Ethnography of the Chaco
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The Wonders of the Gran Chaco: Setting the Scene Indiana, Vol
Indiana ISSN: 0341-8642 [email protected] Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz Alemania Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. The wonders of the Gran Chaco: Setting the scene Indiana, vol. 28, 2011, pp. 171-181 Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin, Alemania Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=247022796009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald* The wonders of the Gran Chaco: Setting the scene This dossier of Revista Indiana consists of three articles, each focusing on lan- guages of the region of Gran Chaco in Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. In my brief introduction, I address issues raised in the contributions to the volume, within the general context of language contact, language typology and language analysis in the South American domain. To many people, South America, and especially Lowland Amazonia, is known as an exotic land of impenetrable rainforest, colourful wildlife and a hot-spot of biological diversity. Adventurers of the colonial times looked upon it as the land of El Dorado, a treasure trove of gold and gemstones. This is also the place of amaz- ing linguistic diversity, rivalled only by the Island of New Guinea. Over 400 lan- guages are grouped into over twenty families, in addition to a fair number of iso- lates. (Various macro-groupings or ‘stocks’ have been suggested, by Greenberg and others; these are almost without exception illusory and otiose: see, for instance, Aikhenvald in press: Chapter 1, Dixon & Aikhenvald 1999, Adelaar 2004: 1-45). -
The Hispanization of Chamacoco Syntax
DOI: 10.26346/1120-2726-170 The hispanization of Chamacoco syntax Luca Ciucci Language and Culture Research Centre, James Cook University, Australia <[email protected]> This paper investigates contact-driven syntactic change in Chamacoco (a.k.a. Ɨshɨr ahwoso), a Zamucoan language with about 2,000 speakers in Paraguay. Chamacoco syntax was originally characterized by a low number of conjunc- tions, like its cognate Ayoreo. Although Chamacoco shows transfers from other neighboring languages, a turning point in language change was the beginning of regular contacts with Western society around the year 1885. Since then, Spanish has exerted a growing influence on Chamacoco, affecting all levels of linguistic analysis. Most speakers are today Chamacoco-Spanish bilingual, and the lan- guage is endangered. Chamacoco has borrowed some conjunctions from Spanish, and new clause combining strategies have replaced older syntactic structures. Other function words introduced from Spanish include temporal adverbs, dis- course markers, quantifiers and prepositions. I discuss their uses, the reasons for their borrowing and their interaction with original Chamacoco function words. Some borrowed function words can combine with autochthonous conjunctions to create new subordinators that are calques from Spanish compound subor- dinating conjunctions. This resulted in remarkable syntactic complexification. Chamacoco comparatives, modeled on the Spanish ones, are also likely instances of contact-induced complexification, since there are reasons to surmise that Chamacoco originally lacked dedicated comparative structures. Keywords: Chamacoco, clause combining, comparatives, coordination, function words, language contact, South American Indigenous languages, subordination, syntax, Zamucoan. 1. Introduction This study analyzes the influence exerted by Spanish on the syntax of Chamacoco, a Zamucoan language of northern Paraguay. -
Captive Communities: Situation of the Guaraní Indigenous People and Contemporary Forms of Slavery in the Bolivian Chaco
INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 24 December 2009 Original: Spanish CAPTIVE COMMUNITIES: SITUATION OF THE GUARANÍ INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF SLAVERY IN THE BOLIVIAN CHACO 2009 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. Comunidades cautivas : situación del pueblo indígena guaraní y formas contemporáneas de esclavitud en el Chaco de Bolivia = Captive communities : situation of the Guaraní indigenous people and contemporary forms of slavery in the Bolivian Chaco / Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5433‐2 1. Guarani Indians‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 2. Guarani Indians‐‐Slavery‐‐ Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Slavery‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia. 5. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐ Bolivia. I. Title. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 24, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A. Canton Assistant Executive Secretary: Elizabeth Abi‐Mershed The IACHR thanks the Governments of Denmark and Spain for the financial support that made it possible to carry out the working and supervisory visit to Bolivia from June 9 to 13, 2008, as well as the preparation of this report. -
