International History Bowl – Finals
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Japanese Economic Growth During the Edo Period*
Japanese Economic Growth during the Edo Period* Toshiaki TAMAKI Abstract During the Edo period, Japanese production of silver declined drastically. Japan could not export silver in order to import cotton, sugar, raw silk and tea from China. Japan was forced to carry out import-substitution. Because Japan adopted seclusion policy and did not produce big ships, it used small ships for coastal trade, which contributed to the growth of national economy. Japanese economic growth during the Edo period was indeed Smithian, but it formed the base of economic development in Meiji period. Key words: Kaimin, maritime, silver economic growth, Sakoku 1.Introduction Owing to the strong influence of Marxism, and Japan’s defeat in World War II, Japanese historians dismissed the Edo period (1603–1867) as a stagnating period. Japan, during this period, was regarded as a country that lagged behind Europe because of its underdeveloped social and economic systems. It had been closed to the outside world for over two hundred years, as a result of its Sakoku (seclusion) policy, and could not, therefore, progress as rapidly as Europe and the United States. This image of Japan during the Edo period began to change in the 1980s, and this period is now viewed as an age of economic growth, even if Japan’s growth rates were not as rapid as those of Europe. Economic growth during the Edo period is now even considered to be the foundation for the economic growth that occurred after the Meiji period. In this paper, I will develop three arguments that demonstrate the veracity of the above viewpoint. -
Westernization in Japan: America’S Arrival
International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-3, Issue-8, Aug.-2017 http://iraj.in WESTERNIZATION IN JAPAN: AMERICA’S ARRIVAL TANRIO SOPHIA VIRGINIA English Literature Department BINUS UNIVERSITY Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract- As America arrived with westernization during late Edo period also known as Bakumatsu period, Japan unwelcomed it. The arrival of America in Japan had initiated the ‘wind of change’ to new era towards Japan culture albeit its contribution to Japan proffers other values at all cost. The study aims to emphasize the importance of history in globalization era by learning Japan's process in accepting western culture. By learning historical occurrences, cultural conflicts can be avoided or minimized in global setting. The importance of awareness has accentuated an understanding of forbearance in cultural diversity perspectives and the significance of diplomatic relation for peace. Systematic literature review is applied as the method to analyze the advent of America, forming of treaty, Sakoku Policy, Diplomatic relationship, and Jesuit- Franciscans conflict. The treaty formed between Japan and America served as the bridge for Japan to enter westernization. Keywords- Westernization, Japan, America, Sakoku Policy, Jesuit-Franciscans Conflict, Treaty, Culture, Edo Period. I. INTRODUCTION Analysing from the advent of America leads to Japan’s Sakoku Policy which took roots from a Bakumatsu period or also known as Edo period, dispute caused by westerners when Japan was an specifically in the year of 1854 in Capital of Kyoto, open country. This paper provides educational values Japan, was when the conflict between Pro-Shogunate from historical occurrences. -
THE ARIZONA ROUGH RIDERS by Harlan C. Herner a Thesis
The Arizona rough riders Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Herner, Charles Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 02:07:43 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551769 THE ARIZONA ROUGH RIDERS b y Harlan C. Herner A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1965 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of require ments for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of this material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: MsA* J'73^, APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: G > Harwood P. -
A New Interpretation of the Bakufu's Refusal to Open the Ryukyus To
Volume 16 | Issue 17 | Number 3 | Article ID 5196 | Sep 01, 2018 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus A New Interpretation of the Bakufu’s Refusal to Open the Ryukyus to Commodore Perry Marco Tinello Abstract The Ryukyu Islands are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to In this article I seek to show that, while the Taiwan. The former Kingdom of Ryukyu was Ryukyu shobun refers to the process by which formally incorporated into the Japanese state the Meiji government annexed the Ryukyu as Okinawa Prefecture in 1879. Kingdom between 1872 and 1879, it can best be understood by investigating its antecedents in the Bakumatsu era and by viewing it in the wider context of East Asian and world history. I show that, following negotiations with Commodore Perry, the bakufu recognized the importance