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Home , Cyclone Chapala, Cyclone Phet, Cyclone Tauktae

e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

CYCLONE ‘TAUKTAE’- OBSERVED THROUGH DATA & SATELLITE IMAGES Umangkumar Pandya*1, Shanu Khandelval*2, Harshal Sanghvi*3, Ekta Joshi*4, G.L. Vekaria*5, S.N.A. Jaaffrey*6, Mamataben Soni*7 *1,2Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute Of Science & Commerce, Gandhinagar, , India. *3Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, US. *4Nalanda Science College, Kudasan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. *5Sir P.T. Science College Modasa, Gujarat, India. *6,7Pacific Academy Of Higher Education And Research University, Udaipur, , India. ABSTRACT The Cyclone is right now classified as a “Very Severe Cyclonic Storm” and is the fifth-most cyclone twister ever in written history in the “”. It started in the “Arabian Sea” and was first seen by the Indian Meteorological Department on 13th May moving toward the east, and afterward consequently north, while heightening. The tempest moved along the shoreline of on 15th May, starting a fast increasing from a “Serious Cyclonic Storm” to a “Exceptionally Severe Cyclonic Storm”, and afterward to an “Incredibly Severe Cyclonic Storm”. The IMD classifies tropical storms into 7 different types, which rotates in an anti-clockwise direction into “Depression”, “Deep Depression”, “Cyclonic Storm”, “Severe Cyclonic Storm”, “Very Severe Cyclonic Storm”, “Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm”, and “Super Cyclonic Storm”. The last two have wind rates of more than 160 kmph and 220 kmph, separately. Keywords: Tauktae, Strom, Rain, Cyclone, Data, Satellite Images. I. INTRODUCTION India was pummelled on seventeenth May 2021 by the strongest storm on record to arrive at its west coast, hampering specialists' reaction to the Covid-19 (Khandelval, 2020; Soni et al., 2020; U Pandya, 2020) & Mucormycosis (Khandelval, 2021) emergency in a portion of the country's hardest hit areas. Typhoon Tauktae, a tempest with wind speeds identical to a high-end Category 3 tropical storm that was formed in the "Arabian Sea '', made landfall on seventeenth May 2021 night neighbourhood time in Gujarat. It reinforced marginally as it hit the western state with most extreme supported breezes of 205 kilometers each hour (125 mph), as per the United States' “Joint Typhoon Warning Center”. The word cyclone is accepted to have come from the Greek word kyklon which signifies “moving in a circle” or “whirling around”. This is because a cyclone contains high winds which rotate, or “whirl around” a central point. A twister is a space of shut, roundabout smooth movement pivoting a similar way as the Earth (Willis, 2010; Zou). Coriolis force is considered answerable for the turn of cyclones (Deo et al., 2012). The Coriolis Effect is brought about by the pivot of the Earth and the inactivity of the mass encountering the impact. Just the level part of the Coriolis force is by and large significant. In the Northern Hemisphere due to Coriolis force air stream begin spinning anticlockwise around low pressing factor region prompting development of cyclone Similarly in the southern Hemisphere the feeling of spinning of air stream is clockwise in the cyclone (Laan et al., 2017; Lydolph, 1985; van der Laan et al., 2016). Be that as it may, no cyclone is shaped at equator in light of the fact that Coriolis power is zero at the equator. Coriolis power is tiny, and its effects generally become perceptible just for movements happening over huge distances and significant stretches of time, like huge scope development of air in the climate or water in the sea. “Over the warm ocean”, water dissipates and forms mists. In the event that there is low gaseous tension where the mists are shaped, pulls them in and they begin to turn. It is the Coriolis power that makes the tornado's mists turn. Mists will continue to shape and begin turning more. It's the stage when it can shape into a foster tropical storm or lose its power Once twisters appear over land, their fortitude weakens and they begin to become dim. This is because of the absence of dampness and warmth compared with the sea over which it was formed. www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [249] e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

