DOCSLIB.ORG

Sedimentation in the Chile Trench

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sedimentation in the Chile Trench AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Todd Mark Thornburg for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography presented on December ii, i984 Title: SEDIMENTATION IN THE CHILE TRENCH ABSTRACT APPROVED: Redacted for privacy LAVERNE D. KULM The depositional bodies of the Chile Trench--sheet flow basins, trench fans, axial channels, axial sediment lobes, and ponded basins--combine to form a coherent axial dispersal system along the base of the Andean margin. Several trench fans are severely eroded on the down-gradient lobes, implying that hundreds of meters of fan strata have been flushed into the axial channel and removed to distal environments. The sedimentary fades of the Chile Trench are modeled based on the texture and composition of coarse-grained deposits in 27 cores. The lithofacies (Channel, Levee, Basin-i Basin-2, and Contourite) are used to interpret depositional pro- cesses and to model trench st.ratigraphy. The petrofacles (Basic Magmatic Arc, Acid Magmatic Arc, Metamorphosed Magmatic Arc, and Cratonic Block) yield information on provenance types in the Andean source region and on sediment transport processes across the conti- nental margin and within the trench. The Channel fades reflects high-energy processes within the coarse-grained bedload of' turbidity currents and occurs in fan dis- tributary or trench axial channels. The Levee fades represents deposition beneath a rapidly decelerating current; it is deposited on the channel flanks during spillover. The Basin-i facies is characteristic of ponded deposition and occurs where the trench fill is diminished and the seaward trench wall has significant relief. The Basin-2 facies occurs in a variety of low-energy environments. The Contourite fades is best developed in the starved trench envi- ronment where abyssal currents are accelerated between the trench walls. The Basic Magmatic Arc petrofacies represents the most chemi- cally immature, least differentiated assemblage and is associated strictly with Quaternary arc volcanism of basaltic andesite compo- sition in South Chile. The Acid Magmatic Arc petrofacies represents a more differentiated continental arc assemblage, associated with acid andesite extrusions and granadiorite intrusions of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Andean orogeny. The Metamorphosed Magmatic Arc petro- racies represents a greenschist metamorphic assemblage whose provenance lies in the basal marine section of the Andean eugeosyn- dine and in the Paleozoic basement. The Cratorlic Block petrofacies represents mature sedimentation, late-stage granitic intrusion, and amhpibolite fades metamorphism that are associated with the ancient continental crust of northern Chile. SEDIMENTATION IN THE CHILE TRENCH by Todd Nark Thornburg A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Completed December 11, 198' Commencement June 1985 APPROVED Redacted for privacy r o Oceanography in charge of' major Redacted for privacy Dean of College of Oc Redacted for privacy Dean Date Thesis is presented December 11, 1984 Typed by T.M. Thornburg. ACKN OWLEDGEMENTS A special thanks goes to Vern Kuim, who during my six years at O.S.U. made known to me the depth and breadth of oceanography, from operations at sea with state-of-the-art equipment to the political and economic aspects--the successes and heartbreaks. Vern put within reach undreamed of opportunities that include my active participation on committees that help to determine the course of future oceanographic research, and a chance to observe first-hand the spectacular beauty of the sea floor at 2500 meters. Vern has been generous, willing, and helpful when prompted, yet patient with my academic wanderings when I needed to find the box canyons by myself. Thanks also to my committee members: Drs. Paul Komar, Dick Couch, Harold Enlows, and Rubin Landau for their comments and suggestions on the thesis. Technical assistance was provided by Mary Jo Armbrust, Dave Reinert, and Sally Kuim, whose care, efficiency, and skill in word processing and editing, photographic reproduction, and cartography and layout made my deadlines realizable. Mark 1-fower, Carolyn Peterson, and Andy Ungerer helped with sample processing in the laboratory, mineral separations, X-ray diffraction, and with mechanical-electrical monsters whose final digital read-out is