The Nobel Foundation Annual Review 2017

1 The Nobel Foundation Annual Review 2017

EDITORS: Annika Pontikis, Director of Communications and Jonna Petterson, Public Relations Officer The text The Art of Portraying a Nobel Laureate was written by Susanna Strömquist, Ban the Bomb by Ingvill Bryn Rambøl and Vital Learning was based on a text by Marie-Louise Olsen. DESIGN/PRODUCTION: Martin Zetterquist, Formalix AB PRINTING: Göteborgstryckeriet AB PAPER: Munken Polar

All images in the Annual Review are © The Nobel Foundation, © Nobel Media AB or © The Nobel Museum AB, unless otherwise indicated.

COVER IMAGE: The Nobel Prize Medal was designed by Erik Lindberg and is manufactured in recycled gold by Svenska Medalj in Eskilstuna. The medals are cast in 18 carat gold and plated with 24 carat gold. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud

Subject to changes regarding exhibitions, programmes and events during 2018 For questions regarding the Annual Review, please contact: [email protected]

© The Nobel Foundation 2018 Nobel Prize®, Nobelprize.org®, Nobel Media®, Nobel Museum®, Nobel Peace Center®, Nobel Prize Concert®, Nobel Peace Prize Concert® and the Nobel Prize Medal are registered trademarks of the Nobel Foundation

The Nobel Foundation, P.O. Box 5232, 102 45 Stockholm, Sweden

2 Lars Heikensten, Executive Director of the Nobel

PHOTO: KARI KOHVAKKA PHOTO: Foundation since 2011. For the Greatest Benefit to Mankind

lfred Nobel had a vision of A majority of Nobel Laureates, of public activities at the future Nobel a better world. He believed especially after the Second World War, Center. This was especially evident Athat people were capable of have lived and worked in more than in connection with the Nobel Prize helping to improve society through one country. Many discoveries have announcements in October, when knowledge, science and humanism. been the consequence of cross-bor- a series of new activities took place This is why he created a prize that der cooperation. The 2017 Physics around Stockholm. For example, a would contribute to the greatest Prize on gravitational waves is a good large audience attended an entertaining benefit to mankind. Science gives us example. The results were published in crash course at the Rival Theatre about the power to change the world for the an article with one thousand authors − the discoveries behind the 2017 scien- better. However, sensible decisions researchers from around the world. tific Nobel Prizes, featuring members require more than this. The Nobel In the following pages, we tell of the respective Nobel Committees. Prize encompasses not only natural about the discoveries and achievements That same week, 350 teachers gath- science subjects, but also literature and that were rewarded with the 2017 ered for the first and much-appreciated peace. This is significant. Alfred Nobel Nobel Prize and about the activities­ of Nobel Teacher Summit. Like our full- is reminding us of the importance the Nobel Foundation. We also present day Nobel Week Dialogue seminar, the of feeling empathy with our fellow our various public activities, exhi- teachers’ conference discussed issues human beings and having the wisdom bitions, meetings, events and digital on the theme of truth and facts. and power to act even when it requires publications that disseminate knowl- Based on the Nobel Prize’s unique great and difficult efforts. edge and inspire people to want to combination of subject areas, we An open, tolerant and democratic understand and improve the world. will further develop these activities society produces better conditions for Highlights of the year were our with the aim of meeting large future good research. The scientific method major international full-day meet- audiences at the Nobel Center in is universal, even though truth can ings, seminars and exhibitions in Stockholm. change over time. The crucial thing is South Korea, Japan, India, Dubai and Given the challenges we face in to see reality and to continue seeking Colombia. The Nobel Peace Center in our era, we believe that our efforts are the truth. This has never been allowed Oslo displayed several highly popu- more important now than ever. everywhere, nor is allowed everywhere lar photo exhibitions. In Stockholm, Wishing you an enjoyable reading! today, when even obvious facts are the number of events expanded in LARS HEIKENSTEN being denied. preparation for a more extensive array EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

1 Table of Contents

1 To the Greatest Benefit to Mankind

4 The 2017 Nobel Laureates

8 Vital Learning

10 The Future of Truth

12 Ban the Bomb

14 The Art of Portraying a Nobel Laureate

16 Unique Objects and Stories

20 Alfred Nobel

24 Growing Operations

26 The Institutions that Select Nobel Laureates

28 The Nobel Foundation

30 Nobel Media AB

32 Nobel Museum AB

34 Nobel Center

36 Nobel Peace Center Foundation

38 Nobel Peace Prize – Research & Information AS

40 Highlights in December

2 ICAN – the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons – was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2017. Only a few hours after the announcement, the exhibition at the Nobel Peace Center in Oslo was updated, and ICAN took place among the other Peace Laureates awarded the prize since 1901.

PHOTO: PI FRISK

3 The organisation ICAN was represented by Setsuko Thurlow, a survivor of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Executive Director Beatrice Fihn. They received the Nobel Prize Medal and diploma from Berit Reiss-Andersen at the Oslo City Hall on December 10, 2017.

4 The 2017 Nobel Laureates

THE NOBEL PRIZE IN THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2017 CHEMISTRY 2017 WAS AWARDED TO WAS AWARDED TO Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Kip S. Thorne and Richard Henderson “for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and “for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the the observation of gravitational waves” high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules

ACCORDING TO EINSTEIN’S GENERAL THEORY OF in solution” RELATIVITY, time and space are woven together in a FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES OF LIFE are governed by a four-dimensional fabric called spacetime. One conse- number of complicated molecules. Since the 1970s, quence of this theory is the existence of gravitational Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard waves, like ripples in spacetime that occur when Henderson have in various ways expanded the objects with mass accelerate. The effects are very small, possibilities of using electron microscopy to image however, and the existence of the waves has long been biologically important molecules and processes. The disputed. To be able to record gravitational waves, electron microscope uses electron beams instead of the LIGO detector was developed beginning in the light and can capture objects as small as atoms. How- 1970s. Rainer Weiss, Barry Barish and Kip Thorne ever, electron beams destroy biological structures. have made crucial contributions to the project. Each Henderson succeeded in finding a way to generate a detector consists of two perpendicular tunnels through detailed three-dimensional image of a biological mol- which laser beams are sent. Gravitational waves cause ecule using an electron microscope. Frank developed small changes in the tunnels’ lengths, thereby displac- a method for analysing and merging blurry two-di- ing the laser beams. For comparisons, two detectors mensional images from the electron microscope into a have been placed at different locations in the United sharp three-dimensional image. Dubochet succeeded States. In 2015 gravitational waves were detected for in overcoming the fact that many biological molecules the first time. These resulted from a collision between depend on water, which evaporates in the vacuum two black holes in a distant galaxy 1.3 billion years of an electron microscope. He cooled the water so ago. Observations of gravitational waves pave the way rapidly that it solidified around the molecules without toward new knowledge about the universe. the formation of ice crystals that distorted the image. These methods allow us a better understanding that is crucial for the development of pharmaceuticals, among other things.

Kip Thorne visited Grimsta School during the Nobel Week and met, among many Jacques Dubochet accepting his Nobel Prize. others, the student Frida Hjälmheden.

ALL IMAGES ON THIS SPREAD, PHOTO: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD

5 THE NOBEL PRIZE IN THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE LITERATURE 2017 2017 WAS AWARDED TO WAS AWARDED TO Kazuo Ishiguro Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash “who, in novels of great emotional force, has and Michael W. Young ­uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world” “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms IS THE SENSE OF BELONGING in the world an illusion? ­controlling the circadian rhythm” Memory, time and lifelong deception are central LIFE ON EARTH is adapted to the regular rhythm of themes in Kazuo Ishiguro’s works, which also include the day. In our cells an internal clock helps us to music and love as recurring motifs. Ishiguru was adapt our biological rhythm to the different phases born in Japan, but he has lived in the UK since his of day and night. Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and early childhood. Growing up in a Japanese family Michael Young studied fruit flies to figure out how has colored his thinking and perspectives. His first this clock works. Previous research had shown that two novels, A Pale View of Hills and An Artist of the genetic changes could disrupt the fruit fly’s circadian Floating World, are set in Japan just after World War rhythms. In 1984, Hall, Rosbash and Young managed II. His most celebrated work, The Remains of the to identify a gene that is crucial for this process. They Day, published in 1989, is about an English butler demonstrated that the gene encodes a protein that and his feelings for a housekeeper at the time around accumulates during the night but is degraded during World War II. In later works Ishiguru approached the day. They also identified additional proteins that genres such as fantasy and science fiction, as in the form part of a self-regulating biological clockwork case of the dystopian Never Let Me Go, from 2005. in the fruit fly’s cells. The same principles have been His language is characterized by restraint, even when shown to apply to other animals and plants. In dramatic events are portrayed. Ishiguru is primarily humans the clock controls sleep, hormone levels, a novelist, but he also has written scripts for film and body temperature, metabolism and other processes. TV. In his youth, Ishiguru wanted to become a musi- Effects of a disrupted daily rhythm are apparent, cian, and he later has also written song lyrics. for example when we travel between time zones and suffer from “jet lag”. Our health is affected when our daily rhythm is disturbed over extended time.

As a tradition, the Nobel Laureates sign chairs at the Nobel Museum. Jeffrey Kazuo Ishiguro described meeting students at Rinkeby Library as one of the most Hall visited the Nobel Museum on December 6 to make his contribution to the memorable moments of Nobel Week. collection of autographs. THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE AWARD CEREMONY, PHOTO: KEN OPPRANN. ALL OTHER PHOTOS, INCLUDING THE PORTRAITS, PHOTO: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD

6 THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2017 THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK WAS AWARDED TO PRIZE IN ECONOMIC International Campaign to SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) ALFRED NOBEL 2017 WAS AWARDED TO “for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear Richard H. Thaler weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve “for his contributions to behavioural economics” a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons” HOW DO HUMAN TRAITS govern individual economic EVER SINCE THE ATOMIC BOMBS dropped on the Japanese decisions and what effect do they have on markets cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, as a whole? Since the 1980s, Richard Thaler has nuclear weapons have constituted a threat to our analyzed economic decision-making with the aid of world. Nuclear war would entail horrible suffering insights from psychology. He has paid special atten- and enormous losses over a long time. The Interna- tion to three psychological factors: the tendency to not tional Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) behave completely rationally, notions of fairness and is promoting nuclear disarmament. ICAN is a coali- reasonableness, and lack of self-control. An example tion of non-governmental organizations in more than of limited rationality is provided by his theory of 100 countries and has been a leader in efforts that mental accounting: people creating separate accounts resulted in 122 UN member countries concurring with in their consciousness and basing their decisions on a draft agreement on the prohibition of nuclear weap- the effect upon individual areas rather than on the ons in 2017. Five countries that have nuclear weap- situation as a whole. He has shown how people are ons – the United States, Russia, Great Britain, France prepared to give up material benefits in order to main- and China – have not acceded to the agreement, since tain what they perceive to be a fair distribution. The 1970 they have agreed to not spread nuclear weapons self-control problem is about the tension between the to other countries. The Norwegian Nobel Committee long-term view and the short-term view, and Thaler hopes that future negotiations will lead to a gradual, has contributed to this discussion by developing a balanced and carefully controlled abolition of nuclear planner-doer model. His findings have had a profound weapons. influence on many areas of economic research and policy.