of claiming Japanese control over the Ryukyus. This study clarifies the changing nature of Japanese diplomacy regarding the Ryukyus from Bakumatsu in the late 1840s to early Meiji. Keywords Tokugawa bakufu, Bakumatsu, Ryukyu shobun, Commodore Perry, Japan From the end of the fourteenth century until the mid-sixteenth century, the Ryukyu kingdom was a center of trade relations between Japan, China, Korea, and other East Asian partners. According to his journal, when Commodore Matthew C. Perry demanded that the Ryukyu Islands be opened to his fleet in 1854, the Tokugawa shogunate replied that the Ryukyu Kingdom “is a very distant country, and the opening of its harbor cannot be discussed by us.”2 The few English-language studies3 of this encounter interpret this reply as evidence that 1 16 | 17 | 3 APJ | JF the bakufu was reluctant to become involved in and American sources relating to the discussions about the international status of negotiations between Perry and the bakufu in the Ryukyus; no further work has been done to 1854, I show that Abe did not draft his guide investigate the bakufu’s foreign policy toward immediately before, but rather after the Ryukyus between 1854 and the early Meiji negotiations were held at Uraga in 1854/2. -
War Hero Followed Family Legacy
War Hero Followed Family Legacy It was June 24, 1898, a hot tropical day in Cuba, when a group of Indian Territory boys took part in one of the first battles of the Spanish American War. The U.S. had entered into the war in aid of Cubans who were fighting for their independence from Spain. President William McKinley had sought to create an all- volunteer cavalry unit to send to Cuba. The plan was for this unit to be filled with men from the western terri- tories – Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Indian Territory. In Muskogee, federal judge John R. Thomas, Sr. was in charge of recruiting two troops. He took an ac- tive interest in this role and under his guidance saw Troop L and Troop M embark from Muskogee to a train- ing camp in San Antonio, Texas. His own son, Lieutenant John R. Thomas, Jr., was among these troops. Once in San Antonio, the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry – its official name – quickly became know as Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders. Roosevelt had resigned his position as assistant Secretary of the Navy to serve as lieutenant colonel in this regiment. At the Battle of Las Guasimas, 500 Americans faced a force of 2,000 Spaniards. Skeptics had questioned how these famed Rough Riders would per- form under battle conditions. Also at the battle was the Tenth Calvary, an all- black unit known as the Buffalo Soldiers who had at various times served I.T. forts. The regular cavalry also had a unit present at Las Guasimas. -
African American Soldiers in the Philippine War: An
AFRIC AN AMERICAN SOLDIERS IN THE PHILIPPINE WAR: AN EXAMINATION OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF BUFFALO SOLDIERS DURING THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH, 1898-1902 Christopher M. Redgraves Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2017 APPROVED: Geoffrey D. W. Wawro, Major Professor Richard Lowe, Committee Member G. L. Seligmann, Jr., Committee Member Richard G. Vedder, Committee Member Jennifer Jensen Wallach, Committee Member Harold Tanner, Chair of the Department of History David Holdeman, Dean of College of Arts and Sciences Victor Prybutok, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Redgraves, Christopher M. African American Soldiers in the Philippine War: An Examination of the Contributions of Buffalo Soldiers during the Spanish American War and Its Aftermath, 1898–1902. Doctor of Philosophy (History), August 2017, 294 pp., 8 tables, bibliography, 120 titles. During the Philippine War, 1899 – 1902, America attempted to quell an uprising from the Filipino people. Four regular army regiments of black soldiers, the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry, and the Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Infantry served in this conflict. Alongside the regular army regiments, two volunteer regiments of black soldiers, the Forty-Eighth and Forty-Ninth, also served. During and after the war these regiments received little attention from the press, public, or even historians. These black regiments served in a variety of duties in the Philippines, primarily these regiments served on the islands of Luzon and Samar. The main role of these regiments focused on garrisoning sections of the Philippines and helping to end the insurrection. To carry out this mission, the regiments undertook a variety of duties including scouting, fighting insurgents and ladrones (bandits), creating local civil governments, and improving infrastructure. -
Copyright by Benjamin Nicolas Narvaez 2010