about all I understand. Gracias a mis colegas Chilenos-Esteban Morales for helping with cruise logistics, Eduardo Valenzuela for providing river samples and hospitality while in Santiago, and Chileans everywhere for their warmth and friendliness in a strange and wonderful country. I am grateful to my family--George, Vera, Bob, and my lovely Dallas ladies--for extending open arms and kind thoughts across these thousands of miles, and keeping the home fires burning. Gina gave me cookies, pasta, and understanding when I couldn't tell my brain from a bucket of overcooked cauliflower.Caleb made me feel calm, by comparison, during my most frenetic crises. Dave shared Sunday morning funnies and late nights with T.M. Finally, a toast to all my buddies, near and far, who kept me hiking, skiing, boating, dancing, drumming, gambling, generally enjoying life and, especially, smiling. This research was sponsored by National Science Foundation Grant No. OCE-7919361. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1. SEDIMENTATION IN THE CHILE TRENCH: LITHOFACIES AND STRATIGRAPHY ABSTRACT 5 INTRODUCTION 8 BASEMENT STRUCTURE 114 Nazea Plate 1)4 Outer Trench Wall 15 Trench Segmentation 16 SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS 1 7 Oceanic Plate Environment 19 Trench Axis Environment 22 TRENCH DEPOSIT LONAL BODIES 2 South Chile: Sheet Flow Basins 214 South Chile: Axial Channel 27 South Chile; Trench Fans 28 San Antonio Discontinuity: Axial Sediment Lobe 36 Central and North Chile: Ponded Basins 41 TRENCH LITHOFACIES 143 Channel Facies 145 Levee Fades 51 Basin Fades 53 Contourjte Facies 55 DISTRIBUTION OF TRENCH LITI-IOFACIES 57 South Chile 57 Central Chile 62 North Chile 64 DISCUSSION 66 Depositional Processes 66 Trench Stratigraphy 73 Preservation vs. Destruction of Trench Sediment3 81 Trenches, Fans, and the Ancient Rock Record 85 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER II. SEDIMENTATION IN THE CHILE TRENCH: PETROFAC]IES AND PROVENANCE 91 ABSTRACT 92 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND 97 GEOLOGIC HISTORY 1O The Hercynian Cycle 105 The Andean Cycle 107 Quaternary Volcanism 110 METHODS 111 RESULTS 113 Light Minerals 113 Heavy Minerals 120 Factor Analysis of Light and Heavy Minerals 128 DISCUSSION 135 Petrofacies Distribution in the Chile Trench 137 Sediment Transport in the Chile Trench 1I9 Modification of Petrofacies Composition-- Provenance to Deposit 151 Diagenesis of Trench Sediments 154 CONCLUSIONS 157 CONCLUSIONS 162 BIBLIOGRAPHY 167 APPENDIX 180 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page CHAPTERI I.'l. Physiography of the Nazca Plate and Andean continental margifl 10 1-2. Axial cross-section of the Chile Trench 11 1-3. ap view of the Chile Trench sediment fill 12 1-14. Trench sedimentary environments 18 1-5. Abyssal plain turbidites 21 1-6. Sheet flow turbidites near 2°S 25 1-1. Bathymet.ry of the Bio Blo and Callecalle fans 29 1-8. Bia Bio fan: transverse seismic reflection profiles across the depositional and erosional fan lobes 32 I-9. Callecalle fan: line interpretations of seismic reflection profiles across the depositional and erosional fan lobes 33 1-10. Axial profiles across Chile Trench fans 3 I-li. San Antonio discontinuity: bathyinetry and seismic reflection of the axial sediment lobe 38 1-12. San Antonio discontinuity: 3-D block diagram 1-13. Ponded basin: line interpretation of a seismic reflection profile across Central Chile 1-14. Ideal lithostratigraphic units 1-15. Chile Trench lithofacies: factor analysis of trench cores described by lithostratigraphic units 146 1-16. Geographic distribution of Chile Trench lithofacies: factor loadings projected onto core locations 58 1-17. Idealized stratigraphic cross-sections through the canyon-mouth and inter-canyon environments 67 1-18. Idealized stratigraphic cross-sections of trench fans in the canyon-mouth environment 78 Figure Page 1-19. Accretion and preservation of trench deposits: stratigraphic control on the positioning of the decollement zone 83 CHAPTERII 11-1. Physiography of the Nazca Plate and Andean continental margin 95 11-2. Map view of the Chile Trench sediment fill 98 II-3. Axial cross-section of the Chile Trench 100 II-. Sheet flow turbidites near 42°S 102 11-5. QFL composition of modern sands from the Andean continental margin 1111 11-6. QFL and QmPk composition of Chile Trench sands: petrologic variations along the strike of the margin 116 11-7. X-ray diffraetograms of Chile Trench heavy mineral