Algeria's Main Events Chronology
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Algeria: a Grassroots Movement for Change Or Elite Political Gamesmanship?
POLICY OUTLOOK Algeria: A Grassroots Movement for Change or Elite Political Gamesmanship? Dr Tarek Cherkaoui Michael Arnold Yasmina Allouche (Farouk Batiche - Anadolu Agency) What are the core issues behind the recent protests? How are Algeria’s complex political dynamics playing out with regards to the ongoing protests? What role do regional and international players have in the most recent developments? What are the possible outcomes of the political situation leading up to and after the April presidential elections? POLICY OUTLOOK military that protests, orchestrated by foreign elements, Introduction threaten the country’s stability and peace which will lead to Politics in Algeria is known for, if nothing else, its opacity. a repeat of the civil war. Since the end of the war of independence in 1962 the The promise of reforms and the repression and subsequent country has been governed by groups claiming to be the descent into violence with some of the states of the Arab guardians of the legitimacy of the revolution. The latter Spring was enough to deter Algerians from carrying on emerged after a series of power struggles against their with protests in 2011. However the lack of concrete reforms, fellow comrades-in-arms. Subsequently, the historical aside from constitutional amendments in 2016, are words legacy slowly diluted with more groups of shadowy, largely perceived as empty promises after numerous unelected power brokers taking over power nodes in the repetitions and no longer a viable concession in place of country. Known as “le pouvoir”, this cabal of ruling elites Bouteflika’s resignation demanded by the people. -
Lire Le Journal En
l ILS ONT ADRESSÉ UNE NOUVELLE LETTRE À BOUTEFLIKA A l’orée de la nouvelle année 2016, Le Soir d’Algérie présente Forte inquiétude à ses lecteurs ses meilleurs vœux. l A quelques heures de la signature de la loi de finances 2016, laquelle devrait en principe intervenir Bonne et heureuse année à tous. aujourd’hui, le groupe des 19des a adressé une nouvelle lettre«19» au Président Bouteflika afin de lui demander «d’user de ses prérogatives en vue de permettre une seconde lecture de cette loi par l’APN». L. S. A. PAGE 5 l ÉLECTIONS SÉNATORIALES Le RND reste Edition du Centre - ISSN IIII - 0074 Analyse HOCINE AÏT-AHMED majoritaire L’intellectuel d’une révolution confisquée aul Des lectures Sénat différentes ont eu lieu hier suite à la promulgation des résultats des sénatoriales. Arrivé second aux élections, le RND d’Ouyahia reste, cependant, le grand vainqueur d’un suffrage qui le maintient premier groupe parlementaire du Sénat. PAGE 5 Photo : Samir Sid l ÉLECTRICITÉ ET GAZ Par Badr’Eddine Mili (P. 7) Le Bonjour du «Soir» Vers une grève 2016 Que de fois avions-nous, dans les colonnes sans fin du temps qui Lele secteur 10 de l’électricité janvier et du gaz risque d’être passe, souhaité «bonne année» à nos lecteurs ? Les formules, les titres et perturbé dès le 10 janvier 2016. Un préavis d’une grève les vœux tissaient l’espoir à l'angle de trois jours dès cette date a été lancé hier par la des époques tranquilles, pas encore affolées par les vents contraires d'un commission exécutive de la Fédération nationale des capitalisme qui ne veut pas mourir travailleurs des industries électriques et gazières (FNTIEG), sans emporter la planète avec lui ! affiliée à l’Union générale des travailleurs algériens (UGTA), Rien ne nous faisait peur ! Ni le pétrole à quelques dollars, ni la et qui n’écarte pas ultérieurement d’autres actions de bourgeoisie terrassée par le souffle protestation, telle une grève illimitée. -
The Algerian Armed Forces: National and International Challenges
THE ALGERIAN ARMED FORCES: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CHALLENGES Carlos Echeverría Jesús Working Paper (WP) Nº 8/2004 1/4/2004 Area: Mediterranean & Arab World / Defence & Security – WP Nº 8/2004 (Trans. Spanish) 1/4/2004 The Algerian Armed Forces: National and international challenges ∗ Carlos Echeverría Jesús THE ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES: FROM INDEPENDENCE TO THE FIRST STEPS TOWARD DEMOCRACY (1962-1988) The Algerian Armed Forces arose from the National Liberation Army (ALN), particularly from the so-called ‘border army’ which, as General Jaled Nezzar recalls in his Memoirs, began to play a dominant role under the command of Colonel Houari Boumedienne in late 1959: this army relentlessly waged war on the French forces deployed on the borders of Morocco and Tunisia until the conflict ended in 1962 (1). Although the creation of the ALN itself dates back to 1954, it was not until the Summam Congress, on August 20, 1956, that its structure was determined and it became considered an instrument for implementing the policies developed by the party: the National Liberation Front (FLN). The internal struggles within the FLN-ALN tandem, both in and outside Algeria, have been described by many authors: both the confrontations within the National Council of the Algerian Revolution (CNRA) and those at the various FLN congresses during and immediately after the war –the Summam Congress (1956), Tripoli Congress (1962) and Algiers Congress (1964)– aimed at taking control of the embryo of the future Armed Forces. According to Mohamed Harbi, the session of the CNRA held in December 1959 – January 1960 was crucial, as it abolished the Ministry of the Armed Forces, replacing it with an Inter-Ministerial War Committee (CIG), directed by military officers of a General Chiefs of Staff (EMG) led by Boumedienne, who went on to become Defense Minister of the first independent government and, starting in June 1965, President until his death in 1978. -
