The Genes Correlated with the Sensitivity of a Panel of 28 Cell Lines to IGF1R Inhibitor BMS-536924 As Identified by Affymetrix Gene Array
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Review the Significance of Interleukin-6
Review The significance of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review C. Muangchan1,2,3, J.E. Pope2 1Research Fellow, Rheumatology; ABSTRACT Introduction 2Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Objectives. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) may Systemic sclerosis (SSc) or scleroder- Western University of Canada (formerly play a role in the pathogenesis of SSc. ma is a systemic autoimmune rheumat- University of Western Ontario), St Joseph C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute ic disease characterised by autoimmun- Health Care, London, ON; 3Division of Rheumatology, Department of phase reactant induced by IL-6, may be ity; fibrosis and dysfunction in vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol a prognostic marker in SSc. The goal of regulatory mechanisms highlighted by University, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, this systematic review was to address vasculopathy of microcirculation (1). Thailand. the significance and clinical applica- SSc has increased extracellular matrix Chayawee Muangchan, Research Fellow tion of IL-6 and CRP in systemic scle- protein deposition due to increased fi- Janet Elizabeth Pope, MD rosis (SSc). broblast biosynthetic activity (2). SSc is Please address correspondence Methods. A literature search was con- rare and has a female predisposition (3, and reprint requests to: ducted to identify English-language 4). It is classified into diffuse cutane- Dr Janet Pope, original articles within PubMed, Sco- ous SSc (dcSSc) and limited cutaneous St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, SSc (lcSSc) subsets according to extent 268 Grosvenor St., pus, and Medline database from incep- London N6A 4V2, ON, Canada. tion to May 30, 2013 using keywords of cutaneous involvement (5). -
Chronic Mtor Activation Induces a Degradative Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype
The Journal of Clinical Investigation RESEARCH ARTICLE Chronic mTOR activation induces a degradative smooth muscle cell phenotype Guangxin Li,1,2 Mo Wang,1 Alexander W. Caulk,3 Nicholas A. Cilfone,4 Sharvari Gujja,4 Lingfeng Qin,1 Pei-Yu Chen,5 Zehua Chen,4 Sameh Yousef,1 Yang Jiao,1 Changshun He,1 Bo Jiang,1 Arina Korneva,3 Matthew R. Bersi,3 Guilin Wang,6 Xinran Liu,7,8 Sameet Mehta,9 Arnar Geirsson,1,10 Jeffrey R. Gulcher,4 Thomas W. Chittenden,4 Michael Simons,5,10 Jay D. Humphrey,3,10 and George Tellides1,10,11 1Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 2Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 4Computational Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, WuXi NextCODE, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 5Internal Medicine, 6Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, and 7Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 8Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, EM Core Facility, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 9Genetics and 10Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 11Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation has been thought to limit the progression of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) because loss of medial cells associates with advanced disease. We investigated effects of SMC proliferation in the aortic media by conditional disruption of Tsc1, which hyperactivates mTOR complex 1. -
Report Mutations in a Novel Isoform of TRIOBP That Encodes A
Report Mutations in a Novel Isoform of TRIOBP That Encodes a Filamentous- Actin Binding Protein Are Responsible for DFNB28 Recessive Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss Hashem Shahin,1,2 Tom Walsh,3 Tama Sobe,2 Judeh Abu Sa’ed,1 Amal Abu Rayan,1 Eric D. Lynch,3 Ming K. Lee,3 Karen B. Avraham,2 Mary-Claire King,3 and Moein Kanaan1 1Department of Life Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem; 2Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; and 3Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle In a large consanguineous Palestinian kindred, we previously mapped DFNB28—a locus associated with recessively inherited, prelingual, profound sensorineural hearing impairment—to chromosome 22q13.1. We