DOCSLIB.ORG

Novelties in the Hornwort Flora of Croatia and Southeast Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Novelties in the Hornwort Flora of Croatia and Southeast Europe cryptogamie Bryologie 2019 ● 40 ● 22 DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION : Bruno David, Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTEURS EN CHEF / EDITORS-IN-CHIEF : Denis LAMY ASSISTANTS DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITORS : Marianne SALAÜN ([email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Marianne SALAÜN RÉDACTEURS ASSOCIÉS / ASSOCIATE EDITORS Biologie moléculaire et phylogénie / Molecular biology and phylogeny Bernard GOFFINET Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut (United States) Mousses d’Europe / European mosses Isabel DRAPER Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) Francisco LARA GARCÍA Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) Mousses d’Afrique et d’Antarctique / African and Antarctic mosses Rysiek OCHYRA Laboratory of Bryology, Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Pologne) Bryophytes d’Asie / Asian bryophytes Rui-Liang ZHU School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai (China) Bioindication / Biomonitoring Franck-Olivier DENAYER Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Lille, Laboratoire de Botanique et de Cryptogamie, Lille (France) Écologie des bryophytes / Ecology of bryophyte Nagore GARCÍA MEDINA Department of Biology (Botany), and Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) COUVERTURE / COVER : Extraits d’éléments de la Figure 2 / Extracts of the Figure 2 Cryptogamie, Bryologie est indexé dans / Cryptogamie, Bryologie is indexed in: – Biological Abstracts – Current Contents – Science Citation Index – Publications bibliographiques du CNRS (Pascal). Cryptogamie, Bryologie est distribué en version électronique par / Cryptogamie, Bryologie is distributed electronically by: – BioOne® (http://www.bioone.org) Cryptogamie, Bryologie est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris Cryptogamie, Bryologie is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Adansonia, Geodiversitas, Zoosystema, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Naturae, Cryptogamie sous-sections Algologie, Mycologie. Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. : 33 (0)1 40 79 48 05 / Fax : 33 (0)1 40 79 38 40 [email protected] / http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2019 ISSN (imprimé / print) : 1290-0796 / ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1776-0992 Novelties in the hornwort flora of Croatia and Southeast Europe Anja RIMAC Vedran ŠEGOTA Antun ALEGRO Nikola KOLETIĆ Nina VUKOVIĆ Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20/II, 10000 Zagreb (Croatia) [email protected] (corresponding author) Submitted on 27 March 2019 | Accepted on 21 August 2019 | Published on 11 December 2019 Rimac A., Šegota V., Alegro A., Koletić N. & Vuković N. 2019. — Novelties in the hornwort flora of Croatia and South- east Europe. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 40 (22): 289-295. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2019v40a22. http://cryptogamie.com/bryologie/40/22 ABSTRACT Hornworts are globally the least diverse bryophyte group with respect to species number, with only eight species known from Europe. As for Croatia, only two species are listed in the available litera- ture, with most recent record being more than 85 years old. Our study carried out in Central Croatia KEY WORDS identified three new species for the hornwort flora, including two new genera – Notothylas Sull. ex. Anthoceros agrestis, Notothylas orbicularis, A. Gray and Anthoceros L. Our finding of very rare Natura 2000 species Notothylas orbicularis (Sch- Phaeoceros carolinianus, wein.) A. Gray, reported hitherto only from four Central European countries, is the first in Southeast rare species, Europe and the southernmost in Europe. Furthermore, we recorded Anthoceros agrestis Paton and Southeast Europe, Croatia, Phaeoceros carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk., which are either very rare or, more likely, overlooked and new records. understudied in Southeast Europe. RÉSUMÉ Anthocérotes nouvelles pour la flore de Croatie et du sud-est de l’Europe. Dans le groupe des bryophytes, les anthocérotes sont les moins nombreuses en terme de nombre d’espèces ; huit espèces seulement sont répertoriées en Europe. Pour la Croatie, seules deux espèces sont mentionnées dans la littérature disponible, l’observation la plus récente date de plus de 85 ans. Notre étude en Croatie centrale a permis d’identifier trois nouvelles espèces pour la flore des antho- MOTS CLÉS cérotes, dont deux nouveaux genres – Notothylas Sull. ex. A. Gray et