“Black Tyrants” (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) with a Remarkable New Country Record
https://doi.org/10.30456/AVO.2019205 Avocetta 43: 149-158 (2019) Status and distribution of Paraguayan “Black Tyrants” (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) with a remarkable new country record PAUL SMITH1,2, KEVIN EASLEY3 1 FAUNA Paraguay, Encarnación, Dpto. Itapúa, Paraguay; www.faunaparaguay.com Contact email: [email protected] 2 Para La Tierra, Centro IDEAL - Mariscal Estigarribia 321 c/ Tte. Capurro, Pilar, Dpto. Ñeembucú, Paraguay www.paralatierra.org. 3 Costa Rica Gateway - San José, Costa Rica Abstract – “Black-tyrants” (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) are a distinctive Neotropical genus of flycatchers with black or dark grey males and brownish or reddish females. Five species have previously been reported in Paraguay and a discussion of all verifiable reports is provided. Knipolegus striaticeps is considered resident and a presumed breeder, but no nest has yet been reported. Knipolegus hudsoni is consid- ered a passage migrant in September and October. Knipolegus cyanirostris is considered a winter visitor. Knipolegus aterrimus is known from few records in the Chaco region, and is possibly a rare altitudinal migrant. The status of Knipolegus lophotes requires further inves- tigation, with Paraguay representing the western extreme of its known range. The first report of Knipolegus poecilurus for the country is documented with photographs. This high-Andean species is considered to be a vagrant pending further information. Key-words: Knipolegus aterrimus, Knipolegus cyanirostris, Knipolegus hudsoni, Knipolegus lophotes, Knipolegus poecilurus, Knipo- legus striaticeps. INTRODUCTION In order to coordinate observer effort and update pub- lished distributional data, here we critically review the dis- The genus Knipolegus consists of 10 species that are dis- tribution of the genus Knipolegus in the country (Fig.1a), tributed throughout most of South America (Farmsworth comment on their status and report an additional and quite & Langham 2004). -
Global Governance, Conflict and China
Global Governance, Conflict and China <UN> Chinese Perspectives on Human Rights and Good Governance Editor-in-Chief Zhang Wei Editorial Board Bai Guimei – Ban Wenzhan – Chang Jian – Chen Shiqiu – Duan Qinghong – Han Dayuan – Li Buyun – Li Weiwei – Liu Hainian – Luo Yanhua – Shu Guoying – Sun Xiaoxia – Wei Mei – Xia Yinlan – Zhang Aining – Zhang Xiaoling – Zou Xiaoqiao Chairman of the International Advisory Board Gudmundur Alfredsson Members of International Advisory Board Florence Benoit-Rohmer – Brian Burdekin – Andrew Clapham – Barry Craig – Felipe Gomez-Isa – Jonas Grimheden – Zdzislaw Kedzia – Wayne Mackay – Peter Malanczuk – Fabrizio Marrela – Ineta Ziemele – Tom Zwart volume 2 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cphr <UN> Global Governance, Conflict and China By Matthias Vanhullebusch leiden | boston <UN> Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Vanhullebusch, Matthias. Title: Global governance, conflict and China / by Matthias Vanhullebusch. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill Nijhoff, 2018. | Series: Chinese perspectives on human rights and good governance ; volume 2 | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2017052794 (print) | LCCN 2017055352 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004356498 (e-book) | ISBN 9789004356467 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: International law--China. | China--Foreign relations--1949- Classification: LCC KZ3410 (ebook) | LCC KZ3410 .V36 2018 (print) | DDC 355/.033551--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017052794 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2352-2593 isbn 978-90-04-35646-7 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-35649-8 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. -
Custodians of Culture and Biodiversity
Custodians of culture and biodiversity Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen for IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland The opinions expressed in this manual are those of the authors and do not nec - essarily represent those of IFAD. The designations employed and the presenta - tion of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, terri - tory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations “developed” and “developing” countries are in - tended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached in the development process by a particular country or area. This manual contains draft material that has not been subject to formal re - view. It is circulated for review and to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The text has not been edited. On the cover, a detail from a Chinese painting from collections of Anita Kelles-Viitanen CUSTODIANS OF CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen For IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland Table of Contents Executive summary 1 I Objective of the study 2 II Results with recommendations 2 1. Introduction 2 2. Poverty 3 3. Livelihoods 3 4. Global warming 4 5. Land 5 6. Biodiversity and natural resource management 6 7. Indigenous Culture 7 8. Gender 8 9. -