Cyclone Tauktae mean Tornado Tauktae (articulated as Tau'Te) got its name from India's adjoining nation , which signifies "Gecko", Gecko is an exceptionally vocal lizard in Burmese dialect. Cyclone Naming Global bodies like “World Meteorological Organisation” (WMO), “ Economic” and “Social Commission” for “Asia”, and the ‘Pacific give names to cyclones’. Besides, “Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres” (RSMC), as well as ‘ Warning Centres’, also prepare the names of cyclones. The “Indian Meteorological Department” “(IMD) is among six RSMCs in the world that have been mandated to name tropical cyclones in the north Indian Ocean region (Rathore et al., 2017)”. The ‘WMO’ and ‘UN ESCAP’ comprises (1)India (2)Myanmar (3) (4) (5)Thailand (6) and (7). In 2018, the “WMO” and “ESCAP” included five more countries (1)Iran (2)Qatar (3)Saudi Arabia (4), and (5). Last year, the ‘IMD’ released a list of 169 new cyclones, which were suggested by 13 countries. The cyclone is named to make it simpler for individuals to recollect and recognize the tempests. With a name, it is not difficult to make awareness and to convey cautions, and eliminate disarray where there are numerous cyclonic frameworks over an area. The next cyclone will be called 'Yaas', a name given by Oman. From that point forward, cyclone 'Gulab' will make landfall around there. Pakistan has recommended cyclone Gulab's name. According to the IMD, the cyclone that are probably going to hit the area in the coming months incorporate ‘Shaheen (the name given by Qatar)’, ‘Jawad (the name given by Saudi Arabia)’, ‘Asani (a name recommended by Sri Lanka)’, ‘Sitrang (a name proposed by Thailand)’, ‘Mandous (a name recommended by UAE)’, and ‘Mocha (a name proposed by Yemen)’. “NOAA Historical Hurricane Tracks database” 1. 125 mph, May 20, 1999, Cyclone 02A/ARB 01, Gujarat State, India 2. 125 mph, May 17, 2021, Cyclone Tauktae, Gujarat State, India 3. 120 mph, June 3, 2010, Cyclone Phet, Oman 4. 120 mph, June 9, 1998, Cyclone 03A/ARB 02, Gujarat State, India 5. 105 mph, June 6, 2007, , Oman

Figure 1.1 - As per the IMD, the track and intensity of the Cyclone Tauktae are given below: www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [250] e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

Image Source – IMD

Figure 1.2 - Winds of Cyclone Tauktae from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at 1:03 UTC, May 17, 2021. Winds as high as 81 knots (93 mph) were measured. (Image credit: NOAA STAR – Center for Satellite Applications and Research) Table 1.1 - Data of Cyclone Tauktae – 2021 (Source – zoom earth) No. Date Time *Type Wind Mb 24 Hours (km/h) 1 12 MAY 2021 17:30 D 45 1004 2 12 MAY 2021 23:30 B 35 1005 3 13 MAY 2021 05:30 B 35 1004 4 13 MAY 2021 11:30 D 45 1002 5 13 MAY 2021 17:30 D 55 1000 6 13 MAY 2021 23:30 D 55 1000 7 14 MAY 2021 05:30 D 55 997 8 14 MAY 2021 11:30 C 75 998 9 14 MAY 2021 17:30 C 75 996 10 14 MAY 2021 23:30 C 85 989 11 15 MAY 2021 05:30 C 95 989 www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [251] e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