Anthoceros L. C’est la première Anthoceros agrestis, Notothylas orbicularis, fois que la très rare Notothylas orbicularis, espèce Natura 2000, est signalée dans le sud-est de l’Europe Phaeoceros carolinianus, et il s’agit de sa station européenne la plus méridionale. Jusqu’à présent, elle était signalée dans quatre espèces rares, pays d’Europe centrale. En outre, nous avons observé Anthoceros agrestis Paton et Phaeoceros caroli- Europe du sud-est, Croatie, nianus (Michx.) Prosk., qui sont très rares ou plus probablement négligées et sous-étudiées dans le signalements nouveaux. sud-est de l’Europe. CRYPTOGAMIE, BRYOLOGIE • 2019 • 40 (22) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.cryptogamie.com/bryologie 289 Rimac A. et al. INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS Hornworts are the smallest bryophyte group with respect to The field study was performed in April 2013 and August species diversity, with an estimated 200-250 species worldwide 2018 in the surroundings of Nebojan Village in the central (Villarreal et al. 2010), which is quite low in comparison to the part of Croatia. The area is rural with traditional households, liverworts and mosses, which have 7000-9000 (Konrat et al. hay meadows and arable land dominating the landscape. The 2010; Söderström et al. 2016) and 11 000-13 000, respectively climate in the area is temperate humid with warm summers (Magill 2010; Söderström et al. 2016). Considering hornwort (Filipčić 1998; Šegota & Filipčić 2003). Annual mean air species diversity across the world, the tropics are the richest, temperature is 11°C, while mean air temperatures in January particularly tropical Asia (60 spp.), the Indian subcontinent and August are 0.1 and 21.5°C, respectively. Annual precipi- (58 spp.) and the Neotropics (49 spp.) (Villarreal et al. 2010). tation in the area is 907.5 mm, ranging from 79.2 to 95.1 By contrast, only four genera with altogether eight species mm during the summer months (means 1949-2017, Croa- have been recognised in Europe so far – Anthoceros L. with tian Meteorological and Hydrological Service). Regarding four species, Phaeoceros Prosk. with two and Notothylas Sull. the pedology of the area, the most common soil types are ex. A. Gray and Phymatoceros Stotler, W. T. Doyle & Crand.- clayey-loamy and loamy soils. Stotl. with one species each (Hodgetts 2015). During the study, the habitats suitable for hornwort species From Southeast Europe, only five species from three were inspected and a list of bryophytes was made at localities genera have been reported – Anthoceros agrestis Paton, that housed the hornworts. Furthermore, available data on A. punctatus L., Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk., P. carolinianus hornworts from the literature and herbaria were examined. (Michx.) Prosk. and Phymatoceros bulbiculosus (Brot.) Stot- The nomenclature of bryophytes follows Ros et al. (2007, ler, W. T. Doyle & Crand.-Stotl. (Sabovljević & Natcheva 2013). Collected specimens were deposited in herbarium 2006; Hodgetts 2015). ZA (Thiers 2019). As for Croatia, data on hornwort diversity can be obtained from several checklists (Pavletić 1955; Düll 1999; Sabovljević 2003; Sabovljević & Natcheva 2006; Ros et al. 2007; Hodg- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION etts 2015; Alegro & Šegota 2019), all of them listing only two species – Phaeceros laevis and Phymatoceros bulbiculosus. Identification of collected hornwort specimens revealed three These lists are compilations of old literature data, while no new national records, increasing the richness of Croatian recent records of these species have been made in Croatia. To bryophyte flora to 711 taxa – 544 mosses, 162 liverworts a considerable extent, this is a result of insufficient research and five hornworts. The newly recorded species are described into the bryophytes of Croatia and Southeast Europe, areas in detail below, while their distribution is shown in Fig. 1. that are recognized as less investigated than other parts of Europe (Sabovljević et al. 2011). Although significant pro- gress has been made during the past decade (e.g. Papp & Anthoceros agrestis Paton Sabovljević 2009; Papp et al. 2013a, b, c; Alegro et al. 2014, 2015, 2019), continuous reporting of new species SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — Croatia. Nebojan Village, open ground in a hazelnut plantation, 45.4818°N, 16.1976°E, 190 m a.s.l., 20.IV.2013, indicates that knowledge of bryophyte flora is still insuffi- leg. Rimac A., det. Rimac A. & Šegota V., ZA[ZA49732]; Ibidem, cient, highlighting the need for additional field surveys in open ground on the lawn in a yard, 45.4959°N, 16.2038°E, 176 Croatia. Regarding the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 1-1 Introduction
