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Nouveaux Dirigeants Nouvelles Directions Équipe Rédactionnelle www.westafricaninsight.org Vol 6. No 4. 2018 ISSN 2006-1544 NOUVEAUX DIRIGEANTS NOUVELLES DIRECTIONS ÉQUIPE RÉDACTIONNELLE RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF IDAYAT HASSAN RÉDACTEUR JAMIE HITCHEN CHARGÉ DE PROJET JULIET UGWU CONTRIBUTEURS Ibrahim Al-bakri Nyei Est chercheur, analyste politique, bloggeur et chroniquer libérien. Ismaila Ceesay Est Maître de Conférences en sciences politiques à l'Université de Gambie. Ses intérêts de recherches portent sur les jeunes et les moyens de subsistance, les TIC, la migration et les transitions politiques. Wunpini Fatimata Mohammed Est candidate au doctorat au collège de communications de Donald p. Bellis- ario Pennsylvania State University. Ses recherches portent sur les féminismes, les médias audiovisuels, et la communication pour le développement en Af- rique. Cheta Nwanze Est le directeur de la recherche à SBM intelligence, un centre d’information situé à Lagos qui se concentre sur la géopolitique et la socio économie. Hassan Kallon Est chargé de recherche à l’Institut pour la Réforme de la Gouvernance en Sier- ra Leone. Andrew Lavali Est le directeur exécutif de l’Institut pour la Réforme de la Gouvernance En Sierra Leone. TABLE OF CONTENTS ÉDITORIAL 2 GEORGE WEAH: UNE NOU- VELLE DIRECTION POUR 5 COMBATTRE LA PAUVRETE AU LIBERIA? NANA AKUFO-ADDO: METTRE LES FEMMES MARGINALISEES SUR DES 11 PROGRAMMES AU GHANA ? FORTUNES FLUCTUANTES: BUHARI ET L’ÉCONOMIE DU NIGÉRIA 19 DEMANTELER L’AUTOCRATIE: GAMBIE, DE LA TRANSITION A LA 24 DEMOCRATIE LA NOUVELLE DIREC- TION DE LA SIERRA LE- 32 ONE? 3 ÉDITORIAL Nouveaux Dirigeants, Nouvelles Directions? ors des récentes élections en Afrique de l’Ouest, les mantras du change- ment de l’opposition ont réussi à convaincre les électeurs d’évincer les Lgouvernements en place. Les cinq pays ciblés dans cette édition de West Africa Insight - le Nigeria, le Ghana, la Gambie, la Sierra Leone et le Libéria - ont tous pu constater un candidat de l'opposition à la présidentielle remport- grandes attentes, comment font-ils au Bureau ? er la victoire depuis 2015. Mais confrontés tous à des défis importants et à de Au Nigeria, où le président Muhammadu Buhari se présentera bientôt pour être réélu, Cheta Nwanze fournit une évaluation des performances économiques de sa prise de fonction en 2015, son approche n'a pas beaucoup contribué à l'améliorationde son gouvernement. de la situation, Affirmant au que contraire Buhari ason eu approchepas mal de a chose en fait à gérerexacerbé lors certains des problèmes économiques. En Gambie, la destitution de Yahya Jammeh, après plus de deux décennies de dictature, était inattendu et a propulsé Adama Barrow, un homme peu connu, dans les plus hautes fonctions du pays. Barrow, qui dirigeait une coalition de groupes d'opposition, a pris des mesures pour réformer le système de gou- vernement mais, comme le souligne Ismaila Ceesay, tout n'a pas été simple et pressants, tels que le chômage des jeunes qui ralentissent les progrès. direct, avec une politique interne, des accusations de corruption et des défis Au Ghana, Wunpini Mohammed examine la manière dont des femmes margin- alisées sont incluses dans le Nouveau régime du « Parti patriotique". Elle fait valoir que la nomination symbolique de femmes aux fonctions ministérielles masque un manque d’action de la part du gouvernement pour soutenir les femmes originaires des régions les plus pauvres du nord du pays. Dans le courant de l’année écoulée, les présidents en exercice en Sierra Le- one et au Libéria ont respecté les limites de leur mandat, et ont organisé des élections, mais ont vu leur parti les perdre. Au Libéria, George Weah, un foot- balleur devenu politicien. Ibrahim Al-Bakri Nyei examine les premiers indi- promesses électorales clés. cateurs de son administration afin de voir si elle sera en mesure de tenir ses En Sierra Leone, où le président Bio est au pouvoir depuis seulement six mois, les progrès accomplis dans la réalisation des principales promesses élector- alesAndrew - lutte Lavali contre et Hassanla corruption Kallon et proposent éducation quelques gratuite -réflexions et se demandent initiales si sur ce gouvernement peut faire davantage pour faire avancer la réconciliation poli- tique nationale nécessaire. 