separates 121 11-8. Peak height and petrographic count ratios of heavy minerals 127 11-9. Chile Trench petrofacies: factor analysis of petrologic data 130 11-10. Geographic distribution of Chile Trench petro- faoies factor loadings projected onto core locations 138 LIST OF TABLES Table Page CHAPTER I I-i. Chile Trench lithofacies 149 CHAPTER II 11-1. Factor analysis composition model: Estimates of absolute abundances of petrologic components 132 SEDIMENTATIONIN THECHILETRENCH INTRODUCTION The plate tectonics theory of a mobile earth lithosphere revolutionized the perspective of marine geological research. This study details modern sedimentation within the Chile Trench, a con- vergent plate boundary where the Nazca oceanic plate is being subducted and consumed beneath the western margin of the South American continental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Neotectonics Along the Eastern Flank of the North Patagonian Icefield, Southern Chile: Cachet and Exploradores Fault Zones
    XII Congreso Geológico Chileno Santiago, 22-26 Noviembre, 2009 S9_053 Neotectonics along the eastern flank of the North Patagonian Icefield, southern Chile: Cachet and Exploradores fault zones Melnick, D.1, Georgieva, V.1, Lagabrielle, Y.2, Jara, J.3, Scalabrino, B.2, Leidich, J.4 (1) Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. (2) UMR 5243 Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier 2, France. (3) Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Concepción, Chile. (4) Patagonia Adventure Expeditions, Casilla 8, Cochrane, Chile. [email protected] Introduction In the southern Andes, the North Patagonian Icefield (NPI) is a poorly-known region in terms of geology and neotectonics that marks a major topographic anomaly at the transition between the Austral and Patagonian Andes. The NPI is located immediately east of the Nazca-Antarctic-South America Triple Plate Junction, where the Chile Rise collides against the margin (Fig. 1A). Since 14 Ma, this Triple Junction has migrated northward as a result of oblique plate convergence, resulting in collision and subduction of two relatively short ridge segments in the Golfo de Penas region at 6 and 3 Ma, and at present of one segment immediately north of the Taitao Peninsula [1]. Oblique plate convergence in addition to collision of these ridge segments resulted in the formation of a forearc sliver, the Chiloe block, which is decoupled from the South American foreland by the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone. Here we present geomorphic and structural field evidence that indicates neotectonic activity in the internal part of the orogen, along the flanks of the NPI (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Clarkia Tenella Is Tetraploid, Having N 34 (Hiorth, 1941; Raven and Lewis, 1959) and 2Fl32 (Moore and Lewis, I965b)
    VARIATION AND EVOLUTION IN SOUTH AMERICAN CLARKIA D. M. MOORE and HARLAN LEWiS Botany Department, University of Leicester and Botany Department, University of California, Los Angeles Received5.V.65 1.INTRODUCTION THEgenus Clarkia (Onagracee), currently considered to contain 36 species, is restricted to the western parts of North and South America (fig. i). The 35 North American species are distributed from Baja California to British Columbia (300N.to 48° N.), most of them occurring in California. The South American populations, which have a smaller though still considerable latitudinal spread (290 30' S. to 42030'S.), comprise a single variable species, Clarkia tenella (Cay.) H. and M. Lewis (Lewis and Lewis, within which four sub.. species have been recognised (Moore and Lewis, i 965b). Clarkia tenella is tetraploid, having n 34 (Hiorth, 1941; Raven and Lewis, 1959) and 2fl32 (Moore and Lewis, i965b). It is placed in section Godetia, together with seven North American species, and shows its closest affinities with the only tetraploid among these, C. davyi (Jeps.) H. and M. Lewis. A study of artificial hybrids between C. tenella and C. davji, together with pakeo-ecological evidence, led Raven and Lewis (i) to hypothesise that the two species were derived from a common tetraploid ancestor which had traversed the tropics by long-distance dispersal during or since the Late-Tertiary and given rise to the populations now comprising C. tenella. Detailed study of the variation within Clarkia tenella was made possible by a field trip to Chile and Argentina during 1960-61 and by subsequent experimental work at Leicester and Los Angeles.
