F.No. J-11011/75/2017-IA.II(I) dated 25th April 2017 & F.No. J-11011/64/2017-IA.II(I) dated 31st May 2017
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
For
ESTABLISHMENT OF EARLY PRODUCTION SYSTEM AT BTSAD, BHIMAVARAM, WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
Project Proponents:
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Godavari Bhavan, Rajahmundry - 533108 East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh.
Environmental Consultants:
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Limited (A Bureau Veritas Group Company) Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad- 500 034
JUNE 2018
IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR/EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh
M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation
Document Reference : : IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Revision: Draft, Rev01, dated 19/06/2018
Copyright Bureau Veritas India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Declaration
I) DECLARATION BY EXPERTS
Declaration by Experts Contributing to the EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation
I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.
EIA Coordinator: Name : E Shyam Sundar Signature : Period of Involvement : January 2018 - Till Date Contact Information : Plot No. 7-2-C14, Industrial Estate, Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad-500018, Telangana, India
Functional Area Experts: S. Functional Name of the Signature & Involvement No. Areas Expert/s Date 1 AP (Air Pollution K Sandhya, AAQ monitoring plan, impact Monitoring, M Sandeep prediction & management Prevention & (FAE - B) plan studies (January 2018 - Control) Till Date) 2 WP (Water E Shyam Water Pollution Monitoring, Pollution Sundar Prevention & Control studies Monitoring, (January 2018 - Till Date) Prevention & Control) 3 SHW (Solid E Shyam Solid Waste Management Waste and Sundar studies Hazardous Waste M Sandeep (January 2018 - Till Date) Management) (FAE - B) 4 SE (Socio- Mamta Singh Socioeconomic study Economics) Bodhale (January 2018 - Till Date) 5 EB (Ecology and Dr. Manoj Ecology & Biodiversity Biodiversity) Kumar studies Pardesi (January 2018 - Till Date) 6 HG (Hydrology, Rajendra Hydrology studies Ground Water & Prasad (January 2018 - Till Date) Water P Suresh, Conservation) (Cat-B) 7 GEO (Geology) Rajendra Geology studies Prasad (January 2018 - Till Date) (P Suresh, Cat-B) 8 SC (Soil B S Lole Soil quality, impacts and Conservation) conservation measures (January 2018 - Till Date) 9 AQ (Meteorology, E Shyam Air Quality Assessment Air Quality Sundar, studies Modeling M Sandeep (January 2018 - Till Date)
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 3 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Declaration
S. Functional Name of the Signature & Involvement No. Areas Expert/s Date &Prediction) (FAE - B) 10 NV (Noise/ B Bhaskar Noise/ Vibration studies Vibration) Rao (January 2018 - Till Date) 11 LU (Land Use) M Chaitanya Land use studies Reddy (January 2018 - Till Date) 12 RH (Risk K Sandhya Risk assessment and DMP Assessment & Studies Hazard (January 2018 - Till Date) Management) One TM against each FAE may be shown
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 4 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Declaration
II) DECLARATION BY THE HEAD OF THE ACCREDITED CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION/ AUTHORIZED PERSON
I, E Shyam Sundar, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Establishment of Early Production System (EPA) at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (PP).
This report has been prepared by M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited (BALPL) on behalf of and for the use of the PP with due consideration and skills as per our general terms and conditions of business and the terms of agreement with PP.
BALPL is a Bureau Veritas Group Company based in India, who has local accreditations to National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET) and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt of India.
BALPL has prepared the EIA report with baseline data for 3 months starting from January 2018 as per the approved ToR issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The technical information or conclusion / recommendations herein enclosed have been derived based on the various study reports and data provided wrt the project by PP and shall be considered as a Technical Professional Opinion. It shall not be construed as a formal opinion and it does not waive any involved Party’s rights & responsibilities or obligations with respect to the project requirements at any phase of the project.
These conclusions will become null and void should BALPL not be kept informed of such modifications or alterations with specific reference to the present document No IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR. This document is valid only when presented in full.
I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement. It is certified that no unethical practice, like ‘copy and paste’, and used external data / text without proper acknowledgement, were resorted to while preparing this EIA report.
Signature :
Name : E Shyam Sundar
Designation : Head (Env)
Name of the EIA Consultant : Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Limited (A Bureau Organization Veritas Group Company) NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date : NABET/EIA/1619/ra0049 dated 29 May, 2017
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 5 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Revision History
III) REVIEW AND REVISION HISTORY
History of revisions of the present report: Rev Date Modifications Rev. 00 Draft 25-4-2018 Preliminary Draft EIA Report Rev 01 Draft 19-6-2018 Draft EIA Report with Client Comments Table I: History of the Revisions
Document No. : IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR, Rev. 01, Draft
Draft EIA Report K. Sandhya MV E Shyam Sundar Rev. 01 19-6-2018 with Client Raghavacharyulu Draft Comments Rev. 00 Preliminary Draft K. Sandhya MV E Shyam Sundar 25-4-2018 Draft EIA Report Raghavacharyulu REV DATE DESCRIPTION REVIEW-1 REVIEW-2 APPROVAL
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 6 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Contents
IV) TABLE OF CONTENTS
I) DECLARATION BY EXPERTS ...... 3 II) DECLARATION BY THE HEAD OF THE ACCREDITED CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION/ AUTHORIZED PERSON ...... 5 III) REVIEW AND REVISION HISTORY ...... 6 IV) TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 7 V) REFERENCES ...... 15
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 16 1.1 PREAMBLE ...... 16 1.2 IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT TO THE NATION ...... 17 1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PROPONENT & PROJECT...... 17 1.3.1 DETAILS ...... 17 1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ...... 17 1.4.1 CAPACITY ...... 17 1.4.2 COST OF THE PROJECT ...... 18 1.4.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ...... 18 1.5 STATUS & STAGE OF REGULATORY CLEARANCES ...... 24 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY ...... 24 1.7 METHODOLOGY / APPROACH ...... 25 1.8 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT ...... 25 1.9 TOR COMPLIANCE ...... 29
2. PROCESS DESCRIPTION ...... 33 2.1 PRODUCTION PLANT DETAILS ...... 33 2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT ...... 34 2.3 EPS CAPACITY ...... 34 2.4 PRODUCT STORAGE AND EVACUATION ...... 34 2.4.1 WELL DETAILS ...... 34 2.5 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DESCRIPTION ...... 34 2.5.1 FEED COMPOSITION ...... 34 2.5.2 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ...... 35 2.5.3 SCHEME CONCEPTUALIZATION ...... 35 2.5.3.1 GROUP HEADER ...... 35 2.5.4 GAS PROCESSING FACILITIES ...... 36 2.5.4.1 HIGH PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE SAFETY VALVES ...... 36 2.5.4.2 TEST HEADER ...... 36 2.5.4.3 TEST SEPARATORS ...... 37 2.5.4.4 SEPARATION ...... 37 2.5.4.5 GAS CONDITIONING ...... 37 2.5.5 CONDENSATE STABILIZATION, STORAGE AND EVACUATION ...... 41 2.5.6 OFF GAS COMPRESSOR ...... 42 2.5.7 GAS SUPPLY ...... 42 2.5.8 PRODUCED WATER STORAGE AND EVACUATION ...... 42 2.5.9 UTILITIES REQUIREMENT FOR GAS PROCESSING FACILITY ...... 42 2.5.9.1 PLANT/INSTRUMENT AIR ...... 42 2.5.9.2 POWER REQUIREMENT ...... 42 2.5.9.3 RAW/SERVICE WATER ...... 42 2.5.9.4 LOADING SYSTEM & WEIGH BRIDGE PACKAGE ...... 42 2.5.9.5 FUEL GAS SYSTEM ...... 42 2.5.9.6 FIREFIGHTING SYSTEM ...... 43
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 7 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Contents
2.6 GAS PROFILE FOR SALES, INTERNAL USE: ...... 43 2.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT...... 44 2.7.1 LAND REQUIREMENT ...... 44 2.7.2 WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 44 2.7.2.1 SOURCE OF WATER AND ITS MANAGEMENT ...... 44 2.7.3 WORKFORCE ARRANGEMENTS ...... 44 2.7.4 POWER REQUIREMENT AT EPS ...... 44 2.7.5 CHEMICAL STORAGE ...... 44 2.7.6 LOGISTICS ...... 45 2.8 SOURCES OF POLLUTION ...... 45 2.8.1 NOISE GENERATING SOURCES ...... 45 2.8.2 SOLID WASTE GENERATION ...... 45 2.8.3 SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION ...... 45 2.8.4 SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION ...... 45 2.9 APPLICABLE RULES & REGULATIONS ...... 45
3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ...... 47 3.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 47 3.2 HYDROGEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY ...... 47 3.2.1 GEO-HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES ...... 47 3.2.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY...... 47 3.2.3 RAINFALL & CLIMATE ...... 48 3.2.4 GEOLOGY ...... 48 3.2.5 HYDROGEOLOGY ...... 49 3.3 LAND USE STUDIES ...... 49 3.3.1 OBJECTIVES ...... 49 3.3.2 METHODOLOGY ...... 49 3.3.3 LAND USE BASED ON SECONDARY DATA ...... 50 3.3.4 LAND USE BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGERY ...... 50 3.4 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ...... 55 3.5 METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ...... 60 3.5.1 METHODOLOGY ...... 60 3.5.2 PRESENTATION OF DATA ...... 60 3.5.3 WIND PATTERN ...... 61 3.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ...... 62 3.7 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT ...... 66 3.7.1 SURFACE WATER QUALITY ...... 69 3.7.2 GROUND WATER QUALITY ...... 71 3.8 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 72 3.8.1 SOURCES OF NOISE ...... 72 3.8.2 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS ...... 72 3.8.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ...... 74 3.9 BIO DIVERSITY – FLORA AND FAUNA ...... 74 3.9.1 OBJECTIVES OF ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ...... 75 3.9.2 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE SURVEY ...... 75 3.9.3 STUDY PERIOD ...... 75 3.9.4 SCOPE, AIM & OBJECTIVES ...... 75 3.9.5 FIELD DATA COLLECTION / INVENTORY ...... 75 3.9.6 FOREST BLOCK WITH IN BLOCK AREA ...... 76 3.9.7 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL STATUS: PRIMARY SURVEY ...... 76 3.9.8 STATUS OF TERRESTRIAL BIO DIVERSITY ...... 78 3.9.9 AGRICULTURE ...... 84 3.9.10 FAUNA ...... 85