The ICAN Executive Director Beatrice Fihn with a paper crane, made by school Richard Thaler takes a closer look at the medal during his visit to the Nobel children in Hiroshima. Foundation.

For more information about the Laureates of 2017, please visit Nobelprize.org

7 “I believe we must force universities to get more involved in schools, to ensure that science reaches them.”

JOHAN ROCKSTRÖM, STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY

One of the Approximately 350 assignments people participated during the day in the Nobel Teacher was to build a Summit conference. duck of Lego. Vital Learning For the first time ever, the Nobel Center arranged the Nobel Teacher Summit in 2017, a teachers’ conference that will be recurrent. With the catchphrase “A world with fake facts needs true teachers”, the conference focused on the role of teachers in a world in which knowledge and facts are being called into question. Speakers at the conference were the Nobel Laureates Herta Müller, Ben Feringa and Shirin Ebadi as well as Ola Rosling, Gapminder, and Johan Rockström, Stockholm University.

8 “We want to build a network of teachers that, through “It is important to learn to differentiate between the Nobel Prize and Nobel Laureates, inspires knowledge and opinion,” says Ben Feringa, who teachers across the globe and stimulates curiosity in explains how he nags his students to question him – science. This day is designed to help teachers talk to but not blindly. “I encourage them to have a critical their students about science and scientific methods. attitude towards information,” he explains. “I tell It is about teaching students to understand and them that science is about finding better ideas, better process science on their own so they can evaluate the explanations, and that it means that I as a teacher information they are confronted with.” could be wrong. But it is not enough to simply say I

ANNIKA HEDÅS FALK, am wrong; they must argue their point.” HEAD OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES AT THE NOBEL CENTER BEN FERINGA, NOBEL LAUREATE IN CHEMISTRY 2016

ANNIKA HEDÅS FALK AND BEN FERINGA, PHOTO: SAMUEL UNÉUS. ALL OTHER PHOTOS: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD

9 The 2017 Nobel Week Dialogue was attended by approximately 1,600 people. The Future of Truth

The history of the Nobel Prize is an ongoing search for truth. Every insight adds to the everchanging understanding of our world. The yearly Nobel Week Dialogue invites speakers from all over the world to elaborate on a given theme. This year, the debates and discussions focused on The Future of Truth.

THE OUTCOME OF THIS ACTIVE December open, transparent and non-authoritar- WRITER AND TECHNO-SOCIOLOGIST day in Gothenburg was an engaging ian society where Nature is the only Zeynep Tufekci, reflected on truth and critical discussion on the defini- judge. Through experimentation and in another way, pointing out todays tion and use of what we call truth. observation, theories can be disproved failing trust in old style institutions. Speakers with different perspectives – rather than proved. In this ongoing She stressed the importance of gave their views on this complex mat- search, reliable theories are therefore rebuilding and defending them so that ter. As children we are told not to lie always open for possible modification they can guard truths and facts. This and it may sound like an easy thing to through new insights. David Gross is specifically important in a society do. Yet, it can be hard. Is there more says that the Scientific Method is the where social media is dominant. Social than one truth? If so, to which one greatest invention of humankind. In media does not necessarily even strive should we stick? this lays a great optimism. On the for truth: the goal is rather to get your Nobel Laureate in Physics, David question on how scientific truth can attention. Zeynep Tufekci, who has Gross, talked about the scientific truth compete with contradictive opinions done research on how social media and how it can be revealed by using that don’t accept the rules of scientific affect social movements, concluded by scientific methods. These truths do methods, he concludes that truth still saying that everyone who is concerned not rely on nor feelings or politics. will triumph; it always has, and it will about truth, should step up and They are rather depending on an continue to do so. defend it.

ZEYNEP TUFEKCI, PHOTO: ANNA SVANBERG, ALL OTHER PHOTOS: PI FRISK

10 NOBEL WEEK DIALOGUE 2017 ATTENDING LAUREATES: STEVEN CHU, 1997 Physics Laureate PETER DOHERTY, 1996 Physiology or Medicine Laureate SHIRIN EBADI, 2003 Peace Prize Laureate DAVID J. GROSS, 2004 Physics Laureate MICHAEL LEVITT, 2013 Chemistry Laureate JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ, 2001 Economic Sciences Laureate FRANK WILCZEK, 2004 Physics Laureate OTHER SPEAKERS INCLUDED: ALICE BAH KUHNKE, Ministry of Culture and Democracy DANIEL BIRNBAUM, Moderna Museet SIMON BLACKBURN, University of Cambridge ROBBERT DIJKGRAAF, Institute for Advanced Writer and techno-sociologist Zeynep Tufekci (left) and the moderator Karin Pettersson. Study ORLANDO VON EINSIEDEL, Academy Award winning director EMMA FRANS, Karolinska Institutet MAGGIE HABERMAN, New York Times MICHAEL HAYDEN, Chertoff Group ANISH KAPOOR, Sculptor KATHERINE MAHER, Wikimedia Foundation JOANNA NATASEGARA, Film Producer HELGA NOWOTNY, ETH Zurich KARIN PETTERSSON, Aftonbladet (Since 2018 Director of Public Policy, Schibsted) BO ROTHSTEIN, University of Gothenburg ZEYNEP TUFEKCI, University of North Carolina K. VIJAYRAGHAVAN, Ministry of Science and “Fertile grounds for terrorist recruitments are The programme of the day entailed talks with Technology ignorance and despair in social justice. So, to fight panellists, debates, and various interactive features. terrorists one should build schools”, Shirin Ebadi, PETER WOLODARSKI, Dagens Nyheter Nobel Peace Laureate and human rights activist. 1,658 THE 2017 NOBEL WEEK DIALOGUE ­ HAD A RECORD NUMBER OF 1,658 ­PARTICIPANTS 1,500,000 1.5 MILLION PEOPLE WERE REACHED THROUGH THE NOBEL PRIZE’S DIGITAL CHANNELS NOBEL PEACE LAUREATE SHIRIN EBADI is So, to fight terrorists one should build one of those who have stood up for schools. her conviction. As a human rights 100,000 activist, she stresses the importance of ONE THING THAT BECAME CLEAR after TWO OF THE SESSIONS WERE ALSO revealing words that can be deliber- this day: regardless of whether one STREAMED LIVE ON FACEBOOK WITH ately misused by people who want to was searching for truth through OVER 100,000 PEOPLE enforce their personal agenda. Her evidence-based scientific research or own life is an example of the price claiming something that contradicts a 240 that many people pay for criticising governments’ official version of events, 240 STUDENTS ATTENDED THE LECTURE authorities. After she was put into the search for truth is essential for WHICH DAVID J. GROSS (2004 PHYSICS jail in Iran for her work as a human humankind. The truth might be incon- LAUREATE) HELD AT THE UNIVERSITY OF rights lawyer, she now lives in exile. venient or make theories obsolete, but GOTHENBURG THE DAY BEFORE NOBEL WEEK DIALOGUE. She stressed that the truth needs to within the search itself lays great hope be told of the reasons behind world for the future. poverty and global terrorism. Fertile 0:- grounds for terrorist recruitments are 0 KRONOR WAS THE FEE FOR PARTICIPA- ignorance and despair in social justice. TION OF THE NOBEL WEEK DIALOGUE

11 A survivor from Hiroshima shows a photo he keeps in his wallet to Liv Tørres, CEO of the Nobel Peace Center. The eaxct same photo appeared in the exhibition. Ban the Bomb A woman comes across her own story in an exhibition at the Nobel Peace Center. A man discovers a photograph that he carries in his own wallet as a memento of the day everything changed: the day the atomic bomb was dropped over Hiroshima.

OSLO, 12 DECEMBER 2018: An old man In addition to the historical images, but her injuries were not severe enough stops in front of an image of a little personal belongings of the victims are to prevent her going to the hospital boy and starts to cry. The boy in the being exhibited for the first time in to look for her own mother, Mariko’s picture is ten years old and carries his Northern Europe. One such object is grandmother, who worked as a nurse. dead brother on his back. It is August a bag that belonged to a 13-year-old At the hospital, people were coming in 1946, and he is waiting in the queue boy in Hiroshima. His father searched with bodies burned black where their for the crematorium in Hiroshima. for him in the city for a week but never skin had peeled off. It was six days The old man opens his wallet and found his son. The only trace of him before Mariko’s grandmother was pulls out a picture; it’s the same as the was the bag that was found by a neigh- found. Her eyes had burst out of her one on the wall. He carries it with him bour and delivered to the family. In the head and her nose had all but fallen off. as a memento of the day the bomb was display case there is also a lunchbox But she survived. Today, both Mariko dropped over Hiroshima and changed that belonged to a schoolchild, and a and her mother are so-called “Hibaku- everything. clock, stopped at 11.02 am, the precise sha”, survivors bearing witness to one Together with around thirty other time the atom bomb detonated over of the darkest chapters in world history. survivors of Hiroshima and Naga- Nagasaki on the 9 August 1945. “I didn’t know that my story was saki, the old man is visiting the Nobel The story of around 40 survivors is part of the exhibition. It was very mov- Peace Center. The day before ICAN told on an exhibition wall inlaid with ing to come here to Oslo and discover is to receive the Nobel Peace Prize at Ipads. Mariko Higashino comes to a that,” said Mariko. “We think it’s Oslo City Hall for their work to ban halt when she sees herself on the wall. important to tell our story to make the nuclear weapons, the group gets a The daughter of a survivor, it wasn’t world realise how dangerous nuclear preview of the Peace Prize Exhibition, until she reached adulthood that she weapons are.” Ban the Bomb. These are poignant asked her mother about what really moments, especially when they come happened on the 6 October 1945. Her The Peace Prize Exhibition Ban the Bomb was to the part of the exhibition that deals mother was 17 years old and was just opened by ICAN’s executive director, Beatrice with the aftermath of the atom bombs leaving the house when the bomb went Fihn, on December 12 and will be shown at the over Nagasaki and Hiroshima. off. She was blown thirty metres away, Nobel Peace Center until November 25, 2018.

SETSUKO THURLOW AND BEATRICE FIHN, PHOTO: PI FRISK. THE SIGN, PHOTO: SIM CHI YIN FOR NOBEL PEACE CENTER. ALL OTHER PHOTOS: JOHANNES GRANSETH FOR NOBEL PEACE CENTER.