report here that mutations in a novel 218-kDa isoform of TRIOBP (TRIO and filamentous actin [F-actin] binding protein) are associated with DFNB28 hearing loss in a total of nine Palestinian families. Two nonsense mutations (R347X and Q581X) truncate the protein, and a potentially deleterious missense mutation (G1019R) occurs in a conserved motif in a putative SH3-binding domain. In seven families, 27 deaf individuals are homozygous for one of the nonsense mutations; in two other families, 3 deaf individuals are compound heterozygous for the two nonsense mutations or for Q581X and G1019R. The novel long isoform of TRIOBP has a restricted expression profile, including cochlea, retina, and fetal brain, whereas the original short isoform is widely expressed. Antibodies to TRIOBP reveal expression in sensory cells of the inner ear and colocalization with F-actin along the length of the stereocilia. -
The Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Testing (DSRT) Approach
A phenotypic screening and machine learning platform eciently identifies triple negative breast cancer-selective and readily druggable targets Prson Gautam 1 Alok Jaiswal 1 Tero Aittokallio 1, 2 Hassan Al Ali 3 Krister Wennerberg 1,4 Identifying eective oncogenic targets is challenged by the complexity of genetic alterations in 1Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland cancer and their poorly understood relation to cell function and survival. There is a need for meth- Current kinome coverage of kinase inhibitors in TNBC exhibit diverse kinase dependencies MFM-223 is selectively addicted to FGFR2 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Finland 3The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, A A Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Neurological Surgery and Medicine ods that rapidly and accurately identify “pharmacologically eective” targets without the require- clinical evaluation TN Kinases MFM-223 CAL-120 MDA-MB-231 TNBC TNBC TNBC TNBC TNBC TNBC HER2+ 100 University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. non- HER2+ FGFR1 0.97 0.00 0.00 MFM-223 BL1 BL2 M MSL IM LAR ER+, PR+ 50 ment for priori knowledge of complex signaling networks. We developed an approach that uses ma- cancerous FGFR2 56.46 0.00 0.00 CAL-120 25 4 MDA-MB-231 Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center HCC1937 CAL-85-1 CAL-120 MDA-MB-231 DU4475 CAL-148 MCF-10A SK-BR-3 BT-474 FGFR3 25.10 0.00 0.00 0 chine learning to relate results from unbiased phenotypic screening of kinase inhibitors to their bio- for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Denmark HCC1599 HDQ-P1 BT-549 MDA-MB-436 MFM-223 FGFR4 0.00 0.00 0.00 MAXIS*Bk Clinical status MDA-MB-468 CAL-51 Hs578T MDA-MB-453 score chemical activity data. -
Screening for Copy Number Variation in Genes Associated with the Long QT Syndrome Clinical Relevance
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 57, No. 1, 2011 © 2011 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.08.621 Heart Rhythm Disorders Screening for Copy Number Variation in Genes Associated With the Long QT Syndrome Clinical Relevance Julien Barc, PHD,*‡§ François Briec, MD,*†‡§ Sébastien Schmitt, MD,ʈ Florence Kyndt, PharmD, PHD,*‡§ʈ Martine Le Cunff, BS,*‡§ Estelle Baron, BS,*‡§ Claude Vieyres, MD,¶ Frédéric Sacher, MD,# Richard Redon, PHD,*‡§ Cédric Le Caignec, MD, PHD,*‡§ʈ Hervé Le Marec, MD, PHD,*†‡§ Vincent Probst, MD, PHD,*†‡§ Jean-Jacques Schott, PHD*†‡§ Nantes, Angoulême, and Bordeaux, France Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate, in a set of 93 mutation-negative long QT syndrome (LQTS) probands, the frequency of copy number variants (CNVs) in LQTS genes. Background LQTS is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia characterized by a prolonged heart rate–corrected QT (QTc) interval as- sociated with sudden cardiac death. Recent studies suggested the involvement of duplications or deletions in the occurrence of LQTS. However, their frequency remains unknown in LQTS patients. Methods Point mutations in KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A genes were excluded by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography or direct sequencing. We applied Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to detect CNVs in exons of these 3 genes. Abnormal exon copy numbers were confirmed by quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragment (QMPSF). Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) analysis was performed using Agilent Human Genome 244K Microarrays to further map the genomic rearrangements. -
