DOCSLIB.ORG

(Moniligastridae, Clitellata) in the Russian Far East: Sequence Data of Two Mitochondrial Genes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

European Journal of Soil Biology 86 (2018) 1–7 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect European Journal of Soil Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejsobi Molecular differentiation of epigeic and anceic forms of Drawida ghilarovi T Gates, 1969 (Moniligastridae, Clitellata) in the Russian Far East: Sequence data of two mitochondrial genes ∗ Gennady N. Ganina, Dmitry M. Atopkinb,c, a Institute Water and Ecology Problems, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 680000, Khabarovsk, Russia b Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Far Eastern Federal University, 690051, Vladivostok, Russia c Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Handling editor: Thibaud Decaens Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA gene sequence data were analysed for 43 – Keywords: specimens of Drawida ghilarovi earthworms of a tropical genus on the northern boundary of their natural Drawida habitat, including two ecological forms and three colour morphs collected from different regions of the southern Clitellata Russian Far East. Intraspecific genetic differentiation of these clitellata was analysed with different criteria that Mitochondrial DNA characterise different forms and morphs. A sample of anecic worms was shown to possess higher genetic var- Earthworm iation than a sample of epigeic worms. Haplotype network reconstructions showed that the meadow-swamp Russian Far East epigeic black-coloured D. ghilarovi is more highly diverged from the anecic forest grey- and brown-coloured worms than the grey and brown colour morphs are from each other. Genetic differentiation between three colour morphs ranged from 9.89 ± 0.58 to 11 ± 0.59% using COI and 16S data. An AMOVA test and an exact test showed a high probability of non-differentiation between grey and brown earthworms. A multimodal mismatch distribution was revealed for the whole D. ghilarovi sample and for each colour morph. The minimum spanning tree showed that the differentiation of specimens is associated with ecological and geographical criteria. Molecular data for Drawida showed high genetic differentiation between epigeic and anecic using COI and 16S gene sequence data as well as the various phylogenetic relationships among the studied forms. The anecic earthworms possibly represent different genetic lineages of the D. ghilarovi species complex. The epigeic Drawida, based on the complex data, can be considered a new species of this genus. 1. Introduction tertiary fauna where they did not experience effects of the last glacia- tion events. Tropical earthworms of the genus Drawida (Moniligas- Earthworms constitute up to 90% of the soil invertebrate biomass tridae) inhabit these territories on the northern boundary of their nat- and are important ecosystem engineers [1]. Earthworms comprise ap- ural habitat. This fact has attracted the attention of researchers. proximately 4000–6000 described species, but this number probably Studying of the Drawida earthworms with respect to possible factors of only represents half of the actual worldwide diversity of the group origin and coexistence of closely related species on their areal border, [2,3]. In many cases, morphological identification of earthworm species along with the phylogeography and the evolution, is very important. is impeded by the lack of stable and easily observable morphological Representatives of the Moniligastridae family presumably invaded characters and a high level of phenotypic variability. There are 60 Southeast Asia after the collision of the Indian and Asian geological earthworm species that nominally inhabit Russian territory. Most of plateau during the Tertiary period, i.e. about 70 million years ago [5,6]. them belong to the family Lumbricidae [4]. Only on the southern “Drawida areal is from Primorsky Krai of Russia, China, Korea, Japan boundary of the Russian Far East in the Primorsky and Priamursky across Malaysia and East Asia to the Hindustan southern tip (if not to Regions (42°30’–49°30′ of northern latitude and 130°37’–137°03′ of Ceylon) and is wider than that of any other genus of earthworm” [[7], eastern longitude) are there another three megadrilid families, one of p. 676]. In the Northeast China provinces, closest to Russia, Drawida are which are representatives of Moniligastridae, and are widely dis- represented by 6 species [8], with 22 total species in China, 21 species tributed in Southeastern Asia. These regions are refuge territories for on the Korean peninsula, and 8 species in Japan [9]. ∗ Corresponding author. Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Far Eastern Federal University, 690051, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail address: [email protected] (D.M. Atopkin). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2018.02.004 Received 10 March 2017; Received in revised form 29 January 2018; Accepted 18 February 2018 1164-5563/ © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. G.N. Ganin, D.M. Atopkin European Journal of Soil Biology 86 (2018) 1–7 Table 1 List of taxa Drawida ghilarovi species-complex, incorporated into analysis. № Species (morph/form) n Location (Abb.) Acc. Number COI 16S 1 D. ghilarovi (black/epigeic) 3 Wetland, Nanaian region, Khabarovsk Territory (Nch) HG970197–HG970199 HG970212–HG970214 49°27′N, 136°46′E 2 D. ghilarovi (black/epigeic) 1 Wetland, Anyui Park, Kahabarovsk Territory (Ach) HG970203 HG970218 49°20′N, 137°03′E 3 D. ghilarovi (black/epigeic) 3 Wetland, Bastak Researve, Jewish Autonomous Region (Bch) HG970191–HG970193 HG970206–HG970208 48°59′N, 135°03′E 4 D. ghilarovi (black/epigeic) 3 Wetland, Chirki River, Khabarovsk Territory (Chch) HG970194-HG970196 HG970209-HG970211 48°09′N, 135°08′E 5 D. ghilarovi (black/epigeic) 3 Wetland, Razdol'naja River, Primorye Territory (Pch) HG970200–HG970202 HG970215–HG970217 43°33′N, 131°54′E 6 D. ghilarovi (black/epigeic) 1 Wetland, Like Khanka Reserv. Primorye Territory (KhCh) KY711475 KY711474 44°38′N, 132°49′E 7 D. ghilarovi (black/epigeic) 2 Wetland, v. Stolbowoe, Jewish Autonomous Region (Sch) KY711476–KY711477 KY711446–KY711447 47°54′N, 131°06 ′E 8 D. ghilarovi (grey/anecic) 1 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Ussurijskij Researve, Primorye Territory (Uz) HG970205 HG970220 43°33′N, 132°21′E 9 D. ghilarovi (grey/anecic) 3 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Shivki Mountain, Kahabarovsk Territory, Southern KY711499–KY711501 KY711468–KY711468 Sikhote-Alin (ShS) 47°00′N, 134°22′E 10 D. ghilarovi (grey/anecic) 1 Forest dark coniferous, Sikhote-Alin Reserv. Primorye Territory (Ss) KY711493 KY711459 44°59′N, 136°31′E 11 D. ghilarovi (grey/anecic) 2 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Sikhote-Alin Reserv. Primorye Territory (Ssk) KY711494–KY711495 KY711462–KY711463 45°13′N, 136°29′E 12 D. ghilarovi (grey/anecic) 3 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Biological Station “Gornotayozhnaya”, Primorye KY711482–KY711484 KY711450–KY711452 Territory (Gs) 43°41′N, 132°09′E 13 D. ghilarovi (grey/anecic) 1 Forest fir-broad-leaved, Kedrovaja Pad’ Researve, Primorye Territory (Ps) HG970204 HG970219 42°26′N, 130°37′E 14 D. ghilarovi (brown/anecic) 3 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Shivki Mountain, Southern Sikhote-Alin (ShK) KY711496–KY711498 KY711465–KY711465 47°00′N, 134°22′E 15 D. ghilarovi (brown/anecic) 2 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Sikhote-Alin Reserve, Primorye Territory (Sk) KY711491–KY711492 KY711460–KY711461 45°13′N, 136°29′E 16 D. ghilarovi (brown/anecic) 3 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Lazovsky Reserve, Primorye Territory (Lk) KY711485–KY711487 KY711453–KY711455 43°00′N, 133°44′E 17 D. ghilarovi (brown/anecic) 2 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Biological Station “Gornotayozhnaya”, Primorye KY711479–KY711480 KY711448–KY711449 Territory (Gk) 43°41′N, 132°09′E 18 D. ghilarovi (brown short/anecic) 3 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Marine Biological Station “Vostok”, Primorye Territory KY711512–KY711514 KY711439–KY711441 (Vkk) 42°56′N, 132°42′E 19 D. ghilarovi (brown elongate/ 1 Forest cedar-broad-leaved, Marine Biological Station “Vostok”, Primorye Territory KY711509 KY711438 anecic) (Vkd) 42°53′N, 132°44′E 20 D. ghilarovi (brown short/anecic) 1 Forest dark coniferous, Lazovsky Ridge, Primorye Territory (Lkk) KY711508 KY711442 43°30′N, 133°35′E 21 D. ghilarovi (brown elongate/ 1 Forest dark coniferous, Lazovsky Ridge, Primorye Territory (Lkd) KY711507 KY711443 anecic) 43°30′N, 133°35′E 22 D. bullata 1 Kumar et al., 2011 JN887894 No data 23 D. gracilis 2 Kumar et al., 2011 JN887887–JN887888 JN887899–JN887900 24 D. hattamimizu 2 Minamiya et al., 2010 AB543206, AB543227 No data 25 D. j. japonica 4 Chang et al., 2009 EF077597-EF077600 No data The possible presence of several species of this genus in the Russian endogeic, anecic and epigeic [15]. Anecic worms migrate vertically Primorje was mentioned in the mid-1970s [10], but only one species of from the capsule upwards towards the decomposed leaf litter. These this Indo-Malayan genus is still known from Russia [11]. Drawida ghi- worms are better adapted to the soil temperature extremes, but their larovi Gates, 1969 is an endemic species of the south of the Russian Far natural habitat is limited by soil drainage [16]. Epigeic worms live on East that is included in the Red Book of Russia and the Khabarovsk the soil surface or under leaf litter and selectively feed on fallen phy- Territory [12]. The earthworm specimens were first found in the Ke- tomass or rootlets within the humus. Epigeic species are hydrophilic drovaja Pad’ and Ussurijskiy forest reserves in the Primorje Territory, and better adapted to flooding [16]. Anecic and epigeic species are and were later described by Gates (1969) as a new species [7]. Later considered as earthworms that are ecologically replacing each other several colour morphs were found among different specimens of D. because of the great differences in extreme dampness conditions [15]. ghilarovi, which were dependent on their environments. Our research Anecic species are able to inhabit the subtropical climatic environments has registered three colour morphs (black, brown, grey) but only two (in our case, up to 47°northern latitude (NL)), and the epigeic species ecological forms (epigeic and anecic) of Drawida ghilarovi [13,14].
Recommended publications
  • Download Article (PDF)