    Glime, J. M. 2017. Introduction. Chapt. 1. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological Ecology. Ebook sponsored 1-1-1 by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 25 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 1-1 INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Thinking on a New Scale .................................................................................................................................... 1-1-2 Adaptations to Land ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1-3 Minimum Size..................................................................................................................................................... 1-1-5 Do Bryophytes Lack Diversity?.......................................................................................................................... 1-1-6 The "Moss".......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1-7 What's in a Name?............................................................................................................................................... 1-1-8 Phyla/Divisions............................................................................................................................................ 1-1-8 Role of Bryology................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phytotaxa, a Synthesis of Hornwort Diversity
    Phytotaxa 9: 150–166 (2010) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2010 • Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) A synthesis of hornwort diversity: Patterns, causes and future work JUAN CARLOS VILLARREAL1 , D. CHRISTINE CARGILL2 , ANDERS HAGBORG3 , LARS SÖDERSTRÖM4 & KAREN SUE RENZAGLIA5 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269; [email protected] 2Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian National Herbarium, Australian National Botanic Gardens, GPO Box 1777, Canberra. ACT 2601, Australia; [email protected] 3Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496; [email protected] 4Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [email protected] 5Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901; [email protected] Abstract Hornworts are the least species-rich bryophyte group, with around 200–250 species worldwide. Despite their low species numbers, hornworts represent a key group for understanding the evolution of plant form because the best–sampled current phylogenies place them as sister to the tracheophytes. Despite their low taxonomic diversity, the group has not been monographed worldwide. There are few well-documented hornwort floras for temperate or tropical areas. Moreover, no species level phylogenies or population studies are available for hornworts. Here we aim at filling some important gaps in hornwort biology and biodiversity. We provide estimates of hornwort species richness worldwide, identifying centers of diversity. We also present two examples of the impact of recent work in elucidating the composition and circumscription of the genera Megaceros and Nothoceros.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Review Cover Image: Hedgehog by Keith Kirk
    Dumfries & Galloway Wildlife Review Cover Image: Hedgehog by Keith Kirk. Keith is a former Dumfries & Galloway Council ranger and now helps to run Nocturnal Wildlife Tours based in Castle Douglas. The tours use a specially prepared night tours vehicle, complete with external mounted thermal camera and internal viewing screens. Each participant also has their own state- of-the-art thermal imaging device to use for the duration of the tour. This allows participants to detect animals as small as rabbits at up to 300 metres away or get close enough to see Badgers and Roe Deer going about their nightly routine without them knowing you’re there. For further information visit www.wildlifetours.co.uk email [email protected] or telephone 07483 131791 Contributing photographers p2 Small White butterfly © Ian Findlay, p4 Colvend coast ©Mark Pollitt, p5 Bittersweet © northeastwildlife.co.uk, Wildflower grassland ©Mark Pollitt, p6 Oblong Woodsia planting © National Trust for Scotland, Oblong Woodsia © Chris Miles, p8 Birdwatching © castigatio/Shutterstock, p9 Hedgehog in grass © northeastwildlife.co.uk, Hedgehog in leaves © Mark Bridger/Shutterstock, Hedgehog dropping © northeastwildlife.co.uk, p10 Cetacean watch at Mull of Galloway © DGERC, p11 Common Carder Bee © Bob Fitzsimmons, p12 Black Grouse confrontation © Sergey Uryadnikov/Shutterstock, p13 Black Grouse male ©Sergey Uryadnikov/Shutterstock, Female Black Grouse in flight © northeastwildlife.co.uk, Common Pipistrelle bat © Steven Farhall/ Shutterstock, p14 White Ermine © Mark Pollitt,
    [Show full text]
  • Anthocerotophyta