12 The wrist watch was found in the ruins of a house close to the epicentre of the explosion. It stopped at 11.02 am, the exact time that the atomic bomb exploded over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.

This lunch box belonged to Yuso Ikuta, a student from Hiroshima Prefectural Industry School.

An original sign from the Hanford Site, a nuclear complex in Washington State, western United States.

Setsuko Thurlow, survivor of Hiroshima and Beatrice Fihn, Executive Director of ICAN, visited the Nobel Peace Center and the exhibition Ban the Bomb.

13 Visiting the Nobel Museum in the fall of 2017 – Herta Müller, Nobel Laureate in Literature.

HERTA MÜLLER, PHOTO: CLÉMENT MORIN, PHOTOS FROM THE EXHIBITION: KIM MANRESA

14 The exhibition Literary Rebellion, by photographer Kim Manresa and journalist Xavi Ayén is on display at the Nobel Museum until September, 2018. Wole Soyinka and Toni Morrison are two Literature Laureates portrayed in the exhibition. The Art of Portraying a Nobel Laureate Urgent issues and a moving story lay the groundwork for a good exhibition. One example of this is Literary Rebellion, which tells visitors about twelve Nobel Laureates using the pen against oppression.

THE NOBEL MUSEUM in Gamla Stan, “It was fantastic to have the Olov Amelin’s view, is that it builds Stockholm, receives around a quarter opportunity to show her the exhibi- upon a particular individual’s per- of a million visitors per year. Aside tion,” Jonsson says. “She is a great ception of what is important for the from a small permanent exhibition on example of what literary resistance world and its development. “As we Alfred Nobel himself and a chrono- looks like. Her work is based around know, Alfred Nobel’s interests covered logical exposition of the history of the daily life in a dictatorship, and her a broad spectrum – from physics, Prize and the Laureates’ endeavours authorship keeps coming back to chemistry and medicine to literature throughout the years, the temporary defend freedom of thought and and peace – which means there is a exhibition Literary Rebellion was also expression. Her determined and poetic rich pool for us to dip into in terms of on display during 2017. language is in stark contrast to the ideas for exhibitions. There is no end The exhibition is based upon oppression and bureaucratic formula- to the ideas!” interviews and photographs of twelve tions of the State.” Olov Amelin has worked with Nobel Laureates in Literature, and the The exhibition has open book- museums since the mid-1980s, and is theme is the pen against oppression. shelves so people can take a book, sit inspired by the current rapid develop- “I hope the exhibition stirs visitors’ down and read for a while in order to ments in presentation technology. At curiosity in these twelve courageous form their own opinion. “Hopefully the same time, he points out that the authors who have all dared to tell it will help the visitors discover new same basic condition is required to the rest of the world about difficult authors and books that they will want produce a good exhibition. notions,” says Karin Jonsson, the curator to find out more about,” Jonsson says. “There always needs to be a strik- of the exhibition. She recently welcomed ing story that captivates and moves one of the authors included in the exhi- THE UNIQUE ASPECT of the well-attended people,” he explains. bition, Herta Müller, to the museum. Nobel Museum, in Museum Director

15 Unique Objects and Stories

The photo of Einstein made the visit to the Nobel Foundation an emotional one for Kip Thorne.

LIGO – A DECADES-LONG STORY OF PERSEVERANCE AND TEAMWORK

A CENTURY AGO, Nobel Laureate Albert the MIT LIGO Scientific Collabora- effort – involving 1,200 scientists Einstein predicted the existence of tion immediately broke into celebra- worldwide – that led to gravitational gravitational waves. But he also tion. They had awoken early to watch waves finally being captured. “This is thought that we would never have the the coverage live from Stockholm and a magnificent success of international means to prove their existence. One were rewarded with fantastic news. collaboration, of the ability to bring in hundred years later, a collaboration Just before 6 am in Cambridge, Mas- the talents that we need – whether it’s of more than 1,000 physicists finally sachusetts, this year’s Physics Laure- technical, whether it’s data analysis, observed these gravitational waves ates were announced: Rainer Weiss, whether it’s theoretical – working for the very first time after decades of Barry Barish and Kip Thorne, all part together side-by-side,” said Barry research. This teamwork led to Rainer of the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration. All Barish. “They’re all really the reason Weiss, Barry Barish and Kip Thorne three Physics Laureates have honoured that we are here at all,” added Rainer receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics. the huge LIGO-Virgo collaborative Weiss. “It was a half-century quest,” Kip Thorne said. When Thorne arrived at the Nobel Foundation to collect his medal, he was overcome with emotion “This is a magnificent while looking at the image of Einstein and his signature. It’s a story of col- success of laboration, teamwork and dedication. “I really think of myself as more of international an icon for the collaboration,” said Thorne. collaboration.” The precise moment that the Members of MIT LIGO celebrating after the recipients of the 2017 Nobel Prize in announcement of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics in Physics were announced, scientists at October.

16 THE REMAINS OF THE DAY

THIS YEAR’S NOBEL LAUREATES got together at the Nobel Museum, on December 6, together with their families, to comence the extensive programme of the Nobel Week. They also donated artefacts to the museum’s collection. Kazuo Ishiguro shares the story behind the plate he’s donated to the Nobel Museum from the set of the film adaptation of The Remains of the Day. “It looks like a piece of silver from an English stately home, and it looks like it’s quite heavy. But it’s actually much lighter – it’s a piece Hollywood prop from the filming of The Remains of of Hollywood junk!”. He adds: “I the Day, donated by Kazuo Ishiguro. went on set one day in 1991 and had lunch in a little trailer with Anthony Hopkins and Christopher Reeve in most renowned novel The Remains of Hopkin’s trailer, and I came out and the Day in 1989. It was turned into a “It’s a piece of I picked it up from somewhere… I film with Anthony Hopkins acting as remember it as the day when I had the duty-obsessed butler Stevens and Hollywood junk!” lunch with Hannibal Lecter and Christopher Reeve as Congressman Superman!”. Kazuo Ishiguro wrote his Jack Lewis.

THE COFFEE MUG

THE 2017 LAUREATE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES, Richard Thaler, However, it turned out that far fewer than half the used coffee mugs to teach us about irrational behaviour – mugs changed hands. Thaler said: “We needed some object and now he has donated one to the Nobel Museum. “This that we could give to students that they would like. It is the last one I had of the original mugs that we couldn’t be too expensive and it couldn’t be too used in the experiment,” he said. We normally heavy. I bought a couple hundred of these want more money for selling something coffee mugs.” He added: “The amusing we own than we are prepared to pay in thing about this is there have now been order to buy exactly the same item. hundreds of experiments using this In 1990, Thaler, Daniel Kahneman basic paradigm. Virtually every single (2002 Economic Sciences Laureate) one uses coffee mugs! This theory has and Jack Knetsch conducted a famous nothing to do with coffee mugs!” experiment where a number of coffee mugs were handed out to a group of randomly chosen students. They were then allowed to choose whether they wanted to sell the mug to someone in a second group who had not received a “This theory has mug. On average the two groups should With the help of coffee mugs Thaler value the mugs equally high, and around intended to prove the hypothesis that people ascribe a higher value to things nothing to do with half the mugs should be sold. merely because they own them, known as the Endowment Effect. coffee mugs!”

17 Richard Henderson donated a model of the bacteriorhodopsin protein, manufactured in 1993 to the Nobel Museum during the first official event of the 2017 Nobel Week.

REVOLUTIONARY MICROSCOPE TECHNOLOGY A PICTURE IS A KEY TO UNDERSTANDING. biomolecules mid-movement and Richard ­Henderson succeeded in Scientific breakthroughs often build visualise processes they have never using an ­electron microscope to upon the successful visualisation of previously seen, which is decisive for generate a three-dimensional image of objects invisible to the human eye. both the basic understanding of life’s a protein at atomic resolution. This However, biochemical maps have chemistry and for the development of breakthrough proved the technology’s long been filled with blank spaces pharmaceuticals. potential. because the available technology has Electron microscopes were long Richard Henderson donated had difficulty generating images of believed to only be suitable for a model of the bacteriorhodopsin much of life’s molecular machinery. imaging dead matter, because the ­protein, manufactured in 1993. Cryo-electron microscopy changes all powerful electron beam destroys of this. Researchers can now freeze biological material. But in 1990, “Scientific breakthroughs often build upon the successful visualisation of objects invisible to the human eye.”

MIT/LIGO, PHOTO: VIVISHEK SUDHIR. ALL OTHER PHOTOS: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD

18 The first prototype of an instrument designed by Michael Young in the early 1980s to monitor the daily biological clock of Drosophila (fruit fly) was donated to the Nobel Museum.

AN INSTRUMENT TO TRACK FRUIT FLY ACTIVITY THE FIRST PROTOTYPE of an instrument Michael Rosbash praised the tiny this tiny insect, beginning in 1933 designed by Michael Young in the fly in his Nobel Banquet Speech: “All with the pioneer T.H. Morgan. He early 1980s to monitor the daily bio- three of us began our professional lives was also the first American to receive logical clock of Drosophila (fruit fly) with a love of laboratory and exper- this Nobel Prize. This history under- was donated to be part of the Nobel iment, and we have worked almost scores the importance of Drosophila, Museum collections of artefacts. exclusively with the fruit fly Drosoph- model organisms and basic research The instrument has five different ila. Remarkably, this is the fifth Nobel more generally to scientific progress. chambers to execute experiments with Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the same number of flies. Flies are active during day and inactive during night. The flies’ movements – how many times it passes through an infrared beam – are recorded. Analysing thousands of mutant flies in this manner eventually yields some abnormal daily biological clocks. Today you can buy a device like this with up to 100 chambers. Michael Young shared the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Jeffrey Hall and Michael Ros- bash, all of them using fruit flies as a model organism. They made discov- eries that explain how plants, animals and humans adapt their biological “Remarkably, this is the fifth Nobel Prize in rhythm so that it is synchronised with the Earth’s revolutions. Physiology or Medicine for this tiny insect.”

19 On November 27, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his famous will at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris.

20 Alfred Nobel Inventor, Entrepreneur and Businessman

Alfred Nobel was an inventor, entrepreneur and a very successful businessman who continually travelled between his factories. Nobel built up an enormous fortune that he choose in his will to dedicate to those who had contributed to the greatest benefit to mankind. A prize that would reward outstanding efforts within the different fields that he was most involved in during his lifetime.

