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Oregon Lakes Tui Chub (Gila Bicolor Oregonensis)

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Oregon Lakes Tui Chub (Gila Bicolor Oregonensis) Oregon Lakes Tui Chub tion and abundance of this subspecies. No recent (Gila bicolor oregonensis) surveys of habitats occupied by the Oregon Lakes tui chub are known. Thus, any additional, recent The Oregon Lakes tui chub, as defined here, is factors influencing its status are unknown. The endemic to the Abert Lake Basin of south-central introduction of non-native fishes also threatens the Oregon (Bills 1977). Remaining populations are continued existence of this subspecies. The type classified by the State of Oregon as vulnerable. locality population, at XL Spring, is particularly The American Fisheries Society lists the Oregon vulnerable to loss because of its restricted habitat. Lakes tui chub as a species of special concern (Williams and others 1989), although they use the Summer Basin Tui Chub common name XL Spring tui chub for this form. (Gila bicolor spp.) Distribution and Status The Summer Basin tui chub is endemic to springs and outflows in the Summer Basin of south- The Oregon Lakes tui chub complex, as originally central Oregon. The form was considered of described by Snyder (1908), consisted of tui chub uncertain taxonomic status and possibly extinct by populations in five isolated basins of south-central Bills (1977) during a thorough review of the Oregon: Silver, Summer, Abert, Alkali, and Oregon tui chub complex in southern Oregon. Warner. The pioneering work of Bills (1977) Summer Basin tui chubs were rediscovered in demonstrated that morphological divergence had 1985. This subspecies is listed as a Cl Candidate occurred among these long-isolated populations by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and as en- and he recognized that the complex of tui chubs dangered by the American Fisheries Society actually consists of four subspecies. Only popula- (Williams and others 1989). tions in the Abert Lake Basin are retained in Gila bicolor oregonensis. They occur in XL Spring to the Distribution and Status north of Abert Lake and in the Chewaucan River (map 4.53). Abert Lake is, in general, fishless but Historically, the Summer Basin tui chub occurred records of chubs exist, presumably in areas of at various localities within Summer Basin, includ- spring or river inflow (Snyder 1908). No changes ing springs at the Summer Lake Post Office, Ana between historic and current distributions are River, and source springs of the Ana River (map known although the Abert Lake Basin has not 4.54) (Snyder 1908). Collections in these localities been adequately sampled. during the 1960s and 1970s indicated divergence from the form that was native to the Summer Habitat Relationships Basin, a result of numerous applications of fish toxicants and transplants of chubs from adjacent In general, tui chubs occupy a wide variety of basins (Bills 1977). The native form was consid- habitats (Moyle 1976). In the Abert Lake Basin, ered extinct until rediscovered from a small, previ- the Oregon Lakes tui chub inhabits springs, rivers, ously unsampled spring system on the west side of and ditches. The Oregon Lakes tui chub is absent the Summer Lake bed in 1985.9 The subspecies from higher gradient portions of the Chewaucan now occupies a small portion of its historic range. River system. Habitat Relationships Key Factors Influencing Status Habitat relationships are poorly known because Agricultural practices, including ditching and habitats in the Summer Basin have been greatly diverting stream flows as well as livestock grazing, modified and the fish were eliminated from much are the principal factors influencing the distribu- 'Personal communication. 1995. C.E. Bond and J.E. Williams, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. Personal communication of unpublished data. Aquatics Map 4.53--Historical and current distribution of Oregon Lakes tui chub. 1304 A q u at ic s Map 4.54--Historical and current distribution of Summer Basin tui chub. Aquatics of its range prior to surveys. Historically, the Refuge, Washoe County in Nevada, and Piute and Summer Basin tui chub appears to have occurred Guano creeks, Lake County in Oregon (Hubbs in a variety of spring and creek systems in the and Miller 1948, Williams and Bond 1981). basin. Sheldon tui chubs apparently are extremely rare in Guano Creek and have only been collected there Key Factors Influencing Status twice.10 Fishes in Ana Springs, its outflow and associated Habitat Relationships reservoir have been repeatedly poisoned to rid the area of nongame fish in favor of game species. The Sheldon tui chub occurs in those portions of Such efforts along with subsequent transplants of Fish and Piute creeks described as small, turbid tui chubs from adjacent basins apparently elimi- desert streams with abundant aquatic and riparian nated the native tui chub from the Ana River vegetation. During drought years, the chubs may system. Additional transplants of non-native fishes be restricted to isolated pools in intermittent appear to have eliminated the native form from stream sections. The Sheldon tui chub typically is