    Download Article (PDF)

    Rec. zool. Surv. India: l08(Part-3) : 21-25,2008 EARTHWORMS OF NORTH 24 PARGANAS, WEST BENGAL PROBIR K. BANDYOPADHYAY*, C. K. MANDAL** AND AMLAN K. MITRA* * Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-74I 235, West Bengal, India INTRODUCTION Soil animals may play a range of roles in vineyards. Decomposers (some of which are opportunistic herbivores) are important in nutrient dynamics, because by reducing organic matter to its constituents, they liberate nutrients usable by grapevines. Earthworms are only part of the complex of organisms termed "decomposers" in agroecology. As noted by Charles Darwin in his 1882 classic, The Fonnation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Earthworms with Observations on Their Habits (Werner, 1990), earthworms process huge quantities of plant litter and help to convert it into rich topsoil, liberating nutrients for renewed plant growth. More recent studies show that earthworms can help to reduce soil compaction, improving permeability and aeration. Earthworms do this through burrowing activities, ingestion of soil along with plant debris, and subsequent excretion of casts. Upon drying, these casts form water-stable soil aggregates. These aggregates are clumps of soil particles bound together by organic compounds, and their presence helps to improve soil structure, retain nutrients that might otherwise be leached, and reduce the threat of erosion (Lee, 1985). Earthworms are increasingly recognized as indicators of agro-ecosystem health and as important tools for ensuring soil improvement and efficient nutrient cycling. In India, due to continuous biodiversity surveys of earthworms number of new species IS increasing day by day, although in comparison to more than 3000 global species (Stephenson, 1923), the number of Indian species is far less (only 390).
  • Annelida, Lumbricidae) - Description Based on Morphological and Molecular Data