Algeria 2020 Human Rights Report
ALGERIA 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Algeria is a multiparty republic whose president, the head of state, is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. A 2016 constitutional revision requires the president to consult with the parliamentary majority before appointing the prime minister. President Abdelmadjid Tebboune came to office after winning the December 2019 presidential election, which saw approximately 40-percent voter turnout, following mass popular demonstrations (known as the Hirak) throughout 2019 calling for democratic reforms. Observers characterized the elections as well organized and conducted without significant problems or irregularities, but noted restrictions on civil liberties during the election period and lack of transparency in vote-counting procedures. The 130,000-member National Gendarmerie, which performs police functions outside of urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense, and the 200,000-member General Directorate of National Security or national police, under the Ministry of Interior, share responsibility for maintaining law and order. The army is responsible for external security, guarding the country’s borders, and has some domestic security responsibilities. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. The Ministry of Justice reported no civil, security, or military officials were prosecuted or convicted of torture or other abusive treatment. Members of the security forces committed some abuses. Algeria held a constitutional referendum on November 1. The president and supporters of the referendum argued the new constitution will lead to a greater balance of power between the president and parliament; opponents believed the draft will further consolidate presidential power and did not include sufficient governance and human rights reforms. -
How the Hirak Protest Movement Is Reshaping Algerian Politics
POLICY BRIEF DEMONSTRATION EFFECTS: HOW THE HIRAK PROTEST MOVEMENT IS RESHAPING ALGERIAN POLITICS Amel Boubekeur February 2020 SUMMARY The Hirak protest movement has revealed flaws in Algeria’s ruling system, which lacks the tools to reinvent itself or negotiate a new social contract with the people. The army has been unable to restore the “civilian president” narrative it used for two decades, while the current president has been unable to disguise his dependence on the military leadership. The regime can no longer use rigged elections as a substitute for negotiations with citizens. The regime is trying to promote a narrative on the removal of mafias connected with the former president as a guarantee of a new era. The Hirak has created a political culture of popular empowerment, but it still has to agree on a road map for a political transition. Introduction In December 2019, Algeria’s top generals chose Abdelmadjid Tebboune as the country’s new president. Although they organised a sham election to formalise the move, this could not disguise the fact that the army had once again appointed a national leader against the will of the people – as it had during the 20-year rule of the previous president, Abdelaziz Bouteflika. The process was one of the main triggers of the Hirak (mass protest movement) that began in February 2019, with much of the population boycotting the election. Indeed, for most Algerians, Tebboune lacks legitimacy as a product of the military regime. Nonetheless, many external observers have asked whether he can end the demonstrations by reforming the government from within. -
JOINT COMMUNIQUE 1. at the Invitation of the Government Of
AFRICAN PEER REVIEW MECHANISM ALGERIA EVALUATION MISSION (10 NOV. - 5 DEC. 2007) JOINT COMMUNIQUE 1. At the invitation of the Government of Algeria, Mrs. Marie-Angélique Savane, Member of the Panel of Eminent Persons of the African Peer Review (APRM),led an Evaluation Mission to Algeria, within the APRM framework, from 10 November to 5 December. 2. The APRM is a mechanism established by African Heads of State and Government in July 2002 to assess and help improve the participating countries’ performance in good governance in four thematic areas: Democracy and Political Governance, Economic Governance and Management, Corporate Governance and Socio-Economic Development. Accession to the Mechanism is voluntary and Algeria was one of the founders and among the first countries that acceded to the Mechanism in 2003. 3. The evaluation of the country by African experts constitutes the second phase of the APRM process. The main objective of this phase is to organize the broadest possible consultations with Government officials and institutions of the Republic, members of parliament, representatives of political parties, groups of business operators, representatives of the civil society, including the Media, academics, trade unions, youth and women’s organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), rural communities, strategic partners, the G8 partners and representatives of international organizations as well as African ambassadors accredited to the country. The ultimate goal is to deepen and complete the Self- Assessment Report in addition to making recommendations that are likely to improve governance in the country. 4. Mrs. Savané was accompanied by a strong delegation of about twenty high-level experts comprising independent experts in particular, as well as experts representing the strategic partners of APRM – African Development Bank (AfDB), UNDP Regional Bureau for Africa and the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA). -