1 ENSO-Triggered Floods in South America
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-107 Manuscript under review for journal Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discussion started: 3 April 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 ENSO-triggered floods in South America: 2 correlation between maximum monthly discharges during strong events 3 Federico Ignacio Isla 4 Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario (UNMDP-CIC) 5 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (UNMDP-CONICET) 6 Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina, +54.223.4754060, [email protected] 7 8 Abstract 9 ENSO-triggered floods altered completely the annual discharge of many watersheds of South America. Anomalous 10 years as 1941, 1982-83, 1997-98 and 2015-16 signified enormous fluvial discharges draining towards the Pacific 11 Ocean, but also to the Atlantic. These floods affected large cities built on medium-latitudinal Andes (Lima, Quito, 12 Salta), but also those located at floodplains, as Porto Alegre, Blumenau, Curitiba, Asunción, Santa Fe and Buenos 13 Aires. Maximum discharge months are particular and easily distinguished along time series from watersheds located 14 at the South American Arid Diagonal. At watersheds conditioned by precipitations delivered from the Atlantic or 15 Pacific anti-cyclonic centers, the ENSO-triggered floods are more difficult to discern. The floods of 1941 affected 16 70,000 inhabitants in Porto Alegre. In 1983, Blumenau city was flooded during several days; and the Paraná River 17 multiplied 15 times the width of its middle floodplain. That year, the Colorado River in Northern Patagonia 18 connected for the last time to the Desagûadero – Chadileuvú - Curacó system and its delta received saline water for 19 the last time. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION CITIZENSHIP IN TWENTIETH- CENTURY ARGENTINA BENJAMIN BRYCE AND DAVID M. K. SHEININ t many moments in the twentieth century, the meaning of citizen- ship in Argentina has changed. In 1912, electoral reform expanded Avoting rights from elite men to include all men born or naturalized in the country.1 Only in 1947 did the franchise expand to include women. Yet, that alone is not the story of Argentine citizenship. When electoral democ- racy was interrupted in 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966, and 1976, people did not cease to be citizens. When Juan Perón became president in 1946, he cam- paigned heavily on the idea of social justice. During his populist rule, the rights of citizenship came to encompass greater access to social services and housing as well as higher wages. Throughout the century, citizenship—as a concept invoked by diverse groups of people—has defined people’s relation- ship with the state and their expectations about that state. It also shaped the rights and duties of not only Argentines but also foreign nationals living in the country. The language of citizenship was also fundamentally about belonging. Scholars in this volume and beyond use terms such as cultural, moral, and social citizenship. In seeking out these cultural, moral, and social require- ments, groups with power excluded others whose status in Argentine society was vulnerable. Even if formally citizens, workers, indigenous peoples, racial- ized groups, leftists, and religious minorities have often not been included in the Argentine body politic or have not experienced the same rights as others in many periods of the past century. -
Deductions Suggested by the Geographcial Distribution of Some
Deductions suggested by the geographcial distribution of some post-Columbian words used by the Indians of S. America, by Erland Nordenskiöld. no.5 Nordenskiöld, Erland, 1877-1932. [Göteborg, Elanders boktryckeri aktiebolag, 1922] http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.32000000635047 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google This work is deemed to be in the public domain in the United States of America. It may not be in the public domain in other countries. Copies are provided as a preservation service. Particularly outside of the United States, persons receiving copies should make appropriate efforts to determine the copyright status of the work in their country and use the work accordingly. It is possible that heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such as illustrations, assert copyrights over these portions. Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc. (indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly, non-commercial purposes. Generated for Eduardo Ribeiro (University of Chicago) on 2011-12-10 23:30 GMT / Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google Generated for Eduardo Ribeiro -