ALFRED NOBEL WAS BORN in Stockholm ALFRED NOBEL WAS FINALLY able to solve Krümmel in Germany and Ardeer in in 1833. His father, Immanuel, was the problem of the substance’s vola- Scotland were some of the first. He an inventor and engineer who had tility by mixing nitroglycerine with eventually built just over 90 factories varying success. His mother, Andriette, a type of sand, kiselguhr. The result in 20 countries. At his death, he had was described as energetic and intel- was a mouldable mass that was easy 355 patents and left behind an enor­- ligent, and when Immanuel went to to package and that could be shipped mous fortune. Nobel was a man of his Russia after a bankruptcy, time, embodying many of she was forced to support the Enlighten­ment’s central the family. When Immanuel ideas, both in his practical established a company in work and in his philoso- the war industry in 1842, phy. He combined his the famliy could finally religious doubt with a reunite. belief in the natural sciences and was a true THE NOBEL BROTHERS were optimist about technology given a first class education and an entrepreneur who by private tutors, and at actively took part in the age of 17 Alfred spoke industrialisation. five languages: Swedish, Russian, English, French and ALFRED NOBEL DIED on German. At the time, he was 10 December 1896 in his interested in poetry and even home in San Remo, Italy, wrote his own works. But and his will attracted his father disliked Alfred’s significant attention interest in literature and sent when it was published. him abroad for studies that He had allocated most of focused more on the natural his fortune to rewarding sciences. He visited a num- outstanding efforts within ber of countries and finally physics, chemistry, physiol- ended up in Paris, where he ogy or medicine, literature studied chemistry under Pro- and peace. The will was fessor T. J. Pelouze. It was challenged by relatives, there that Alfred first came authorities in several coun- into contact with nitroglyc- tries and by Swedish King erine, which was invented by the Italian and handled safely. It was patented Oscar II. Thus began a long process Ascanio Sobrero. Nitroglycerine was a in 1867 under the name dynamite. on the road to realising Alfred Nobel’s highly explosive liquid considered too With the patenting of different forms vision. After a few years of compli- dangerous to be useful. of dynamite together with detonators, cated legal processes led by the execu- Alfred Nobel returned to Sweden which he had invented previously, tors of the will, Ragnar Sohlman and and soon began experimenting with Alfred Nobel achieved his major tech- Rudolf Lilljequist, the Nobel Founda- nitroglycerine, both in its production nical and industrial breakthroughs. tion was established in 1900 and the and in making the substance reliable first Nobel Prizes were awarded the enough to use in industry. The work ALFRED NOBEL LED the rapid exploita- following year. was dangerous and an accident killed tion of his inventions and built several people, including his younger factories and laboratories around brother Emil. the world — Vinterviken in Sweden,

21 “We live today in a time of growing tribal enmities, of communities fracturing into bitterly opposed groups. Like literature, my own field, the Nobel Prize is an idea that, in times like these, helps us to think beyond our dividing walls, that reminds us of what we must struggle for together as human beings.”

KAZUO ISHIGURO, NOBEL BANQUET SPEECH DECEMBER 10, 2017

PHOTO: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD

22 “We benefited from an enlightened post-war period in the United States: Our National Institutes of Health have enthusiastically and generously supported basic research. Although it continues to be the essential foundation for progress in more applied areas, the current climate in the U.S. is a warning that continued support cannot be taken for granted.”

MICHAEL ROSBASH, NOBEL BANQUET SPEECH DECEMBER 10, 2017

23 GROWING OPERATIONS

THE NOBEL FOUNDATION carries out its 2011, see further info on page 25. Cost dation. Another part of the picture is that task of safeguarding the financial position savings have been implemented within all new scientific prizes are being established, of the Nobel Prize and maintaining the of the Foundation’s major expense cate- often with substantially higher prize intangible assets that have evolved over gories: the total Prize amount, the work amounts. time from a perspective of perpetuity. of the Nobel Committees and especially To enable it to manage these chal- Ultimately, this is a matter of ensuring that central administration and the Nobel lenges, the Foundation will require good the Nobel Prize can always continue to be Week in Stockholm. returns on its invested capital, which may awarded as a way of honouring signifi- be difficult over the next few decades cant discoveries and contributions to the THIS IMPROVED FINANCIAL SITUATION in light of today’s high financial market greatest benefit to mankind. does not imply that the Nobel Founda- valuations. In addition, continued good During the 2010s, the Foundation has tion has no financial challenges. Today’s cost control will be needed. During 2017, worked hard to strengthen the finances of Nobel Prize amount is about the same the Board of Directors thus decided that the Nobel Prize. This has included devel- as when the Prize was established, taking the Nobel Foundation will also work oping a good investment process as well into account inflation in Sweden. In proactively to obtain donations. as cutting costs. Its work has borne fruit, retrospect, the Prize has essentially fallen and the Foundation’s financial situation by about two per cent annually over the MAINTAINING INTANGIBLE ASSETS is has improved significantly since 2011, past 100 years compared to wage and complex and includes many different mainly due to good returns on assets but salary growth. A continuation of this trend kinds of efforts. The most important, of also because of cost reductions. is deemed undesirable, and the Board of course, is the work carried out by the The market value of the Nobel Foun- Directors of the Nobel Foundation has prize-awarding institutions to select the dation’s invested capital has increased by thus declared as its ambition that the Nobel Laureates. The strategy document one and a half billion kronor over the past Prize must increase at the same pace as for the Nobel sphere approved in 2016 six years, from less than SEK 3 billion in real wages. also highlights the importance of the 2011 to about SEK 4.5 billion at the end Reinforcing the financial pressures externally funded organisations that have of 2017 − primarily as a consequence of on the Foundation is the fact that aside been formed for the purpose of engaging, the Foundation’s successful investment from the Prize, its main expenses are inspiring and disseminating knowledge activities. This, in turn, is mainly but not salaries, which in this kind of operations to a broad general public based on the entirely due to the generally good per- will hardly be matched by productivity Nobel Prize and the Laureates’ discover- formance of financial markets, since the improvements. Foundation expenditures ies. The organisational structure of these Foundation’s earnings have been better also tend to increase as a result of new entities can be seen below. than those of similar Nordic investors. needs due to the role of the Nobel Prize Today the activities of these organi- Operating expenses as a share of as one of the world’s most prestigious sations are successful and growing. The invested capital have decreased from 3.8 awards, with a highly attractive brand. tables on page 25 presents, for example, to 2.5 per cent between 2005 and 2017. Among other things, this requires more that the revenues of the various entities Today, the level of operating expenses extensive communications activities and have increased significantly. In 2006 the is also nearly 20 per cent lower than in poses difficult legal issues for the Foun- total number of visitors to the Nobel

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE, MARCH 2018

NOBEL­ FOUNDATION

ALFRED NOBEL MEMORIAL FOUNDATION

NOBEL ­GROUP INTERESTS AB

NOBEL PEACE NOBEL NOBEL CENTER NOBEL­ NOBEL NOBEL- PRIZE RESEARCH PEACE CENTER FOUNDATION MUSEUM AB MEDIA AB HUSET AB & FOUNDATION INFO. AS

24 The Nobel Museum is very well-visited, especially at the announcement of the new Nobel Prizes in October.

Museum in Stockholm and the Nobel local authorities as well as from educa- BASED ON POSITIVE EXPERIENCES from Peace Center in Oslo was about 200,000. tional and philanthropic organisations. the existing activities, major new steps are In 2017 they had a total of some 500,000 In recent years, however, their own now under way towards creating the new visitors – an increase of 150 percent revenues from entrance fees, busi- Nobel Center in Stockholm. It will offer during this period. ness activities and other sources have a broad array of public activities with a become increasingly important, provid- focus on exhibitions, programme activities THERE IS EXTENSIVE INTEREST in the ing a more stable economic base. Nobel and education, but it will also serve as a Nobel Prize worldwide. This is clear from Media’s operations are funded mainly base for growing international activities. the public activities carried out by Nobel from support by corporate partners and A survey conducted in 2017 by Media. Nearly four million individuals sponsors. In recent years, it has built up IPSOS, an international market research follow the Nobel Prize via Facebook, a group of international partners − today firm, indicated strong interest among 318,000 via Twitter and 100,000 via including 3M, Ericsson, Scania and Volvo the general public. It showed that 53 per Instagram. The Nobel Prize has its largest Cars. Other sponsors are connected to cent of Stockholm residents were very number of followers in the United States the respective public entities or specific or fairly positive towards the plans for and India; Sweden only accounts for activities. a Nobel Center, while 24 per cent were a fraction. These followers are distrib- Overall, the finances of these oper- neither positive nor negative and 18 per uted evenly between the sexes, and the ating entities have become stronger cent were negative. Younger people were biggest age category is 18–35 years old. – which is attributable to new financing more positive than the older generation. This young audience is also an important models, but mainly due to strong interest target group for the meetings on crucial in the Nobel Prize. This interest is evident THE NOBEL PRIZE can play a positive issues for our future that Nobel Media both in the numerous followers on digital role in highlighting the value of science, organises in Sweden and abroad, with channels and the growing number of vis- humanism and peace efforts in our era. the ambition to engage people and itors to the museums. All indications are This is one of the central concepts in the generate dialogue between science and that there is no conflict between the var- will of Alfred Nobel, and it also perme- society. ious platforms. On the contrary, interest ates the broad outreach activities that The museums in Oslo and Stock- in physical meetings and lively dialogues have been developed for the purpose of holm have traditionally been financed seems to be increasing among those who engaging, inspiring and spreading knowl- largely with grants from national or use digital media. edge in the spirit of the Nobel Prize.

3 x OMSÄTTNING 1THENobelstiftelsen NOBEL FOUNDATION, – kostnader OPERATING i NOBEL2006-2017 MUSEUM (tkr) AB, NOBEL PEACE THE NOBEL MUSEUM AB AND THE EXPENSES,förh t kapital NOMINAL 2006-2017 VALUES, (tkr) CENTER FOUNDATION AND NOBEL NOBEL PEACE CENTER FOUNDATION, 2005–2017 (SEK K)* MEDIA AB, REVENUES 2006–2017 (SEK K) VISITORS 2006–2017 150,000 200,000 500,000

175,000 400,000

125,000 150,000 300,000

125,000 200,000 100,000

100,000 100,000

75,000 75,000 0 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 *) The raise of the prize sum explains the increase in 2017. PHOTO: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD All other costs are continuously decreasing.

25 The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony does by tradition take place on December 10, the day that Alfred Nobel passed away.

In October each year the new Nobel laureates are announced and there is interest Olga Botner, member of the Physics Committee, presented the discovery which was from media globally. Thomas Perlmann, secretary of the Nobel Assembly at Karoliska awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics. Institutet and the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine does many interviews this time of year.

