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A Needs Assessment Study on Roma and Egyptian Communities in Albania

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A Needs Assessment Study on Roma and Egyptian Communities in Albania A Needs Assessment Study on Roma and Egyptian Communities in Albania 1 A Needs Assessment Study on Roma and Egyptian Communities in Albania TIRANA, 29 FEBRUARY 2012 Center for Economic and Social Studies (CESS) This study was made possible by the financial support of the One UN Programme “Empowering Vulnerable Local Communities of Albania” . Any opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and other experts consulted and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Organisation or its Agencies. The programme promotes policies and institutional strengthening for social inclusion of vulnerable communities through capacity building and assistance to local and central government institutions; capacity building and partnership strengthening for Roma and Egyptian NGOs. The project is implemented in four Albanian regions: Tirana, Elbasan, Fier and Durres and it is funded by the UN Trust Fund for Human Security with the support of the Government of Japan. Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 AcKNOWLEDGEMENts .........................................................................................................................................................................................11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................................................................................................13 I. A BRIEF OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................16 1.1. THE ORIGINS OF ROMA AND EGYPTIANS ..........................................................................................................................16 1.2. ROMA AND EGYPTIANS DURING THE SOCIALIST PERIOD.........................................................................................17 1.3. ROMA AND EGYPTIANS DURING THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION PERIOD ................................ 17 1.4. TWO DISTINct GROUPS ..............................................................................................................................................................18 1.5 RELATIONS OF ALBANIANS WITH THE ROMA AND EGYPTIANS.............................................................................18 1.6 ROMA DIVERSITY ...........................................................................................................................................................................18 II. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................19 2.1. OBJEctIVES AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ......................................................................................................................19 2.2. MEthodologY ..............................................................................................................................................................................19 III. SOME DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROMA AND EGYPTIAN POPULATIONS IN ALBANIA ............... 22 3.1. HIGHER BIRTH RATE AND A YOUNGER POPULATION STRUctURE .....................................................................................22 3.2. FAMILY coMPOSITION .................................................................................................................................................................22 IV. HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................................................24 4.1. HOUSING AND INFRASTRUctURE IN ROMA coMMUNITIES .................................................................................................25 4.2. HOUSING AND INFRASTRUctURE IN EGYPTIAN coMMUNITIES ..........................................................................25 4.3. CONCLUSIONS AND REcoMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................26 V. HEALTH SITUATION OF ROMA AND EGYPTIANS ...................................................................................29 5.1. ROMA AND EGYPTIANS’ SELF-aSSESSMENT OF THEIR HEAlth SITUATION ....................................................29 5.2. THE HEAlth STATUS OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN ........................................................................................................29 5.3. MAIN FActoRS coNTRIBUTING to THE POOR HEAlth STATUS ......................................................................................31 5.4. FAMILY PLANNING ..........................................................................................................................................................................33 5.5. CONCLUSIONS AND REcoMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................34 VI. WELFARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES ..........................................................................................................36 6.1. EcoNOMIC ASSISTANCE .............................................................................................................................................................37 6.2. PENSIONS FOR THE ELDERLY ....................................................................................................................................................38 6.3. DISABILITY PAYMENts ..................................................................................................................................................................38 6.4. UNEMploYMENT BENEFIts.......................................................................................................................................................39 6.5. BENEFIts FOR ORPHANS .............................................................................................................................................................39 6.6. CONCLUSIONS AND REcoMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................39 VII. EMPLOYMENT ........................................................................................................................................41 7.1. THE INFORMALITY FActoR AND othER SHARED FEATURES OF ROMA AND EGYPTIANS .....................41 7.2. ROMA EMploYMENT PROFILE .................................................................................................................................................41 7.3. EGYPTIAN EMploYMENT PROFILE ........................................................................................................................................42 7.4. CONCLUSIONS AND REcoMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................42 VIII. INTERNAL AND INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF ROMA AND EGYPTIANS ....................................44 8.1. INTERNAL MIGRATION ..................................................................................................................................................................44 8.2. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ....................................................................................................................................................45 8.3. potENTIAL MIGRATION............................................................................................................................................................. 48 8.4. RETURN MIGRATION ......................................................................................................................................................................49 8.5. CONCLUSIONS AND REcoMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................50 IX. EDUCATION .............................................................................................................................................52 9.1. BARRIERS to CHILDREN’S EDUCATION ...............................................................................................................................52 9.2. POVERTy-reLATED BARRIERS ..................................................................................................................................................53 9.3. INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS ..........................................................................................................................................................55 9.4. LIFESTYLE IMPLICATIONS ...........................................................................................................................................................56 9.5. IMPORTANCE OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION......................................................................................................................57 9.6. CONCLUSIONS AND REcoMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................58 X. SOCIAL CAPITAL: ROMA AND EGYPTIAN INTEGRATION ......................................................................60 XI. BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................................64
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