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Fact Sheet: High-Rise and Low-Rise Multifamily 2019

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Fact Sheet: High-Rise and Low-Rise Multifamily 2019 2019 ENERGY CODE Residential and Nonresidential Ace Title 24, Part 6 Resources Fact Sheet High-Rise and Low-Rise Multifamily What are High-Rise and Low-Rise Multifamily Buildings? Multifamily buildings contain multiple dwelling units that share common walls and may also share common floors or Multifamily Buildings ceilings. Hotel and motel buildings, dormitories or other Occupancies R-1, R-2 and R-4 congregate residences (dormitory-style sleeping quarters) with • Low-Rise: three or less habitable six or more “guest rooms,” and townhomes with three habitable stories above grade stories or less are not considered multifamily. • High-Rise: four or more habitable Building type and the number of habitable stories in a stories above grade multifamily building dictate whether it is considered “high-rise” Occupancy R-3 includes single-family or “low-rise” and which of California’s Building Energy Efficiency homes, duplexes and townhomes Standards (Title 24, Part 6 or Energy Code) requirements apply to it. 3-habitable stories or less above grade and is subject to the single-family Mixed Occupancy requirements of the Energy Code. All dwelling units and common areas within a multifamily Occupancy R (residential) building are considered Occupancy R, although common areas may include nonresidential uses that support the residential occupancy, such as leasing offices and gyms. Some different Energy Code requirements apply to the dwelling units than to the common areas. When there are multiple building code occupancy types in a project (i.e., those typically called “mixed-use” buildings with Occupancy M for a retail space and Occupancy R for the multifamily spaces), each occupancy is looked at separately unless the nonresidential occupancy is < 20% of the total conditioned floor area (CFA). In that case, the envelope and mechanical systems of the minor occupancy can show compliance with either the primary occupancy (multifamily) or the minor occupancy requirements (see Tables 1-7 below for details), but the Mandatory measures of the minor occupancy must be met. Indoor lighting for both mixed occupancy buildings and multifamily dwelling units or common areas must meet the applicable Energy Code space type requirements, except when the total low-rise multifamily common area is ≤ 20% of the overall CFA. Such areas require residential high-efficacy luminaires and occupancy sensor controls instead of nonresidential lighting. Why? When applying the Energy Code, it is important to properly identify multifamily projects as low-rise or high-rise. Multifamily projects can be complicated because a mix of nonresidential and residential requirements apply, based on the space types within the building. Relevant Code Sections 2019 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards, Title 24, Part 6: • Section 100.0 – Scope • Section 100.1 – Definitions and Rules of Construction • Subchapter 2 (Sections 110.0-110.12) – All Occupancies – Mandatory Requirements for the Manufacture, Construction and Installation of Systems, Equipment and Building Components • Subchapter 3 (Sections 120.1-120.9) – Nonresidential, High-Rise Residential, Hotel/ Motel Occupancies, and Covered Processes – Mandatory Requirements • Section 130.1 – Nonresidential, High-Rise Residential, Hotel/Motel Occupancies – Mandatory Indoor Lighting Controls 2019 Title 24, Part 6 - Residential and Nonresidential High-Rise and Low-Rise Multifamily Page 1 of 8 2020-11-05 • Section 130.4 – Nonresidential, High-Rise Residential, Hotel/Motel Occupancies – Lighting Control Acceptance and Installation Certificate Requirements • Section 140.3 – Nonresidential, High-Rise Residential, Hotel/Motel Occupancies – Prescriptive Requirements for Building Envelopes • Section 140.4 – Nonresidential, High-Rise Residential, Hotel/Motel Occupancies – Prescriptive Requirements for Space Conditioning Systems • Section 140.5 – Nonresidential, High-Rise Residential, Hotel/Motel Occupancies – Prescriptive Requirements for Service Water Heating Systems • Section 140.6 – Nonresidential, High-Rise Residential, Hotel/Motel Occupancies – Prescriptive Requirements for Indoor Lighting • Section 140.9 – Nonresidential, High-Rise Residential, Hotel/Motel Occupancies – Prescriptive Requirements for Covered Processes • Section 150.0 – Low-Rise Residential Buildings – Mandatory Features and Devices • Section 150.1 – Performance and Prescriptive Compliance Approaches for Low-Rise Residential Buildings • Section 150.2 – Low-Rise Residential Buildings – Additions and Alterations • Joint Reference Appendix JA4 – U-factor, C-factor, and Thermal Mass Data • Joint Reference Appendix JA5 – Technical Specifications for Occupant Controlled Smart Thermostats Mandatory