>~ i ft t UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ....~~~ WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 ~., ",t ""'~i.PRo1f.~ OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES Charlotte Sanson APR 2. 8 2llXl BASF Corporation 26 Davis Drive Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Subject: Headline® Fungicide EPA Registration No. 7969-186 Your master label amendment application dated 6/17/04 and re-submissions dated 6/25/04; 9/27/04; 2/15/05; 3/8/05; 2/22/06; 4/6/06; 4/12/06; 4/13/06 Dear Ms. Sanson, We have reviewed the subject amended labeling, submitted in connection with registration under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended. The amended labeling is acceptable, provided that you: 1. Make the following change to the label: * In the explanatory sentence at the start of Table 1 (page 29) and Table 2 (page 31), change "predicated" to "predicted". 2. Submit one copy of your final printed label before you release product bearing this amended labeling for shipment. If you have any questions about this letter, please contact John Bazuin at (703)305-7381 or [email protected]. Sincerely r ) . Tony Ki Acting Product Manager (22) Fungicide Branch Registration Division (7505C) Attachment: Label copy stamped "ACCEPTED with COMMENTS" a·BASF I GROUP'" FUNGICIDE The Chemical Company ACCEPtED with COHMENTS In EPA Leitei' Dated PPR z 6 Zoo;, u............. r. ?' 'h, ,..,..,...... ......11 "if .. .. = nded. tar • ....doIde rewlalereclaaderEPA .... No. '7 Cf~ q - IS ~ fungicide For use in disease control and plant health in the following crops: Barley, citrus fruit, com (all types), dried shelled peas & beans, edible podded legume vegetables, grass grown for seed, mint, peanut, pecan, rye, soybean, succulent shelled peas and beans, sugar beet, sunflower, tuberous and corm vegetables, wheat, and triticale. -
2020Grape Fungicide Spray Guide FINAL
Plant Pathology Series No. 147 February 2020 Melanie L. Lewis Ivey and Rachel Kaufman Fruit Pathology Program Department of Plant Pathology The Ohio State University-Wooster Campus Wooster, OH Revised January 2020 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... 2 General Comments ............................................................................................................ 3 Fungicide Spray Program .................................................................................................. 5 Dormant ........................................................................................................................ 5 Bud break to Pre-bloom ................................................................................................ 6 Immediate pre-bloom to early bloom ............................................................................ 8 First and Second post-bloom ........................................................................................ 9 Third and Fourth post-bloom ........................................................................................ 10 Fifth post-bloom to Veraison ......................................................................................... 13 Post-harvest ................................................................................................................. 13 Product, FRAC, PHI and REI Table .................................................................................. -
Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Supplement to Volume 101 100th Annual Meeting 4-5 April 2008 Illinois Natural History Survey Celebrating its 150th Anniversary & University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Illinois State Academy of Science Founded 1907 Affiliated with the Illinois State Museum, Springfield 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Schedule…………………………………………………………………………………………1 Keynote Speaker Biographical Sketch and photo……………………………………………2 Sessions, Presenters & Locations Poster Presentations Botany…………………………………………………………………………………………….3 Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology………………………………………………………4 Chemistry…………………………………………………………………………………………5 Environmental Science…………………………………………………………………………...6 Health Sciences…………………………………………………………………………………...7 Microbiology……………………………………………………………………………………..8 Science, Mathematics & Technology Education…………………………………………………8 Zoology…………………………………………………………………………………………...9 Oral Presentations Botany……………………………………………………………………..12 Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology……………………………………………………..14 Chemistry………………………………………………………………………………………..14 Environmental Science………………………………………………………………………….15 Health Sciences………………………………………………………………………………….16 Science, Mathematics & Technology Education………………………………………………..16 Zoology……………………………………………………………………………………….....16 Abstracts Poster Presentations Botany…………………………………………………………………………………………...19 Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology…………………………………………………..…26 Chemistry………………………………………………………………………………………..31 Environmental Science…………………………………………………………………………..32 Health Sciences………………………………………………………………………………….40 -
The Apple Scab Pathogen, Venturia Inaequalis, Causes