    [Show full text]
  • 4 Three-Dimensional Density Model of the Nazca Plate and the Andean Continental Margin
    76 4 Three-dimensional density model of the Nazca plate and the Andean continental margin Authors: Andrés Tassara, Hans-Jürgen Götze, Sabine Schmidt and Ron Hackney Paper under review (September 27th, 2005) by the Journal of Geophysical Research Abstract We forward modelled the Bouguer anomaly in a region encompassing the Pacific ocean (east of 85°W) and the Andean margin (west of 60°W) between northern Peru (5°S) and Patagonia (45°S). The three-dimensional density structure used to accurately reproduce the gravity field is simple. The oceanic Nazca plate is formed by one crustal body and one mantle lithosphere body overlying a sub-lithospheric mantle, but fracture zones divide the plate into seven along-strike segments. The subducted slab was modelled to a depth of 410 km, has the same structure as the oceanic plate, but it is subdivided into four segments with depth. The continental margin consists of one upper-crustal and one lower-crustal body without lateral subdivision, whereas the mantle has two bodies for the lithosphere and two bodies for the asthenosphere that are separated across-strike by the downward prolongation of the eastern limit of active volcanism. We predefined the density for each body after studying its dependency on composition of crustal and mantle materials and pressure-temperature conditions appropriate for the Andean setting. A database containing independent geophysical information constrains the geometry of the subducted slab, locally the Moho of the oceanic and continental crusts, and indirectly the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) underneath the continental plate. Other geometries, especially that of the intracrustal density discontinuity (ICD) in the continental margin, were not constrained and are the result of fitting the observed and calculated Bouguer anomaly during the forward modelling.
    [Show full text]
  • NI 43-101 Technical Report
    Independent Technical Report on the Carrizal Cu‐Co‐Au Property Carrizal Alto Mining District, III Region de Atacama, Chile Centred: 308750 mE and 6895000 mN (PSAD56 /UTM Zone 19 Southern Hemisphere) Prepared for: Red Metal Resources Ltd. Suite 102, 278 Bay Street Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 1R8 Prepared by: Caracle Creek International Consulting Inc. Scott Jobin‐Bevans, Ph.D., PMP, P.Geo. Principal Geoscientist 2018‐1545 Maley Drive Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3A 4R7 Effective Date: June 30, 2019 Report Date: November 28, 2020 1 Red Metal Resources Ltd: Carrizal Cu‐Co‐Au Property, Chile NI 43‐101 Technical Report DATE AND SIGNATURE PAGE The Report, “Independent Technical Report on the Carrizal Cu‐Co‐Au Property, Chile”, with an Effective Date of June 30, 2019, was authored by the following: “signed and sealed original on file” _______________________________________ Scott Jobin‐Bevans, P.Geo., Ph.D., PMP Caracle Creek International Consulting Inc. Dated: November 28, 2020 November 28, 2020 2 Red Metal Resources Ltd: Carrizal Cu‐Co‐Au Property, Chile NI 43‐101 Technical Report Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison Based on 3D Regional Traveltime Tomography
    1 Flat vs. Normal Subduction Zones: A Comparison Based on 3D 2 Regional Traveltime Tomography & Petrological Modeling of 3 Central Chile & Western Argentina (29°-35°S) 4 5 M. Marot(1), T. Monfret(1), M. Gerbault(1), G. Nolet(1), G. Ranalli(2), M. Pardo(3) 6 (1) Géoazur, UNSA, IRD, CNRS, OCA, (UMR 7329), 250 Albert Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France 7 (2) Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B, Canada 8 (3) Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile 9 10 Abstract 11 Beneath central Chile and western Argentina, the subducting oceanic Nazca lithosphere 12 drastically changes geometry from dipping at an angle of 27-35° to horizontal, along the inferred 13 subduction path of the Juan Fernandez seamount Ridge (JFR). The aim of our study is to assess the 14 differences in the seismic properties of the overriding lithosphere in these two regions, in order to 15 better understand its deep structure and the links between its surface deformations and the geometry of 16 the slab. In comparison with previous studies, we show the most complete 3D regional seismic 17 tomography images for this region, whereby we use (1) a larger seismic dataset compiled from several 18 short-term seismic catalogs, (2) a denser seismic array enabling us to better resolve the subduction 19 zone from the trench to the backarc and into the upper ~ 30 km of the slab, and (3) a starting 1D 20 background velocity model specifically calculated for this region and refined over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Chile by Martin Nicholas and Ivan.Pdf