12 15 MAY 2021 11:30 SC 100 986 13 15 MAY 2021 17:30 SC 110 979 14 15 MAY 2021 23:30 SC 120 976 15 16 MAY 2021 05:30 VC 140 972 16 16 MAY 2021 11:30 VC 165 962 17 16 MAY 2021 17:30 EC 185 952 18 16 MAY 2021 23:30 EC 205 941 19 17 MAY 2021 05:30 EC 220 935 20 17 MAY 2021 11:30 EC 215 939 21 17 MAY 2021 17:30 EC 205 949 22 17 MAY 2021 23:30 EC 205 942 23 18 MAY 2021 11:30 L 150 24 18 MAY 2021 23:30 L 95 25 19 MAY 2021 11:30 L 55 *({B = “Disturbance”}, {D = “Depression”}, {C = “Cyclonic Storm”}, {SC = “Severe Cyclonic Storm”}, {l = “Low pressure Area”}, {EC = “Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm”}, {VC = “Very Severe Cyclonic Storm”}) Table 1.2 -Cyclonic Disturbance Category Date/Time Maximum Sustained Speed Cyclonic Disturbance Category 17th May 2021 180-190 kmph to 150-160 “Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm” to “Very (3AM to 6PM) kmph by evening Severe Cyclonic Storm” 18th May 2021 (12 110-120 kmph to 70-80 kmph “Severe Cyclonic Storm to Cyclonic Storm” AM to 12 PM) by noon 19th May 2021 (12 40-50 kmph “Depression” AM) Increasing numbers of cyclones in changing times The “Arabian Sea” and the “Bay of Bengal” are both a piece of the Indian Ocean, which reaches out on the west along the 'African coast' and 'Madagascar' up to the '' and '', down toward the "North Indian Ocean" underneath India, along the 'Andaman Sea', and goes right to the 'Australian coast'. The West Indian Ocean ordinarily sees an amazingly modest number of cyclones and hurricanes. Somewhere in the range of 1891 and 2000, 48 tropical cyclones affected the west coast, of which 24 were extreme cyclonic tempests, while around 308 cyclones, including 103 “severe cyclonic storms”, affected the east bank of the country from the Bay of Bengal. Cyclones occur in the “pre-” months of May & June and the “post-monsoon” months of October & November (Singh et al., 2000). Among the cyclones that framed in the waters of the Bay of Bengal, more than 58% moved toward the coast during the October to November post-rainstorm season, while 30% did as such during pre-storm season. On the opposite side, just around 25% of the cyclones that framed in the "Arabian Sea", moved toward the coast during both pre- and post-rainstorm. In any case, in the previous few decades, the normal number of stroms empests to happen over the 'Arabian Sea' and the season when they do have both exhibited an evolving trend. In 2018, while the Bay of Bengal maintained its average of 4 cyclones a year, Arabian Sea gave rise to three instead of one. A year later, Arabian Sea saw 5 cyclones. Overall, there was a 32% rise in the number of cyclones between the years of “2014 and 2019”. The changing trends are consistent with “rising temperatures” in the ‘Indian Ocean’ (Saji et al., 2005). A 2014 study found that while the ‘temperature’ of the ‘Indian Ocean’ rose www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [252] e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com overall by “0.7 degrees Celsius”, the generally colder ‘Western Indian Ocean’ experienced an unexpected warming of ‘1.2 degrees Celsius’ in the summer. Additionally, cyclones over the Arabian Sea are also increasing in intensity (Rajeevan et al., 2013), driven by rising emissions and temperatures. Typically, an extremely severe cyclone occurs once every four to five years here. Between 1998 and 2013, only five extremely severe cyclones occurred in this part of the ocean. However, 2014 saw Cyclone “Nilofar” (Ali et al., 2020; Sarker, 2017) and 2015 saw “Chapala” (Sarker, 2018; Theußl et al., 2016) and “Megh”, all of which occurred in October and November. The rising surface temperatures of the waters over the Arabian Sea is thought to be a leading factor in the “increasing frequency” and “intensity” of cyclones over it (Rajeevan et al., 2013). Experts have also called for intensive monitoring of these waters for cyclones. Arabian Sea becoming Hotbed of Cyclones: Annually, five cyclones on average form in the “Bay of Bengal” and the “Arabian Sea” combined (Dube et al., 1997). of these, four develop in the Bay of Bengal, which is warmer than the “Arabian Sea”. In 2018, while the Bay of Bengal maintained its average of four cyclones a year, the “Arabian Sea” produced three cyclonic storms. In 2019, the “Arabian Sea” overtook the Bay of Bengal with five cyclones to three. In 2020, the “Bay of Bengal” produced three cyclonic storms while the Arabian Sea generated two. In recent years, meteorologists have observed that the Arabian Sea, too, has been warming. This is a phenomenon associated with global warming. It has been observed that the in the Arabian Sea has been rising for about 40 years. The increase in temperature is in the zone of 1.2-1.4 degree Celsius (Nandkeolyar et al., 2013). Tropical Cyclone: A typhoon is a serious round storm that begins over warm tropical seas and is described by low climatic pressing factor, high breezes, and substantial downpour. A trademark highlight of typhoons is the , a focal locale of clear skies, warm temperatures, and low air pressure (Hussain, 2019). Tempests of this kind are called "hurricanes" (Tannehill, 1956) in the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific and hurricanes in Southeast Asia and China. They are called tropical cyclones in the southwest Pacific and Indian Ocean locale and Willy-creeps in north-western Australia. Tempests turn counter clockwise in the northern half of the globe and clockwise in the southern side of the equator (Seehafer, 1990). The conditions favourable for the formation and intensification of tropical storms are: ● Large ocean surface with temperature higher than 27° C. ● Presence of the Coriolis power. ● A previous powerless low-pressure region or low-level-cyclonic dissemination. ● Upper difference over the ocean level framework.