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 8 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Contents
3.9.10.1 MAMMALS ...... 85 3.9.10.2 AVIFAUNA ...... 85 3.9.10.3 REPTILES...... 85 3.9.10.4 AMPHIBIANS ...... 85 3.9.10.5 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ...... 85 3.9.10.6 STATUS OF THREATENED AND ENDEMIC BIODIVERSITY ...... 87 3.9.10.7 HABITATS AND SENSITIVITY OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 87 3.9.11 AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL STATUS: PRIMARY SURVEY ...... 88 3.9.11.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 88 3.9.11.2 PLANKTON STUDY ...... 88 3.9.11.3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR AQUATIC STUDIES ...... 88 3.9.12 CONCLUSION ...... 90 3.10 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 91 3.10.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 91 3.10.2 DESKTOP STUDY ...... 91 3.10.3 METHODOLOGY FOR PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION ...... 91 3.10.3.1 HAMLET DETAILS ...... 92 3.10.3.2 DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS ...... 92 3.10.3.3 EMPLOYMENT PATTERN ...... 92 3.10.4 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES ...... 93 3.10.4.1 EDUCATION FACILITIES ...... 93 3.10.4.2 HEALTH FACILITIES: ...... 95 3.10.4.3 DRINKING WATER FACILITIES ...... 95 3.10.4.4 DRAINAGE FACILITY ...... 95 3.10.4.5 COMMUNICATION FACILITY...... 95 3.10.4.6 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES ...... 95 3.10.4.7 ROAD FACILITIES ...... 96 3.10.4.8 BANKING FACILITY ...... 96 3.10.4.9 POWER FACILITY ...... 96 3.10.4.10 MAIN COMMODITIES DETAILS ...... 96 3.10.5 NEED BASED ASSESSMENT ...... 98 3.10.5.1 MAIN PROBLEMS AND NEEDS OF THE VILLAGES ...... 98 3.10.5.2 CONCLUSION ...... 98 3.11 HAZARDS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREA ...... 98
4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 101 4.1 PREAMBLE ...... 101 4.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 101 4.3 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS ...... 101 4.4 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES ...... 102 4.5 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 102 4.6 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 103 4.6.1 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS ...... 103 4.6.2 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ...... 104 4.6.3 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 109 4.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 110 4.7.1 MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR SOUND WAVE PROPAGATION DURING OPERATION 111 4.7.2 INPUT FOR THE MODEL ...... 111 4.7.3 RESULTS & DISCUSSION ...... 112 4.8 WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 113 4.8.1 SOURCE FOR GROUNDWATER POLLUTION: ...... 113 4.8.2 AQUIFER PROTECTION MEASURES ...... 114
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 9 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Contents
4.9 WASTE GENERATION ...... 115 4.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT – IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .... 117 4.11 BIOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 118 4.11.1 IDENTIFICATION OF EXTENT OF LIKELY IMPACT ZONE (LIZ) AREA ...... 118 4.11.2 IDENTIFICATION OF LIKELY IMPACTS ...... 118 4.11.3 SCORING OF BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES ...... 118 4.11.4 QUANTIFYING THE PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE OF THE IMPACT ...... 119 4.11.5 QUANTIFYING BIOLOGICAL IMPACT ...... 120 4.11.6 CATEGORIZATION OF INTENSITY OF BIOLOGICAL IMPACT ...... 120 4.11.7 LIKELY IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 120 4.11.7.1. IDENTIFICATION OF EXTENT OF LIKELY IMPACT ZONE (LIZ) AREA ...... 120 4.11.7.2. IDENTIFICATION OF LIKELY IMPACTS ...... 121 4.11.7.3. QUANTIFYING BIOLOGICAL IMPACT ...... 121 4.11.7.4. MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 122 4.12 SUMMARY OF IDENTIFIED IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES . 123
5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 127 5.1 ALTERNATE LOCATION FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 127
6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 128 6.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 128 6.2 AIR QUALITY MONITORING ...... 128 6.3 NOISE LEVEL MONITORING ...... 128 6.4 WATER QUALITY MONITORING ...... 128 6.5 WATER QUALITY MONITORING ...... 128 6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL ...... 129 6.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING COST ...... 129
7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 130 7.1. RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 130 7.1.1. RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH ...... 130 7.1.1.1. RISK ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR EPS ...... 133 7.1.1.2. CALCULATION OF INDIVIDUAL RISK PER ANNUM (IRPA) ...... 141 7.1.1.3. ANALYSIS RESULTS ...... 141 7.1.1.4. COMPARISON WITH ALARP CRITERIA ...... 142 7.1.1.5. OIL SPILL FREQUENCY ...... 142 7.1.1.6. RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 143 7.2. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN ...... 144 7.2.1. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE ...... 144 7.2.1.1. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANISATION AND COMMUNICATION ...... 144 7.2.1.2. IDENTIFIED EMERGENCY SCENARIOS ...... 145 7.2.1.3. EMERGENCY CLASSIFICATION ...... 145 7.2.1.4. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVATION ...... 145 7.2.2. DISASTER PREVENTION METHODS ...... 146 7.3. HEALTH AND SAFETY ...... 146 7.3.1. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ...... 146 7.3.2. SAFETY ...... 147
8. PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 153 8.1 BENEFITS FOR THE COUNTRY ...... 153 8.2 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 153 8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 153 8.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL ...... 154
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 10 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Contents
9. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ...... 155
10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 156 10.1 PREAMBLE ...... 156 10.2 EMP DURING VARIOUS PROJECT PHASES ...... 156 10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE COMPANY ...... 156 10.4 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE - EHS & SAFETY ...... 156 10.5 AUDIT AND REVIEW ...... 156 10.6 MANAGEMENT REVIEW ...... 157 10.7 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 158 10.8 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 158 10.9 WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 158 10.10 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 158 10.11 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN (WMP) ...... 158 10.12 STORAGE AND HANDLING OF MATERIAL AND SPOILS ...... 159 10.13 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN ...... 160 10.13.1 SELECTION OF PLANT SPECIES ...... 160 10.13.2 LOCATIONS OF GREENBELT ...... 160 10.13.3 RECOMMENDED SPECIES ...... 160 10.13.4 PLANTATION TECHNIQUE ...... 160 10.13.5 MONITORING PROTOCOL ...... 161 10.14 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ...... 161 10.15 SITE SECURITY ...... 161 10.16 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND EMP COST161
11. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 162 11.1 LOCATION DETAILS OF THE PROJECT ...... 162 11.2 IMPORTANCE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 162 11.3 EPS CAPACITY ...... 162 11.3.1 INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT ...... 162 11.4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS...... 163 11.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 165 11.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 168 11.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 168 11.8 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 168 11.9 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 169 11.10 ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP ...... 169 11.11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 169
12. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ...... 170 12.1 NAME OF THE CONSULTANTS ...... 170
ANNEXURE I : MET DATA ...... 174 ANNEXURE II : AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA ...... 178 ANNEXURE III : HSE ...... 184 ANNEXURE IV : TOR ...... 190
TABLE OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: LOCATION MAP ...... 16 FIGURE 2: PROPOSED EPS SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 24 FIGURE 3: INDEX MAP ...... 19 FIGURE 4: EPS LOCATION GOOGLE MAP ...... 20
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 11 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Contents
FIGURE 5: ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY MAP ...... 21 FIGURE 6: TOPO MAP 1KM...... 22 FIGURE 7: TOPO MAP ...... 23 FIGURE 8: WELL INPUTS FOR EPS ...... 33 FIGURE 9: BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GAS PROCESSING FACILITY ...... 36 FIGURE 10: SCHEMATIC MEMBRANE BASED CO2 REMOVAL UNIT ...... 38 FIGURE 11: SCHEMATIC OF COMPACT DEW POINT DEPRESSION UNIT ...... 40 FIGURE 12: SCHEMATIC OF MEMBRANE BASED NITROGEN REMOVAL UNIT ...... 41 FIGURE 14 : ANNUAL RAINFALL ...... 48 FIGURE 15: LANDUSE LAND COVER ...... 53 FIGURE 16: SATELLITE IMAGERY ...... 54 FIGURE 17 : SOIL SAMPLING PHOTOS ...... 55 FIGURE 18 : SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS ...... 56 FIGURE 19 : WIND ROSE FOR STUDY PERIOD ...... 62 FIGURE 21 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LOCATIONS ...... 64 FIGURE 20 : AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING PHOTOS ...... 63 FIGURE 22 WATER SAMPLING PHOTOS ...... 67 FIGURE 23 WATER SAMPLING LOCATION MAP ...... 68 FIGURE 24 NOISE MONITORING LOCATION...... 73 FIGURE 25 : NOISE MONITORING PHOTOS ...... 72 FIGURE 41 : SURVEY PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 76 FIGURE 42 : FLORA IN STUDY AREA ...... 78 FIGURE 26 : STUDY AREA SE SURVEY PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 97 FIGURE 28 : EARTHQUAKE MAP ...... 99 FIGURE 29 FLOOD HAZARD MAP ...... 99 FIGURE 30 : CYCLONE HAZARD MAP ...... 100 FIGURE 31 : CYCLONE HAZARD MAP ...... 100 FIGURE 32 : ISOPLETHS FOR INCREMENTAL GLCS OF NO2 AT EPS FOR SC-I ...... 106 FIGURE 33 : ISOPLETHS FOR INCREMENTAL GLCS OF NO2 AT EPS FOR SC-2 ...... 107 FIGURE 34 : ISOPLETHS FOR INCREMENTAL GLCS OF SO2 AT EPS FOR SC-2 ...... 108 FIGURE 35 : RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 130 FIGURE 36 : ALARP CRITERIA ...... 131 FIGURE 37 : EPS LAYOUT ...... 144