    FLAG • The Chilean flag is also known in Spanish as La Estrella Solitaria (The Lone Star). • It was adopted on 18 October 1817. • The flag of Chile consists of two equal horizontal bands of white and red, with a blue square the same height as the white band in the canton, which bears a white five-pointed star in the centre. CAPITAL • The capital of Chile is called ‘Santiago’. • Santiago is the biggest city in Chile. • It sits in a valley surrounded by the snow- capped Andes and the Chilean Coast Range. • Plaza de Armas, the grand heart of the city’s old colonial core, is home to 2 neoclassical landmarks: the 1808 Palacio de la Real Audiencia, housing the National History Museum, and the 18th-century Metropolitan Cathedral. POPULATION • The population of Chile is 18,183,803. • The population rate growth for Chile was decreasing in 1990. • By 2050 the population is expected to reach approximately 20.2 million people. • About 85% of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40% living in Greater Santiago. FOOD • Pastel de Choclo: corn casserole with meat stuffing. • Empanadas: pastry filled with meat, cheese or mussels. • Cazuela: homemade stew with beef, chicken, corn, rice and potatoes. • Asado: barbeque of beef, pork or chicken. FESTIVALS • Viña del Mar International Song Festival: This festival the largest and best known music festival in Latin America. • Lollalpalooza Chile: this festival is the Chile based version of the popular music festival Lollapalooza. • Ultra Chile: this is an outdoor electronic music festival that is a part of Ultra Music Festival’s worldwide expansion, which has now spread to 20 different countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Efectos De Las Alteraciones Antr Picas Sobre La Estructura Y Composici N De
    AbrilEcología de 2008 Austral 18:13-25. ALTERACIONES Abril 2008 ANTRÓPICAS EN RODALES DE PILGERODENDRON UVIFERUM 13 Asociación Argentina de Ecología Efectos de las alteraciones antrópicas sobre la estructura y composición de rodales de Pilgerodendron uviferum en la Cordillera de la Costa de Chile * DANIEL P SOTO 1, & HERIBERTO FIGUEROA 2 1. Instituto de Silvicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. 2. Instituto de Estadística, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. RESUMEN. Se estudió la inuencia de las alteraciones antrópicas sobre la estructura y composición de cuatro comunidades de Pilgerodendron uviferum del área norte de su distribución por la Cordillera de la Costa de Chile. Se establecieron tres parcelas de 400 m2 por comunidad donde se caracterizó la estructura y se cuanticó la regeneración y cobertura de la vegetación. Con los datos obtenidos se calcularon Valores de Importancia por rodal, separados por estratos (arbóreo y sotobosque) y se incorporaron a un Análisis de Correspondencia para su ordenamiento. Posteriormente, los datos ordenados se sometieron a un Análisis de Discriminante para clasicar la vegetación de acuerdo al grado de alteración de los sitios. Los resultados mostraron que la regeneración de P. uviferum se asoció a los rodales más alterados (con pérdida de estructura o abiertos). Los rodales sin alteración mostraron escasa regeneración y compartieron el espacio con especies menos tolerantes al anegamiento. Estos resultados sugieren que en estos rodales, la regeneración de P. uviferum necesitaría sitios abiertos y suelos húmedos para persistir en el ecosistema. [Palabras clave: comunidades vegetales, ordenamiento, anegamiento, clasicación de vegetación] ABSTRACT. Effect of anthropogenic disturbances on the structure and composition of Pilgerodendron uviferum stands of the Chilean Coastal Range: The inuence of anthropogenic disturbances on the structure and composition of four communities of Pilgerodendron uviferum in the northernmost portion of the Chilean Coastal range was studied.