    Annelida, Lumbricidae) - Description Based on Morphological and Molecular Data

    A new earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) - description based on morphological and molecular data The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Díaz Cosín, Darío J., Marta Novo, Rosa Fernández, Daniel Fernández Marchán, and Mónica Gutiérrez. 2014. “A new earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) - description based on morphological and molecular data.” ZooKeys (399): 71-87. doi:10.3897/zookeys.399.7273. http:// dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.7273. Published Version doi:10.3897/zookeys.399.7273 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12406906 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 399: A71–87 new (2014) earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n... 71 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.399.7273 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) - description based on morphological and molecular data Darío J. Díaz Cosín1,†, Marta Novo1,2,‡, Rosa Fernández1,3,§, Daniel Fernández Marchán1,|, Mónica Gutiérrez1,¶ 1
  • Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Identification Of

    Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Identification Of

    Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2016, 2 (1), 27-32; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v2i1.27565 Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online) www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr Article Identification of genera of tubificid worms in Bangladesh through morphological study Mariom*, Sharmin Nahar Liza and Md. Fazlul Awal Mollah Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh *Corresponding author: Mariom, Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 12 January 2016/Accepted: 17 January 2016/ Published: 31 March 2016 Abstract: Tubificids are aquatic oligochaete worms (F- Naididae, O- Haplotaxida, P- Annelida) distributed all over the world. The worms are very important as they are used as live food for fish and other aquatic invertebrates. A step was taken to identify the genera of tubicifid worms that exist in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh on the basis of some external features including the shape of their anterior (prostomium) and posterior end, number of body segment and arrangement of setae. The study result indicated the existence of three genera among the tubificid worms. These were Tubifex, Limnodrilus and Aulodrilus. All these three genera possessed a cylindrical body with a bilateral symmetry formed by a series of metameres. The number of body segments ranged from 34 to 120 in Tubifex, 50 to 87 in Limnodrilus, and 35 to 100 in Aulodrilus. In Tubifex, the first segment, with the prostomium, was round or triangular bearing appendages, whereas, in Limnodrilus and Aulodrilus, the prostomium without appendages was triangular and conical, respectively.
  • First Report of the Earthworm Pontoscolex

    First Report of the Earthworm Pontoscolex

    International Letters of Natural Sciences Submitted: 2017-10-27 ISSN: 2300-9675, Vol. 68, pp 1-8 Revised: 2017-12-20 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILNS.68.1 Accepted: 2018-01-30 CC BY 4.0. Published by SciPress Ltd, Switzerland, 2018 Online: 2018-04-12 First Report of the Earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) from Punjab, India Sharanpreet Singh1,2,a, Jaswinder Singh2,b*, Ayushi Sharma2,c, Adarsh Pal Vig1,d, Shakoor Ahmed3,e 1Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India 2Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India 3School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Endogeic, Oligochatae, Rhinodrilidae,Taxonomy Abstract: The earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) is reported for the first time from Punjab, India. This species was first described by German naturalist Fritz Müller in 1857 from Santa Catarina state of Brazil. It is commonly found in gardens, cropland and fallow lands. It tolerates wide range of climatic and edaphic factors due to its endogeic ecological category. P. corethrurus has high efficiency for organic matter assimilation and has ability to live in new habitat due to which it can survive even in very poor soil. The life cycle of this species is well documented and this species has economic importance due to its use in waste management. 1. Introduction There are total 505 earthworm’s species present in India; out of which 51 are exotic species [1, 2].
  • Chapter XXV —Class Oligochaeta

    Chapter XXV —Class Oligochaeta

    Chapter XXV —Class Oligochaeta (Aquatic Worms)- Phylum Annelida Oligochaetes are common in most freshwater habitats, but they are often ignored by freshwater biologists because they are thought to be extraordinarily difficult to identify. The extensive taxo- nomic work done since 1960 by Brinkhurst and others, however, has enabled routine identifica- tion of most of our freshwater oligochaetes from simple whole mounts. Some aquatic worms closely resemble terrestrial earthworms while others can be much narrower or thread-like. Many aquatic worms can tolerate low dissolved oxygen and may be found in large numbers in organi- cally polluted habitats. Aquatic worms can be distinguished by: (Peckarsky et al., 1990) • Body colour may be red, tan, brown or black. • Cylindrical, thin (some are very thin), segmented body may be upto 5 inches. • May have short bristles or hairs (setae) that help with movement (usually not visible). • Moves by stretching and pulling its body along in a worm-like fashion. Four families in the orders Tubificida and Lumbriculida are common in freshwater in northeastern North America: the Tubificidae, Naididae, Lumbriculidae, and Enchytraeidae. In addition, fresh- water biologists sometimes encounter lumbricine oligochaetes (order Lumbricina; the familiar earthworms), haplotaxid oligochaetes (order Haplotaxida; rare inhabitants of groundwater), Aeolosoma (class Aphanoneura; small worms once classified with the oligochaetes), and Manayunkia speciosa (class Polychaeta) in waters of northeastern North America. (Peckarsky et al., 1990). The two families, Naididae and Tubificidae form 80 to 100% of the annelid communi- ties in the benthos of most streams and lakes at all trophic levels. They range in size from 0.1 cm in Naididae to 3 or 4 cm in relaxed length in Lumbricidae, the family that contains the earth- worms.
  • Cretaceous Deposits and Flora of the Muravyov Amurskii Peninsula

