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Washington State K-12 Facilities Hazard Mitigation Plan

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Washington State K-12 Facilities Hazard Mitigation Plan 2014 Washington State K–12 Facilities Hazard Mitigation Plan School Facilities and Organization Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) Prepared by: Kenneth Goettel, Goettel and Associates, Inc. Robert Dengel, School Facilities and Organization School Facilities and Organization Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction Gordon Beck, Director OSPI provides equal access to all programs and services without discrimination based on sex, race, creed, religion, color, national origin, age, honorably discharged veteran or military status, sexual orientation including gender expression or identity, the presence of any sensory, mental, or physical disability, or the use of a trained dog guide or service animal by a person with a disability. Questions and complaints of alleged discrimination should be directed to the Equity and Civil Rights Director at (360) 725-6162 or P.O. Box 47200 Olympia, WA 98504-7200. Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter One: Introduction ............................................................................................................ 11 1.1 What is a Hazard Mitigation Plan? .................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Why is Hazard Mitigation Planning Important for Washington State, OSPI, and School Districts? . 12 1.3 Mitigation Planning: Key Concepts and Definitions .......................................................................... 14 1.4 The Mitigation Process...................................................................................................................... 18 1.5 The Role of Benefit-Cost Analysis in Hazard Mitigation Planning ..................................................... 20 1.6 Synopsis of Natural Hazards Affecting K–12 Facilities in Washington State .................................... 21 Chapter Two: Community Profile ................................................................................................. 23 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 23 2.2 OSPI’s Mission and Responsibilities .................................................................................................. 23 2.3 Washington State K–12 School Districts ........................................................................................... 23 2.4 Washington State K–12 Students ..................................................................................................... 24 Chapter Three: Mitigation Planning Process ................................................................................ 30 3.1 Washington State K–12 Facilities Hazard Mitigation Plan: Overview ............................................... 30 3.2 Mitigation Planning Process Documentation ................................................................................... 32 Participants in the Planning Process ................................................................................................... 32 Washington State K–12 Facilities Hazard Mitigation Plan Planning Team Meetings ......................... 33 Survey Questionnaire .......................................................................................................................... 34 Concerns about Consequences of Natural Hazard Events .................................................................. 35 Goals for Addressing Risks for Schools ............................................................................................... 36 Level of Threat from Different Hazards .............................................................................................. 36 Concerns about Hazards of Differing Frequency and Severity ........................................................... 37 Strategies for Addressing Risks for Schools ........................................................................................ 38 Other Risk Reduction Strategies ......................................................................................................... 39 Chapter Four: Mission Statement Goals, Objectives, and Action Items ...................................... 40 4.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 40 4.2 Mission Statement ............................................................................................................................ 41 4.3 Mitigation Plan Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................... 41 4.4 Mitigation Planning and Implementation Priorities ......................................................................... 43 4.5 Washington State K–12 Facilities Hazard Mitigation Plan Action Items ........................................... 43 Chapter Five: Mitigation Plan Implementation and Updating ..................................................... 45 5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 45 5.2 Coordinating Body ............................................................................................................................ 45 5.3 Implementation and Integration into Ongoing Programs, Policies, and Practices ........................... 45 5.4 Periodic Evaluation and Updating ..................................................................................................... 46 Chapter Six: Natural Hazards Risk ................................................................................................. 48 6.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 48 Hazard ................................................................................................................................................. 49 Exposure .............................................................................................................................................. 49 Risk ...................................................................................................................................................... 49 6.2 Natural Hazards Overview ................................................................................................................ 50 6.3 Natural Hazards Risk Assessment, a Three-Step Process ................................................................. 51 6.4 Evaluating Acceptable Risk ............................................................................................................... 56 6.5 Establishing Mitigation Priorities ...................................................................................................... 58 6.6 Implementing Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................. 61 Chapter Seven: Earthquakes ......................................................................................................... 64 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 64 7.2 Washington Earthquakes .................................................................................................................. 64 7.3 Earthquake Concepts for Risk Assessments ..................................................................................... 74 Earthquake Magnitudes ...................................................................................................................... 74 Intensity of Ground Shaking................................................................................................................ 75 7.4 Earthquake Hazard Maps .................................................................................................................. 76 7.5 Site Class: Soil and Rock Types .......................................................................................................... 83 7.6 Ground Failures and Other Aspects of Seismic Hazards ................................................................... 85 Surface Rupture .................................................................................................................................. 85 Subsidence or Uplift ............................................................................................................................ 85 Liquefaction, Settlement, and Lateral Spreading ............................................................................... 85 Landslides ............................................................................................................................................ 86 Dam, Levee, and Reservoir Failures .................................................................................................... 86 Tsunamis and Seiches ......................................................................................................................... 86 7.7 Scenario Earthquake Loss Estimates for K–12 Facilities in Washington ........................................... 87 Scenario Earthquakes.........................................................................................................................
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