    [Show full text]
  • The South Chilean Subduction Zone Between 41 and 43.5 S
    Institut fur Geowissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Universität Potsdam The South Chilean Subduction Zone between 41◦ and 43.5◦S: Seismicity, Structure and State of Stress Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) in der Wissenschaftsdisziplin Geophysik eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Potsdam von Dietrich Lange Potsdam, Mai 2008 Online published at the Institutional Repository of the Potsdam University: http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1894/ urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18948 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18948] Abstract While the northern and central part of the South American subduction zone has been in- tensively studied, the southern part has attracted less attention, which maybe due to itsdif- ficult accessibility and lower seismic activity. However, the southern part exhibits strong seismic and tsunamogenic potential with the prominent example of the Mw=9.5 May 22, 1960 Valdivia earthquake. In this study data from an amphibious seismic array (Project TIPTEQ) is presented. The network reached from the trench to the active magmatic arc incorporating the Island of Chiloé and the north-south trending Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone (LOFZ). 364 local events were observed in an 11-month period from November 2004 until October 2005. The observed seismicity allows to constrain for the first time the current state of stress of the subducting plate and magmatic arc, as well as the local seismic velocity structure. The downgoing Benioff zone is readily identifiable as an eastward dipping plane with an inclination of 30◦. Main seismic activity occurred predominantly in a belt parallel to the ∼ coast of Chiloé Island in a depth range of 12–30 km, which is presumably related to the plate interface.
    [Show full text]
  • Obitel Bilingue Inglês 2019 Final Ok.Indd
    IBERO-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY OF TELEVISION FICTION OBITEL 2019 TELEVISION DISTRIBUTION MODELS BY THE INTERNET: ACTORS, TECHNOLOGIES, STRATEGIES IBERO-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY OF TELEVISION FICTION OBITEL 2019 TELEVISION DISTRIBUTION MODELS BY THE INTERNET: ACTORS, TECHNOLOGIES, STRATEGIES Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes Guillermo Orozco Gómez General Coordinators Charo Lacalle Sara Narvaiza Editors Gustavo Aprea, Fernando Aranguren, Catarina Burnay, Borys Bustamante, Giuliana Cassano, James Dettleff, Francisco Fernández, Gabriela Gómez, Pablo Julio, Mónica Kirchheimer, Charo Lacalle, Ligia Prezia Lemos, Pedro Lopes, Guillermo Orozco Gómez, Juan Piñón, Rosario Sánchez, Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes National Coordinators © Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A., 2019 Capa: Letícia Lampert Projeto gráfico e editoração: Niura Fernanda Souza Produção editorial: Felícia Xavier Volkweis Revisão do português: Felícia Xavier Volkweis Revisão do espanhol: Naila Freitas Revisão gráfica: Niura Fernanda Souza Editores: Luis Antônio Paim Gomes, Juan Manuel Guadelis Crisafulli Foto de capa: Louie Psihoyos – High-definition televisions in the information era Bibliotecária responsável: Denise Mari de Andrade Souza – CRB 10/960 T269 Television distribution models by the internet: actors, technologies, strate- gies / general coordinators: Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes and Guillermo Orozco Gómez. -- Porto Alegre: Sulina, 2019. 377 p.; 14x21 cm. ISBN: 978-85-205-0849-7 1. Television – internet. 2. Communication and technology – Ibero- -American television. 3. Television shows – Distribution – Internet. 4. Ibero- -American television. 5. Social media. 6. Social communication I. Lopes, Maria Immacolata Vassallo de. III. Gómez, Guillermo Orozco. CDU: 654.19 659.3 CDD: 301.161 791.445 Direitos desta edição adquiridos por Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A. Edição digital disponível em obitel.net. Editora Meridional Ltda.