    Cretaceous Deposits and Flora of the Muravyov Amurskii Peninsula

    ISSN 08695938, Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2015, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 281–299. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015. Original Russian Text © E.B. Volynets, 2015, published in Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, 2015, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 50–68. Cretaceous Deposits and Flora of the MuravyovAmurskii Peninsula (Amur Bay, Sea of Japan) E. B. Volynets Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia email: [email protected] Received August 21, 2013; in final form, March 24, 2014 Abstract—The Cretaceous sections and plant macrofossils are investigated in detail near Vladivostok on the MuravyovAmurskii Peninsula of southern Primorye. It is established that the Ussuri and Lipovtsy forma tions in the reference section of the Markovskii Peninsula rest with unconformity upon Upper Triassic strata. The continuous Cretaceous succession is revealed in the Peschanka River area of the northern Muravyov Amurskii Peninsula, where plant remains were first sampled from the lower and upper parts of the Korkino Group, which are determined to be the late Albian–late Cenmanian in age. The taxonomic composition of floral assemblages from the Ussuri, Lipovtsy, and Galenki formations is widened owing to additional finds of plant remains. The Korkino Group received floral characteristics for the first time. The Cretaceous flora of the peninsula is represented by 126 taxa. It is established that ferns and conifers are dominant elements of the Ussuri floral assemblage, while the Lipovtsy Assemblage is dominated by ferns, conifers, and cycadphytes. In addition, the latter assemblage is characterized by the highest taxonomic diversity. The Galenki Assemblage is marked by the first appearance of rare flowering plants against the background of dominant ferns and coni fers.
  • The European Fortifications on the Coast of the Pacific Ocean

    The European Fortifications on the Coast of the Pacific Ocean

    Scientific Journal of Latvia University of Agriculture Landscape Architecture and Art, Volume 10, Number 10 The European fortifications on the coast of the Pacific Ocean Nikolay Kasyanov, Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Moscow, Russia Abstract. In the Russian Empire during XIX and early XX centuries, fortresses were built and strengthened along the frontiers. We studied the architecture of the Far Eastern Russian cities-fortresses using as examples Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, Port Arthur (now Luishun) and mainly Vladivostok. Coastal fortresses significantly influenced the urban development of the Far Eastern cities. The architectural peculiarity of the fortress architecture at that period was associated with the transition from the brick and stone fortifications to the complex systems of monolithic reinforced concrete. In 1860, a military post with the expressive and geopolitically ambitious name "Vladivostok" ("Possess the East") was established. By the beginning of the XX century, Vladivostok became a rapidly growing city of the European culture and one of the most powerful marine fortresses in the world. The Vladivostok Fortress was an innovative project in early XX century and has distinctive features of the modern style (Art Nouveau), partly of the Russian and classical style in architecture, as well as an organic unity with the surrounding landscape. Plastic architectural masses with their non-linear shape are typical of the fortifications of Vladivostok. Vast and branching internal communication spaces link fort buildings, scattered on the surface and remote from each other. Huge, monumental forts located on the tops of mountains and fitted perfectly in the landscape are successful examples of landscape architecture.
  • A Region with Special Needs the Russian Far East in Moscow’S Policy