TABLES TABLE 1: PRODUCTION PROFILE OF BANTUMILLI FIELD ...... 17 TABLE 2: ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES WITHIN 10-KM RADIUS OF PROJECT SITE ...... 18 TABLE 3: REGULATORY CLEARANCE OF PROJECT ...... 24 TABLE 4: STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT ...... 25 TABLE 5: ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING ...... 26 TABLE 6: TOR COMPLIANCE ...... 29 TABLE 7: WELL DISTANCES FROM PROPOSED LOCATION ...... 34 TABLE 8: GAS COMPOSITION ...... 35 TABLE 9: PROCESS UNITS REQUIRED TO MEET PNGRB GUIDELINES ...... 35 TABLE 10: CO2 REMOVAL SYSTEM ...... 37 TABLE 11: N2 REMOVAL PROCESS ...... 41 TABLE 12: COMPOSITION OF N2 UNIT REJECT GAS ...... 43 TABLE 13: GAS PROFILE FOR INTERNAL USE, SALES GAS & N2 UNIT REJECT GAS ...... 43 TABLE 14 : WATER REQUIREMENT - KLD ...... 44 TABLE 15 : LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 46 TABLE 16 : GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 48 TABLE 17 : TABLE LANDUSE PATTERN IN STUDY AREA (IN HA) ...... 50 TABLE 18 : LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ...... 50
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 12 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Contents
TABLE 19 : LULC AS PER SATELLITE IMAGERY ...... 52 TABLE 20 : SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS ...... 55 TABLE 21 : SOIL QUALITY ...... 57 TABLE 22 : SOIL STANDARD CLASSIFICATION ...... 57 TABLE 23:SENSITIVITY OF METEOROLOGY MONITORING EQUIPMENT ...... 60 TABLE 24 METEOROLOGICAL DATA FROM IMD (1971-2000) ...... 61 TABLE 25 OBSERVED METEOROLOGICAL DATA ONSITE...... 61 TABLE 26 : AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS ...... 63 TABLE 27 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS (FOR 3 MONTHS STARTING FROM JANUARY 2018) ...... 65 TABLE 28 SURFACE WATER LOCATIONS ...... 66 TABLE 29 GROUNDWATER LOCATIONS ...... 66 TABLE 30 : SURFACE WATER QUALITY ...... 69 TABLE 31 : GROUND WATER QUALITY ...... 70 TABLE 32: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS ...... 72 TABLE 33 SUMMARY OF MONITORED AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY ...... 74 TABLE 34 DETAILS OF TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS ...... 76 TABLE 35 EXISTING FLORAL SPECIES IN THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITE ...... 80 TABLE 36 PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TREES IN STUDY AREA ...... 82 TABLE 37 PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SHRUBS IN STUDY AREA ...... 83 TABLE 38 : LIST OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ...... 84 TABLE 39 FAUNA RECORDED IN THE STUDY AREA ...... 86 TABLE 40 : AQUATIC FAUNA OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 86 TABLE 41 : PRAWNS AND CRABS REPORTED FROM THE PROJECT REGION ...... 87 TABLE 42 : DETAILS OF AQUATIC SAMPLING LOCATIONS ...... 88 TABLE 43 : PHYTOPLANKTON COUNT IN STUDY AREA ...... 89 TABLE 44 : DISTRIBUTION OF CHLOROPHYLL-A (CHL A) MG/M3 AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION (PP) MG C / M3 DAY-1 ...... 89 TABLE 45 : ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS (M-3) AND NUMERICAL COUNTS (100/M3) ...... 90 TABLE 46 : ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 92 TABLE 47 : EDUCATION FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES ...... 93 TABLE 48 : POPULATION AND LITERACY DETAILS ...... 93 TABLE 49 : EMPLOYMENT PATTERN ...... 94 TABLE 50 : EMPLOYMENT & MAIN WORKER EMPLOYMENT PATTERN ...... 94 TABLE 51 : HEALTH FACILITIES IN NUMBERS ...... 95 TABLE 52 : DRINKING WATER FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES ...... 95 TABLE 53 : DRAINAGE FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES ...... 95 TABLE 54 : COMMUNICATION FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES ...... 95 TABLE 55 : TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES ...... 96 TABLE 56 : ROAD FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES ...... 96 TABLE 57 : BANKING FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES ...... 96 TABLE 58 : POWER FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES ...... 96 TABLE 59 : AAQ IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 104 TABLE 60 : AIR EMISSION QUANTITIES...... 106 TABLE 61 PREDICTED INCREMENTAL GLCS ...... 109 TABLE 62 RESULTANT INCREMENTAL GLCS ...... 109 TABLE 63: EXPECTED SOURCES OF NOISE ...... 112 TABLE 64 : ACCIDENTS IMPACTING GROUNDWATER & PREVENTIVE METHODS ...... 114 TABLE 65 : OILY (HYDROCARBON) WASTE ...... 115 TABLE 66: BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES SCORING SCHEME ...... 118 TABLE 67: OCCURRENCE FREQUENCY ASSESSMENT ...... 120 TABLE 68: CATEGORIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS ...... 120 TABLE 69: LIKELY IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS ...... 121
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 13 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Contents
TABLE 70: BIOLOGICAL IMPACT SCORING ...... 122 TABLE 71: LIKELY IMPACTS AND SUGGESTED MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 123 TABLE 72 : CONSOLIDATED IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES FOR EPS ...... 123 TABLE 73 : SUMMARY - MONITORING PROGRAMME...... 128 TABLE 74 : PRINCIPAL STUDY ASSUMPTIONS ...... 133 TABLE 75 : MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARDS FOR EPS...... 133 TABLE 76 : ASSUMPTIONS FOR PASSING VEHICLE COLLISION TO EPS ...... 134 TABLE 77 : EVENT TREE FOR VEHICLE COLLISION TO EPS ...... 135 TABLE 78 : CONSEQUENCE CALCULATIONS FOR VEHICLE COLLISION TO EPS ...... 135 TABLE 79 : ASSUMPTION FOR STRUCTURAL FAILURE OF EPS ...... 135 TABLE 80 : EVENT TREE FOR STRUCTURAL FAILURE STRUCTURAL FAILURE OF EPS ...... 136 TABLE 81 : CONSEQUENCE CALCULATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL FAILURE OF EPS ...... 136 TABLE 82 : ASSUMPTIONS FOR NON PROCESS FIRES AT EPS ...... 137 TABLE 83 : EVENT TREE FOR NON PROCESS FIRES AT EPS ...... 137 TABLE 84 : CONSEQUENCE CALCULATIONS FOR NON PROCESS FIRES OF EPS ...... 137 TABLE 85 : ASSUMPTIONS FOR HYDROCARBON LEAKS IN EPS ...... 138 TABLE 86 : EVENT TREE FOR HYDROCARBON LEAKS IN EARLY PRODUCTION SYSTEM OPERATION ...... 140 TABLE 87 : CONSEQUENCE CALCULATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON LEAKS DURING WELL TESTING / EARLY PRODUCTION SYSTEM ...... 140 TABLE 88 : RISK RESULTS ...... 141 TABLE 89 : INITIATING EVENTS LEADING TO TIER 1 OIL SPILL ...... 142 TABLE 90 : INITIATING EVENTS LEADING TO TIER 2 OIL SPILL ...... 142 TABLE 91 : INITIATING EVENTS LEADING TO TIER 3 OIL SPILL ...... 142 TABLE 92 : RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EPS...... 143 TABLE 93: PLANT SPECIES SUGGESTED FOR GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT / PLANTATION .. 160
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 14 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation References
V) REFERENCES
Scheme conceptualization for modular surface facilities at BTSAD by IOGPT for ONGC Census 2011 Checklist of Fishes from Interu Mangrove Swamp of River Godavari Region Andhra Pradesh, India Environment impact Assessment Studies for Drilling of Development and Appraisal Wells in KG-ONN-2003/1 Onshore Block in Guntur and Krishna Districts, Andhra Pradesh, October 2008 EIA for 18 drilling wells of OIL Kakinada by Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited BALPL Data "Mobile Platform Stability. Sub-project 0.6, Estimation of Damage Conditions". Det Norske Veritas, 1982 UK Department of the Oil and Gas Reserves of the United Kingdom (The Brown Book), 1990; E&P Forum, Risk Assessment Data Directory, 1996 OISD-GDN-206- Guidelines on Safety Management System in Petroleum Industry HSE Management System Document by CHSE (March 2013), ONGC Development of 14 wells in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh for ONGC 2017 CPCB 2000. Guidelines for developing green belts, Programme Objective Series PROBES/75/1999-2000. Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, pp. 195. Environment Impact Assessment Report for Exploratory Drilling of Shale Gas and Oil Wells in KG Basin, Andhra Pradesh-2017. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Shrimp Culture in Andhra Pradesh. ASCI Journal of Management, Volume 25, 1996. Environmental Impact Assessment Report on Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna districts of A.P., 2014. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (A Govt. of India Enterprise), Rajahmundry Asset Rajahmundry-533106. K. Nageswara Rao, 2003. Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in the Identification of Aquaculture Hotspots at Village Level. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2003. B. Mahadev, et. al., 2016. Precious medicinal plants found on the peripheries of villages of West Godavari district. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 4(4): 80-83. Prema Chandra Sekhar et al. 2015. Weed flora of crops fields of West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Science / Vol 5 / Issue 12 / 1332-1336. Priyavada Devi et. al. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of zooplankton from aquaculture ponds in and around Bhimavaram, West Godavari district. Nat Envir Pollut Technol. 2012, 11(3), 507-9.
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 15 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) proposing to establish one Early Production System (EPS) at BTSAD, Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The envisaged gas production will be around 7 LSCMD. For early monetization of the gas of Bantumilli south field, ONGC is interested to install modular surface facilities at BTSAD. The processed gas is to be routed to common gas carrier of M/s.GAIL and hence to meet PNGRB guidelines. The Location map showing the Bantumilli South Field with the EPS location is provided in Figure 1.