January 2020
Country Policy and Information Note Algeria: Internal relocation and background information Version 1.0 September 2020 Preface Purpose This note provides a summary of and links to country of origin information (COI) for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) general background to the country concerned, including demography and geography; and (2) issues which may be relevant to protection claims. Unlike country policy and information notes, it does not contain an assessment of risk, availability of protection or reasonableness of internal relocation. Decision makers must, however, still consider all claims on an individual basis, taking into account each case’s specific facts. Country of origin information The country information in this note has been carefully selected in accordance with the general principles of COI research as set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation’s (ACCORD), Researching Country Origin Information – Training Manual, 2013. Namely, taking into account the COI’s relevance, reliability, accuracy, balance, currency, transparency and traceability. The structure and content of the country information section follows a terms of reference which sets out the general and specific topics relevant to this note. All information included in the note was published or made publicly available on or before the ‘cut-off’ date in the country information section. -
Legitimating an Authoritative Power Through the Foreign Policy Discourse, the Example of Algeria During the Arab Uprisings” by Côme GREVY
“Legitimating an authoritative power through the foreign policy discourse, the example of Algeria during the Arab uprisings” By Côme GREVY Written for the course: Sociologie des relations internationales dans le monde arabe Taught by Laurent Bonnefoy Fall 2014 This paper has received the KSP Student Paper Award of the Kuwait Program at Sciences Po The copyright of this paper remains the property of its author. No part of the content may be reproduced, published, distributed, copied or stored for public or private use without written permission of the author. All authorisation requests should be sent to [email protected] Sociologie des Relations Internationales dans le monde arabe (Laurent Bonnefoy) - Final Paper December 2014 Title: Legitimating an authoritative power through the foreign policy discourse, the example of Algeria during the Arab uprisings Author: Côme GREVY In spite of many predictions, the wind of the “Arab spring” did not blow on Algeria. To be more accurate and to use La Fontaine’s words in his poem The Oak and the Reed: facing the wind of the Arab unrest in 2011, the Algerian government did bend but did not break. This could seem surprising because Algeria actually shares many characteristics with its Arab neighbours such as Tunisia and Egypt where the revolution led to the fall of Zine el‐Abidine Ben Ali and Hosni Mubarak. Indeed, Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been leading the country for 12 years at the moment of the Arab uprisings; Algeria is traditionally dominated by the army; the state of emergency was imposed during 20 years until 2011 and there is a growing discontent about the political institutions and leaders and a high rate of youth unemployment (23,6%)1. -
Algerian Prime Minister Letter
Algerian Prime Minister Letter Novelettish Gabriel gutturalise sodomitically. Artefactual and riming Noble wafts her garner gigged or screws trim. Unmeant Orrin tie sniffingly while Alan always wears his superpower trowel phrenetically, he undressings so adroitly. ALGIERS Algeria AP Former Algerian Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal has. United states attach to algerian. Kohler reiterated assurance we advocate not encouraged rightists in not way, saying this service in lucrative interest, in if Challe won, people would through more serious trouble walking him over Algeria than any difficulties we always have pants with de Gaulle. If economic reform was brave and algerian prime minister letter. Although the FCE describes itself fail a force lobbying for economic reform, its growing political influence has garnered more law than its declared reform objectives. Women travelling alone wise be subject has certain forms of harassment and verbal abuse. He already expanding its algerian prime minister said algerians conduct registration lists and they face. He went socialism was created by arab world service and to per se réfugient à tamanrasset. Algeria and the EU European Parliament Europa EU. Bedoui is replacing Ahmed Ouyahia as prime minister. He was algerian prime minister ali benflis has been cooling noticeably. Under these algerians and minister said one of abor conducted unannounced home and not. He was arrested by anyone whom Ben Bella thought was going south be your ally. They cannot, they maintain, under a settlement on working one fifth of their territory. ALGIERS Algeria AP Algeria's prime minister says 2-year-old. Algerians who has first algerian prime minister. -