    A Region with Special Needs the Russian Far East in Moscow’S Policy

    65 A REGION WITH SPECIAL NEEDS THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN MOSCOW’s pOLICY Szymon Kardaś, additional research by: Ewa Fischer NUMBER 65 WARSAW JUNE 2017 A REGION WITH SPECIAL NEEDS THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN MOSCOW’S POLICY Szymon Kardaś, additional research by: Ewa Fischer © Copyright by Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia / Centre for Eastern Studies CONTENT EDITOR Adam Eberhardt, Marek Menkiszak EDITOR Katarzyna Kazimierska CO-OPERATION Halina Kowalczyk, Anna Łabuszewska TRANSLATION Ilona Duchnowicz CO-OPERATION Timothy Harrell GRAPHIC DESIGN PARA-BUCH PHOTOgrAPH ON COVER Mikhail Varentsov, Shutterstock.com DTP GroupMedia MAPS Wojciech Mańkowski PUBLISHER Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies ul. Koszykowa 6a, Warsaw, Poland Phone + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 Fax: + 48 /22/ 525 80 40 osw.waw.pl ISBN 978-83-65827-06-7 Contents THESES /5 INTRODUctiON /7 I. THE SPEciAL CHARActERISticS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AND THE EVOLUtiON OF THE CONCEPT FOR itS DEVELOPMENT /8 1. General characteristics of the Russian Far East /8 2. The Russian Far East: foreign trade /12 3. The evolution of the Russian Far East development concept /15 3.1. The Soviet period /15 3.2. The 1990s /16 3.3. The rule of Vladimir Putin /16 3.4. The Territories of Advanced Development /20 II. ENERGY AND TRANSPORT: ‘THE FLYWHEELS’ OF THE FAR EAST’S DEVELOPMENT /26 1. The energy sector /26 1.1. The resource potential /26 1.2. The infrastructure /30 2. Transport /33 2.1. Railroad transport /33 2.2. Maritime transport /34 2.3. Road transport /35 2.4.
  • Phylogenetic and Phenetic Systematics of The

    Phylogenetic and Phenetic Systematics of The

    195 PHYLOGENETICAND PHENETICSYSTEMATICS OF THE OPISTHOP0ROUSOLIGOCHAETA (ANNELIDA: CLITELLATA) B.G.M. Janieson Departnent of Zoology University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia 4067 Received September20, L977 ABSTMCT: The nethods of Hennig for deducing phylogeny have been adapted for computer and a phylogran has been constructed together with a stereo- phylogran utilizing principle coordinates, for alL farnilies of opisthopor- ous oligochaetes, that is, the Oligochaeta with the exception of the Lunbriculida and Tubificina. A phenogran based on the sane attributes conpares unfavourably with the phyLogralnsin establishing an acceptable classification., Hennigrs principle that sister-groups be given equal rank has not been followed for every group to avoid elevation of the more plesionorph, basal cLades to inacceptabl.y high ranks, the 0ligochaeta being retained as a Subclass of the class Clitellata. Three orders are recognized: the LumbricuLida and Tubificida, which were not conputed and the affinities of which require further investigation, and the Haplotaxida, computed. The Order Haplotaxida corresponds preciseLy with the Suborder Opisthopora of Michaelsen or the Sectio Diplotesticulata of Yanaguchi. Four suborders of the Haplotaxida are recognized, the Haplotaxina, Alluroidina, Monil.igastrina and Lunbricina. The Haplotaxina and Monili- gastrina retain each a single superfanily and fanily. The Alluroidina contains the superfamiJ.y All"uroidoidea with the fanilies Alluroididae and Syngenodrilidae. The Lurnbricina consists of five superfaniLies.
  • PICES Sci. Rep. No. 56, 2020