Copyright by Benjamin Nicolas Narvaez 2010 The Dissertation Committee for Benjamin Nicolas Narvaez Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Chinese Coolies in Cuba and Peru: Race, Labor, and Immigration, 1839-1886 Committee: Jonathan C. Brown, Supervisor Evelyn Hu-DeHart Seth W. Garfield Frank A. Guridy Susan Deans-Smith Madeline Y. Hsu Chinese Coolies in Cuba and Peru: Race, Labor, and Immigration, 1839-1886 by Benjamin Nicolas Narvaez, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2010 Dedication To my parents Leon and Nancy, my brother David, and my sister Cristina. Acknowledgements Throughout the process of doing the research and then writing this dissertation, I benefitted immensely from the support of various individuals and institutions. I could not have completed the project without their help. I am grateful to my dissertation committee. My advisor, Dr. Jonathan Brown, reasonable but at the same time demanding in his expectations, provided me with excellent guidance. In fact, during my entire time as a graduate student at the University of Texas at Austin, he was a model of the excellence of which a professional historian is capable. Dr. Evelyn Hu-DeHart was kind enough to take an interest in my work and gave me valuable advice. This project would not have been possible without her pioneering research on Asians in Latin America. I also wish to thank the other members of my dissertation committee – Dr. -
WAGE Women Under
WHO WAS WHO, 1897-1916 WAGE and Tendencies of German Transatlantic Henry Boyd, afterwards head of Hertford 1908 Enterprise, ; Aktiengesellschaften in Coll. Oxford ; Vicar of Healaugh, Yorkshire, den : Vereinigten Staaten ; Life of Carl Schurz, 1864-71. Publications The Sling and the 1908 Jahrbuch der ; Editor, Weltwirtschaft ; Stone, in 10 vols., 1866-93 ; The Mystery of Address : many essays. The University, Pain, Death, and Sin ; Discourses in Refuta- Berlin. Clubs : of of City New York ; Kaiserl. tion Atheism, 1878 ; Lectures on the Bible, Automobil, Berlin. [Died 28 June 1909. and The Theistic Faith and its Foundations, Baron VON SCHRODER, William Henry, D.L. ; 1881 ; Theism, or Religion of Common Sense, b. 1841 m. d. of ; 1866, Marie, Charles Horny, 1894 ; Theism as a Science of Natural Theo- Austria. High Sheriff, Cheshire, 1888. Ad- logy and Natural Religion, 1895 ; Testimony dress : The Rookery, Worlesden, Nantwich. of the Four Gospels concerning Jesus Christ, 11 all [Died June 1912. 1896 ; Religion for Mankind, 1903, etc. ; Horace St. editor VOULES, George, journalist ; Lecture on Cremation, Mr. Voysey was the of Truth b. ; Windsor, 23 April 1844 ; s. of only surviving founder of the Cremation Charles Stuart of also Voules, solicitor, Windsor. Society England ; he was for 25 years : Educ. private schools ; Brighton ; East- a member of the Executive Council to the bourne. Learned printing trade at Cassell, Homes for Inebriates. Recreations : playing & 1864 started for with children all Fetter, Galpin's, ; them ; games enjoyed except the Echo the first (1868), halfpenny evening chess, which was too hard work ; billiards at and it for until with paper, managed them they home daily, or without a companion ; sold it to Albert Grant, 1875 ; edited and walking and running greatly enjoyed. -
The Edicts of the Tokugawa Shogunate: Excerpts from Laws of Military Households (Buke Shohatto), 1615
Primary Source Document with Questions (DBQs) THE EDICTS OF THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE: EXCERPTS FROM LAWS OF MILITARY HOUSEHOLDS (BUKE SHOHATTO), 1615 Introduction The unification of Japan and the creation of a lasting national polity in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries required more than just military exploits. Japan’s “three unifiers,” especially Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536- 1598) and Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616), enacted a series of social, economic, and political reforms in order to pacify a population long accustomed to war and instability and create the institutions necessary for lasting central rule. Although Hideyoshi and Ieyasu placed first priority on domestic affairs — especially on establishing authority over domain lords, warriors, and agricultural villages — they also dictated sweeping changes in Japan’s international relations. Although the Tokugawa shogunate proved a durable political system, it lacked the elaborate legal codes and sophisticated bureaucratic apparatus of the Chinese imperial state. One of the most important Tokugawa legal documents, the Laws of Military Households (Buke Shohatto), was issued in 1615, only one year before Tokugawa Ieyasu’s death, and provided basic regulations on the behavior of lords and warriors. Selected Document Excerpts with Questions From Japan: A Documentary History: The Dawn of History to the Late Tokugawa Period, edited by David J. Lu (Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1997), 206-208. © 2001 M. E. Sharpe. Reproduced with the permission of the publisher. All rights reserved. The Edicts of the Tokugawa Shogunate: Excerpts from Laws of Military Households (Buke Shohatto), 1615 1. The study of literature and the practice of the military arts, including archery and horsemanship, must be cultivated diligently. -
