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Nutritional Constituents and Medicinal Values of Momordica Cymbalaria (Athalakkai) - a Review R

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Nutritional Constituents and Medicinal Values of Momordica Cymbalaria (Athalakkai) - a Review R Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2012)S456-S461 S456 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Document heading Nutritional constituents and medicinal values of Momordica cymbalaria (Athalakkai) - A review R. Jeyadevi A, T. Sivasudha*, A.Rameshkumar, B. Sangeetha, D. Arul Ananth, G. Smilin Bell Aseervatham Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620 024, Tamilnadu, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Momordica cymbalaria M. cymbalaria The plant ( ) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, originating 19 2012 M. cymbalaria Received January in tropical regions of India and South East Asia. Hoof. is commonly known as 8 2012 Received in revised form February Karchikai (Kannada) or Athalakkai (Tamil) or Kasarakayee (Andra Pradesh) and Kakrol (India). A 15 M 2012 ccepted arch Athalakkai has been used in various Asian traditional medicine systems for a long time. The plant A 28 A 2012 vailable online pril is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, ulcer, skin disease, and diarrhoea. The fruit of this plant have been reported to possess hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, Keywords: cardio protective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and antioxidant properties. Owing to Momordica cymbalaria anthropogenic activities, such aM.s h acymbalariabitat destruction due to grazing and urbanization, and poor Nutritional composition seed viability and germination, is under threat of extinction. This review focuses Antidiabetic on the cultivation, nutritional and chemical composition, as well as medicinal and therapeutic Insulin mimetic peptide properties of this plant. Micro propagation 1. Introduction one Momordicaof the specietuberosas of cucurbitaceae family. The synonyms are Roxb., or luffa tuberosa Roxb. Cucurbitaceae is a plant family commonly known as The plant is a perennial climber available only during the melons, gourds or cucurbits and includes crops like monsoon season and is found in the south Indian states of cucumbers, squashes (including pumpkins), luffas, melons Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra, (including watermelons). The family is predominantly and Tamil Nadu. The plant is a climbing annual or distributed around the tropics, where those with edible perennial herb with slender, scandent, branched, striate fruits were amongst the earliest cultivated plants in both stem. The plant is traditionally used for the treatment of the Trichosanthesold and new world. Major geCayaponianera under this family diabetes mellitus and also as an antiovulatory agent. (100 ) (60 ) Momordicaare spGuraniaecies , Sicyos species , So far no review has been coveredM. fr ocymbalariam the literature (47 ) (40 ) (40 Cucumis species , species , encompassing valuable attributes of in all species) and (34 species). This is one of the most dimensions. Its versatile utility as a nutritious vegetable, genetically diverse groups of food plants in the plant folk medicine and functional food ingredient provoked us kingdom. The plants belonging to this family are frost- to compile a comprehensive review of this multipurpose sensitive, drought tolerant, and intolerant to wet and fruit on the distribution, nutritional attributes and poorly drained soils. Production of cucurbits seems to have phytochemicals composition and its medicinal properties. increased over the time due to high demand and consumer a wMomordicaareness on t hcymbalariae health benefM.its ocymbalariaf cucurbit fruits. 2. Description ( ) ( Momordica tuberosa Luffa tuberose synonyms; ) Roxb.Cogn., or Roxb. is M. cymbalaria ( ) APlantaethalakkai . Kingdom Spermatophyta - *Corresponding author: Dr. T. Sivasudha, Assistant Professor, Department of Superdivision Seed plants Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, Magnoliophyta - Division Flowering plants India-620 024. Magnoliopsida - Tel: 091-0431-2407088 Class Cucurbitales Dicotyledons Fax: 091-0431-2407045 Order E-mail: [email protected] R. Jeyadevi A et al ./Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2012)S456-S461 S457 Cucurbitaceae - Table 4. Family Cucumber family Cucurbitoideae ACanavaliamino acid ensiformis, sequences Vignaof bov iunguiculatane insulin and in sBauhiniaulin isola tvariegateed from Sub family Jolifficae and [14]. Tribe Thladianthinae Plant species Insulin sequence Subtribe Momordica Bovine insulin -chain 1 GIVEQCCASVCSLYQLENYCN 21 G 毩 enus cymbalaria Bovine insulin -chain 1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKA 30 S Canavalia ensiformis毬 pecies Hoof 1 GIVEQCCASVCSLYQLENYCN 21 I-SC Canavalia ensiformis Table 1 