    PICES Sci. Rep. No. 56, 2020

    ISBN 978-1-927797-38-9 ISSN 1198-273X PICES SCIENTIFIC REPORT No. 56, 2020 Report of Working Group 31 on Emerging Topics in Marine Pollution PICES Scientific Report No. 56 2020 Report of Working Group 31 on Emerging Topics in Marine Pollution Edited by Juan José Alava, Olga N. Lukyanova, Peter S. Ross and Won Joon Shim February 2020 North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada www.pices.int PICES Scientific Reports Published since 1993, the PICES Scientific Report series includes final reports of PICES expert groups, proceedings of PICES workshops, data reports and reports of planning activities. Formal peer reviews of the scientific content of these publications are not generally conducted. PICES Scientific Reports can be found at: https://meetings.pices.int/publications/scientific-reports This report was developed under the guidance of the PICES Science Board and its Marine Environmental Quality Committee. The views expressed in this report are those of participating scientists under their responsibilities. Front cover From top: Killer whales (Orcinus orca) offshore from a pulp mill, Strait of Georgia (Photo credit: Dr. Lance Barrett-Lennard, Ocean Wise/Vancouver Aquarium); Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) entangled in netting gear in Baynes Sound, Strait of Georgia (Photo credit: courtesy of Denman Island resident, Association of Denman Island Marine Stewards-ADIMS); marine debris accumulation after the passing of a typhoon, Osaka Bay (Photo credit: Dr. Hideaki Maki, NIES); Kobe University T/S Fukae-maru undergoing antifouling procedure (Photo credit: Dr. Yohiji Yano, Kobe University). This document should be cited as follows: Alava, J.J., Lukyanova, O.N., Ross, P.S.
  • A Contribution to the Earthworm Diversity (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) of Kerala, a Component of the Western Ghats Biodiversity

    A Contribution to the Earthworm Diversity (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) of Kerala, a Component of the Western Ghats Biodiversity

    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 44.1 (2021) 117 A contribution to the earthworm diversity (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) of Kerala, a component of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India, using integrated taxonomy S. S. Thakur, A. R. Lone, N. Tiwari, S. K. Jain, S. W. James, S. Yadav Thakur, S. S., Lone, A. R., Tiwari, N., Jain, S. K., James, S. W., Yadav, S., 2021. A contribution to the earthworm diversity (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) of Kerala, a component of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India, using integrated taxonomy. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 44.1 117–137, Doi: https://doi.org/10.32800/ abc.2021.44.0117 Abstract A contribution to the earthworm diversity (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) of Kerala, a component of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India, using integrated taxonomy. Earthworms (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) of Chaliyar River Malappuram, Eravikulam National Park, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Periyar National Park, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary and Wayanad Forest, Kerala, a component of the hotspot of Western Ghats, India, were studied by the standard method of taxonomy, and their DNA barcode signatures using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) were generated for the first time. This study represents eleven species of earthworms of the family Moniligastridae: Drawida brunnea Stephenson, Drawida circumpapillata Aiyer, Drawida ghatensis Michaelsen, Drawida impertusa Stephenson, Drawida nilamburensis (Bourne), Drawida robusta (Bourne), Drawida scandens Rao, Drawida travancorense Michaelsen, Moniligaster aiyeri Gates, Moniligaster deshayesi Perrier, and Moniligaster gravelyi (Stephenson). In the phylogenetic analysis all the species were recovered in both neighbour–joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) trees with high clade support.
  • In the Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam, with Descriptions of Three New Species

    In the Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam, with Descriptions of Three New Species

    ZooKeys 932: 1–25 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.932.50314 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species Tung T. Nguyen1, Dang H. Lam1, Binh T. K. Trinh2, Anh D. Nguyen3,4 1 Department of Biology, School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam 2 Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development, Kien Giang University, Kien Giang, Vietnam 3 Duy Tan University, 254, Nguyen Van Linh, Da Nang, Vietnam 4 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resourc- es, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18, Hoangquocviet Rd., Caugiay District, Hanoi, Vietnam Corresponding author: Anh D. Nguyen ([email protected]) Academic editor: Samuel James | Received 28 January 2020 | Accepted 13 April 2020 | Published 12 May 2020 http://zoobank.org/6C64E085-E11A-4AEE-85EE-3443E296C8DF Citation: Nguyen TT, Lam DH, Trinh BTK, Nguyen AD (2020) The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314 Abstract The megascolecid earthworms of the Phu Quoc island are intensively investigated. Twelve species in three genera (Lampito Kinberg, 1867, Amynthas Kinberg, 1867, and Metaphire Sims & Easton, 1972) are re- corded. Of these, Metaphire doiphamon Bantaowong & Panha, 2016 is recorded for the first time in Vi- etnam, and three species are newly described, namely Amynthas catenatus sp. nov., A. phuquocensis sp. nov., and A. poropapillatus sp.