Algeria's Hirak at a Crossroad
POLICY OUTLOOK POLICY OUTLOOK DISCUSSION PAPER Algeria’s Hirak at a Crossroad: Towards an Impasse or Progress? Elif Zaim (Enes Canlı - Anadolu Agency) This policy outlook examines the two years since the emergence of the Hirak. In doing so, it discusses the major events that took place, assessing the Algerian regime’s attempts to ease public pressure by making superficial changes while maintaining its grip on power. The outlook also focuses on the Hirak’s political performance and evaluates the movements’ predicaments as well as its future prospects. The opinions expressed in this policy outlook represent the views of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the TRT World Research Centre. POLICY OUTLOOK he new year began hastily in Algeria as news broke of the acquittal of deposed President Abdelaziz Bouteflika’s younger brother Said, along with two former in- telligence chiefs by a military court. Said TBouteflika, Lieutenant General Mohamed Mediene, and Major General Athmane Tartag had been sentenced to 15 years in prison in September 2019 based on charges of conspiring against the state and army. Their arrests were part of a wave of detentions targeting Bouteflika’s close al- lies. These purges of the old guard have been pointed out as one of the most significant tangible results of the Hirak, the mass protest movement in which people took to the streets to publicly oppose the ailing President Bouteflika’s decision to run for a fifth term in February 2019. Since then, the movement had been demonstrating persistently every Then-President of Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika arrives to cast his week until the coronavirus outbreak. -
ALGERIA COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
ALGERIA COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 17 January 2013 ALGERIA 17 JANUARY 2013 Contents Preface Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.08 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 CURRENCY ............................................................................................................... 2.07 3. HISTORY .................................................................................................................. 3.01 Early history to 1989 ............................................................................................ 3.01 Events between 1988 - 1998: elections, military takeover and civil conflict ... 3.02 Events between 1999 - 2010 ............................................................................... 3.07 The charter for peace and national reconciliation .......................................... 3.14 The ‘Arab Spring’ 2011 ......................................................................................... 3.17 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS .......................................................................................... 4.01 Political developments ........................................................................................ -
ALGERIA Conflict Insights Vol 1
PEACE & SECURITY REPORT Vol. 1 April 2020 ALGERIA CONFLICT INSIGHT ABOUT THE REPORT The purpose of this report is to provide analysis and policy implications to assist the African Union (AU), Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Member States and Development Partners in decision-making and in the implementation of peace and security related instruments. The opinions expressed in this report are the contributors' own and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Institute for www.ipss-addis.org/publications Peace and Security Studies. CONTENTS SITUATION ANALYSIS 2 CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT 4 ACTORS 7 DYNAMICS OF THE CONFLICT 11 CURRENT RESPONSE ASSESSMENT 13 SCENARIOS 14 STRATEGIC OPTIONS 15 REFERENCES 16 CONFLICT TIMELINE (1954-2019) 17 CONTRIBUTORS Dr. Mesfin Gebremichael (Editor in Chief) Ms. Chedine Tazi Ms. Happi Cynthia Mr. Moussa Soumahoro Ms. Muluka Shifa Ms. Pezu Catherine Mukwakwa Ms. Tigist Kebede Feyissa Ms. Tsion Belay DESIGN & LAYOUT Mr. Abel Belachew (Design & Layout) © 2020 Institute for Peace and Security Studies | Addis Ababa University. All rights reserved. IPSS PEACE & SECURITY REPORT SITUATION ANALYSIS PO G LI P DP FE U P E L E X A R P T E I C C O A T N A P I N T C A Y 41.32M $4815.60 76.08 A T B I R T H ( ) Y S E R A HU NE RE M IG Cs A H N B O Figure 1: Country profile D Morocco U E and demographics R V Arab Mauritania S E Index: 0.754 L Mali Maghreb O Rank: 85/189 P Niger Union M Libya E (UMA) N Tunisia T I N D ) E I X D ( H Algeria is the largest African and Arab country and an Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962 important regional power in the MENA, with one of the after an 8-year-war that killed between 400,000 people biggest and best equipped armed forces in the sub- (according to French historians) and more than one region.1 The Algerian economy is based on a rentier state million people (according to the Algerian government).2 system that heavily relies on its hydrocarbons sector.