Measures Mandatory requirements that apply to both low- and high-rise multifamily buildings can be found in Subchapter 2 (Sections 110.0 - 110.12). Mandatory requirements must always be met and cannot be traded off, even when using the Performance approach. Prescriptive vs. Performance Measures In addition to meeting these Mandatory requirements, either a Prescriptive or Performance compliance path may be followed for multifamily projects. The Performance path is most commonly used, as it allows flexibility to trade-off performance between building systems associated with the conditioned areas of the project. In order to show compliance using the Performance path, compliance software certified by the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission) must be used. The compliance software compares the building design to a similar building that meets Prescriptive requirements. Additionally, lighting What is a Solar Ready Area? in unconditioned spaces, outdoor lighting and sign lighting must use the Prescriptive A solar ready area or “solar zone” is pathway and cannot be included in the Performance path. a section of the roof designated and reserved for the future installation of a Solar Ready Areas solar photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal Newly constructed multifamily buildings with 4-10 stories or less are required to include system and must be shown on the roof either an allocated solar ready area or show compliance with the appropriate exceptions plans. found in Section 110.10. Low-rise multifamily buildings ≤ 3 stories that have a PV system • Sizing: The solar area must be at installed are not required to have an allocated solar-ready area. least 15% of the total roof area of Section 110.10 also includes requirements for orientation, shading, structural design loads the building (less any skylight area) and interconnection pathways for electrical service. and may consist of multiple sub-areas Exceptions to these requirements for multifamily projects include: provided that each sub-area is at least • The roof is being used for parking or heliport OR 80 ft² with no dimension < 5 feet • Provide JA5-compliant demand response thermostat at each dwelling unit AND one of • Location: The solar area must be the following: located on the roof or overhang of the – Dwelling unit: ENERGY STAR® dishwasher plus either an ENERGY STAR refrigerator building, or on the roof or overhang or a whole house fan driven by an electronically commutated motor OR of another structure located within – Dwelling unit: Home automation system capable of controlling at least the 250 feet of the building, or on covered appliances and lighting, and responding to demand response signals OR parking installed in conjunction with the building project – Building: Alternative plumbing piping system for wastewater irrigation OR – Building: Rainwater catchment system using at least 65% of roof area OR EnergyCodeAce.com 2019 Title 24, Part 6 - Residential and Nonresidential High-Rise and Low-Rise Multifamily Page 2 of 8 – Meet CALGreen (Title 24, Part 11) Section A4.106.8.2 requiring at least 15% of parking to be EVSE charging ready Exceptions that apply to high-rise multifamily buildings only include: • An installed PV system with DC power rating of at least 1W/ ft² of roof area OR • Solar hot water-heating system meeting the Prescriptive requirements Section 150.1(c)8Biii of 20% solar saving fraction (SSF) in Climate Zones 1-9 and 35% SSF in Climate Zones 10-16. PV Requirements and Battery Storage Options Newly constructed low-rise multifamily buildings are Prescriptively required to have PV systems which are sized based on the building’s Climate Zone and the number of dwelling units (Section 150.1(c)14 Equation 150.1-C) when more than 80 ft² of contiguous roof is available within the effective solar access area(s) and when the building is shown to have an annual solar access of at least 70%. There is an option to reduce the Prescriptive PV minimum sizing requirements and Prescriptive building feature requirements using battery storage utilizing the Performance method for compliance (minimum requirements will apply to battery storage size and controls). See the Residential Alternative Calculation Method (ACM) Manual for more information. Envelope Mandatory and Prescriptive requirements for roofs, walls, floors and windows vary by building construction type (i.e., wood framed or metal framed) and whether the project is low-rise or high-rise. Multifamily Dwelling Common Mixed Use: Type Unit Areas Nonresidential Occupancies Mandatory measures of minor occupancy must be met. Low-Rise Low-Rise Low-Rise < 20% CFA: Low-Rise Residential Residential Residential §§150.0, 150.1, 150.2 §§150.0, §§150.0, or Nonresidential §§110.8, 120.7, 140.3 150.1, 150.2 150.1, 150.2 ≥ 20% CFA: Nonresidential §§110.8, 120.7, 140.3 High-Rise Nonresidential
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