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Media Discourses of Nation and Cultural Differences: a Case Study of Westdeutscher Rundfunk Media discourses of nation and cultural differences: a case study of Westdeutscher Rundfunk Krtalić Muiesan, Iva Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2019 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zadar / Sveučilište u Zadru Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:162:121978 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-01 Repository / Repozitorij: University of Zadar Institutional Repository of evaluation works SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU POSLIJEDIPLOMSKI SVEUČILIŠNI STUDIJ HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI Iva Krtalić Muiesan MEDIA DISCOURSES OF NATION AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES: A CASE STUDY OF WESTDEUTSCHER RUNDFUNK Doktorski rad Zadar, 2019. SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU POSLIJEDIPLOMSKI SVEUČILIŠNI STUDIJ HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI Iva Krtalić Muiesan MEDIA DISCOURSES OF NATION AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES: A CASE STUDY OF WESTDEUTSCHER RUNDFUNK Doktorski rad Mentorica Izv. prof. dr. sc. Senka Božić-Vrbančić Zadar, 2019. UNIVERSITY OF ZADAR BASIC DOCUMENTATION CARD I. Author and study Name and surname: Iva Krtalić Muiesan Name of the study programme: Postgraduate doctoral study in Humanities Mentor: Associate professor Senka Božić-Vrbančić, PhD Date of the defence: May 8th, 2019 Scientific area and field in which the PhD is obtained: Humanities, Interdisciplinary humanities II. Doctoral dissertation Title: Media discourses of nation and cultural differences: A case study of Westdeutscher Rundfunk UDC mark: 316.774:654.1>(430) Number of pages: 311 Number of pictures/graphical representations/tables: 7/0/0 Number of notes: 78 Number of used bibliographic units and sources: 377 Number of appendices: 2 Language of the doctoral dissertation: English III. Expert committees Expert committee for the evaluation of the doctoral dissertation: 1. Associate Professor Tomislav Pletenac, PhD, chair 2. Associate Professor Senka Božić-Vrbančić, PhD, member 3. Assistant Professor Duško Petrović, PhD, member Expert committee for the defence of the doctoral dissertation: 1. Associate Professor Tomislav Pletenac, PhD, chair 2. Associate Professor Senka Božić-Vrbančić, PhD, member 3. Assistant Professor Duško Petrović, PhD, member SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA I. Autor i studij Ime i prezime: Iva Krtalić Muiesan Naziv studijskog programa: Poslijediplomski sveučilišni studij Humanističke znanosti Mentor/Mentorica: Izv. prof. dr. sc. Senka Božić-Vrbančić Datum obrane: 8. svibnja 2019. Znanstveno područje i polje u kojem je postignut doktorat znanosti: Humanističke znanosti, Interdisciplinarne humanističke znanosti II. Doktorski rad Naslov: Medijski diskursi nacije i kulturne različitosti na primjeru Westdeutscher Rundfunka UDK oznaka: 316.774:654.1>(430) Broj stranica: 311 Broj slika/grafičkih prikaza/tablica: 7/0/0 Broj bilježaka: 78 Broj korištenih bibliografskih jedinica i izvora: 377 Broj priloga: 2 Jezik rada: engleski III. Stručna povjerenstva Stručno povjerenstvo za ocjenu doktorskog rada: 1. Izv. prof. dr. sc. Tomislav Pletenac, predsjednik 2. Izv. prof. dr. sc. Senka Božić-Vrbančić, članica 3. Doc. dr. sc. Duško Petrović, član Stručno povjerenstvo za obranu doktorskog rada: 1. Izv. prof. dr. sc. Tomislav Pletenac, predsjednik 2. Izv. prof. dr. sc. Senka Božić-Vrbančić, članica 3. Doc. dr. sc. Duško Petrović, član Izjava o akademskoj čestitosti Ja, Iva Krtalić Muiesan, ovime izjavljujem da je moj doktorski rad pod naslovom Media discourses of nation and cultural differences: A case study of Westdeutscher Rundfunk / Medijski diskursi nacije i kulturne različitosti na primjeru Westdeutscher Rundfunka rezultat mojega vlastitog rada, da se temelji na mojim istraživanjima te da se oslanja na izvore i radove navedene u bilješkama i popisu literature. Ni jedan dio mojega rada nije napisan na nedopušten način, odnosno nije prepisan iz necitiranih radova i ne krši bilo čija autorska prava. Izjavljujem da ni jedan dio ovoga rada nije iskorišten u kojem drugom radu pri bilo kojoj drugoj visokoškolskoj, znanstvenoj, obrazovnoj ili inoj ustanovi. Sadržaj mojega rada u potpunosti odgovara sadržaju obranjenoga i nakon obrane uređenoga rada. Zadar, lipanj 2019. i Table of contents Introduction 1 0.1 Media and cultural diversity in Germany: research aim and questions 1 0.2 Research approach, methodology and overview of the thesis 5 0.2.1 Outline of the thesis 8 Part I Chapter 1 12 Nation, difference and diversity: key concepts 12 1.1 The concepts of culture, power, nation and identity 13 1.2 Governmentality and media as spaces of articulation of difference 23 Chapter 2 Contestations around identity issues – migration, multiculturalism, integration, assimilation, interculturalism 31 2.1 Migration and multiculturalism 31 2.2 The “multiculturalism backlash” 43 2.3 Looking for alternatives – diversity and super-diversity 49 2.4 Integration 59 2.5 Tolerance 62 Chapter 3 Media and multiculturalism 68 3.1 Media and citizenship in multiculturalism 68 3.2 Media texts and national fantasy 76 Part II 79 Chapter 4 Migration and cultural difference in Germany 79 4.1 Historical overview of concepts 79 4.2 Media and multiculturalism in Germany 92 4.2.1 Media and multiculturalism in Germany – literature overview 98 ii Part III 105 Chapter 5 Funkhaus Europa – transformations of a radio brand 107 5.1. Introduction 107 5.2 Funkhaus Europa – Integration radio 108 5.3 Change of paradigm – from an ethnic to a cosmopolitan station 110 5.4 The Roots project 113 5.5 Funkhaus Europa 2007 – Unity in diversity 117 5.6 Funkhaus Europa 2011 – Global Sounds Radio 121 5.7 Closing remarks 128 Chapter 6 Radio makers of Funkhaus Europa 131 6.1 Introduction 131 6.2 Yildiz 134 6.3 Amir 140 6.4 Miltiadis 145 6.5 Ioannis 148 6.6 Uwe 151 6.7 Thomas 153 6.8 Closing remarks 159 Chapter 7 Ideal-type audience – Sami and Carla 162 7.1 Introduction: Funkhaus Europa and imagined ideal listeners 162 7.2 Ideal listeners – Sami and Carla 168 Part IV 180 Chapter 8 Tolerance Week 183 8.1 Thematic weeks of the German public service media 183 8.2 ARD Tolerance Week 186 8.3 Preparing the ARD Tolerance Week 191 iii 8.4 Patrons and advertising campaign of Tolerance Week 196 Chapter 9 Conclusion 206 Bibliography 223 Abstract 250 Appendix 1 Transcripts of interviews with Funkhaus Europa radio makers 255 Appendix 2 List of figures 309 Curriculum vitae 310 1 Introduction 0.1 Media and cultural diversity in Germany: research aim and questions Germany is a country of migration and continues to be so, increasingly becoming a society of diverse ethnic and cultural identities. In institutional politics, or in the media, this reality is, however, often represented in a fragmented, sometimes belated, or even contradictory manner. This dissertation looks at ways the cultural politics of difference, nation, identity, and citizenship are embedded and articulated in the media. It does so by using the example of a set of programs – a radio station and a media event - by German public service broadcasters specifically dedicated to multicultural life in the country. The thesis identifies and examines core notions of “difference” and the ways these are figured in media discourses about multiculturalism, focusing on concepts such as integration, tolerance, multiculturalism, and cosmopolitanism. It looks at how the vectors of power and knowledge have intersected in these concepts, and how these have moved and developed over time. “Securing an independent basic provision with education, information, guidance and entertainment”,1 is how the German legislation on the media defines the remit of the public service broadcasters. Established after the end of the Second World War, the German public service media were explicitly endowed with the task of contributing to the formation of individual and public opinion, and in this way also of a functioning democratic polity. However, seven decades after their establishment, it is worthwhile looking at how the German public service media cope with a social situation that is quite different from that in the aftermath of the Second World War, when they were founded in the course of the denazification of the country. How do the public service media shape society’s ideas in times of growing cultural diversity within the society? How do they go about creating “public value” 1 The remit of the public service media is regulated by the German State Treaty on Broadcasting Services and Telecommunication Media. The Treaty among the 16 German federal Länder concretizes the provision of the German Constitutional Law that guarantees freedom of opinion and freedom of the press as a fundamental right. Staatsvertrag für Rundfunk und Telemedien (Rundfunkstaatsvertrag – RStV), https://recht.nrw.de/lmi/owa/br_bes_text?anw_nr=2&gld_nr=2&ugl_nr=2251&bes_id=12784&aufgehoben=N& menu=1&sg=0, accessed 17/08/2018 2 in the context of political controversies over cultural diversity and immigration? What type of “information, education and entertainment” do they offer and what are the processes through which they obtain social significance? Today, over one fifth of the inhabitants of Germany have a so-called migration background, defined either as having immigrated themselves or being children of at least one parent who has immigrated into the country. In some urban areas, almost half of the inhabitants have a migration biography, with Frankfurt being the first city in Germany whose ethnic German population made up less than half of the number of its inhabitants in 2017.2 How do the media portray this transformation of the German society? How
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