springs and ditches in the Post Office area. The absent from downstream reaches, which often dry remaining population occurs in small, isolated during summer months. When water is abundant, springs in the southern portion of Summer Basin. chubs also may occur in terminal lakes and reser- During brief surveys in 1985, habitats of the voirs of these streams as suggested by the discovery remaining population were threatened by livestock of skeletal remains of Sheldon tui chub in Swan grazing and water diversions. It is uncertain Lake Reservoir, which is the terminal water body whether the subspecies continues to persist in its on Fish Creek (Williams and Bond 1981). restricted habitat. Primary threats include habitat degradation by livestock, water diversions, and Key Factors Influencing Status introductions of non-native species. Drought, fire, and other disturbances also could threaten this All streams where the Sheldon tui chub occur subspecies. could be described as "marginal" in reference to their small and often intermittent nature. Grazing Sheldon Tui Chub by livestock apparently has limited the amount of available habitat by reducing riparian vegetation (Gila bicolor eurysomd) and limiting soil water retention, which leads to The Sheldon tui chub was described from speci- drying of additional stream segments during mens collected from Fish Creek, Washoe County, summer and autumn (Williams and Bond 1981). Nevada (Williams and Bond 1981). This subspe- Reductions in stream flow due to overgrazing and cies, which occurs sporadically in the mostly arid water diversion appear to be the primary threat to Guano Basin of southeastern Oregon and north- this subspecies. Because of the species restricted western Nevada, is listed as a species of special range and small habitat size, such factors will concern by the American Fisheries Society exacerbate risks associated with environmental (Williams and others 1989). stochasticity, such as drought. Although intro- duced fish have not been documented from water Distribution and Status inhabited by the Sheldon tui chub, any introduc- tions could be detrimental to this subspecies. The Sheldon tui chub is restricted to isolated waters of the Guano Basin of southeastern Oregon '"Personal communication. 1995. J. Williams, Bureau of Land and northwestern Nevada (map 4.55). Within Management, Boise, Idaho. Personal communication of Guano Basin, the subspecies has been reported unpublished data. from Fish Creek on the Sheldon National Wildlife Aquatics Hutton Tui Chub (Gilo, bicolor spp.) the Bonneville Basin into the Snake Basin. Its current distribution in Idaho may, in part, also be due to its The Hutton tui chub, collected as early as 1908, release as a bait fish. The leatherside chub is presendy has been found in only two surface flow areas of listed by the BLM as a sensitive species, and by die Hutton Spring, Oregon. The Hutton tui chub was Idaho Department of Fish and Game as a species of listed as threatened in 1985 by the U.S. Fish and special concern, Category C undetermined status. Wildlife Service. It is also considered threatened by the American Fisheries Society (Williams and Distribution and Status others 1989). In 1934, Carl Hubbs made die first reported collec- Distribution and Status tion of leatherside chub in Idaho.11 The leatherside chub was collected in the 1970s in die Raft River Hutton tui chubs still inhabit their historical and Goose Creek tributaries of the Snake River and locations (map 4.56). The subspecies is restricted the Litde Wood River, all in Idaho (map 4.57).12 In to Hutton Spring and a small nearby spring in the 1995, leadierside chubs were collected from Trapper, Alkali Lake Basin of south-central Oregon (Bills Goose, and Beaver Dam creeks, all part of the Goose 1977). In 1977, population estimates were 300 at Creek drainage near the Nevada-Utah border.13 Hutton Spring and 150 at the unnamed spring. Otherwise, because of a lack of surveys, their current status is unknown. Habitat Relationships The Hutton tui chub lives its entire life in spring Habitat Relationships habitats. Little is known about their habitat re- Little is known about the habitat requirements of quirements, with the exception that dense aquatic leatherside chub. They typically occur in cool to vegetation is needed for spawning and rearing of cold creeks and rivers, with adults residing in pools young. and riffles and young inhabiting brushy, quiet pockets near the shoreline. Water quality ranges Key Factors Influencing Status from clear to occasionally turbid. Leatherside chub The habitat of the Hutton tui chub, along with that are typically found associated with gravel substrate, of the Foskett speckled dace, are die most restricted but they also use all substrate sizes. of any fish in the assessment area. Because of their limited distribution and small population size, Key Factors Influencing Status Hutton tui chubs are at risk A hazardous waste The most significant threat to the leatherside chub dump at Alkali Lake threatens to contaminate sur- is loss of habitat caused by development of irriga- face floodwater, groundwater, and air at Hutton tion projects in the 1930s.
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