Dodine Sensitivity in Venturia inaequalis Populations and The Possibility for Renewed Use Against Apple Scab in The Northeastern US Kerik D. Cox Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456 he apple scab pathogen, Venturia inaequalis, causes of managing several diseases in addition to apple scab. By the extensive crop loss in all production regions in the north- 1990s, dodine use for apple scab management in the region had eastern US. In the absence of durable host resistance in all but ceased. During this time, scientists at the New York State T all commercially Agricultural Experiment Station (NYSAES) reassessed the stabil- ity of dodine resistance by investigating several orchards in NY Recent evaluations of dodine (Syllit) desirable culti- “ vars, producers and Michigan. They had found that although the frequencies of resistance in NY State have shown that are forced to un- resistant isolates had declined, they had not returned to baseline the resistance level to Syllit has declined dertake intensive sensitivity levels. and that dodine could potentially be chemical manage- Although, it has been only been a little over a decade since the used for control of early season apple ment programs to last investigation into dodine stability, increasing concerns over scab. In such orchards Syllit should be avoid fresh mar- QoI and DMI resistance warrant a more in-depth investigation ket losses. Indeed, into the prevalence of dodine resistance in the region and the used with caution until the changes in apple scab is man- possibility for renewed dodine use in apple orchards. -
Apple Scab (Venturia Inaequalis) and Pests in Organic Orchards
Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis) and Pests in Organic Orchards Boel Sandskär Department of Crop Science, Alnarp Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp 2003 2 Abstract Sandskär, B. Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis) and Pests in Organic Orchards Doctoral Dissertation ISSN 1401-6249, ISBN 91-576-6416-1 Domestication of apples goes back several thousand years in time and archaeological findings of dried apples from Östergötland in Sweden have been dated to ca 2 500 B.C. Worldwide, apples are considered an attractive and healthy fruit to eat. Organic production of apples is increasing abroad but is still at very low levels in Sweden. This study deals with major disease and pest problems in organic growing of apples. It concentrates on the most severe disease, the apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). Resistance to apple scab was evaluated during three years in over 450 old and new apple cultivars at Alnarp and Balsgård in southern Sweden. There were significant differences between the cultivars and years. About ten per cent of the cultivars had a high level of resistance against apple scab. The correlation between foliar and fruit scab was stronger when the scab infection pressure was high (1998-1999), compared to when it was low (2000). Polygenic resistance is a desirable trait since such resistance is more difficult to overcome by the pathogen. A common denominator for polygenic resistance among the cultivars assessed was 'Worcester Pearmain'. The leaf infection of apple scab was compared at three locations: Alnarp, Kivik and Rånna (Skövde) in an observation trial for 22 new apple cultivars. The ranking of the cultivars was similar at the three locations. -
US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, PRISTINE FUNGICIDE, 06/04/2012
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION Dr. Khalid H. Akkari BASF Corporation, Agricultural Products JUN 0 4 2012 26 Davis Drive P.O. Box 13528 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Subject: Pristine Fungicide EPA Reg. No. 7969-199 Your letter dated April 13, 2012 EPA Decision Number: 464483 Dear Dr. Akkari: The master labeling and supplemental labeling referred to above, submitted in connection with registration under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended, to add a restriction for use on blueberries in California, is acceptable. Stamped copies of the master and supplemental label "Accepted" are enclosed for your records. These labels supersede all other previously accepted labels. Please submit one copy of the final printed labels before the product is released for shipment. If you have any questions please contact Heather Garvie by phone at: 703-308-0034 or via email at: [email protected] . Sincerely, Marcel Howard Acting Product Manager (20) Fungicide Branch (7504P) Registration Division BASF I Group Fungicide The Chemical Company ACCEPTED JUN 0 4 2012 Under the Federal insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended, for the pesticide registered under EFA Reg No PristinFUNGICIDeE For use in disease control and plant health in the following crops: berries, bulb vegetables, carrots, celery, cotton, cucurbit vegetables, dry beans, grapes, hops, leafy greens, leafy petioles, peanuts, pistachios, pome fruits, soybeans, spinach, stone fruits, strawberries, tree nuts, and tropical fruits Active Ingredients: pyraclostrobin: (carbamic acid, [2-[[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)- 1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy]methyl]phenyl]methoxy-, methyl ester) 12.8% boscalid: 3-pyridinecarboxamide,2-chloro-N-(4'-chloro(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yl)- ...