Defining Functional Interactions During Biogenesis of Epithelial Junctions
ARTICLE Received 11 Dec 2015 | Accepted 13 Oct 2016 | Published 6 Dec 2016 | Updated 5 Jan 2017 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13542 OPEN Defining functional interactions during biogenesis of epithelial junctions J.C. Erasmus1,*, S. Bruche1,*,w, L. Pizarro1,2,*, N. Maimari1,3,*, T. Poggioli1,w, C. Tomlinson4,J.Lees5, I. Zalivina1,w, A. Wheeler1,w, A. Alberts6, A. Russo2 & V.M.M. Braga1 In spite of extensive recent progress, a comprehensive understanding of how actin cytoskeleton remodelling supports stable junctions remains to be established. Here we design a platform that integrates actin functions with optimized phenotypic clustering and identify new cytoskeletal proteins, their functional hierarchy and pathways that modulate E-cadherin adhesion. Depletion of EEF1A, an actin bundling protein, increases E-cadherin levels at junctions without a corresponding reinforcement of cell–cell contacts. This unexpected result reflects a more dynamic and mobile junctional actin in EEF1A-depleted cells. A partner for EEF1A in cadherin contact maintenance is the formin DIAPH2, which interacts with EEF1A. In contrast, depletion of either the endocytic regulator TRIP10 or the Rho GTPase activator VAV2 reduces E-cadherin levels at junctions. TRIP10 binds to and requires VAV2 function for its junctional localization. Overall, we present new conceptual insights on junction stabilization, which integrate known and novel pathways with impact for epithelial morphogenesis, homeostasis and diseases. 1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 2 Computing Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 3 Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 4 Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. -
Genetic Background Effects of Keratin 8 and 18 in a DDC-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Mallory-Denk Body Formation Mouse Model
Laboratory Investigation (2012) 92, 857–867 & 2012 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0023-6837/12 $32.00 Genetic background effects of keratin 8 and 18 in a DDC-induced hepatotoxicity and Mallory-Denk body formation mouse model Johannes Haybaeck1, Cornelia Stumptner1, Andrea Thueringer1, Thomas Kolbe2, Thomas M Magin3, Michael Hesse4, Peter Fickert5, Oleksiy Tsybrovskyy1, Heimo Mu¨ller1, Michael Trauner5,6, Kurt Zatloukal1 and Helmut Denk1 Keratin 8 (K8) and keratin 18 (K18) form the major hepatocyte cytoskeleton. We investigated the impact of genetic loss of either K8 or K18 on liver homeostasis under toxic stress with the hypothesis that K8 and K18 exert different functions. krt8À/À and krt18À/À mice crossed into the same 129-ola genetic background were treated by acute and chronic ad- ministration of 3,5-diethoxy-carbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). In acutely DDC-intoxicated mice, macrovesicular steatosis was more pronounced in krt8À/À and krt18À/À compared with wild-type (wt) animals. Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) appeared in krt18À/À mice already at an early stage of intoxication in contrast to krt8À/À mice that did not display MDB formation when fed with DDC. Keratin-deficient mice displayed significantly lower numbers of apoptotic hepatocytes than wt animals. krt8À/À, krt18À/À and control mice displayed comparable cell proliferation rates. Chronically DDC-intoxicated krt18À/À and wt mice showed a similarly increased degree of steatohepatitis with hepatocyte ballooning and MDB formation. In krt8À/À mice, steatosis was less, ballooning, and MDBs were absent. krt18À/À mice developed MDBs whereas krt8À/À mice on the same genetic background did not, highlighting the significance of different structural properties of keratins. -
Attenuation of Ganglioside GM1 Accumulation in the Brain of GM1 Gangliosidosis Mice by Neonatal Intravenous Gene Transfer
