Deserts of South America

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Deserts of South America Patagonia Patagonia is an area covering most of the southern portions of Argentina and Chile. It consists of more than 250,000 square miles of mostly treeless tableland, interspersed with majestic mountain peaks, glaciers and ice fields, and stunning national parks. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Andes Mountains to the west, and the Strait of Magellan to the south. Tierra del Fuego, the small region south of the strait, is also considered part of Patagonia. The South Pacific westerly air current, as well as the Andes Mountain range, present a unique weather pattern to the region. The northern part of the area experiences semiarid, sunny conditions and dry, cold winds. The southern part of the area has a drier climate, colder temperatures, and can experience frost year round. Patagonia has been home to the original inhabitants, the native Tehuelche people, as well as to Spanish explorers, English pirates, Jesuits, and most recently, immigrants from Chile and other South American countries. It is currently popular with tourists, scientists, and surveyors. The Atacama Desert The Atacama Desert spans an area of six hundred to seven hundred miles in northern Chile, extending north to the boundary with Peru. Its geography is very diverse: low coastal mountains (which drop straight into the ocean) connect with flat salt pans that connect to sloping alluvial fans that connect to the foothills of the Andes. Due to a weather pattern created by the South Pacific high-pressure cell, the Atacama is one of the driest regions in the world. The coastal current keeps the air cold at sea level and produces a lot of fog. This, in turn, keeps temperatures inland relatively low compared with those in similar latitudes elsewhere. The desert was the object of conflict for many years while Bolivia, Chile, and Peru fought over land rights to sodium nitrate deposits. Now, copper mining is the region’s chief source of revenue. Another well-known feature of the region is the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, an international astronomy facility used to study and advance scientific knowledge of the universe..

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Rain Shadows
WEB TUTORIAL 24.2 Rain Shadows Text Sections Section 24.4 Earth's Physical Environment, p. 428 Introduction Atmospheric circulation patterns strongly influence the Earth's climate. Although there are distinct global patterns, local variations can be explained by factors such as the presence of absence of mountain ranges. In this tutorial we will examine the effects on climate of a mountain range like the Andes of South America. Learning Objectives • Understand the effects that topography can have on climate. • Know what a rain shadow is. Narration Rain Shadows Why might the communities at a certain latitude in South America differ from those at a similar latitude in Africa? For example, how does the distribution of deserts on the western side of South America differ from the distribution seen in Africa? What might account for this difference? Unlike the deserts of Africa, the Atacama Desert in Chile is a result of topography. The Andes mountain chain extends the length of South America and has a pro- nounced influence on climate, disrupting the tidy latitudinal patterns that we see in Africa. Let's look at the effects on climate of a mountain range like the Andes. The prevailing winds—which, in the Andes, come from the southeast—reach the foot of the mountains carrying warm, moist air. As the air mass moves up the wind- ward side of the range, it expands because of the reduced pressure of the column of air above it. The rising air mass cools and can no longer hold as much water vapor. The water vapor condenses into clouds and results in precipitation in the form of rain and snow, which fall on the windward slope.
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An Integrated Analysis of the March 2015 Atacama Floods
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Arte Rupestre, Etnografía Y Memoria Colectiva: El Caso De Cueva De Las Manos, Patagonia Argentina
Rev. urug. antropología etnografía, ISSN 2393-6886, 2021, Año VI – Nº 1:71–85 DOI: 10.29112/RUAE.v6.n1.4 Estudios y Ensayos Arte rupestre, etnografía y memoria colectiva: el caso de Cueva de las Manos, Patagonia Argentina ROCK ART (CAVE PAINTING), ETHNOGRAPHY AND COLLECTIVE MEMORY. CASE OF STUDY: CUEVA DE LAS MANOS, PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA ARTE RUPESTRE, ETNOGRAFIA E MEMÓRIA COLETIVA. O CASO DE CUEVA DE LAS MANOS, PATAGÔNIA, ARGENTINA 1 Patricia Schneier 71 Agustina Ponce2 Carlos Aschero3 1 Investigadora independiente; Licenciada en Cs. Antropológicas, FFyL-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0003-0071-5455. 2 Becaria en el Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales (ISES)CONICET/UNT e Instituto de Arqueología y Museo (IAM), FCN e IML-UNT, Tucumán, Argentina. chuen@ outlook.com.ar, ORCID: 0000-0002-1740-6408. 3 Investigador principal en el Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales(ISES)CONICET/UNT e Instituto de Arqueología y Museo (IAM), FCN e IML-UNT, Tucumán, Argentina. [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0001-9872- 9438. RESUMEN Cueva de las Manos (Patagonia Argentina) es un emblemático sitio que ha sido declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por UNESCO. En él se presenta una gran cantidad de paneles de arte rupestre realizados en distintos momentos, entre 9400 y 2500 años atrás. Sobre el amplio repertorio de figuras y escenas que se representaron en los mismos, seleccionamos dos temas: escenas de caza y guanacas preñadas en relación con los negativos de manos. Tomando como referencia registros documentales etnográficos que preservaron narraciones míticas del pueblo P. Schneier, A. Ponce, C. Aschero – Arte rupestre, etnografía y memoria colectiva: el caso de Cueva… Tehuelche, además de los relatos de cronistas y viajeros, proponemos líneas interpretativas afines con aquellos temas del arte rupestre, realizados miles de años atrás.