Guaraníes, Chanés Y Tapietes Del Norte Argentino. Construyendo El “Ñande Reko” Para El Futuro - 1A Ed Ilustrada
guaraní, quilmes, tapiete, mapuche, kolla, wichí, pampa, moqoit/mocoví, omaguaca, ocloya, vilela, mbyá-guaraní, huarpe, mapuche-pehuenche, charrúa, chané, rankül- che, mapuche-tehuelche, atacama, comechingón, lule, sanavirón, chorote, tehuelche, diaguita cacano, selk’nam, diaguita calchaquí, qom/toba, günun-a-küna, chaná, guaycurú, chulupí/nivaclé, tonokoté, guaraní, quilmes, tapiete, mapuche, kolla, wichí, pampa, Guaraníes, chanés y tapietes moqoit/mocoví, omaguaca, ocloya, vilela, mbyá-guaraní, del norte argentino. Construyendo huarpe, mapuche-pehuenche, charrúa, chané, rankül- che, mapuche-tehuelche, atacama, comechingón, lule, el ñande reko para el futuro sanavirón, chorote, tehuelche, diaguita cacano, 2 selk’nam, diaguita calchaquí, qom/toba, günun-a-küna, chaná, guaycurú, chulupí/nivaclé, tonokoté, guaraní, quilmes, tapiete, mapuche, kolla, wichí, pampa, moqoit/mocoví, omaguaca, ocloya, vilela, mbyá-guaraní, huarpe, mapuche-pehuenche, charrúa, chané, rankül- che, mapuche-tehuelche, atacama, comechingón, lule, sanavirón, chorote, tehuelche, diaguita cacano, selk’nam, diaguita calchaquí, qom/toba, günun-a-küna, chaná, guaycurú, chulupí/nivaclé, tonokoté, guaraní, quilmes, tapiete, mapuche, kolla, wichí, pampa, moqoit/mocoví, omaguaca, ocloya, vilela, mbyá-guaraní, huarpe, mapuche-pehuenche, charrúa, chané, rankül- che, mapuche-tehuelche, atacama, comechingón, lule, sanavirón, chorote, tehuelche, diaguita cacano, selk’nam, diaguita calchaquí, qom/toba, günun-a-küna, chaná, guaycurú, chulupí/nivaclé, tonokoté, guaraní, quilmes, tapiete, -
An Amerind Etymological Dictionary
An Amerind Etymological Dictionary c 2007 by Merritt Ruhlen ! Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greenberg, Joseph H. Ruhlen, Merritt An Amerind Etymological Dictionary Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. 1. Amerind Languages—Etymology—Classification. I. Title. P000.G0 2007 000!.012 00-00000 ISBN 0-0000-0000-0 (alk. paper) This book is dedicated to the Amerind people, the first Americans Preface The present volume is a revison, extension, and refinement of the ev- idence for the Amerind linguistic family that was initially offered in Greenberg (1987). This revision entails (1) the correction of a num- ber of forms, and the elimination of others, on the basis of criticism by specialists in various Amerind languages; (2) the consolidation of certain Amerind subgroup etymologies (given in Greenberg 1987) into Amerind etymologies; (3) the addition of many reconstructions from different levels of Amerind, based on a comprehensive database of all known reconstructions for Amerind subfamilies; and, finally, (4) the addition of a number of new Amerind etymologies presented here for the first time. I believe the present work represents an advance over the original, but it is at the same time simply one step forward on a project that will never be finished. M. R. September 2007 Contents Introduction 1 Dictionary 11 Maps 272 Classification of Amerind Languages 274 References 283 Semantic Index 296 Introduction This volume presents the lexical and grammatical evidence that defines the Amerind linguistic family. The evidence is presented in terms of 913 etymolo- gies, arranged alphabetically according to the English gloss. -
Germination Studies Showed a Warm Day/Cold Night Regime to Be the Most Effective
SOME STUDIES ON THE GENUS ACAENA A thesis presented to the Faculty of Science and Engineering in the University of Birmingham by DAVID WINSTON HARRIS WALTON in supplication for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. September, 1974. University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. 09CC/.6 "The inner parts of the Country South Georgia was not less savage and horrible: the Wild rocks raised their lofty summits till they were lost in the Clouds and the Vallies laid buried in everlasting Snow. Not a tree or shrub was to be seen, no not even big enough to make a toothpick. I landed in three different places, displayed our Colours and took possession of the Country in his Majestys name under a descharge of small arms. Our Botanists found here only three plants, the one is a coarse strong bladed grass which grows in tufts, Wild Burnet and a Plant like Moss which grows on the rocks". The Journals of Captain Cook : vol. 2 - The Voyage of the Resolution and Adventure in 1772-1775. Cambridge University Press (1961).