26 THE INSTITUTIONS THAT SELECT NOBEL LAUREATES

IN HIS WILL, Alfred Nobel stipulated Nobel Committees evaluate nominations the prize will be awarded. which institutions should select Nobel for the respective Nobel Prizes and exten- The procedures may vary somewhat Laureates in each prize category. Presum- sively examine a selection of the nominees. between the Nobel Committees, but the ably, he chose the academic institutions They subsequently present their selection process is largely the same across that he considered to be best suited to ­proposals for Nobel Laureates to the all prize categories. The Committees first the task. Nobel was less specific regard- respective prize-awarding institution. The confirm that the nominations were sub- ing the organisation that was to manage actual decision as to who will be awarded mitted by individuals who have the right to his assets. What would later become the Nobel Prizes is made not by the respec- nominate. Since a nomination is only valid Nobel Foundation was only mentioned in tive Nobel Committees, but by all mem- for the current year, it is common for some his will as a fund. bers of the prize-awarding institution. candidates to be nominated several times. The Nobel Prize’s internationally For the Peace Prize, Alfred Nobel Some candidates may also be nominated unique position is largely due to the referred to the Storting (national parlia- by more than one nominator in the same century-long independence of the ment) in Norway in his will. The Storting year. Nominations are recorded and prize-awarding institutions in selecting appoints the five members of the Norwe- compiled in a list. This list is processed in a Nobel Laureates. The fact that these gian Nobel Committee. The Norwegian series of phases during the spring. Initially, organisations have engaged exceptionally Nobel Committee differs from the other it consists of a large selection of names, knowledgeable individuals within their prize-awarding institutions in the sense which is then narrowed down to a smaller own organisations as well as extensive that it is responsible both for evaluating number of candidates. These candidates international expertise has played a vital the nominees and selecting the recipient. are then evaluated in depth with the role in achieving this standing. assistance of domestic and foreign experts. IN SEPTEMBER OF EACH YEAR the respec- During the summer the Nobel Committee THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF tive Nobel Committees send out individual members produce a comprehensive report SCIENCES selects the Nobel Laureates in invitations to thousands of members detailing the candidate or candidates Physics and Chemistry. It also selects the of academies, university ­professors and proposed as the recipient(s) of the year’s recipients of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in other scientists in numerous ­countries, Nobel Prize. The proposal is presented to Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred previous Laureates, members of the members of the prize-awarding insti- Nobel, established in 1968 on the occa- ­parliamentary assemblies and others. tution in September. The final selection of sion of the Riksbank’s (Sweden’s central The invitation recipients are chosen so Nobel Laureates takes place by a vote. The bank) 300th anniversary. The Academy to ensure that as many countries and decisions are announced by the respective has about 450 Swedish and about 175 universities as possible are represented prize-awarding institutions immediately foreign members. over time. A much broader group can after the vote, usually during the first The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska make nominations for the Nobel Peace half of October. According to the Nobel Institutet selects the Nobel Laureates in Prize without receiving an invitation from Foundation’s statutes, prizes can be equally Physiology or Medicine. The Assembly the Norwegian Nobel Committee com- shared between two works, though by not has 50 members. pared to the other prizes. This nomination more than three individuals. All documents The Swedish Academy selects the procedure for the Nobel Prize differs from related to the nomination process and eva­ Nobel Laureates in Literature. The many other prizes where it is the respon- luations remain confidential for 50 years. ­Academy has 18 members. sible committee which appoints both the All of these institutions appoint nominees and the recipients. More information about the prize-­awarding special Nobel Committees of three to five Those who have been invited are able institutions is available on their respective members, a secretary and, in some cases, to nominate candidates for the coming websites: also deputies. Members are elected for a year. Nominations, which are confidential, www.kva.se term of three years and may serve for a must be received by the Committees no www.nobelprizemedicine.org maximum of three consecutive terms. The later than 31 January of the year in which www.svenskaakademien.se www.nobelpeaceprize.org SELECTING NOBEL LAUREATES

COMMITTEE SUBMITS NOBEL PRIZE AWARD DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS ­CEREMONY NOMINATION FORMS ARE ASSESSMENT OF CANDIDATES WITH THE NOBEL LAUREATES ARE SENT OUT ASSISTANCE OF EXTERNAL EXPERTS CHOSEN AND ANNOUNCED

SEPTEMBER 31 JANUARY FEBRUARY–AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 10 DECEMBER

THE NOBEL PRIZE AWARD CEREMONY, PHOTO: PI FRISK. INTERVIEW, PHOTO: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD

27 THE NOBEL FOUNDATION

THE NOBEL FOUNDATION, a private insti- office in Oslo. The Institute administers Microfluidics, organisers: Professors Johan tution established in 1900, has ultimate the activities connected with the awarding Elf and Thomas Laurell, Sånga Säby responsibility for fulfilling the intentions of the Nobel Peace Prize, including press ­Conference Centre, Svartsjö, Sweden, in Alfred Nobel’s will. The main mission of conferences, the Award Ceremony and June 5–8, 2017 and NS 163 Protein the Nobel Foundation is to manage Alfred the Banquet. ­Folding from Molecular Mechanisms to Nobel’s fortune in a manner that ensures Impact on Cells, organiser: Professor a secure financial standing for the Nobel THE MARKET VALUE of the Nobel Founda- ­Pernilla ­Wittung-Stafshede, Sånga Säby, Prize over the long term and that the tion’s total invested capital amounted to June 11–14, 2017. prize-awarding institutions are guaranteed SEK 4,496 m (4,241) at the end of 2017. independence in their work of selecting Portfolio capital was allocated among THE NOBEL PRIZE-AWARDING institutions; recipients. The Foundation is also tasked 50 (50) per cent equity funds, 7 (7) per the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, with strengthening the Nobel Prize’s cent property funds, 17 (17) per cent fixed the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska position by administering and developing income assets, 25 (26) per cent alternative Institutet, the Swedish Academy and the the brands and intangible assets that have assets and 1 per cent accrued currency Norwegian Nobel Committee, appoint been built up during the Nobel Prize’s hedging income. 15 trustees to the Nobel Foundation, for history, which spans more than 100 years. The year’s return on portfolio capital two calendar years at a time. Six repre- The Nobel Foundation also strives to was 8.7 per cent. sentatives are appointed by the Academy safeguard the prize-awarding institutions’ During 2017 the overall sum of all of Sciences and the other prize-award- common interests and to represent the Nobel Prizes and operating expenses ing institutions appoint three each. The Nobel sphere. In the past two decades a was SEK 102.6 m (97.2). This was divided Academy of Sciences also appoints number of public operations have been among four main categories: the Prizes, four deputies and the other institutions developed with the aim of inspiring and SEK 45 m; compensation to the Prize appoint two deputies each. The trustees disseminating knowledge about the Committees, SEK 27.1 m; the Nobel Week elect a chairman from their own number. Nobel Prize. in Stockholm and Oslo, SEK 15.3 m; plus The most important task of the trustees is The Nobel Foundation has overall administration etc., SEK 15.1 m. to appoint the Nobel Foundation’s Board responsibility for the Nobel Week that Additional information about the and to audit the Nobel Foundation’s takes place in Stockholm in December. Nobel Foundation’s financial manage- accounts. This week has a busy schedule for the ment is available in the Foundation’s Nobel Laureates, culminating in the 2017 Annual Report, which is available at THE NOBEL FOUNDATION’S BOARD, which Nobel Prize Award Ceremony and the Nobelprize.org. is based in Stockholm, consists of seven Nobel Banquet held on 10 December. Symposium activities as well as other members and two deputy members. Both of these events are planned and run large interdisciplinary meetings in the Board members and deputies are by the Foundation. Nobel sphere are prepared by the Nobel appointed for a term of two years each. Foundation’s Programme Committee, From among its own members, the Board THE NORWEGIAN NOBEL INSTITUTE was which includes representatives of the chooses a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairper- established in 1904 and acts as the prize-awarding institutions and the Nobel son and an Executive Director. Norwegian Nobel Committee’s secretar- Foundation. During 2017 the following iat and the Nobel Foundation’s branch Nobel Symposia took place: NS 162,

THE MARKET VALUE OF THE NOBEL FOUNDATION’S INVESTED CAPITAL, NOMINAL VALUE (2000–2017) MSEK The market value of the Nobel Foundation’s invested 4,500 capital fell during the IT crash (2000–2003) and the recent financial crisis (2007–2008), which was mainly due to a high allocation to equities. In recent years, 4,000 several changes have been made in the investment strategy, among other things a larger share of the capital 3,500 has been invested in alternative assets. From the year 2011 the capital has grown from 3 billion to 4.5 billion SEK at the end of the year 2017. 3,000

2,500

2,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

28 All 2017 Nobel Laureates present in Stockholm visited the Nobel Foundation for a reception to end the Nobel Week. The Peace Prize awarded organisation ICAN was represented by their Executive Director Beatrice Fihn and Josefin Lind from the Swedish Physicians Against Nuclear Weapons organisation.

“The values expressed in Alfred Nobel’s will are still relevant today. Humanistic values, critical thinking, the search for scientific facts and true knowledge must be the basis of our actions and decisions.” CARL-HENRIK HELDIN, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF THE NOBEL FOUNDATION, IN HIS SPEECH AT THE NOBEL PRIZE AWARD CEREMONY

The Nobel Foundation is located at Sturegatan 14 in Stockholm.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2017

Carl-Henrik Heldin, Professor, Chairman Thomas Perlmann, Professor, Secretary Göran K. Hansson, Professor, Vice General of the Nobel Assembly at the Chairman, Secretary General of the Royal Karolinska Institutet and the Nobel Swedish Academy of Sciences committee for Physiology or Medicine Lars Heikensten, Dr, Executive Director of Tomas Nicolin, MSc Number of employees: 11 the Nobel Foundation Gunnar von Heijne, Professor, Secretary Executive Director: Lars Heikensten, Dr Sara Danius, Professor, Permanent Secretary of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, Deputy Member Established: 1900 of the Swedish Academy Corporate ID No.: 802002-4462 Berit Reiss-Andersen, Lawyer, Chair of the Gunnar Ingelman, Professor, Secretary of Address: Sturegatan 14, Stockholm, Norwegian Nobel Committee the Nobel Committee for Physics, Deputy Sweden Member Contact: [email protected], +46 (0)8-663 09 20 Website: www.nobelprize.org/ nobel_organizations/nobelfoundation/

GROUP PHOTO: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD. THE SIGN, PHOTO: ORASIS.