FIGURE 1: LOCATION MAP
1.1 Purpose of the Report
As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September 2006, subsequent amendments of Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), New Delhi, the proposed integrated project falls under ‘Category A Project’ under 1b type of activity. This EIA Report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed project and proposes the mitigation measures for the same.
The application to prior environmental clearance (Form-I) for the above proposal has been submitted to the MoEF&CC. Standard Terms of Reference (TOR) vide letter no: F.No.J-11011/75/2017-IA.II (I) dated 25th April 2017 and Additional TOR vide letter
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 16 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
no: F.No. J-11011/64/2017-IA.II(I) dated 31st May 2017 for the preparation of EIA/EMP Report. The copy of the same along with its compliance are enclosed in Annexure-I.
The EIA report is prepared for obtaining Environmental Clearance (EC) from MoEF&CC, New Delhi for the proposed project. The report covers the primary data of existing baseline environmental status surrounding the project location collected during 29th January 2018 – 22nd April 2018. This report has been prepared for submission to AP Pollution Control Board (APPCB) for conducting public hearing.
1.2 Importance of the Project to the Nation
The proposed project is aimed at increasing the production towards filling the gap between national crude oil demand and supply. Also it will help in meeting the energy requirements of the nation and generate employment opportunities. Long term production profile for BTSAD is provided below for putting EPS.
TABLE 1: PRODUCTION PROFILE OF BANTUMILLI FIELD Gas Annual Cum No of SBHP Recovery S.No. Year Flow, Qg Production Prodn, Producers Ksc % LSCMD MMm3 MMm3 1 2016-2017 2 5.00 182.50 182.50 727.8 2.24 2 2017-2018 4 7.00 255.50 438.00 682.4 5.38 3 2018-2019 4 7.00 255.50 693.50 640.0 8.52 4 2019-2020 4 7.00 255.50 949.00 600.4 11.66 5 2020-2021 4 7.00 255.50 1204.50 563.4 14.80 6 2021-2022 4 6.40 233.60 1438.10 531.7 17.68 7 2022-2023 4 5.75 209.88 1647.98 504.9 20.26 8 2023-2024 4 5.25 191.63 1839.60 481.4 22.61 9 2024-2025 4 4.80 175.20 2014.80 460.6 24.76 10 2025-2026 4 4.50 164.25 2179.05 442.3 26.78 11 2026-2027 4 4.10 149.65 2328.70 425.8 28.62 12 2027-2028 4 3.82 139.43 2468.13 411.2 30.34 13 2028-2029 4 3.58 130.67 2598.80 397.8 31.94 14 2029-2030 4 3.36 122.64 2721.44 385.3 33.45
1.3 Identification of Project Proponent & Project
1.3.1 Details
ONGC is India’s Top Energy Company and ranks 20th among global energy majors (Platts). ONGC ranks 14th in ‘Oil and Gas operations’ and 220th overall in Forbes Global 2000. Acclaimed for its Corporate Governance practices, Transparency International has ranked ONGC 26th among the biggest publicly traded global giants. It is one of the most valued public enterprise in India, and one of the highest profit- making and dividend-paying. ONGC has a unique distinction of being a company with in-house service capabilities in all areas of Exploration and Production of oil & gas and related oil-field services.
1.4 Brief Description of Project
1.4.1 Capacity
Project is aimed at early monetisation of the Oil & Gas resources available in the project location by establishing Early Production System (EPS) and the project output capacity is estimated to be 7 LSCMD. The project requires about 17.4 Acres of land which is already in possession of ONGC.
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 17 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.4.2 Cost of the Project
Cost of the project is envisaged as Rs. 250 crores.
1.4.3 Location of the Project
The location of EPS is in BTSAD, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. Bhimavaram Railway Station is at a distance of about 14 kms and Rajahmundry Airport is around 85 km from the project area. EPS is located at Coordinate 16° 25’ 15.1”N and 81° 29’ 57.8”E. The Proposed EPS will be Located in Barrivanipeta Village. Photograph of the proposed EPS Location is provided as Figure 2. Index Map is provided as Figure 3. The Environmental features of the project area within 10-km radius from the project site boundary are given in Table 2. Google Map is shown in Figure 4 and the Environmental Sensitivity Map is shown as Figure 5. Topomap of 1 km is shown as Figure 6. Topo Map with 10km study area is provided as Figure 7 and The 10 km’s radius of the study area falls in West Godavari Districts.
TABLE 2: ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES WITHIN 10-KM RADIUS OF PROJECT SITE Sr. No. Particulars Details 1 Location a Village Barrivanipeta b Tehsil Bhimavaram c District West Godavari d State Andhra Pradesh e Geographical co-ordinates 16° 25’ 15.1”N; 81° 29’ 57.8”E 2 Elevation 16ft 3 Meteorological conditions Nearest IMD: Narsapur Wind Speed : 1-19 kmph Wind Direction: SE, NE Max. & Min. temp. 16oC – 40 oC Rain fall 1055 mm Relative Humidity 27-83 % 4 Land use at the project site Industrial Area 5 Nearest City / Town Bhimvaram 6 Nearest highway NH – 214A 7 Nearest Railway station Bhimavaram 8 Nearest airport Rajahmundry 9 Defence installations Nil 10 Archaeological important Nil places 11 Surface water bodies Aquaculture ponds - Adjacent Upputeru River – 3.8 kms SW 12 Ecological Sensitive Areas None (National Parks, Wildlife sanctuaries) 13 Reserved/Protected forests Nil 14 Industries ONGC & GAIL 15 Socio economic status of the Land acquired by ONGC project site 16 Seismic zone Zone – III (moderate risk zone) as per IS:1893 (Part-1), 2002.
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 18 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
FIGURE 2: INDEX MAP
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 19 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
FIGURE 3: EPS LOCATION GOOGLE MAP
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 20 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
FIGURE 4: ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY MAP
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 21 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
FIGURE 5: TOPO MAP 1KM
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 22 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
FIGURE 6: TOPO MAP
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 23 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
FIGURE 7: PROPOSED EPS SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
1.5 Status & Stage of Regulatory Clearances
Status and Stage of Regulatory Clearance for the proposed EPS is provided in Table 3.
TABLE 3: REGULATORY CLEARANCE OF PROJECT Regulatory Clearance Status Proposal Number IA/AP/IND/26860/2017 Terms of Reference F.No.J-11011/75/2017-IA.II (I)
1.6 Scope of the Study
Based on the TOR, the Environmental Impact Assessment report is prepared covering study area of 10-km radius area around the plant site. The scope of study broadly includes: To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area; To undertake environmental monitoring so as to establish the baseline environmental status of the study area; To identify the ambient air quality levels in the proposed project area; To predict incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the proposed project activities; To evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies; To prepare an Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality and scope for future expansions for environmentally sustainable development; and To identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored.
The literature review includes identification of relevant articles from various publications, collection of data from various government agencies and other sources.
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 24 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Ltd.(A Bureau Veritas Group Company) undertook the environmental study during 29th January 2018 – 22nd April 2018 as per EIA guidelines laid by MoEF&CC . The study has been carried out in an area of 10 Km radius area around the proposed EPS location.
1.7 Methodology / Approach
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Limited along with ONGC officials had conducted a reconnaissance survey and sampling locations were identified on the basis of: Predominant wind directions in the study area as recorded by India Meteorological Department (IMD), Narsapur; Existing topography, location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals and rivers; Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas; Accessibility, power availability and security of monitoring equipment, pollution pockets in the area; Areas which represent baseline conditions; and Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental attributes. Field studies have been conducted for a period of three months (29th January 2018 – 22nd April 2018) representing Partly Winter and partly summer seasons to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes as outlined in Table-5. The applicable environmental standards for the project and the methodology of monitoring and analysis are given in Chapter 3 and administrative legislation in Table 17.
Environmental Impact Assessment study has been conducted within an area of 10 km radius around EPS. The various steps involved in the study for this project are divided into following three phases. . Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the baseline status within the study area and assessment of pollutants envisaged due to proposed activities and other polluting activities in the study area on various environmental parameters . Evaluation of impacts after superimposing the predicted pollution load over the baseline condition. . Preparation of Environmental Management Plan for mitigation of impacts.
1.8 Structure of EIA Report
Structure of EIA Report is provided in Table4.