Gene Therapy (2003) 10, 1487–1493 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0969-7128/03 $25.00 www.nature.com/gt RESEARCH ARTICLE Attenuation of ganglioside GM1 accumulation in the brain of GM1 gangliosidosis mice by neonatal intravenous gene transfer N Takaura1, T Yagi2, M Maeda2, E Nanba3, A Oshima4, Y Suzuki5, T Yamano1 and A Tanaka1 1Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; 2Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; 3Gene Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan; 4Department of Pediatrics, Takagi Hospital, Saitama, Japan; and 5Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center, Nasu Institute for Developmental Disabilities, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Japan A single intravenous injection with 4 Â 107 PFU of recombi- ganglioside GM1 was above the normal range in all treated nant adenovirus encoding mouse b-galactosidase cDNA to mice, which was speculated to be the result of reaccumula- newborn mice provided widespread increases of b-galacto- tion. However, the values were still definitely lower in most of sidase activity, and attenuated the development of the the treated mice than those in untreated mice. In the disease including the brain at least for 60 days. The b- histopathological study, X-gal-positive cells, which showed galactosidase activity showed 2–4 times as high a normal the expression of exogenous b-galactosidase gene, were activity in the liver and lung, and 50 times in the heart. In the observed in the brain. It is noteworthy that neonatal brain, while the activity was only 10–20% of normal, the administration via blood vessels provided access to the efficacy of the treatment was distinct. -
Improvement of Spontaneous Alternation Behavior Deficit by Activation Ofα4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling in the Ganglioside GM3-Deficient Mice
Biomedical Research 34 (4) 189-195, 2013 Improvement of spontaneous alternation behavior deficit by activation of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling in the ganglioside GM3- deficient mice 1 1 2 1 2 1 Kimie NIIMI , Chieko NISHIOKA , Tomomi MIYAMOTO , Eiki TAKAHASHI , Ichiro MIYOSHI , Chitoshi ITAKURA , 3, 4 and Tadashi YAMASHITA 1 Riken Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; 2 Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467- 8601, Japan; 3 Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan; and 4 World Class University Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea (Received 13 May 2013; and accepted 17 June 2013) ABSTRACT We have reported that in ganglioside GM3-deficient (GM3−/−) mice, spontaneous alternation be- havior assessed by a Y-maze task was significantly lower, and total arm entries were significantly higher than in wild-type mice. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of nico- tinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) signaling in impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior of GM3−/− mice. Nicotine treatment (0.3, 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) dose dependently improved the sponta- neous alternation deficit without affecting total arm entries in GM3−/− mice. The nicotine-induced (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) improvement was significantly abolished by the nAChR antagonist mecamyla- mine (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). The α4β2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine (2.5, 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) dose dependently counteracted the nicotine-induced improvement of spontaneous alternation in GM3−/− mice, whereas the α7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (2.5, 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) did not. -
Clinical Utility of Recently Identified Diagnostic, Prognostic, And
Modern Pathology (2017) 30, 1338–1366 1338 © 2017 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0893-3952/17 $32.00 Clinical utility of recently identified diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive molecular biomarkers in mature B-cell neoplasms Arantza Onaindia1, L Jeffrey Medeiros2 and Keyur P Patel2 1Instituto de Investigacion Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)/Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain and 2Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Genomic profiling studies have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of mature B-cell neoplasms and have identified markers with prognostic impact. Recurrent mutations in tumor-suppressor genes (TP53, BIRC3, ATM), and common signaling pathways, such as the B-cell receptor (CD79A, CD79B, CARD11, TCF3, ID3), Toll- like receptor (MYD88), NOTCH (NOTCH1/2), nuclear factor-κB, and mitogen activated kinase signaling, have been identified in B-cell neoplasms. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, hairy cell leukemia, and marginal zone lymphomas of splenic, nodal, and extranodal types represent examples of B-cell neoplasms in which novel molecular biomarkers have been discovered in recent years. In addition, ongoing retrospective correlative and prospective outcome studies have resulted in an enhanced understanding of the clinical utility of novel biomarkers. This progress is reflected in the 2016 update of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms, which lists as many as 41 mature B-cell neoplasms (including provisional categories). Consequently, molecular genetic studies are increasingly being applied for the clinical workup of many of these neoplasms. In this review, we focus on the diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic utility of molecular biomarkers in mature B-cell neoplasms. -
Spectrin Binding Motifs Control Scribble Cortical Dynamics And
1 2 3 Spectrin binding motifs control Scribble cortical 4 dynamics and polarity function 5 6 Batiste Boëda and Sandrine Etienne Manneville 7 8 Institut Pasteur (CNRS URA 3691-INSERM), France 9 Correspondance to Sandrine Etienne-Manneville. Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, 10 Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; Phone: +33 1 4438 9591; 11 FAX: +33 1 4568 8548. 12 e-mail: [email protected] 13 14 Competing interests statement: 15 The authors declare that no competing interests exist. 16 17 1 18 Abstract 19 The tumor suppressor protein Scribble (SCRIB) plays an evolutionary conserved role in 20 cell polarity. Despite being central for its function, the molecular basis of SCRIB 21 recruitment and stabilization at the cell cortex is poorly understood. Here we show that 22 SCRIB binds directly to the CH1 domain of spectrins, a molecular scaffold that 23 contributes to the cortical actin cytoskeleton and connects it to the plasma membrane. 24 We have identified a short evolutionary conserved peptide motif named SADH motif 25 (SCRIB ABLIMs DMTN Homology) which is necessary and sufficient to mediate protein 26 interaction with spectrins. The SADH domains contribute to SCRIB dynamics at the 27 cell cortex and SCRIB polarity function. Furthermore, mutations in SCRIB SADH 28 domains associated with spina bifida and cancer impact the stability of SCRIB at the 29 plasma membrane, suggesting that SADH domain alterations may participate in human 30 pathology. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 2 38 Introduction 39 The protein SCRIB has been implicated in a staggering array of cellular processes 40 including polarity, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stemcell 41 maintenance, and vesicle trafficking [1]. -
Alpha;-Actinin-4 Promotes Metastasis in Gastric Cancer
Laboratory Investigation (2017) 97, 1084–1094 © 2017 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0023-6837/17 α-Actinin-4 promotes metastasis in gastric cancer Xin Liu and Kent-Man Chu Metastasis increases the mortality rate of gastric cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. This study aims to identify the genes promoting metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). A human cell motility PCR array was used to analyze a pair of tumor and non-tumor tissue samples from a patient with stage IV GC (T3N3M1). Expression of the dysregulated genes was then evaluated in GC tissue samples (n = 10) and cell lines (n =6) via qPCR. Expression of α-actinin-4 (ACTN4) was validated in a larger sample size (n = 47) by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Knockdown of ACTN4 with specific siRNAs was performed in GC cells, and adhesion assays, transwell invasion assays and migration assays were used to evaluate the function of these cells. Expression of potential targets of ACTN4 were then evaluated by qPCR. Thirty upregulated genes (greater than twofold) were revealed by the PCR array. We focused on ACTN4 because it was upregulated in 6 out of 10 pairs of tissue samples and 5 out of 6 GC cell lines. Further study indicated that ACTN4 was upregulated in 22/32 pairs of tissue samples at stage III & IV (P = 0.0069). Knockdown of ACTN4 in GC cells showed no significant effect on cell proliferation, but significantly increased cell-matrix adhesion, as well as reduced migration and invasion of AGS, MKN7 and NCI-N87 cells.