29 NOBEL MEDIA AB

NOBEL MEDIA SPREADS KNOWLEDGE Nobel Prize Inspiration Initiative tions and panel discussions. For the first about Nobel Prize-awarded achievements creates closer contacts between the Nobel time ever, a Nobel Prize Dialogue was and stimulates interest in science, literature Laureates and the global research com- organised in Seoul. The theme was The and peace in line with Alfred Nobel’s vision. munity. In 2017 events were held in Ger- Age to Come. During the dialogue, the The company’s operations have two main many, Brazil, Norway, Sweden and Spain. challenges of an ageing population were pillars. The first is digital dissemination Nobel Laureates took part in lectures, addressed both from an individual and a and content publishing on the official roundtables and panel discussions in ten global perspective. Nobelprize.org website as well as through cities in total. The Nobel Prize Inspiration social media. The second is international, Initiative focuses specifically on informal SVT PRODUCED the annual live broadcasts inspirational events such as Nobel Week interactions between Nobel Laureates and from the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony and Dialogue, Nobel Prize Dialogue, Nobel young scientists. The insightful exchanges Banquet in Stockholm, while Norwegian Prize Series and Nobel Prize Inspiration from these events are filmed and made Television (NRK) produced the annual Initiative – all of them featuring Nobel available online to a wider audience. Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony in Laureates. Nobel Media also produces the During January 9–14, Nobel Prize Oslo. International distribution rights of live annual Nobel Prize Concert in Stockholm Series India 2017 was held, with the broadcasts are managed by Nobel Media and manages a portfolio of publishing theme Science Impacts Life. The pro- and distributed via global news agencies licenses. gramme was Nobel Media’s most ambi- – such as Reuters, APTN and the Euro- During the year Nobel Media has tious so far in several aspects, including pean Broadcasting Union (EBU). SVT also put efforts to continually find new ways number of participating Nobel Laureates produced a live broadcast from the Nobel to convey powerful stories linked to the and number of activities as well as audi- Prize Concert in Stockholm. Nobel Prize digitally to reach a worldwide ence reached and media coverage. Nine audience. The official Nobel Prize account Nobel Laureates took part in conferences, NOBEL MEDIA CONTINUED its long-term on Facebook reached an impressive lectures, roundtables and other meetings Nobel International Partnership with 3M, 3.8 million by the end of the year. together with students from several uni- Ericsson, Scania and Volvo Cars. Dur- versities, business leaders, politicians and ing the year Nobel Media has arranged THE ANNUAL, PUBLIC EVENT Nobel Week other guests. The programme included several Nobel Prize Inspiration Initiative Dialogue took place in Gothenburg on the Nobel Museum’s exhibition The Nobel events with AstraZeneca. Furthermore, December 9 and presented seven Nobel Prize: Ideas Changing the World. Nobel Media has collaborated with Laureates, thought-leaders and delegates There were two Nobel Prize Dia- various companies and organisations to discuss one of the hottest topics of our logues arranged internationally during for events held in Sweden and around time: The Future of Truth. The interest was 2017: one in Tokyo on February 26 and the world, including Carl Bennet AB, the high which was shown by that the 2017 one in Seoul on October 30. The theme City of Gothenburg, DNB, Department Nobel Week Dialogue had a record num- of the Nobel Prize Dialogue in Tokyo of Biotechnology (Ministry of Science ber of 1,658 participants. During this day was The Future of Intelligence. Five Nobel and Technology, Government of India), alone, more than 1.5 million people were Laureates came together with business ­Government of Gujarat, Japan Society reached when selected content from the leaders, policy makers and world-class for the Promotion of Science, Korean Nobel Week Dialogue was published via academics for discussions. The confer- ­Academy of Science and Technology, Nobel Prize’s digital channels. The full day ence gathered a combination of intel- Microsoft, Region Västra Götaland was also broadcasted live on the Swedish lectuals discussing artificial and human and The Sten A Olsson Foundation for public service television broadcaster (SVT). intelligence, both in plenary presenta- Research and Culture.

Nobel Prize Dialogue in Seoul, The Age to Come, focused on the challenges of an ageing population. Gustavo Dudamel conducted the 2017 Nobel Prize Concert with the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra.

30 Nobel Prize Dialogue in Seoul was well attended and much appreciated.

One of the most successful posts on the Nobel Prize’s social media channels was this clip of John Legend’s performance at the Peace Prize Award Ceremony, which reached over 12 million individuals on Facebook alone.

Number of Employees: 19 Turnover: SEK 63,692 K Young participants at the Nobel Prize Dialogue in Tokyo, The Future of Intelligence, where artificial CEO: Mattias Fyrenius and human intelligence was discussed. Established: 2004 Corporate ID No.: 556667-5194 Address: Sturegatan 14, Stockholm, Sweden Contact: [email protected], +46 (0)8-663 17 22 PROGRAMME 2018 Website: www.nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/ nobelmedia 1–5 FEBRUARY 9 DECEMBER Nobel Prize Series India 2018 in Goa, Nobel Week Dialogue in Stockholm. Mumbai and Delhi. 10 DECEMBER BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2017 11 MARCH Live broadcasts of the Nobel Prize Nobel Prize Dialogue, Tokyo. Award Ceremonies in Oslo and Lars Heikensten, Dr, Executive Director of the Nobel Stockholm. Foundation, Chairman OCTOBER Daniel Birnbaum, Director of Moderna Museet Live broadcasts of the announcement 11 DECEMBER Karin Hedensjö Pettersson, Director of Public Policy, of the 2017 Nobel Prizes on Recording of the BBC-produced Schibsted Nobelprize.org. Nobel Minds Debate. Mia Horn af Rantzien, CEO of SNS DECEMBER As part of Nobel Prize Inspiration Sara Mazur, Vice President and Head of Ericsson Interviews with Nobel Laureates Initiative (NPII), Nobel Laureates will Research and live broadcasts from the Nobel participate in international seminars Marie Nilsson, CEO of Mediavision Lectures on Nobelprize.org. held at various universities and Olav Njølstad, Professor, Director of the Norwegian research centres around the world. 8 DECEMBER Nobel Institute Nobel Prize Concert at the Concert Juleen Zierath, Professor, associate member of the Hall in Stockholm. Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine and member of the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet For more information: www.nobelprize.org, facebook.com/NobelPrize, Erika Lanner, General Counsel, Nobel Foundation, twitter.com/NobelPrize Deputy Member

THE NOBEL PRIZE CONCERT, PHOTO: NIKLAS ELMEHED. THE OTHER PHOTOS: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD.

31 NOBEL MUSEUM AB

THE MISSION OF THE NOBEL MUSEUM is THE YEAR’S EXHIBITIONS BEGAN with were also held, with a particular focus on to carry out museum, educational, and Experiment – Ideas, Tools and Nobel Prizes, the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals research activities based on the Nobel featuring several interactive elements – a theme that was in great demand from Prize and the discoveries and achieve- which allowed visitors to try their hands at teachers and pupils. One new initia- ments made by the Nobel Laureates. pioneering experiments from the history tive during the autumn was to publish When the Nobel Museum was inaugu- of the Nobel Prizes. September saw the educational materials in both English and rated, in the Old Stock Exchange Building opening of the Literary Rebellion exhibi- Swedish about the prize-awarded work in the Old Town of Stockholm in 2001, it tion, with images by Spanish photogra- within a day of the Nobel Prizes being was intended to be a temporary solution pher Kim Manresa. announced. These materials were used by before moving to permanent locations. A number of smaller exhibitions were teachers all over the world. From the very beginning travelling also produced during the year, including exhibitions met large audiences around the annual Nobel Diploma Exhibition, a INTERNATIONALLY, the year began with a the world, complementing the activities new section about how Nobel Laureates Nobel Prize Series in Ahmedabad, India. in Stockholm. At home the number of are chosen, an exhibition about Nobel Almost 300,000 visitors saw the exhibition visitors has increased steadily and 2017 Literature Laureate Ivo Andric, and the The Nobel Prize: Ideas Changing the World was the year when the museum wel- Nobel Museum Bookbinding Exhibition over the course of six weeks. In Dubai, comed more than a quarter of a million featuring works by Patrick Modiano and the exhibition The Nobel Prize in Physics: visitors for the first time. This means that Svetlana Alexievich. Students from three Exploring Matter – opened in February. the museum already has nearly half of the arts schools (Fotoskolan STHLM, Beck- The exhibition was staged at Children City, 600,000 visitors expected in the planned mans College of Design and the Royal and was arranged as a touring exhibition Nobel Center at Blasieholmen. College of Music in Stockholm) found so that it can also be exhibited at other Even if the realisation of the build- ways to depict the 2017 Nobel Prizes in locations around the world. ing may take time, the Nobel Museum the exhibition Nobel Creations shown at is intended to be transferred, from the Kulturhuset and in the Skrapan building in THE MUSEUM HAS during the past year limited liability company running it today, co-operation with Nobel Center c/o. undertaken the responsibility for manag- to the non-profit Nobel Center Founda- During the year, the Education ing the collections of the Nobel Museum tion. Efforts intensified during the year Department organised The Bee Hunt, with in Karlskoga, Björkborn. to prepare for broad Nobel Prize related young people analysing the bee’s honey content that the planned building at stomach as part of the hunt for new anti- Blasieholmen will offer the public. biotics. A number of Teachers’ Evenings

Under the tagline Nobel Calling! several events open for the general public was hosted in October and a number of them took place at the Nobel Museum.

32 The Education Department organised a project called The Bee Hunt during 2017.

Barry C. Barish signed a chair during his visit to the Nobel Museum, according to a longstanding tradition.

Number of employees: 43 Turnover: SEK 74,492 K The exhibition Nobel Creations was arranged in association with the Royal College of Music Executive Director: Olov Amelin, Ph.D in Stockholm and Beckmans College of Design. This particular creation was inspired by the Literature prize and designed by Clara Nordwall and Robin Söderholm. Established: 2004. Prior to this, activities were conducted within the Nobel Foundation Rights Association Corporate ID No.: 556667-5210 Address: Stortorget 2, Stockholm, Sweden PROGRAMME 2018 Contact: [email protected], +46 (0)8-534 818 00 Website: www.nobelmuseum.se 1 FEBRUARY 28 SEPTEMBER Opening of the traveling exhibition Opening of the exhibition The Right Ideas Changing the World in Goa, to Freedom – Martin Luther King, Jr. India. BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2017 OCTOBER Lars Heikensten, Dr, Executive Director of the Nobel 4 FEBRUARY Announcement of the 2018 Nobel Foundation, Chairman Opening of the traveling exhibition Prizes. Ulf Danielsson, Professor, Uppsala University Connecting Elements, Dubai, UAE. OCTOBER Peje Emilsson, Founder and Chairman Kreab 26 FEBRUARY Presentation of the 2018 Nobel Marika Hedin, honorary doctor, Museum director at Opening of the Nobel Museum’s Prizes. Museum Gustavianum (Uppsala University Museum) new Room for Kids in the Bubble Klas Kärre, Professor, Associate Member of the Nobel Chamber. NOVEMBER Committee for Physiology or Medicine and member of Bookbinding Exhibition. the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet 21 APRIL Nina Wormbs, Associate Professor, Royal Institute of Culture Night. Theme: Literary 10 DECEMBER Technology (KTH) Rebellion. Celebration of the Nobel Day at the Nobel Museum. Sara Öhrvall, Senior Adviser and Co-Founder of MindMill Network This list represents a selection of events. Erika Lanner, General Counsel, Nobel Foundation, For a complete list, please visit www.nobelmuseum.se Deputy Member