TABLE 4: STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT Chapter Title Chapter – 1 Project Introduction Chapter – 2 Project Description Chapter – 3 Baseline Environmental Status Chapter – 4 Environmental Impacts & Mitigation measures Chapter – 5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) Chapter – 6 Environmental Monitoring Program Chapter – 7 Additional Studies Chapter – 8 Project Benefits Chapter – 9 Environment Cost Benefit Analysis Chapter – 10 Environmental Management Plan Chapter – 11 Summary & Conclusions Chapter – 12 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 25 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
TABLE 5: ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING Sr. Environmental Sampling Sampling Total Sampling Sampling Detection Limit Methodology No Component Locations Parameters Period Frequency 1 Meteorology One central Temperature, 3 months Hourly WS: +/-0.02 m/sec The meteorology parameters were location Wind Speed, WD: +/- 3 degrees recorded using automatic micro- Wind Direction Temp: +/- 0.2 oC meteorological equipment consisting of Anemometer, Wind wane and thermometer. Review of secondary data collected from IMD station at Narsapur Rainfall 3 months Daily Rainfall: 0.2 mm Rainfall was recorded every morning at 0830 hours Relative 3 months Hourly RH: +/- 3% Humidity recorded using wet and Humidity, Cloud dry thermometer and psychometric Cover charts on hourly basis. 2 Ambient Air 6 locations As per NAAQS Two days per 24 hourly PM2.5: 5 µg/m3 Gravimetric method for PM. Quality 2009 week for 12 PM10: 5 µg/m3 Modified West & Gaeke method for 3 weeks CO: 12.5 µg/ m SO2 (IS-5182 part-II 1969) using SO2: 4 µg/ m3 Tetrachloro mercurate 0.01 N NO2: 9 µg/ m3 absorbing solution. Jacob- Lead: 0.001 µg/ m3 Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part- Arsenic: 1 ng/ m3 IV 1975) for NO2 using Sodium Nickel :1 ng/ m3 Arsenate absorbing solution of 0.01 Benzene :0.1ng/m3 N absorbing solution. CO was Benzo-a-Pyrene : 1 ng/ measured by GC method. Benzo- m3 a-pyrene by IS 5182 Part -12, HC: 0.1 µg/ m3 Arsenic, Lead, Nickel by US-EPA Ammonia: 5.0 µg/m3 Compendium method IO 3.5-1999, Ozone: 20.0 µg/m3 Benzene, Methane Hydrocarbon Methane: 0.5 µg/m3 and Non Methane Hydrocarbon by Non Methane:0.5 USEPA-18 Method by spot µg/m3 sampling
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 26 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
Sr. Environmental Sampling Sampling Total Sampling Sampling Detection Limit Methodology No Component Locations Parameters Period Frequency 3 Water Quality 11 locations As per IS:10500- Grab Once in EC:+/-0.1 us/cm As per APHA methods. The (4 Surface 1991 sampling study TSS/TDS: 0.5 mg/l conductivity, temperature were water period O&G: 0.1 mg/l analysed at site laboratory and rest 7- Ground DO: 0.5 mg/l of the parameters were analysed at water) BOD: 2 mg/l Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private COD: 0.5 mg/l Limited Laboratory at Hyderabad. Ca, Mg, Na, K: 0.1 mg/l Alkalinity, PO4, SO4, Cl, NO3: 0.1 mg/l Coliform: 1 MPN Heavy metals Grab Once in 0.001 mg/l (As, Hg, Pb, Cd, sampling study Cr-6, Total Cr, period Cu, Zn, Se, Fe) 4 Noise 3 locations Leq Hourly Once in SPL: 0.1 dB(A) Integrated on hourly basis readings for study 24 hours period 5 Soil 5 locations Soil profile, Composite Once EC: ± 0.1 µs/cm Analysis was carried out as per Chemical sample up to during N, P, K: 0.1 mg/kg Soil Chemical analysis by ML constituents, 100- m depth study Jackson Suitability for period agricultural growth 6 Terrestrial Total study Flora and fauna Field Once in - Through field visits and collected Ecology area observations study secondary data. Count and period quadrate method 7 Demography Total study Demographic - - - Through field visits and secondary and Socio- area profile information sources like National economic Informatic Centre, Delhi and aspects Census operation division 8 Land Use Total study Trend of land - - - Through field visits and secondary area use change for information of IRS, LISS P6 different satellite imagery data sources like categories National Informatic Centre, Delhi
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 27 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
Sr. Environmental Sampling Sampling Total Sampling Sampling Detection Limit Methodology No Component Locations Parameters Period Frequency 9 Geology Total study Geological - - - Secondary information sources area history (Geological survey of India and Central Ground Water Board, Delhi) 10 Hydrogeology Total study Drainage pattern, - - - Secondary information sources like (Surface and area nature of (Geological survey of India and ground) streams, aquifer Central Ground Water Board) characteristics, recharge and discharge areas
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) Project Reference: IND.BH.41.17.0347/HSR Rev. 01, Draft 28 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.9 ToR Compliance
MoEF&CC has issued approved Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking EIA Studies for EPS vide F.No.J-11011/75/2017-IA.II (I) dated 25th April 2017 and Additional TOR vide letter no : F.No. J-11011/64/2017-IA.II(I) dated 31st May 2017 in accordance with the provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14-11-2006 in which now ONGC Intends to establish EPS. The ToR Compliance is provided in Table 6
TABLE 6: TOR COMPLIANCE ToR No ToR Point ToR Compliance 1 Executive summary of a project. To enhance oil and gas production from existing reservoirs from the existing established oil and gas fields. ONGC is proposing for establishment of EPS in BTSAD, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District. The capital cost of the project is Rs 250 Crore Financial allocation for environmental protection measures will be 5% of the capital cost (i.e. Rs. 12.5 crores). The detail executive summary is provided. 2 Project description, project objectives ONGC is establishing EPS in BTSAD, and project benefits. Bimavaram, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh. EPS facilitates in production of Oil & Gas from nearby well network there by producing oil & gas without having a full scale refinery 3 Cost of project and period of The capital cost of the project is Rs 250 completion. Crores Period of Completion is one and half year after obtaining all Clearances 4 Site details within 1 km of the each ONGC owns land of existing well BTSAD proposed well, any habitation, any and proposes to set up the proposed other installation/ activity, flora and EPS within the well location. 1km radius fauna, approachability to site, other of the project consists of habitation of activities including agriculture/ land, Barrivanipeta village, Jaganadhapuram satellite imagery for 10km area. All the Village, Aquaculture Ponds, Agricultural geological details shall be mentioned lands, two creeks, roads. Satellite Image in the Topo sheet of 1:40000 scale, is provided as Figure 14. Topomap is superimposing the well locations and provided as Figure 5&6. other structures of the projects. Topography of the project site. 5 Details of sensitive areas such as No sensitive areas such as National National Park, Wildlife sanctuary and Park, Wildlife sanctuary and any other any other eco-sensitive area along with eco-sensitive area in 10 km’s of the study map indicating distance. area. 6 Approval for the forest land from the Not Applicable State/ Central Govt. under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, if applicable.
29 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
ToR No ToR Point ToR Compliance 7 Recommendation of SCZMA/ CRZ Sea shore is at 8.5-km from the project clearance as per CRZ Notification site boundary hence not Applicable dated 6th January, 2011 (if applicable). 8 Distance from nearby critically/severely Not Applicable polluted area as per Notification, if applicable. Status of moratorium imposed on the area. 9 Does proposal involve rehabilitation Not Applicable as the land is already and resettlement? If yes, details procured by ONGC thereof. 10 Environmental considerations in the The proposed project is for the selection of the drilling locations for development of the block. The proposed which environmental clearance is EPS will be set up within BTSAD well being sought. Present any analysis Location to eliminate the additional land suggested for minimizing the foot print foot print. giving details of drilling and development options considered. 11 Baseline data collection for air, water Baseline Data is collected for Ambient Air and soil for one season leaving the Quality, Water Quality and soil from 29th monsoon season in an area of 10 km January to 22nd April 2018 radius with centre of Oil Field as its centre covering the area of all proposed drilling wells. 12 Climatology and Meteorology including Climatology and Meteorology including wind speed, wind direction, wind speed, wind direction, temperature temperature rainfall relative Humidity rainfall relative Humidity is provided in etc. Chapter 3 Section 3.5 13 Details of Ambient Air Quality Details of Ambient Air Quality monitoring monitoring at 8 locations for PM2.5, at 6 locations for PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, VOCs, CO, VOCs, Methane and non-methane Methane and non-methane HC. HC is Provided in Chapter 3 Section 3.6 14 Soil sample analysis (physical and Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical properties) at the areas chemical properties) at the areas located located at 5 locations. at 5 locations is provided in Chapter 3 Section 3.4 15 Ground and surface water quality in Ground and surface water quality in the the vicinity of the proposed wells site. vicinity of the proposed EPS site is provided in Chapter 3 Section 3.7 16 Measurement of Noise levels within 1 Noise levels are measured at 3 locations km radius of the proposed wells. and 2 within 1 km radius of the proposed EPS and the same are provided in Chapter 3 Section 3.8 17 Vegetation and land use; flora/fauna in Vegetation and land use; flora/fauna in the block area with details of the study area are provided in Chapter 3 endangered species, if any. Section 3.9 18 Incremental GLC as a result of DG set Incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation, flaring etc. operation, flaring are provided in Chapter 4 Section 4.6 19 Potential environmental impact Potential environmental impact envisaged during various stages of envisaged during various stages of project activities such as site project activities such as site activation,
30 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
ToR No ToR Point ToR Compliance activation, development, operation/ development, operation/ maintenance maintenance and decommissioning. are provided in Chapter 4 and Section 4.3 20 Actual source of water and The water required will be supplied by 'Permission' for the drawl of water from local contractors through tankers from the Competent Authority. Detailed nearby villages, the contractor will water balance, wastewater generation obtain necessary permissions from local and discharge. authorities, water balance for the activity is given in Chapter 2 Table 14 21 Noise abatement measures and Noise abatement measures and measures to minimize disturbance due measures to minimize disturbance due to to light and visual intrusions. light and visual intrusions are provided in Chapter 4 Section 4.7 22 Details on wastewater generation, Details on wastewater generation, treatment and utilization /discharge for treatment and utilization /discharge for produced water/ formation water, produced water/ formation water, cooling cooling waters, other wastewaters, etc. waters, other wastewaters, etc. during all during all project phases. project phases are provided in Chapter 2 and Section 2.7 23 Details on solid waste management for Details on solid waste management for drill cuttings, drilling mud and oil drill cuttings, drilling mud and oil sludge, sludge, produced sand, radio Active produced sand, radio Active materials, materials, other hazardous materials, other hazardous materials, etc. including etc. including its disposal options its disposal options during all project during all project phases. phases are provided in Chapter 10 Section 10.11 24 Disposal of spent oil and lube. Spent oil & Lube oil will be collected stored and sent APPCB/CPCB authorized recyclers. 25 Storage of chemicals and diesel at Zoning is carried out in the drill site and site. Hazardous material usage, specific area is demarcated for storing storage and accounting. Chemicals on site 26 Commitment for the use of water Not Applicable based mud (WBM) only 27 Oil spill emergency plans for recovery/ ONGC has its own oil spill contingency reclamation. plan and it will be followed in case of any emergency 28 H2S emissions control. H2S emissions control is provided in Chapter 7 Section 7.2 29 Produced oil/ gas handling, processing Produced oil/ gas handling, processing and storage/ transportation. and storage/ transportation and provided in Chapter 2 Section 2.5.7 & 2.5.8 30 Details of control of air, water and Details of control of air, water and noise noise pollution during production pollution during production phase are phase. provided in Chapter 4 31 Measures to protect ground water and Measures to protect ground water and shallow aquifers from contamination. shallow aquifers from contamination is provided in Section 4.8.2 of Chapter-4. 32 Whether any burn pits being utilised for There will not be ant well testing in the well test operations. proposed project. However, there will be a vertical flare stack proposed in the
31 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 1 : Introduction
ToR No ToR Point ToR Compliance EPS. 33 Risk assessment and disaster Risk assessment and disaster management plan for independent management plan for individual wells has reviews of well-designed construction been prepared. etc. for prevention of blow out. Blowout Risk identification, quantification and preventer installation. DMP for the proposed EPS has been described in chapter 7 34 Environmental management plan. Environmental management plan is provided in chapter 10 35 Total capital and recurring cost for The capital cost of the project is Rs 250 environmental control measures. Crore Financial allocation for environmental protection measures will be 5% of the capital cost (i.e. Rs. 12.5 crores). 36 Emergency preparedness plan. Emergency preparedness plan is provided in chapter 7 Section 7.2 37 Decommissioning and restoration Not Applicable plans. 38 Documentary proof of membership of MOM with TSDF is already there for common disposal facilities, if any. ONGC for Disposal of its hazardous wastes 39 Details of environmental and safety Details of environmental and safety related documentation within the related documentation within the company including documentation and company including documentation and proposed occupational health and proposed occupational health and safety safety Surveillance Safety Programme Surveillance Safety Programme for all for all personnel at site. This shall also personnel at site. This shall also include include monitoring programme for the monitoring programme for the environmental. environmental are provided in Chapter 7 Section 7.3 40 A copy of Corporate Environment Corporate Environment Policy of ONGC Policy of the company as per the is Provided as Annexure III Ministry's O.M. No. J-11013/ 41/2006- IA.II(I) dated 26th April, 2011 available on the Ministry's website. 41 Any litigation pending against the No Litigations pending against the project project and or any direction/order and or any direction order passed by any passed by any court of law against the court of law against the project project. If so details thereof. Additional ToR 1 Public Hearing to be conducted and MoEF&CC directions will be followed. issues raised and commitments made by the project proponent on the same should be included in EIA /EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitments made.