    Glime, J. M. 2017. Anthocerotophyta. Chapt. 2-8. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological Ecology. Ebook 2-8-1 sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 5 June 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 2-8 ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA TABLE OF CONTENTS Anthocerotophyta ......................................................................................................................................... 2-8-2 Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 2-8-10 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................... 2-8-10 Literature Cited .......................................................................................................................................... 2-8-10 2-8-2 Chapter 2-8: Anthocerotophyta CHAPTER 2-8 ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA Figure 1. Notothylas orbicularis thallus with involucres. Photo by Michael Lüth, with permission. Anthocerotophyta These plants, once placed among the bryophytes in the families. The second class is Leiosporocerotopsida, a Anthocerotae, now generally placed in the phylum class with one order, one family, and one genus. The genus Anthocerotophyta (hornworts, Figure 1), seem more Leiosporoceros differs from members of the class distantly related, and genetic evidence may even present
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of the Interior Highlands of North America in Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri and Oklahoma
    Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of the Interior Highlands of North America In Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri and Oklahoma Stephen L. Timme T. M. Sperry Herbarium ‐ Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg, Kansas 66762 and 3 Bowness Lane Bella Vista, AR 72714 [email protected] Paul Redfearn, Jr. 5238 Downey Ave. Independence, MO 64055 Introduction Since the last publication of a checklist of liverworts and hornworts of the Interior Highlands (1997)), many new county and state records have been reported. To make the checklist useful, it was necessary to update it since its last posting. The map of the Interior Highlands of North America that appears in Redfearn (1983) does not include the very southeast corner of Kansas. However, the Springfield Plateau encompasses some 88 square kilometers of this corner of the state and includes limestone and some sandstone and shale outcrops. The vegetation is typical Ozarkian flora, dominated by oak and hickory. This checklist includes liverworts and hornworts collected from Cherokee County, Kansas. Most of what is known for the area is the result of collections by R. McGregor published in 1955. The majority of his collections are deposited in the herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden (NY). This checklist only includes the region defined as the Interior Highlands of North America. This includes the Springfield Plateau, Salem Plateau, St. Francois Mountains, Boston Mountains, Arkansas Valley, Ouachita Mountains and Ozark Hills. It encompasses much of southern Missouri south of the Missouri River, southwest Illinois; most of Arkansas except the Mississippi Lowlands and the Coastal Plain, the extreme southeastern corner of Kansas, and eastern Oklahoma (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology, Anatomy and Reproduction of Anthoceros
    Morphology, Anatomy and Reproduction of Anthoceros - INDRESH KUMAR PANDEY Taxonomic Position of Anthoceros Class- Anthocerotopsida Single order Anthocerotales Two families Anthocerotaceae Notothylaceae Representative Genus Anthoceros Notothylus General features of Anthocerotopsida • Forms an isolated evolutionary line • Sometimes considered independent from Bryophytes and placed in division Anthocerophyta • Called as Hornworts due to horn like structure of sporophyte • Commonly recognised genera includes Anthoceros, Megaceros, Nothothylus, Dendroceros Anthoceros :Habitat & Distribution • Cosmopolitan • Mainly in temperate & tropical regions • More than 200 species, 25 sp. Recorded from India. • Mostly grows in moist shady places, sides of ditches or in moist hollows among rocks • Few species grow on decaying wood. • Three common Indian species- A. erectus, A. crispulus, A. himalayensis Anthoceros: Morphology Dorsal surface Ventral surface Rhizoids (smooth walled) Thallus showing tubers External features • Thallus (gametophyte)- small, dark green, dorsiventral, prostrate, branched or lobed • No midrib, spongy due to presence of underlying mucilaginous ducts • Dorsal surface varies from species to species Smooth- A. laevis Velvety- A. crispulus Rough- A. fusiformis • Smooth walled rhizoid on ventral surface • Rounded bluish green thickened area on ventral surface- Nostoc colonies Internal structure Vertical Transverse Section- Diagrammatic Vertical Transverse Section- Cellular Internal Structure • Simple, without cellular differentiation