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Patagonia Conservation Program September 20 – December 13, 2013 Student Information Packet
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Environments
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Universidad Nacional De Córdoba Facultad De Filosofía Y Humanidades Escuela De Bibliotecología Y Documentación
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades Escuela de Bibliotecología y Documentación Bibliotecas indígenas: Un modelo teórico aplicable en comunidades aborígenes argentinas Trabajo de Tesis para optar al Título de Licenciado en Bibliotecología y Documentación Bibl. Edgardo Civallero Directora de Tesis Lic. Matilde Tagle de Cuenca Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba (Argentina) – año 2004 Tribunal de Tesis Lic. Marta Palacio Mgter. Rosario Nicolás de Taneda Lic. María Carmen Ladrón de Guevara ii Dedicatoria A todos los abuelos de las comunidades indígenas, con el íntimo deseo de que puedan seguir narrando, noche tras noche, los antiguos cuentos en las antiguas lenguas de la tierra, con esos antiguos ritmos tan propios.... A sus nietos, para que puedan continuar escuchando, noche tras noche, todas esas palabras y toda esa sabiduría. A todos los que, de alguna forma y en algún grado, luchan para que este milagro cotidiano siga ocurriendo. Porque no pueden -ni quieren- dejar que la ilusión se haga cenizas. Y a todos los que luchan para que esto no ocurra. A los que odian, a los que destruyen, a los que anulan y confunden. Confiando en que, algún día, nos obsequien un amanecer sin su presencia. iii “(...) Extinción. No solo muerte vasta. No cambiar. No dejar descendientes.(...) Extinción. La supresión absoluta, completa, minuciosa y ciega de una forma entera de vida significa el corte limpio y definitivo de una rama evolutiva. Es la admisión terminante e inapelable de un fracaso (...) Son sencillamente tragados por la nada, arrojados fuera de toda posible existencia, de toda forma de memoria, como una manera de indicar un hundimiento.
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Long Term Atmospheric Deposition As the Source of Nitrate and Other Salts in the Atacama Desert, Chile
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 68, No. 20, pp. 4023-4038, 2004 Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Ltd Pergamon Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0016-7037/04 $30.00 ϩ .00 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.04.009 Long term atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrate and other salts in the Atacama Desert, Chile: New evidence from mass-independent oxygen isotopic compositions 1, 2 1 GREG MICHALSKI, *J.K.BÖHLKE and MARK THIEMENS 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0356, USA 2United States Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA (Received August 19, 2003; accepted in revised form April 7, 2004) Abstract—Isotopic analysis of nitrate and sulfate minerals from the nitrate ore ﬁelds of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile has shown anomalous 17O enrichments in both minerals. ⌬17O values of 14–21 ‰ in nitrate and0.4to4‰insulfate are the most positive found in terrestrial minerals to date. Modeling of atmospheric processes indicates that the ⌬17O signatures are the result of photochemical reactions in the troposphere and stratosphere. We conclude that the bulk of the nitrate, sulfate and other soluble salts in some parts of the Atacama Desert must be the result of atmospheric deposition of particles produced by gas to particle conversion, with minor but varying amounts from sea spray and local terrestrial sources. Flux calculations indicate that the major salt deposits could have accumulated from atmospheric deposition in a period of 200,000 to 2.0 M years during hyper-arid conditions similar to those currently found in the Atacama Desert.