Figure 1.3.1- Cyclone Tauktae Path on date 14th may and time period 17:30 to 16th may and time period 11:30 (Source - Zoom Earth) www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [253] e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

Figure 1.3.2 - Cyclone Tauktae Path on date 12th may and time period 17:30 to 14th may and time period 11:30 (Source - Zoom Earth)

Figure 1.3.3 - Cyclone Tauktae Path on date 16th may and time period 17:30 to 19th may and time period 11:30 (Source - Zoom Earth)

Figure 1.4 represents the Types of Cyclones www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [254] e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

Figure 1.5 – Wind Speed (km/h)

Figure 1.6- represents the Cyclone Pressure (mb) from date 12th may 2021 to 18th may 2021 As per figure 1.4 here we describe full form of Types {B = ‘Disturbance’}, {D = ‘Depression’}, {C = ‘Cyclonic Storm’}, {SC = ‘Severe Cyclonic Storm’}, {l = ‘Low Pressure Area’}, {EC = ‘Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm’}, {VC = ‘Very Severe Cyclonic Storm’}. II. CONCLUSION The powerful Cyclone Tauktae is currently classified as an “Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm'' and is the ‘fifth- strongest cyclone’ ever in recorded history in the “Arabian Sea”. It originated in the Arabian Sea and was first www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [255] e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com observed by the Indian Meteorological Department on 13th May,2021 moving eastward, and then subsequently north, while intensifying. The storm moved along the coast of Karnataka on 15th May,2021 beginning a from a “Severe Cyclonic Storm'' to a “Very Severe Cyclonic Storm”, and then to an “Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm”. The IMD categorises tropical storms, which rotate in an anti-clockwise direction, into “Depression”, “Deep Depression”, “Cyclonic Storm'', “Severe Cyclonic Storm”, “Very Severe Cyclonic Storm”, “Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm”, and “Super Cyclonic Storm”. Cyclone Start Point 12th May 2021 at that time at 17:30 time period the wind speed was 45 km/h and Cyclone End Point 19th May 2021 at 11:30 time period the wind speed was 55 km/h. The last two have wind speeds of over 160 kmph and 220 kmph, respectively as per result described in figure 1.5 Peak point of the wind speed was 220 km/h on date 17th May 2021 and time period was 05:30. Our results in reference to Figure 1.4 and Figure 1.6, the Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm time period was 16th May,2021 at 23:30 hrs. At that time wind speed was 185 km/h and Pressure was 952 mb and EC ending point on 17th May,2021 23:30 hrs. At that time the wind speed was 205 km/h and pressure was 943 mb. As per our graph, the cyclone started on 12th May 2021 at a time period of 17:30 hrs. and pressure was high 1004 mb and the last result of pressure was 942 mb on 17th May 2021 at 23:30 hrs. so starting point pressure was high and ending point pressure was low. The presence of 'Tauktae in the Arabian Sea' at this time of the session is concerning, and closely follows the very visible trend of an increasing number of severe, strong cyclones in the sea. The frequency and intensity of cyclones in the Arabian Sea have increased in recent years. This is because of the quick warming that has made the relatively cooler 'Arabian Sea' (compared to the 'Bay of Bengal') a warm pool region that can actively support cyclone formation. It developed into a low-pressure system earlier than forecasted. As of now, it is forecasted to develop into a cyclone by May 16. Given that the ocean and atmospheric conditions are now favourable, chances of early cyclone formation and rapid intensification cannot be ruled out. III. REFERENCES [1] Ali, S. A. et al. (2020). Satellite Evidence of Upper Ocean Responses to . Atmosphere- Ocean, 58(1), 13-24. [2] Deo, A.Ganer, D., & Salvekar, P. (2012). 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