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment of Anthoceros Agrestis As a Model Species for Studying the Biology of Hornworts
    Szövényi et al. BMC Plant Biology (2015) 15:98 DOI 10.1186/s12870-015-0481-x METHODOLOGY ARTICLE Open Access Establishment of Anthoceros agrestis as a model species for studying the biology of hornworts Péter Szövényi1,2,3,4†, Eftychios Frangedakis5,8†, Mariana Ricca1,3, Dietmar Quandt6, Susann Wicke6,7 and Jane A Langdale5* Abstract Background: Plants colonized terrestrial environments approximately 480 million years ago and have contributed significantly to the diversification of life on Earth. Phylogenetic analyses position a subset of charophyte algae as the sister group to land plants, and distinguish two land plant groups that diverged around 450 million years ago – the bryophytes and the vascular plants. Relationships between liverworts, mosses hornworts and vascular plants have proven difficult to resolve, and as such it is not clear which bryophyte lineage is the sister group to all other land plants and which is the sister to vascular plants. The lack of comparative molecular studies in representatives of all three lineages exacerbates this uncertainty. Such comparisons can be made between mosses and liverworts because representative model organisms are well established in these two bryophyte lineages. To date, however, a model hornwort species has not been available. Results: Here we report the establishment of Anthoceros agrestis as a model hornwort species for laboratory experiments. Axenic culture conditions for maintenance and vegetative propagation have been determined, and treatments for the induction of sexual reproduction and sporophyte development have been established. In addition, protocols have been developed for the extraction of DNA and RNA that is of a quality suitable for molecular analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
    About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Hornwort Pyrenoids, Carbon-Concentrating Structures, Evolved and Were Lost at Least five Times During the Last 100 Million Years
    Hornwort pyrenoids, carbon-concentrating structures, evolved and were lost at least five times during the last 100 million years Juan Carlos Villarreal1 and Susanne S. Renner Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Munich 80638, Germany Edited by John Raven, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom, and accepted by the Editorial Board September 24, 2012 (received for review August 7, 2012) Ribulose-1,5-Biphosphate-carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) has a have a stacked arrangement of thylakoid membranes (grana) that crucial role in carbon fixation but a slow catalytic rate, a problem results in the spatial separation of photosystems and increases the overcome in some plant lineages by physiological and anatomical efficiency of light capture in terrestrial environments (13). Horn- traits that elevate carbon concentrations around the enzyme. Such wort grana consist of stacks of short thylakoids and lack end carbon-concentrating mechanisms are hypothesized to have evolved membranes. Therefore, unlike other land plants, hornwort grana during periods of low atmospheric CO2. Hornworts, the sister to are devoid of the membrane “sacs” that enclose intrathylakoid vascular plants, have a carbon-concentrating mechanism that relies spaces. Presumably, the perpendicular channel thylakoid system in on pyrenoids, proteinaceous bodies mostly consisting of RuBisCO. hornwort plastids serves to isolate biochemical processes (13). We generated a phylogeny based on mitochondrial and plastid Organic isotope discrimination supports a function in CO2 sequences for 36% of the approximately 200 hornwort species to concentration for hornwort pyrenoids (14–18). Mass spectrometry infer the history of gains and losses of pyrenoids in this clade; we analyses show that hornworts with pyrenoids (e.g., Phaeoceros and also used fossils and multiple dating approaches to generate a chro- Notothylas) have lower compensation points (11–13 vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthoceros Agrestis