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Revista Completa Descargar Archivo
ISSN 0325-2221 (versión impresa) ISSN 1852-1479 (versión online) TOMO XL (1) enero-junio 2015 Buenos Aires COMISIÓN DIRECTIVA SOCIEDAD ARGENTINA DE ANTROPOLOGÍA 2014-2015 Presidenta: Mónica Berón Secretaria: Fabiana Bugliani Tesorera: Mara Basile Primer vocal titular: Carlos Zanolli Segundo vocal titular: Verónica Lema Primer vocal suplente: Juan Engelman Revisores de Cuentas: Darío Hermo Laura Miotti Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología está incluida en los siguientes índices, catálogos y repositorios - Latindex Catálogo Folio 7380 (Nivel Superior de Excelencia) - Dialnet CIRC: Clasificación Integrada de Revistas Científicas Grupo C - Catálogo Red de Bibliotecas Universitarias (REBIUN) - Handbook of Latin American Studies (HLAS) - Naturalis, Facultad Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - SeDiCi, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Catálogo Biblioteca Universitaria CSIC 000784889 - DOAJ (Directory Open Access Journal) - Anthropological Literature, Harvard - CLASE, UNAM - EBSCO-HOST Database - Directory Indexing of International Research Journals (CiteFactor) - Núcleo Básico de Revistas Científicas Argentinas. CAICYT- CONICET. Relaciones es una publicación semestral editada por la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología (SAA) para difundir la investigación en Ciencias Antropológicas de la República Argentina y el Cono Sur. Se propone difundir a nivel académico amplio los resultados de investigaciones o sus distintos grados de avance, favorecer la discusión entre los autores y mantener actualizados a los miembros de la SAA en los temas de su incumbencia. Publica artículos originales de investigación básica y aplicada, notas, entrevistas, comentarios, reseñas y obituarios de autores argentinos y extranjeros sobre Arqueología, Antropología Social, Antropología Biológica, Etnografía y Etnohistoria. Los artículos son revisados por un Comité Editorial y evaluados por, al menos, dos especialistas nacionales y/o extranjeros.
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Ncomms8100.Pdf
ARTICLE Received 14 Jul 2014 | Accepted 1 Apr 2015 | Published 11 May 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8100 Evidence for photochemical production of reactive oxygen species in desert soils Christos D. Georgiou1, Henry J. Sun2, Christopher P. McKay3, Konstantinos Grintzalis1, Ioannis Papapostolou1, Dimitrios Zisimopoulos1, Konstantinos Panagiotidis1, Gaosen Zhang4, Eleni Koutsopoulou5, George E. Christidis6 & Irene Margiolaki1 The combination of intense solar radiation and soil desiccation creates a short circuit in the biogeochemical carbon cycle, where soils release signiﬁcant amounts of CO2 and reactive nitrogen oxides by abiotic oxidation. Here we show that desert soils accumulate metal superoxides and peroxides at higher levels than non-desert soils. We also show the photo- generation of equimolar superoxide and hydroxyl radical in desiccated and aqueous soils, respectively, by a photo-induced electron transfer mechanism supported by their mineralogical composition. Reactivity of desert soils is further supported by the generation of hydroxyl radical via aqueous extracts in the dark. Our ﬁndings extend to desert soils the photogeneration of reactive oxygen species by certain mineral oxides and also explain previous studies on desert soil organic oxidant chemistry and microbiology. Similar processes driven by ultraviolet radiation may be operating in the surface soils on Mars. 1 Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece. 2 Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119, USA. 3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA. 4 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China. 5 Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece. 6 Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania 73100, Greece.
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Chemical Geology 525 (2019) 435–446 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemical Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemgeo Atmospheric deposition across the Atacama Desert, Chile: Compositions, source distributions, and interannual comparisons T ⁎ Jianghanyang Lia, Fan Wangb,c, , Greg Michalskia,d, Benjamin Wilkinsd a Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA b School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China c Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China d Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Editor: Donald Porcelli Hyper-arid areas such as the Atacama Desert accumulated significant amounts of insoluble dust and soluble salts Keywords: from the atmosphere, providing minable salt deposits as well as mimicking the surface processes on Mars. The Atacama Desert deposition rates, compositions and sources, however, were poorly constrained. Especially, the variabilities of Atmospheric deposition atmospheric deposition in the Atacama Desert corresponding to a changing climate were unassessed. In this Interannual comparison work, the atmospheric depositions collected using dust traps across a west-east elevation gradient in the Sulfur isotopes Atacama (~23°S) from 1/2/2010 to 12/31/2011 were analyzed and compared to previous results in 2007–2009. The insoluble dust deposition rates in our sampling period were significantly higher than those of 2007–2009 in most dust traps, which was attributed to the changes in wind, highlighting the importance of long-term mon- itoring of insoluble dust fluxes.
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THE RAINBOW FLAG of the INCAS by Gustav Tracchia
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