1916 Preparedness Day Bombing Anarchy and Terrorism in Progressive Era America
The 1916 Preparedness Day Bombing Anarchy and Terrorism in Progressive Era America Jeffrey A. Johnson 2018 Contents Preface 4 Acknowledgments 5 Timeline 6 Introduction 7 CHAPTER 1. “Perpetuated Hatred and Suspicion”: Labor and Capital at Odds 9 Edward Bellamy ....................................... 15 Marx and Engels ....................................... 18 CHAPTER 2. “The Wrath of Man”: Anarchism Comes to the United States 23 Shusui Kotuku ........................................ 28 CHAPTER 3. “Assassins, Murderers, Conspirators”: The March of Progressive Era Radicalism and Violence 34 Caldwell, Idaho, in 1905 ................................... 37 CHAPTER 4. “The Road to Universal Slaughter” and “This Dastardly Act”:The Preparedness Debate and Bombing 48 Arsenic as a Weapon ..................................... 51 CHAPTER 5. “The Fanatic Demon”: The Manhunt 62 Anarchism and Socialism .................................. 71 CHAPTER 6. “The Act of One Is the Act of All”: The Trials 73 Mysterious Suitcases ..................................... 76 The Mooney Case Abroad .................................. 85 CHAPTER 7. “Fighting Anarchists of America”: The Attacks of 1919 and 1920, and the Mooney Defense Onward 93 The Dreyfus Affair ...................................... 112 Famous Supporters ..................................... 114 Epilogue 115 Documents 119 DOCUMENT 1. The “Pittsburgh Proclamation” . 119 DOCUMENT 2. Preparedness Parades . 122 2 DOCUMENT 3. “Preparedness, the Road to Universal Slaughter,” by Emma Goldman . 123 DOCUMENT -
A New Teddy Roosevelt
return to updates A New Teddy Roosevelt by Miles Mathis First published March 10, 2021 Before we get started, I wish to thank all those who have donated or sent me stuff in the past couple of weeks. It should help in my upcoming move. A lot of people keyed on the coffee suggestion, and I now have enough coffee for the next couple of years. So no more coffee please. We will have to come up with some other ideas. This paper was born from me rereading my recent paper on McKinley for typos, where I was reminded that Roosevelt used the fake assassination by leftists as an excuse for coming in and cracking down on the entire left side of American society, not only Marxists, but unionists, progressives, and normal Democrats. And remember two things: one, Roosevelt did this from the Republican party; two, he did it while being sold as a populist and protector of the little man and the middle class. He is still sold as a Progressive Republican, which is a joke. Roosevelt was extremely wealthy and privileged, and, like all Presidents, was a tool of the bankers. Roosevelt's mother was a Stewart, and so was her mother, so he was a Stewart in the maternal line. He was also an Oswald, a Carter, and a Bulloch. And yes, this links us to Lee Harvey Osward, Jimmy Carter, and Sandra Bullock. Roosevelt and all his kin are listed in the British peerage. I have warned you they are prepping us for another big crackdown on the left, though we are still in the first stages. -
World History Terms and Definitions Unit 3 Set 3 Due December 9, 2011
World History Terms and Definitions Unit 3 Set 3 Due December 9, 2011 110 Christopher Columbus "discoverer" of Americas, looking for shortcut/western route to East Indies - controversial character - treatment of indigenous people/African slave introduction vs. Columbian Exchange and starting new wave of exploration, starts era of European dominance 111 Ferdinand Magellan 1521 - led first attempt to circumnavigate the globe 112 Colonization need for markets, resources for industrializing nations - also needed precious metals to fuel Iberian Peninsula wealth, also Europeans emigrated due to lack of land, overpopulation, chance for new beginning 113 Northern wave of France, England, Dutch explore North America set up independent colonies exploration with direct ties to Western Europe, less role of the Catholic Church, greater political independence than Latin America, developed more diverse societies than monoculture of Latin America 114 Jacques Cartier explorer popularly thought of as one of the major discoverers of Canada. 115 North American fur Indians and French worked together, massive exporters of fur, beaver skin trade caps became rage in Europe, French colonized differently, mostly male- dominated initially along Mississippi 116 Henry Hudson British explorer, Scandinavia , Canada, and North Eastern Europe, looked for Northwest passage 117 New Amsterdam 17th century fortified settlement in the New Netherland territory (1614 - 1674), fortified trading center that later becomes New York City 118 Osman I 1299 - Osman is regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Empire, and it is from him that its inhabitants, the Turks, called themselves Osmanli until the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire 119 Sultan certain Muslim rulers who claimed full sovereignty in practical terms (i.e.