4 GEORGE WEAH: UNE NOUVELLE DIRECTION POUR COMBATTRE LA PAUVRETE AU LIBERIA? Ibrahim Al-bakri Nyei 5 GEORGE WEAH: UNE NOUVELLE DIRECTION POUR COMBATTRE LA PAUVRETE AU LIBERIA? n janvier 2018, l’ancien footballeur inter- maitrise et une expérience politique appréciable national, sacré par la FIFA, meilleur de l’an- tant au Liberia que dans la région de l’Afrique de Enée, George Weah, a été investi président l’Ouest. Il a représenté le Libéria au Parlement de du Libéria. Pour la première fois, depuis 1944, le la CEDEAO. au président et cela, au stade national – un lieu En 2017, la Coalition pour le Changement d’importanceLibéria a inauguré symbolique la remise pour pacifique Weah compte du pouvoir tenu Démocratique(CDC) de Weah, a formé une co- de son passé sportif – et un lieu qui a permis à des alition avec deux autres partis et a cherché le milliers de Libériens, de tous les secteurs de la vie, soutien de plusieurs partis plus petits. Un allié d’assister au premier transfert du pouvoir par un politique notable, membre de la coalition, chef dirigeant en exercice à un président élu. du Parti Patriotique National, et le colistier sub- séquent était Jewel Howard Taylor ; un parti créé Le cheminement de Weah vers la magistrature su- par l’ancien chef rebelle et Président, Charles prême du pays a débuté avec sa première partici- Taylor, avec qui elle était mariée. Sa base d'appui pation à la présidentielle en 2005. Bien qu’il soit le solide dans le Comté de Bong, bien combiné avec premier parmi 21 autres candidats après le premier la popularité de Weah dans le pays, les a placés en - tête après le premier tour de scrutin. Dans un sec- leaf au deuxième tour. Un scénario similaire s’est ond tour, retardé par une contestation judiciaire déroulétour, il a enfinalement 2011 lorsque été battu Weah, par après Ellen s’être Johnson-Sir associé infructueuse dans laquelle l’opposant de Weah et à l’ancien diplomate de l’ONU, Winston Tubman, a le vice-président sortant, Joseph Boakai, ont con- de nouveau atteint le deuxième tour de scrutin. Mais testé la validité du premier tour de scrutin, il a été cette fois-ci il a boycotté le second tour alléguant élu avec 61,5% des voix. une fraude et Johnson-Sirleaf a été promue à un second mandat. Sans se laisser décourager par les Tandis que la transition était harmonieuse, la échecs, Weah a brigué un siège au Sénat en 2014. situation qui prévalait dans le pays posait des Il a été élu à une majorité écrasante, sénateur du problèmes à un nouveau gouvernement qui de- Comté de Montserrado. Il avait recueilli 78% des vait répondre à de grandes attentes. Le Libéria suffrages. Les années au Senat ont été cruciales et était au bord de la récession économique occa- lui ont permis d'acquérir de l'expérience en matière d’offres politique et présidentielle. Il a été large- ment critiqué pour son manque d'expérience dans lasionnée Banque par Mondiale une monnaie a noté défaillante, que la croissance l’inflation du les précédentes offres présidentielles. Au moment et un profond déficit budgétaire. A la fin de 2017, de son élection en 2017, Weah avait acquis une augmenté de 12,5% ; à cause de la dépréciation PIB était tombée à 2,1% et que l’inflation avait 6 du dollar libérien, du fait de la baisse des exportations et du transfert de capitaux ailleurs. Le retrait en cours de la Mission des Nations Unies au Libéria « UNMIL » est également crucial. Depuis 2003, il a aidé le gouvernement à mener à bien un certain nombre de reformes en matière de sécurité tout en jouant un rôle important dans le maintien de la paix. De plus, on estime que la mission a injecté environ 250 000 - toutdollars en parredynamisant an dans l’économie l’économie locale. qui périclite. Le départ de l’UNMIL, couplé aux défis socio-économiques dom inants, a rapidement amené le nouveau gouvernement à faire face au double défi d’assurer la sécurité UN PRESIDENT FAVORABLE AUX PAUVRES? eah, qui a grandi dans la communauté court terme pour le manque de durabilité et de Gibraltar, une région extrêmement l’absence de lien avec un plan de développe- Wpauvre de Monrovia, a pu, au cours ment plus large. de la campagne électorale, mieux se connecter aux expériences quotidiennes de pauvreté et de En juillet 2018, le gouvernement a annoncé l’adoption d’un programme de développe- sont confrontés. Cela était particulièrement ment quinquennal complet décrivant le plan vraidifficultés pour lesauxquelles jeunes du de Libéria, nombreux qui représenLibériens- du gouvernement pour le pays. Le programme tent environ 64% de la population. Lors de son « Un Programme Favorable aux Pauvres pour discours inaugural en janvier 2018, Weah a an- le Développement et la Prospérité » (PAPD) noncé sa décision «de construire la plus grande ne marque pas un changement idéologique machinerie de gouvernance en faveur des pau- fondamental par rapport aux politiques suiv- vres de l’histoire de ce pays ». Les premiers pro- ies par l’administration d’Ellen Johnson-Sir- duits de cette machinerie favorable aux pauvres leaf. En fait, dans sa déclaration liminaire ont été des interventions consistant à exonérer dans le document du PAPD, le président Weah les étudiants du premier cycle des frais d’in- le décrit comme « le deuxième de la série de scription, à engager de nouveaux enseignants plans menant aux objectifs de Vision 2030 dans les écoles publiques, à construire un hôpi- ». La vision 2030 était une vision nationale tal militaire pour l’armée, à acheter du matériel promulguée par le gouvernement et le peuple médical pour le principal hôpital public et à en- libériens sous l’administration du président tretenir les routes rurales.
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  • A Vision for Sierra Leone
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