32 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
2. PROCESS DESCRIPTION
2.1 Production Plant Details
In Bantumilli South Field of Rajahmundry Asset, wells BTSAA (BTS#1) & BTSAB (BTS#2) have been drilled to establish hydrocarbon potential of Raghavapuram (3430- 3460 m) & Nandigama (4165-4216 m) formation. Wells were declared as gas bearing and abandoned due to technical reasons. Further, 4 new well locations are identified as gas bearing namely BTSAD, BTSDA, BTSDB and BTSDC. The envisaged gas production will be around 7 LSCMD.
For early monetization of the gas of Bantumilli south field, ONGC is interested to install modular surface facilities called Early Production System (EPS) at BTSAD. The processed gas is to be routed to common gas carrier of M/s.GAIL and hence to meet PNGRB guidelines. Project was referred to IOGPT for conceptualization of suitable surface facilities as part of field development programme. Wells and their flow for EPS is depicted in Figure 8.
FIGURE 8: WELL INPUTS FOR EPS
Gas Evacuation Line: Processed Gas will be exported through 8” pipeline of 47-km length to GAIL or direct to consumer via Lingala GGS at the destination Pressure of 35 kg/cm2.
33 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
2.2 Need for the Project
The proposed project is aimed at increasing the production towards filling the gap between national demand and supply. Also it will help in meeting the energy requirements of the nation and generate employment opportunities.
2.3 EPS Capacity
The envisaged peak gas production as per the profile is 7 LSCMD. Accordingly, EPS facilities at BTSAD have been conceptualised with design capacity of processing 7.0 LSCMD of gas, 135 m3/d of condensate and 25 m3/d of produced water.
2.4 Product storage and evacuation
The following are the storage facilities and transportation modes envisaged for the produce from the proposed EPS: 3 numbers of storage tanks are considered for storing the stabilised condensate produced at Bantumilli surface facility (3 X 150 m3). Condensate will be evacuated through road tankers to Tatipaka refinery. 2 numbers of effluent storage tanks (each of 50 m3 capacity) are considered for storing the produced water and d will be evacuated through road tankers to nearby ETP. Gas will be sent to GAIL by pipeline via Lingala GGS, which is around 47 km away from the installation.
2.4.1 Well details
The development plan includes 4 wells namely BTSAD, BTSDA, BTSDB & BTSDC and the Gas Processing Facilities are planned to be located near BTSAD. Distances of the wells from the proposed EPS location are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7: WELL DISTANCES FROM PROPOSED LOCATION Well Distance BTSAD 0.045 km BTSDA 1.53 km BTSDB 1.17 km BTSDC 2.90 km
These wells shall be connected to production manifold and test manifold through individual well fluid lines.
2.5 Technology & Process Description
2.5.1 Feed Composition
The gas composition considered as the governing case for conceptualization of proposed EPS surface facilities (as it contains higher percentage of CO2, N2 and C5+ components) is given in Table – 8.
34 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
TABLE 8: GAS COMPOSITION Gas Composition Expected Gas Composition Components Mole% Methane 60.84 Ethane 3.03 Propane 0.27 i-Butane 0.16 n-Butane 0.13 i-Pentane 0.17 n-Pentane 0.27 Hexanes 3.73 Carbon Di-oxide 14.96 Nitrogen 16.44 Compressibility Factor, Z 0.9968 Specific Gravity 0.8892
2.5.2 Product Specifications
Following are the products, which have been envisaged from the proposed facilities: Sales Gas : Water and Hydrocarbon dew point of 00C CO2 < 6%, Inert (N2 etc) < 8% Condensate : Reid Vapour Pressure less than 12 psia
With reference to the gas composition of different objects, the proposed gas processing facilities are listed in Table – 9.
TABLE 9: PROCESS UNITS REQUIRED TO MEET PNGRB GUIDELINES Process Units
CO2 removal Unit √ GDU √ DPD √ N2 Removal Unit √
2.5.3 Scheme conceptualization
The surface facility conceptualised for development is as follows: Two trains of separation units each of having a processing capacity of 3.5 LSCMD Two trains of Gas conditioning system consists of CO2 and moisture removal, dew point control and nitrogen removal unit One train for stabilisation of condensate and produced water Associated utilities and offsite facilities.
2.5.3.1 Group header
The well fluid from each well shall be gathered in 8" group header at Gas Processing Facility. The group header & individual flow lines shall be having suitable isolation and shut down valves, temperature and pressure measurement and safety instruments for monitoring and control purposes.
35 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
2.5.4 Gas Processing Facilities
Centralised Gas Processing Facilities has been conceptualised near well BTSAD. With reference to the production profile, gas processing, condensate & effluent stabilisation and storage facilities are firmed up for the envisaged peak production of gas.
From the vertical flow analysis and the flow assurance studies, it is evident that the flowing tubing head pressure (FTHP) estimated as 488- 195 kg/cm2 for the entire life will be above 60 kg/cm2, and the temperature will be around 89 to 47°C.
At the Gas Processing Facility, the well fluid shall be received at a common group header/ manifold from the four wells and the details are as follows:
FIGURE 9: BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GAS PROCESSING FACILITY
2.5.4.1 High Pressure Low Pressure Safety Valves
Since the reservoir pressure and flowing tubing head pressures are very high, for safe operations, individual wells will have high pressure—low pressure hydraulically operated safety valves. These valves are self-actuated and no need of external hydraulic power. Further, to drop /step down the pressure, three/four bean arrangement will be used optimally to flow the well fluid to the Gas Processing Facility through the well fluid lines.
2.5.4.2 Test Header
4" test header will be used for well testing purposes which will have temperature and pressure measurement and safety instruments. The test header may also be used for
36 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
activation purpose whenever required. The group header and test header will have provision for 6 wells.
2.5.4.3 Test separators
The individual wells will be tested in the three phase test separator of Gas Processing Facility. Separated gas, condensate & water will be routed for further processing. A simple block diagram for Gas Processing Facility is shown in Figure 9.
2.5.4.4 Separation
Two separation trains each of having a processing capacity of 3.5 LSCMD of gas is conceptualised. The well fluid from group header will be routed to a 3-phase HP separator 101A & 101B operated at a pressure of around 60 kg/cm2. The excess pressure if any will be routed to a 12-inch flare header through pneumatically operated backpressure control valve. The liberated gas from the separator is routed to HP gas KOD and gas filter before routed to the gas conditioning units, where gas will be treated for removing CO2 and moisture, heavier hydrocarbons and Nitrogen.
2.5.4.5 Gas Conditioning
Saturated gas from HP Separators will be routed to the gas conditioning section which consists of CO2 removal, Gas dehydration, DPD unit, and N2 rejection unit.
I. CO2 Removal Unit Carbon dioxide present in the natural gas needs to be removed to increase the heating value of the gas, prevent corrosion of pipeline and gas process equipment and crystallization of CO2 during cryogenic process.
Membrane based system consisting of 2 units each having a capacity of 3.5 LSCMD. The broad specifications of the membrane module are as follows: Inlet pressure: 60 kg/cm2g Inlet Temperature: 30-45°C Gas flow rate: 3.5 LSCMD The outlet gas specification: CO2 < 2%, Water dew point: <0°C
The maximum pressure drop to be considered for the membrane scheme is 1 kg/cm2g.
Membrane Separation Process Membrane technologies potentially offer significant advantages over traditional gas separation operations. The features that make membrane technologies highly attractive for process separation units include the ability to separate chemical species without a phase change, low thermal energy requirements, simple process flow schemes with few rotary equipment, compact plant footprints and convenient start up and shutdown procedures. The details of the CO2 Removal System are given in Table-10.