    [Show full text]
  • Simposio Nacional De La Ciencia Del Suelo
    ISSN 0716-6192 BOLETIN Nº 27 6 201 - SIMPOSIO NACIONAL DE LA CIENCIA DEL SUELO SIMPOSIO NACIONAL DE LA CIENCIA DEL SUELO ORGANIZAN SOCIEDAD CHILENA DE LA CIENCIA DEL SUELO CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN SUELOS VOLCÁNICOS (CISVo) UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE VALDIVIA, 28 al 30 SEPTIEMBRE, 2016 ISSN BOLETIN Nº 27 SIMPOSIO NACIONAL DE LA CIENCIA DEL SUELO ORGANIZAN SOCIEDAD CHILENA DE LA CIENCIA DEL SUELO CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN SUELOS VOLCÁNICOS (CISVo) UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE VALDIVIA- 28 al 30 DE SEPTIEMBRE - 2016 Boletín Nº 27 de la Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo SIMPOSIO NACIONAL DE LA CIENCIA DEL SUELO 1er Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Ciencias del Suelo - EJICS Editor José Dörner Profesor Titular Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia, Chile, 28 – 30 septiembre 2016 El contenido de los trabajos presentados en este Boletín es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los respectivos autores y coautores. Valdivia, Chile, 2016 2 Boletín Nº 27 de la Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo DIRECTORIO SOCIEDAD CHILENA DE LA CIENCIA DEL SUELO Presidente: Pablo Cornejo R. Vice-Presidente: José Dörner F. Secretario: Óscar Seguel S. Tesorero: Paula Cartes I. Directora: Marta Alfaro 3 Boletín Nº 27 de la Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo COMITÉ ORGANIZADOR UACh Dr. José Dörner Dr. Dante Pinochet Dra. Susana Valle Dra. Alejandra Zúñiga Dr. Oscar Thiers Dra. Dorota Dec Dr. Víctor Gerding Dr. Oscar Martínez COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO Prof. Dr. Rainer Horn Dr. Francisco Matus Prof. Dr. Winfried Blum Dr. Pablo Cornejo Dr. José Dörner Dr. Oscar Seguel Dra. Susana Valle Prof. Manuel Casanova Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Framework of the Mineral Deposits of the Collahuasi District
    413 Collahuasi Mineral District / References REFERENCES CITED Aceñolaza, F. G., and Toselli, A. J., 1976, Consideraciones estratigráficas y tectónicas sobre el Paleozoico inferior del noroeste Argentino: 2º Congreso Latinoamericano de la Geología, p. 755-764. Aeolus-Lee, C.-T., Brandon, A. D. and Norman, M. D., 2003, Vanadium in peridotites as a proxy for paleo-fO2 during partial melting: prospects, limitations, and implications. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67, 3045–3064. Aeolus-Lee, C.-T., Leeman, W. P., Canil, D., and Xheng-Xue, A. L., 2005, Similar V/Sc Systematics in MORB and Arc Basalts: Implications for the Oxygen Fugacities of their Mantle Source Regions: Journal of Petrology, v. 46, p. 2313-2336. Allen, S. R., and McPhie, J., 2003, Phenocryst fragments in rhyolitic lavas and lava domes: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 126, p. 263-283. Allmendinger, R. W., Jordan, T. E., Kay, S. M., and Isacks, B. L., 1997, The evolution of the Altiplano-Puna Plateau of the Central Andes: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 25, p. 139-174 Allmendinger, R. W., Gonzalez, G., Yu, J., and Isacks, B. L., 2003, The East-West fault scarps of northern Chile: tectonic significance and climatic clues: Actas - 10º Congreso Geológico Chileno, Concepción, 2003. Alonso-Perez, R., Müntener, O., and Ulmer, P., 2009, Igneous garnet and amphibole fractionation in the roots of island arcs: experimental constraints on andesitic liquids: Contributions to Mineralpgy and Petrology, v. 157, p. 541–558. Alpers, C. N., and Brimhall, G. H., 1988, Middle Miocene climatic change in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile; evidence from supergene mineralization at La Escondida; with Suppl.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Society of America Bulletin
    Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on 20 November 2009 Geological Society of America Bulletin Coastal deformation and great subduction earthquakes, Isla Santa María, Chile (37°S) Daniel Melnick, Bodo Bookhagen, Helmut P. Echtler and Manfred R. Strecker Geological Society of America Bulletin 2006;118;1463-1480 doi: 10.1130/B25865.1 Email alerting services click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article Subscribe click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ to subscribe to Geological Society of America Bulletin Permission request click http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa to contact GSA Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions
    [Show full text]