    Plant Systematics and Evolution (2020) 306:49 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01676-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Extremely low genetic diversity in the European clade of the model bryophyte Anthoceros agrestis Thomas N. Dawes1,2 · Juan Carlos Villarreal A.3,4 · Péter Szövényi5 · Irene Bisang6 · Fay-Wei Li7,8 · Duncan A. Hauser7,8 · Dietmar Quandt9 · D. Christine Cargill10 · Laura L. Forrest1 Received: 2 May 2019 / Accepted: 13 March 2020 / Published online: 4 April 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract The hornwort Anthoceros agrestis is emerging as a model system for the study of symbiotic interactions and carbon fixation processes. It is an annual species with a remarkably small and compact genome. Single accessions of the plant have been shown to be related to the cosmopolitan perennial hornwort Anthoceros punctatus. We provide the first detailed insight into the evolutionary history of the two species. Due to the rather conserved nature of organellar loci, we sequenced multiple accessions in the Anthoceros agrestis–A. punctatus complex using three nuclear regions: the ribosomal spacer ITS2, and exon and intron regions from the single-copy coding genes rbcS and phytochrome. We used phylogenetic and dating analyses to uncover the relationships between these two taxa. Our analyses resolve a lineage of genetically near-uniform European A. agrestis accessions and two non-European A. agrestis lineages. In addition, the cosmopolitan species Anthoceros punctatus forms two lineages, one of mostly European accessions, and another from India. All studied European A. agrestis accessions have a single origin, radiated relatively recently (less than 1 million years ago), and are currently strictly associated with agroecosystem habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • 02-Bryophyta-2.Pdf
    498 INTRODUCTORY PLANT SCIENCE layer. In certain species, the capsule con­ til1Ues to grow as long as the gametophyte lives. The presence of a meristcm in A11tlioceros and an aerating system complete with sto­ mata may indicate that Antlwceros evolved from ancestors with even ·larger· and more 1. Civ complex sporophytes. These features may Bryophyt be vestiges from a more complex ancestral. 2. Wh sporophyte. that ti alga ? 3. De� ORIGIN AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE Bryophyt, BRYOPHYTA 4._ characteri Little is known with certainty about the r are small origin and evolution of the bryophytes. The ' tall. ( B) fossil record is too fragmenta to enable • ry s true roots us to trace their evolutionary history. Frag­ ,, sperms ar mentary remnants of thallose liverworts, spore idium and mother\4'/ttN) which resemble present-day liverworts, have cell Jar arch� been foum! in rocks of Carboniferous age, bryophyt as have structures that may be remains of more com mosses. all bryoph The immediate ancestors of the bryo­ bryo whicl phytes were probably more complex plants from the have an i than present-day forms. In other words, the gametophy evolutionary tendency has been one of re- with a dip1 duction instead of increased complexity. •• • • • spores If evolution has progressed . from more • . •, .... • s. __ complex sporophytes to those of simpler • . vascular p Anthoceros . form, the sporophyte of wou1d • • green algat be considered more ancient than that of • (D) red Marchantia or Riccia. Because Riccia has Fig. 35-16. longitudinal section of the spo­ 6. How the most reduced sporophyte, it would be t·:i;,hyte of Anthoceros.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3-1 Sexuality: Sexual Strategies Janice M
    Glime, J. M. and Bisang, I. 2017. Sexuality: Sexual Strategies. Chapt. 3-1. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. 3-1-1 Physiological Ecology. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 2 April 2017 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 3-1 SEXUALITY: SEXUAL STRATEGIES JANICE M. GLIME AND IRENE BISANG TABLE OF CONTENTS Expression of Sex............................................................................................................................................... 3-1-2 Unisexual and Bisexual Taxa............................................................................................................................. 3-1-2 Sex Chromosomes....................................................................................................................................... 3-1-6 An unusual Y Chromosome........................................................................................................................ 3-1-7 Gametangial Arrangement.......................................................................................................................... 3-1-8 Origin of Bisexuality in Bryophytes ................................................................................................................ 3-1-11 Monoicy as a Derived/Advanced Character.............................................................................................. 3-1-11 Anthocerotophyta and Multiple Reversals...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]