TABLE 10: CO2 REMOVAL SYSTEM Sl. No. Process Technology Membrane 1 Mechanism/phase change Permeation 2 Stage of deployment of technology Commercial 3 CO2 inlet concentration Up to 90% 4 CO2 outlet concentration Down to 1-2%
37 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
Sl. No. Process Technology Membrane 5 Simultaneous H2S removal Possible 6 Typical Operating conditions, P, 20-100 7 Temperature,kg/cm2 °C < 60 8 Sweetened gas outlet Pressure, 20-100 9 Sweetenedkg/cm2 gas H2O Saturation Gas Dehydrated 10 Hydrocarbon Recovery/Losses 1 Stage: 8-15% 2 Stage: <2% 11 Acid gas outlet pressure, kg/cm2 <5.00 12 Footprint layout consideration Low 13 Main Equipment items Membrane module, Pre-treatment Module, Compressors (2+ stage 14 Energy requirements Lowprocesses)-medium (feed gas and inter-stage compression) 15 Comparative process cost, CAPEX Medium 16 Comparative process cost, OPEX 1 Stage: low 2+ Stage: medium
Schematic diagram of CO2 removal unit is shown in Figure-10.
FIGURE 10: SCHEMATIC MEMBRANE BASED CO2 REMOVAL UNIT
38 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
The membrane modules can be used in number of stages to recover the hydrocarbon. It requires compression system and hence additional power and inter-stage cooling systems are mandatory.
Advantages: Membrane has less weight and requires less space It has high adaptability to variation in CO2 content of feed gas Membranes are excellent dehydrators. Membrane has limited / no moving parts
Disadvantages:
Separated CO2 is at low pressure and requires additional compression for further use Pre-treatment is required
II. Dew point depression
Dew point depression can be carried out by the use of compact liquid refrigerant techniques which requires less space as compared to conventional propane refrigeration packages.
Skid mounted compact liquid refrigerant based DPD system consisting of 2 units each having a capacity of 3 LSCMD. The broad specifications of the membrane module are as follows:
Inlet Pressure: 59 kg/cm2g Inlet temperature: 30-45°C Outlet gas specification: Hydrocarbon dew point: 0°C at 55 kg/cm2g Each DPD unit consist of following equipment
Process description:
This scheme consist of three segments. 1. Refrigeration Loop consists of Compressors, exchangers, etc 2. MEG Loop consists of Accumulator, Pumps, exchangers, etc. 3. Gas Loop consists of Vertical KOD, exchangers, etc.
The refrigerant generally used for the above process is R-134A. Refrigerant shall be compressed to around 15 bar, followed by cooling through air cooled heat exchanger and then expanded to 1.5 bar by a JT valve. After expanding, the refrigerant will attain a temperature of around -15°C, which is used to cool the MEG solution to -11°C. The chilled MEG solution shall be circulated in an exchanger to achieve the incoming precooled gas to the hydrocarbon dew point of < 0°C. The chilled hydrocarbon gas will be routed to a KOD. The chilled gas from the KOD will be routed to an exchanger for cooling the incoming feed gas before leaving to N2 removal unit. The schematic is shown in the Figure 11.
39 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
FIGURE 11: SCHEMATIC OF COMPACT DEW POINT DEPRESSION UNIT
III. N2 Removal Unit
The N2 removal process includes cryogenic process, adsorption process and membrane process.
Two stage membrane based nitrogen removal system is envisaged for the present scheme. Processed gas booster compressors are required to compress the hydrocarbon enriched product gas which will be coming out from the 1st stage of membrane. Similarly to recycle the hydrocarbon stream from 2nd stage to inlet of the membrane system booster compressors are required. Gas engine driven compressor system with air cooled heat exchangers are envisaged to cool the compressed gas. The compressed sales gas as per pipeline specification is routed to the GAIL gas grid through a 47 km x 8" pipeline.
Skid mounted membrane based Nitrogen removal system consisting of 2 units each having a capacity of 3 LSCMD. The broad specifications of the membrane module are as follows:
. Inlet pressure: 58 kg/cm2g . Inlet Temperature: 30-45°C . Gas flow rate: 3 LSCMD . The outlet gas specification: N2 < 8% . Outlet pressure: 56 kg/cm2
Membrane
In this process, nitrogen rich stream will be rejected and a hydrocarbon rich stream will pass through the membrane as permeate. It is a two stages system to achieve higher hydrocarbon recovery. The flexibility of the membrane system allows for significant variations in inlet gas compositions and flow rate while achieving desired product specification. The processes for N2 removal are given in the Table 11.
40 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
TABLE 11: N2 REMOVAL PROCESS Sl. No. Process Technology Membrane 1 Mechanism/phase change Permeation 2 Stage of deployment of technology Commercial up to 25 MMSCFD 3 N2 inlet concentration Up to 90%
4 N2 in CH4 rich product gas 1 stage bulk 5 separation only 2+ stages <4% 6 Typical Flow Rate, MMSCFD 0.5-25 7 Hydrocarbon Recovery/Losses 1 Stage: High 2+ stages <2% 8 Footprint layout consideration Low 9 Main Equipment items Membrane module Pre-treatment modules 10 Energy requirements - 11 Comparative process cost, CAPEX Medium Comparative process cost, OPEX Medium
The block diagram of the membrane system is shown in the Figure 12.
FIGURE 12: SCHEMATIC OF MEMBRANE BASED NITROGEN REMOVAL UNIT
2.5.5 Condensate stabilization, storage and evacuation
The condensate from HP separators shall be heated to 40°C and routed to condensate separator which will be operating at 5 kg/cm2. The flue gases from the gas fired turbine can also be utilised for heating of condensate. Further the condensate is pumped to condensate storage tanks after stabilising in condensate stabiliser which will be operating at a pressure of 1.3 kg/cm2. The liberated gas from the condensate separator is compressed and sent to CO2 removal unit.
41 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
The stabilized condensate will be stored in condensate storage tanks (3 no’s x 150 m3 capacity) at Gas Processing Facility. From the tanks, condensate will be loaded in road tankers for further transportation to Tatipaka refinery. A tanker loading bays (3 no’s) have been provided with condensate loading pumps.
2.5.6 Off gas compressor
The gas liberated from the condensate separator shall be compressed from 5 kg/cm 2 to 60 kg/cm2 and fed to the CO2 removal unit. The off gas compressors shall be gas engine driven compressors with air cooled heat exchangers having a capacity of 15000 SCMD.
2.5.7 Gas supply
Processed Gas will be exported through 8"x 47 km pipeline to GAIL or direct to consumer via Lingala GGS at the destination Pressure of 35 kg/cm2g.
2.5.8 Produced water storage and evacuation
The produced water from the HP separators is routed to effluent stabiliser and further stored in the effluent storage tanks. From the tanks by means of effluent loading pumps, effluent will be loaded in road tankers for further transportation to nearest ETP.
2.5.9 Utilities Requirement for Gas Processing Facility
The required utilities such as power, instrument air, raw water etc. for the proposed Gas Processing Facilities are summarized below:
2.5.9.1 Plant/Instrument Air
A total of 500 m3/hr capacity air compressor and associated facilities are envisaged
2.5.9.2 Power Requirement
The total capacity of power generation facilities of Gas fired Power Plant have been envisaged to be around 0.5 MW considering the start-up and peak load requirements.
2.5.9.3 Raw/Service Water
Raw water requirement is considered as 20 m3/day consisting of 2 tanks each of 25 m3 capacity.
2.5.9.4 Loading system & Weigh Bridge package
Loading system and Weigh Bridge is a package item. There are 3 condensate loading bays and 2 effluent loading bays with loading arms.
2.5.9.5 Fuel gas system
The rejected gas from nitrogen removal unit is routed to the fuel gas system as the main source. However, provision from suitable other sources such as separators will also be made for uninterrupted fuel gas supply. The fuel gas system will have gas heater, fuel gas KOD and distribution system.
42 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
2.5.9.6 Firefighting system
Firefighting system consists of fire water storage tanks, jockey pumps, diesel driven fire water pumps, foam distribution system and other necessary accessories as recommended and required by the standards. The system is well defined to meet the industry standards and consists of Diesel storage for emergency generator and fire water pumps and distribution system.
2.6 Gas profile for sales, internal use:
The rejected gases from the N2 rejection unit shall be utilised as fuel to the gas engine based compressors and gas based power plant. The tentative fuel gas composition is given in Table 12.
TABLE 12: COMPOSITION OF N2 UNIT REJECT GAS Components C1 C2 C3 i-C4 n-C4 i-05 n-05 n-C6 CO2 N2 H2O Mole Fraction 0.525 0.025 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.026 0.417 0
The gas production profile, sales gas & gas required for internal use is shown in Table 13.
TABLE 13: GAS PROFILE FOR INTERNAL USE, SALES GAS & N2 UNIT REJECT GAS Sr. Year Gas Sales N2 unit reject gas, Internal Gas No.1 2016-17 Production5 2.63gas, LSCMD1.4 (41.7%6 N2 Use,0.57 LSCMD 2 2017-18 Rate, 7LSCMD LSCMD3.69 content)2.04 0.80 3 2018-19 7 3.69 2.04 0.80 4 2019-20 7 3.69 2.04 0.80 5 2020-21 7 3.69 2.04 0.80 6 2021-22 6.4 3.37 1.87 0.73 7 2022-23 5.75 3.03 1.68 0.66 8 2023-24 5.25 2.76 1.53 0.60 9 2024-25 4.8 2.53 1.40 0.55 10 2025-26 4.5 2.37 1.31 0.51 11 2026-27 4.1 2.16 1.19 0.47 12 2027-28 3.82 2.01 1.11 0.44 13 2028-29 3.58 1.89 1.04 0.41 14 2029-30 3.36 1.77 0.98 0.38 15 2030-31 3.2 1.69 0.93 0.37
Around 3.69 LSCMD of processed gas will be available for sales as per pipeline specification during peak production. However, the reject gas quantity from the N2 removal unit will be approximately 2.04 LSCMD having calorific value of 4880 kcal/m3. The maximum fuel gas quantity required will be 0.8 LSCMD for gas engine driven compressors and utility power requirement in the Gas processing facilities. Remaining 1.24 LSCMD reject gas from the N2 removal unit may be further utilised for other internal uses / sales.