1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKA 30 Momordica I-LC P Vigna unguiculata cymbalariaroximate principles and nutrient composition of 1 21 (Source[24]). GIVEQXXASVXSLYQLENYXN I-SC Vigna unguiculata Costituent* Athalakkai Bitter gourd 1 FVNQHLXGSHLVEALYLVXGERGFFYTPKA 30 Moisture 84.30 83.20 I-LC Bauhinia variegata Crude fiber 6.42 1.70 a 1 GIVEQ 5 Bauhinia variegata Carbohydrate 12.60 10.60 b 1 FVNQH 5 Protein 2.15 2.10 Food energy (kcal/100 g) 3.00 60.00 3. Morphology Calcium 72.00 23.00 Potassium 500.00 171.00 M. cymbalaria Sodium 40.00 2.40 The plant , Cucurbitaceae, originating in Iron 1.70 2.00 tropical regions of India and South East Asia. The original Copper 0.18 0.19 home of the species is not known, other than that it is a Manganese 0.32 0.08 native of the tropics. The plant is a climbing annual or Zinc 2.82 0.46 perennial herb with slender, scandent, branched, striate Phosphorus 0.46 38.00 stem .The leaves is orbicular-reniform in outline, deeply Vitamin C 290.00 96.00 cordate at the base, obtusely lobed with five-seven lobes 毬 Carotene 0.01 126.00 (Figure 1a). The fruits are 20-25 mm long, pyriform with 8 *Nutrient composition, mg/100 g. sharp ridges, 24 mm 暳 15mm attenuated at the apex and with the base narrowed into the curved peduncle, which Table 2 ( 1 ) Momordica cymbalaria is fleshy, dark green and ribbed Figure b . The seeds are Phytochemical screening of leaves of [5]. 4.6 mm long, ovoid shaped, smooth and shiny. Flowers are P C E A T 5 30 Phytoconstituents etroleum hlorofom thanol queous unisexual. he male flower peduncle is - mm long, ether extract extract extract filiform, puberulaus, ebracteate with 2-5 flowers in racemes Alkaloids - + - - with a pale yellow corolla and two stamens for each flower. Carbohydrates - - ++ ++ The female flower is solitary on a peduncle of 28 mm length Flavonoids - - ++ ++ (Figure 1c). The roots are woody, tuberous and perennial Saponins - - - + (Figure 1d). The plant is allowed to grow along bunds Cardiac glycosides - - - - (boundary of fields), fences and even in the fields for the Anthraquinones - - - - sake of fruits. However, no regular cultivation is practiced. Tannins - - - - A limited number of perennial tubers survive in soil and Proteins - - - - produce single plant in the next season. Steroids ++ ++ ++ - Triterpene ++ ++ ++ - 4. Micro propagation Table 3 Momordica cymbalaria Phytochemical screening of tubers of [6]. in vitro Attempts have beMomordicaen made ttuberosao establish protocol for Tests Pet ether Chloroform Ethanol Water propagation of (Cogn) Roxb. Using Alkaloids - - - - nodal segments and shoot apices obtained from field- Sterols + + - - In vitro grown mature plants. regeneration’ was achieved Triterpenes + + + - from nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog s (MS) medium Saponins - - + + supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) at 2.22, 4.40, 6.62, Flavonoids - - - - and 8.90 mM and kinetin (Kn) at 2.32, 4.60, 6.92, and 9.30 mM T annins - - - - either alone or in combination (BA + Kn). Within the ranges Fixed oils &Fats - - - - evaluated, the regeneration medium containing 4.40 mM BA G M ums & ucilages - - - - combined with 4.60 mM Kn showed highest regeneration C + + in vitro arbohydrates - - efficiency, with 9.00 暲 0.49 shoots per explant. Such C + + ardiac glycosides - - regenerated shoots attained a maximum length of (10.00 暲 Proteins & Amino acids - - - - 0.47) cm. The regeneration medium containing BA + Kn was (+) Indicates respective constituent present and (-) Indicates absence 4 of photochemical. used to subculture regenerated shoots at -week intervals. BA at 13.30 mM induced regeneration from shoot apex R. Jeyadevi A et al ./Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2012)S456-S461 S458 75% cultures, and of explants showed regeneration efficiency 5. Nutritional composition with (7.80 暲 0.66) cm as the mean length of shoot. Such shoots could be sub cultured on medium containing BA. M. cymbalaria Micro shoots were rooted onto MS medium supplemented The nutrient contMomordicaents of the twcharantiao vegetables with 4.90 mM indole-3-butyric acid. Regenerated plants (athalakkai) and (bittergourd) are 90% 1 were established in the greenhouse with survivinal summarized in Table . The calcium content of athalakkai vitrorate. The protocol is simple, rapid, and efficient for is three times higher than that of the bitter gourd. Calcium propagation of nodal explants and shoots apices of is required for the growth of bones and teeth as well as for Momordica tuberos[1]. In vitro maintaining normal heart rhythm, blood coagulation, muscle multiplM.e s hcymbalariaoot production from node, internode and contraction and nerve responses. The higher concentration etle aalf explants of has been reported by Nikam of this nutrient in athalakkai may be exploited and used. [2]. The maximum number of indirect regeneration
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