NOBEL CREATIONS, PHOTO: PI FRISK, THE OTHER PHOTOS: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD

33 NOBEL CENTER

NEW LIFE WAS BREATHED into the hosted a packed daily programme for businesses and individuals. long-standing Nobel Center dream in school pupils and passers-by, and a pub A number of locations around the December 2011, when the City of Stock- evening for international students was city were studied before the Nobel holm and the Nobel Foundation reached also arranged. The first Nobel Teacher Foundation and the City of Stockholm an agreement to work together on its Summit brought together 350 teachers in September 2011 jointly proposed the construction on Blasieholmen in Stock- from around the globe to discuss com- Blasieholmen peninsula in central Stock- holm. Nobel Center will be an intellectual mon challenges in a world where facts holm as the best location for a building living room at the very heart of Stockholm, and knowledge are called into question. to accommodate a broad range of public where people will want to come to ask, During Nobel Week, three of the 2017 activities associated with science, literature learn, discuss and experience. Based on the Nobel Laureates also visited the Swed- and peace efforts. These are questions that Nobel Prize’s unique combination of fields ish Parliament to talk with our elected deserve to be placed in the very heart of – natural sciences, literature and peace – representatives about the importance of the city since they will attract not only the Nobel Center want to invite to exhibitions, investing in science and knowledge. This many foreign visitors but also thousands school programmes, lectures and dialogues was an initial example of successful coop- of school pupils and Stockholmers. about the great issues of our time. eration between Parliament and Nobel The design of the building was In 2017, preparatory work with the Center. Discussions were also held during selected through an international archi- programme and educational activities the week on the theme of music and tectural competition. In April 2014, it was have intensified and Nobel Center c/o has science, with conductor Gustavo Dudamel announced that David Chipperfield and reached new audiences on different loca- meeting Nobel Laureate Frank Wilczek. Christoph Felger had won the competi- tions around Stockholm. Seminars with tion with their timeless, elegant design. Nobel Laureates and other experts were MORE THAN SEK 1.1 BILLION, of the 1.2 held on a number of occasions. Nobel estimated budget for the building, has IN AUGUST 2017, Ylva Lageson became Center began working with the Royal Dra- now been secured. In addition, the Swed- CEO of Nobelhuset AB. With 20 years of matic Theatre on a series of Performance ish Government has also announced that experience in the construction industry, Lectures, combining science with the dra- it will contribute SEK 40 million annually she is now leading the work to prepare the matic arts. The first event saw KTH Royal towards the operation of Nobel Center project for the start of construction. This Institute of Technology’s Professor Danica for the first three years after it opens its includes refining the internal plans for the Kragic Jensfelt give lectures on robots. doors. Together with increased financial building and preparing for a more highly support from the City of Stockholm, developed construction programme. In NOBEL CALLING! featured many open operations will therefore receive SEK 60 February 2017, the county administrative activities in connection with the million a year in funding for a three-year board announced its ruling and rejected announcement of the year’s Nobel Prize period. This means that, during normal all appeals against the City of Stockholm’s in October. An enthusiastic audience operation – with the expected 600,000 decision to adopt the local plan. Since spent an evening at the Rival Theatre visitors – half of the costs have already then, the Land and Environment Court has celebrating and learning about the year’s been covered which provides a stable been carrying out an investigation. scientific Nobel Prizes, and Stockholm base for the project. The majority of the City Library was filled to capacity when financing for the building has been pro- NOBELHUSET AB is the company that has Literature Laureate Herta Müller gave a vided by the Erling-Persson Family Foun- been entrusted with planning, building, reading from her novel The Hunger Angel. dation and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg owning, administering and developing Peace Laureate Shirin Ebadi and Chemis- Foundation, jointly contributing SEK 800 Nobel Center. Operational development try Laureate Ben Feringa recounted their million. Since then, a further SEK 300 will be carried out by the Nobel Center Nobel journeys. The Nobel Museum million has been donated by foundations, Foundation.

“It is important to understand what the Nobel Laureates have achieved, what expertise they have, what they have discovered and how their discoveries can be used today and in the future.” ANNA WEDELL, CHAIRMAN OF THE NOBEL COMMITTEE FOR PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE AT THE RIVAL THEATRE DURING THE SPEED COURSE PRESENTING THE 2017 NOBEL PRIZES

34 The audience at Rival was told about the Nobel Prize and was asked to signal if they understood or not.

Nobel Center, created by David Chipperfield and Christoph Felger, will be a public building located at Blasieholmen in Stockholm.

PROGRAMME 2018 As the 2018 Nobel Prizes are announced in October several events will be held, for example a Crash Course in the 2018 science prizes, an international student pub anf Nobel Teacher Summit. FRIDAY 23 FEBRUARY Curious of Behavioural Economics Micael Dahlén and Gustav Källstrand. Discussions were also held during the Nobel Week on the theme of music and science where conductor Gustavo Dudamel (photo) met Nobel Laureate Frank FRIDAY 23 MARCH Wilczek. Our Diabetes with Peter and Karin Jihde as well as Viveca Gydberg. FRIDAY 20 APRIL Curious of our Sense of Smell Jonas Olofsson and Gustav Källstrand. NOBELHUSET AB TUESDAY 1 MAY Creating Music with a Nobel Laureate. Grammy nominated Stacey Number of employees: 2 Kent and Jim Tomlinson on their cooperation with Kazuo Ishiguro. Turnover: SEK 6,000 K CEO: Ylva Lageson FRIDAY 28 SEPTEMBER Established: 2012 About Martin Luther King, Jr. Corporate Reg. No. 556884-6421 Address: Sturegatan 14, Stockholm, Sweden For an updated and complete programme, please visit Contact: [email protected] www.nobelcenter.se Website: www.nobelcenter.se

BOARD OF DIRECTORS,NOBEL CENTER BOARD OF DIRECTORS, NOBELHUSET AB 2017 FOUNDATION 2017 Lars Heikensten, Dr, Executive Director of the Nobel Foundation, Lars Heikensten, Dr, Executive Director of the Nobel Foundation, Chairman Chairman Lars Anell, former Chairman of the Swedish Research Council Helene Andersson Svahn, Professor, Royal Institute of Technology Birgitta Ed, partner, and one of the founders of Six Year Plan Cecilia Gunne, Lawyer, Lindskog Malmström Advokatbyrå Gunnar von Heijne, Professor, Secretary of the Nobel Committee Benny Fredriksson, Executive Director Kultuthuset Stadsteatern for Chemistry Göran K. Hansson, Professor, Secretary General of the Royal Eva Nygren, Architect, Director of Investment at the Swedish Swedish Academy of Sciences Transport Administration Gunnar von Heijne, Professor, Secretary of the Nobel Committee Anders Nylander, former CEO of Atrium Ljungberg for Chemistry Stefan Ränk, CEO, Einar Mattsson AB Staffan Normark, Professor, Karolinska Institutet Erika Lanner, General Counsel, Nobel Foundation, Deputy Member Bente Erichsen, director, author Per Wästberg, Author, Member of the Swedish Academy

ALL PHOTOS: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD

35 NOBEL PEACE CENTER FOUNDATION

THE NOBEL PEACE CENTER is a museum prejudices – their own and other people’s. Nissen’s documentary photos accessible dedicated to the Nobel Peace Prize, This was a very popular visitor activity to the people sharing the award. President located right in the heart of Oslo – next that led to lots of interesting discussions Santos attended the opening in Bogotá – to Oslo City Hall, where the Nobel Peace between the museum’s visitors and just as he did in Oslo in December of the Prize is awarded every year. The Center employees. Over 10,000 visitors shared previous year. The education programme showcases the Peace Prize Laureates and their prejudices on small cards that were created for Norwegian schoolchildren at their work, the life story of Alfred Nobel, then shown in the exhibition. the Nobel Peace Center was also adopted as well as relevant exhibitions with a spe- On the second floor, the Peace Prize for use with the Colombian schoolchil- cial focus on documentary photography. exhibition, Hope over Fear, about President dren of Bogotá. Since its opening in 2005, the Nobel Santos and the Colombian people, was Peace Center has become one of Oslo’s shown until November 2017. Beatrice IN RECENT YEARS, the Nobel Peace Center most visited museums, with almost a Fihn, CEO of the Peace Prize awarded has developed into an important arena quarter of a million visitors per year. A organisation ICAN, opened the exhibition for debate and dialogue around war, third of these are children, pupils and Ban the Bomb in December. The focus on peace and conflict resolution. In 2017, students. Over 600 school groups visited nuclear weapons, and ICAN’s work to ban the Nobel Peace Center organised a total the Center in 2017 and they were able them, extended outside the museum with of 92 large and small-scale debates and to choose from 16 different education alternating exhibitions on the Peace Wall. events which attracted a total of 22,000 programmes. In 2015, the construction fence concealing visitors. Many of these were specifically The Center also has a permanent pro- the site where the new National Museum geared towards younger visitors. An gramme of activities for families with chil- was being built was transformed into an election debate in the run-up to the dren and, in 2017, a new Peace Club for arena for contemporary art. In the course Norwegian general election was arranged children opened, featuring a new activity of 2017, three different works were shown in which youth politicians from all parties course about fleeing your country. Mem- on the wall: Unknown Numbers, a tribute participated, and two Bias Nights, during bers are invited in October each year to to advocates of freedom of expression which the prejudices surrounding immi- be Junior Experts when a new Peace Prize from all over the world, Our Tipping Point, gration and Islam were discussed. The Laureate has been announced. The chil- a bright pink pop artwork that was shown events have also been made available via dren hand out information material and during the summer, and Wall on Wall, podcast and thus reach a wider audience talk to visitors about the new Laureate. a documentary photography exhibition than just those who are able to visit the The Nobel Peace Center had an about walls and border fences. Center. Through additional digitalisation extensive exhibition programme in 2017. and off-site activities, the Nobel Peace Three major exhibitions were showcased IN SEPTEMBER 2017, the Nobel Peace Center will continue to strive to reach in the largest of its exhibition spaces on Prize exhibition Hope over Fear opened at new audiences in 2018. the first floor: The Dangerous Prize about the National Museum of Colombia. The The Nobel Peace Center is funded by Carl von Ossietzky, Peace Prize Laure- Peace Prize for 2016 was awarded to the grants from the Ministry of Culture and ate in 1937; Detours, about displaced Colombian president, Juan Manuel San- from its main sponsors: Hydro, Telenor people fleeing their homes; and Shifting tos, but also – according to the Norwegian Group and ABB, in addition to income Boundaries about the changing borders in Nobel Committee – to all the people from tickets and museum shop sales, Europe. As part of the Detours exhibi- of Colombia. Funding from the Norwe- rental income and guided tours. tion, visitors could go to a special Bias gian Ministry of Foreign Affairs made it Bar, where they could share and discuss possible to make photographer Mads

Our Tipping Point, a peice of art at the Peace Wall, right outside the Nobel Peace Center. In September 2017 the exhibition Hope over Fear was inagurated at the National Museum of Colombia.

36 Funding from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs made it possible to make Over 600 school groups visited the Nobel Peace Center in 2017 and they could Mads Nissen’s photos accessible to the people of Colombia. choose from 16 different education programmes.

PROGRAMME AND EXHIBITIONS 2018

JANUARY–NOVEMBER Nobel Peace Prize Exhibition Ban the Bomb about nuclear weapons and ICAN’s work to ban them. FEBRUARY–AUGUST Generation Wealth by Lauren Greenfield. A photography exhibition about the pursuit of status, beauty and wealth. FROM 15 FEBRUARY The Nobel Peace Center has a special Peace Club for children, where members are Topical Thursday at the Nobel Peace Center, every second Thursday invited to the Center in October each year to be Junior Experts when a new Nobel at 6 pm. Free admission. Peace Prize has been announced. 15 APRIL Tourist in your own City. Free admission. MAY Opening of the Photo Camp exhibition on the Peace Wall outside Number of employees: 46 (31 in full time) the Center. In cooperation with National Geographic. Turnover: NOK 55,960 K VD: Liv Tørres SEPTEMBER 2018 – FEBRUARY 2019 Established: 2005 Noble is Mankind: A photography exhibition by Rune Eraker, Corporate ID No.: 985226237 focusing on human rights violations and political prisoners. Address: Brynjulf Bulls Plass 1, Rådhusplassen, Oslo, Norge Contact: [email protected], +47 48 30 10 00 14 SEPTEMBER Website: www.nobelpeacecenter.org Oslo Culture Night. Open until 11 pm. Free admission from 6 pm. OCTOBER Announcement of new Peace Prize Laureates and open day NOBEL PEACE CENTER BOARD, 2017 celebration. Olav Njølstad, Director of the Nobel Institute, Chair 11 DECEMBER Siri Hatlen, Chair of Entra and the Norwegian Board of Technology Opening of the Nobel Peace Prize Exhibition 2018. Kaci Kullman Five, Adviser (January-February 2017) Olov Amelin, Director of the Nobel Museum, Stockholm This is a selection from the programme. Olav Aaraas, Director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History For the full programme visit www.nobelpeacecenter.org Tone Jørstad, Senior Adviser at The Falstad Centre (from May 2017)

THE EXHIBITION IN COLOMBIA, PHOTO: MADS NISSEN. CHILDREN AT THE PEACE CENTER, PHOTO: JOHANNES GRANSETH. THE PEACE WALL, PHOTO: NOBEL PEACE CENTER. SANTOS, PHOTO: INGVILL BRYN RAMBØL. 37 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE – RESEARCH & INFORMATION AS

NOBEL PEACE PRIZE – RESEARCH & Institute. The views and insights gained Aula in Oslo under the heading Across INFORMATION AS, is the research arm from these events resulted in a series of Dividing Lines. The forum was led by Fred of the Norwegian Nobel Institute. It short videos produced by Nobel Media de Sam Lazaro, PBS, with an opening focuses on research and information and made available on YouTube. lecture by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Dr. about peace and conflicts and reflects The seminar topics took their starting Rigoberta Menchú Tum. It also contained the same spirit as is found in the work point from one of the criteria for the a panel discussion with representatives of of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. Nobel Peace Prize as stated by Alfred the Sami and Native American indigenous The company primarily arranges the Nobel in his will: the work towards the communities.The theme of the discus- visiting fellows programme, lectures and reduction of standing armies. The efforts sions addressed indigenous rights within seminars. The Nobel Institute’s visiting towards disarmament in general and the context of social justice and environ- fellows programme began in the early nuclear disarmament in particular has mental protection. 1990s. Since then, it has hosted over 200 been a recurring theme the work awarded fellows studying international history, law, the Nobel Peace Prize. Some of the THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE CONCERT was economics and politics. It is an extension lectures were open to the public, while organised for the 24th time, as a musical of the Nobel Institute’s original ambition others attracted an academic audience celebration of the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize of being an intellectual force in direct and all contributed to a stimulating Laureate ICAN. The concert was hosted contact with the latest developments debate in Norwegian and international by the American artist John Legend and within international politics. media. All the seminars were filmed and held at the Telenor Arena outside Oslo. made available to a global audience. A range of Norwegian and international IN THE SPRING OF 2017, seven political In this way, the organisation was suc- artists contributed to the celebration with scientists, historians and economists were cessful in its ambition to reach out to a music that ranged from pop and rock to invited for research stays in Oslo. This wider audience, an ambition developing the youth performance company Le PeTiT culminated in a wide-ranging research further in 2018. The research activities CiRqUe. The concert was seen by a live seminar held at the Nobel Institute on were funded by grants from the Fritt Ord audience of 9,300 and was broadcast on 23 May under the title Disarmament Foundation, the Carnegie Foundation and Norwegian and international television and Armament Dynamics in the Present private donations. and streamed to a global audience via World, which was also the theme of the YouTube. Warner Bros Norway and the High-level panel on Nuclear Security IN 2017 the Nobel Peace Prize Forum event company Gyro were responsible that took place between 8 and 10 June at Oslo was staged for its second year run- for production and distribution of the the Nobel Peace Center and the Nobel ning on 11 December in the University concert.

Several Norwegian and international artists entered the stage to join the musical tribute, among them were Le PeTiT CiRqUe.

38 Nobel Peace Prize Concert is a celebration to the Nobel Peace Prize. In focus: Beatrice Fihn, Excecutive Director for ICAN.

PROGRAMME 2018

12–14 MARCH Teacher’s course USA under Trump’s politics. 14–16 JUNE Nobel Symposium (NS 163), under the heading Nuclear Disarmament: Desirable? Attainable? Feasible? High Level Panel on Nuclear Threats, in cooperation with the Carnegie Foundation. 11 DECEMBER Nobel Peace Prize Forum Oslo. 11 DECEMBER Nobel Peace Prize Concert. OTHER A number of lectures and scientific seminars are held over the year.

For more info, visit: www.nobelpeaceprize.org/research Nobel Peace Prize Forum 2017, under the headline Across Dividing Lines, was attended by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Rigoberta Menchú Tum.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2017 Olav Njølstad, Director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute, Chairman Henrik Syse, Professor, Oslo Peace Research Institute Number of employees: 1 Address: Henrik Ibsens gate 51, Jon Ola Sand, Executive Supervisor, The European Broadcasting Turnover: NOK 3,285 K Oslo, Norway Union Established: 2010 Contact: +47 22 12 93 00, Corporate ID no: 996179397 [email protected] Asle Toje, Research Director, political scientist Website: Bente Erichsen, film director, author www.nobelpeaceprize.org/research Lotta Wristel, CFO, The Nobel Foundation

NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FORUM, PHOTO: JOHANNES GRANSETH. NOBEL PEACE PRIZE CONCERT, PHOTO: OLAV STUBBERUD/ WARNER BROS. NORGE

39 Highlights in December

After two months in the limelight since the announcements in October, the year’s Nobel Laureates finally arrived in Stockholm and Oslo. These intense days in December not only focus on the new Laureates and their contributions to the greatest benefit to mankind, but are also filled with inspirational interaction and unforgettable moments.

THE MUSICAL DIVERTISSEMENT was inspired by ice and the north- ern lights, Aurora Borealis. There was an interplay in the Blue Hall between the floral decorations, the lighting and the ice sculptures created by the Icehotel in Jukkasjärvi. Among the performers during the evening was Ane Brun. To celebrate Alfred Nobel, who spent his final years in San Remo, Italy the city (Regione Liguria, Comune di Sanremo and Chamber of Commerce Riviere di Liguria) donated flowers to embellish the Concert Hall and the City Hall each year.

ALL OF THE 2017 Nobel Laureates have written their names in the Nobel Founda- tion guest book. Including Beatrice Fihn, Executive Director of the Nobel Peace Prize Awarded organisation ICAN, who visited the Nobel Foundation on December 12.

TORCHLIGHT MARCH FOR PEACE, PHOTO: KEN OPPRANN. THE NOBEL PRIZE AWARD CEREMONY, STAGE AND BACKSTAGE, GUEST BOOK AND RINKEBY LIBRABRY, PHOTO: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD. ALL OTHER PHOTOS: DAN LEPP.

40 ACCORDING TO TRADITION, the Nobel Laureate in Literature visited Rinkeby Library. Kazuo Ishiguro described meeting the students of Rinkeby as one of the most memorable moments during the Nobel Week. Maryan Artan and Leila Friberg White were two of the students that presented their work.

THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE is awarded at Oslo Rådhus on December 10. A torch- light march arranged by the Norwegian Peace Council, takes place the same after- noon, to celebrate the Laureates, ending at Grand Hotel.

41 CHEF TOM SJÖSTEDT (pictured) and Pastry Chef Daniel Roos composed the 2017 Nobel Menu. The starter was vegetarian and consisted of pressed and dried Jerusalem artichoke, served with kohlrabi flowers flavoured with ginger and lightly roasted cabbage broth. Some 40 chefs prepared the menu for four days before the Nobel Banquet at the City Hall, which hosted 1,350 guests.

BACKSTAGE AT THE CONCERT HALL, right before the ceremony ­commences. 16.30 pm sharp, it is time to enter the stage.

STARTER AND CHEF, PHOTO: DAN LEPP. ALL OTHER PHOTOS: ALEXANDER MAHMOUD

42 MICHAEL YOUNG with his family on stage after the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony.

IN CONJUNCTION with the Nobel Prize Concert in Stockholm, many pupils of the musical school El Sistema, from all over the world, got to meet. Some of them came from the Children’s Home in Uummannaq in Greenland.

43 Joachim Frank’s Nobel Diploma. Artist Berndt Wennström, calligrapher Marie A. Györi, cover monogram (not seen on this photo) 44 Marianne Pettersson Soold, book binder Leonard Gustafssons Bokbinderi and photo reproduction Lovisa Engblom. 3 THE NOBEL FOUNDATION – 2017 ANNUAL REVIEW Tel: +46 (0)8 663 09 20 Tel: E-mail: [email protected], Web: Nobelprize.org E-mail: [email protected], Web: P.O. Box 5232, se-102 45 Stockholm, Sweden P.O.