43 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
2.7 Resource Requirement
2.7.1 Land Requirement
The land requirement for proposed EPS process facilities at Bantumilli South will be 17.4 acres (210 m X 335 m i.e. 70350 m2).
2.7.2 Water requirements
2.7.2.1 Source of Water and its management
Water will either be sourced from water well bore or tanker water Supply. Water requirement of approximately 20 m3/D is required for EPS. Associated water from produced water will be collected, separated and treated through Effluent Treatment Plant which will be further utilised for Green belt. The water requirement in EPS is mainly cooling and domestic use. Produced water storage and loading bay facilities to transfer produced water to Lingala ETP for further treatment and disposal to subsurface below 1000 m as per APPCB Norms. Waste Oil/Spent oil shall be sent to the Authorized Recyclers. The details of water requirement are given in Table 14
TABLE 14 : WATER REQUIREMENT - KLD Sl. Water required Wastewater Description No Fresh Water (M3/D) Treated (M3/D) Total water (M3/D) generation 1 Cooling 15 - - 3.5 2 Domestic 5 - 5 Total 20 - 5 3.5
Effluent Water The treated effluent will have the following characteristics pH : 6.5 – 8.5 Oil & Grease : < 50 ppm TSS : < 100 ppm
2.7.3 Workforce Arrangements
During Construction Phase, the Manpower Requirement is 25 persons. The EPS will be operated by approx. 8 persons per shift. The manpower will operate in two shifts with continuous operations.
2.7.4 Power Requirement at EPS
The total capacity of power generation facilities of Gas fired Power Plant have been envisaged to be around 0.5 MW considering the start-up and peak load requirements.
2.7.5 Chemical storage
The EPS will have normal storage facilities for fuel oil, required chemicals and the necessary tubulars and equipment. The storage places will be clearly marked with safe operating facilities and practices.
44 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter - 2: Production Description
2.7.6 Logistics
Crew transfers to and from the EPS, materials, diesel and chemicals will be through light vehicles, trucks and trailers.
2.8 Sources of Pollution
2.8.1 Noise Generating Sources
The main noise generating sources at the EPS site are Gas Engines and intermittent noise generation from office and stores activities, pumps, compressors, flares, Exchangers, vent and vehicular movement. The impact of noise emissions is minimized by acoustic enclosures.
2.8.2 Solid Waste Generation
The solid waste generated from the proposed project will be only in form of domestic municipal waste. Major sources of solid waste at the proposed EPS will be construction waste, waste oil and other domestic waste. Clearing of vegetation is not applicable as the site is already under the posession of ONGC and is already brought into Industrial use due to the existing well. Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste generation during the construction phase requires proper disposal. Spillages, if any; Waste oil generation can contaminate soil if not treated and disposed properly Domestic waste can contaminate soil, release air emissions and odour, create public nuisance and cause various diseases, if not contained and managed well
2.8.3 Sources of Air Pollution
The major source of air pollution during the proposed EPS operation will be continuously operating Gas Engines and Flare Stack. Each stack will be provided with adequate stack height for easy dispersion of gaseous emissions. Technical flaring is required. The flaring will result in emissions of CO2, water vapours, NO2 and other trace gases in case of natural gas flaring and particulates in case crude oil is flared. It is assumed that the occurrence of SO2 in the flare gas would be in traces or negligible. Flare stack will be 30 mts height. The associated vehicular movement will also result in dust pollution along the approach roads.
2.8.4 Sources of Water Pollution
The sources of water pollution are from waste oil, domestic utilisation and spills. Process water will be collected and treated in the ETP. Proper drainage system will be maintained at EPS Site for collecting the effluent water. Produced water storage and loading bay facilities are provided to transfer produced water to Lingala ETP for further treatment and disposal to subsurface below 1000 m as per APPCB Norms.
2.9 Applicable Rules & Regulations
The comprehensive list of Acts, Rules, Regulations and Notifications are guided by the proposed exploratory wells is given in Table 15.
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TABLE 15 : LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK S. No Description ACTS 1 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. 2 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 3 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 4 The Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 5 Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991. 6 The Explosives Act 1984 7 The Petroleum Act 1934 RULES & NOTIFICATIONS 1 Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000. 2 Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 3 EIA Notification, dated 14th September 2006. 4 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) (Amendment) Rules, 2010. Hazardous and other Wastes (Management and trans-boundary movement) Rules, 5 2016. 6 E – Waste Management Rules 2016. 7 Bio medical waste management rules, 2016 8 Solid waste management Rules 2016. 9 Plastic waste management rules 2016. 10 Construction and demolition waste management rules 2016. 11 Regulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Order, 2016. 12 Notification on Fly Ash, dated 25.01.2016. 13 EIA Notification, dated 14th September 2006. 14 The Petroleum Rules 2002 15 Petroleum and Natural Gas Rules, 2009 ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS Ambient Air Quality Standards W.R.T of Noise for different Areas/Zones, dated 1st 1 July 1999. 2 Ambient Air Quality Standards, dated 18th November 2009 3 Standards for Sewage Treatment Plant, dated 24th November 2015. 4 Diesel Generator Standards, 1986.
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3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Project Overview
This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers 10-km radius around the proposed EPS facility at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh.
The 10-km radius area around the proposed EPS facility, description of biological environment and Human environment such as environmental settings, demography & socio- economics, land-use/land cover, ecology & biodiversity have been carried out during study period. However, as a universally accepted methodology of EIA studies, physical environmental attributes such as Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Soil Quality, Noise Levels, Physiography, Hydrology, Odour, Solid Waste Generation have been studied at selective locations representing various land uses such as industrial, rural/residential, commercial and sensitive locations including the densely populated areas, agricultural lands, forest lands and other ecologically sensitive areas, if any falling within block area.
The existing environmental setting is considered to know the baseline environmental conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydro-geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology, land use and socio-economic profiles of people. The baseline studies are carried out in winter season covering 29th January 2018 – 22nd April 2018.
3.2 Hydrogeology and Geomorphology
3.2.1 Geo-Hydrological Studies
ONGC is proposing to establish Early Production System (EPS) at BTSAD, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. In order to assess the likely impacts from this facility on soils, ground water & surface water environs studies were conducted by focusing the Hydrogeological conditions in and around the project site. The details of the study are presented below.
3.2.2 Geomorphology
Proposed site area lies near the sea coast of Bay of Bengal. Physiographical the study area & its surroundings are divided into three geomorphological features viz., Younger Coastal Plains, Older Deltaic Plain, Active Flood Plains. The major landforms in study area are marine origin. The marine landforms including palaeo beach ridges, paleotidal flats, active beach and spit. These formation speared average distance of 5 km from the Bay of Bengal along the coast stretch. Active flood plains are observed along the Upputeru River.
Topographically the study area is less flat with local undulations. The altitudes of land surface vary from 10 m above in west to sea level in the east The different types of soil are encountered in study area are deltaic alluvial soils and coastal sands. Deltaic soils are very deep and highly fertile. These are seen mostly around the river stretch. The coastal sands are seen occurring as along coast.
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3.2.3 Rainfall & Climate
The study area and its surroundings is tropical humid type of climate with oppressive summer season and good seasonal rainfall. The summer season extends from March to May followed by southwest monsoon season, which lasts till September. October and November constitute the post monsoon or retreating monsoon season. December to February months experience cold weather condition. The average rainfall of the study area & its surroundings for the last 5 years (2013 t0 2017) is 1055 mm.
FIGURE 13 : ANNUAL RAINFALL Annual Rainfall of Study Area and Its Surroundings
1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800
Rainfall Rainfall mm in 700 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Years
Annual Rainfall Two Years Moving Average
3.2.4 Geology
The district is underlain by different geological formations comprising oldest Archaeans to Recent Alluvium. The rock types are classified as consolidated, semi-consolidated and unconsolidated formations. The consolidated formations include khondalites, charnockites & granitic gneisses of Archaean group, Deccan traps of Tertiary period. The semi consolidated formations are represented by tertiary and upper Gondwana formations like Rajahmundry & Tirupati sandstones and unconsolidated formations comprise deltaic and river alluvial deposits of Quaternary period.
Geologically, the proposed site and its surroundings are covered with Quaternary Alluvium of coastal origin and is acting as top surface layer. The alluvium is mainly composed of Sand, Silt and Clay with varying depths in different locations on all along the narrow coastal stretch of the area. These sandy coastal soils are saline. The general geological succession of study area given below Table 16.
TABLE 16 : GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF THE STUDY AREA Age System Formation Lithology Recent to Sub- Alluvium Gravel, Sand, silt and clay Laterite Recent Unconformity Conglomerate ferruginous, sandstone Mio-Pliocene Rajahmundry and clays Upper Basalt, Inter trappean beds and intra Cretaceous to Deccan Traps trappean marl and shales Lower Eocene
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Age System Formation Lithology Gritty and Ferruginous sandstone and Tirupathi Upper clays Lower Gondwana Raghavapuram Sandstone, shale and conglomerate Cretaceous to Gollapalli Sandstone and shale Lower Triassic Lower Chintalapudi Sandstone, shale and clays Gondwana Unconformity Khondalites, Charnockites, Granites & Archaean Gneisses
3.2.5 Hydrogeology
Groundwater occurs in all most all geological formation and its potential depends upon the nature of geological formations, geographical setup, and incidence of rainfall, recharge and other hydrogeological characters of the aquifer. In study area groundwater occurs in semi consolidated & unconsolidated formations.
The study area and its surroundings are occupied by unconsolidated formations comprising coastal and deltaic river alluvium and wind blow sand deposits the ground water is developed mostly through dug wells ranging in depth from 3.0 to 11.0 m bgl. Irrigation dug wells varies from 4.50 to 8.50 meters with 1.5 to 5.0 lps. However, the depth of fresh water aquifers varies considerably from place to place. In deltaic area ground water occurrence is controlled by landforms. In deltaic area also a lot of heterogeneity in hydrogeological conditions exist both spatially and vertically. Fresh water is generally limited to shallow to moderate depths only, deep aquifers are generally saline. Palaeo channels are favourable locations for fresh water aquifers. Ground water occurs under phreatic to confined conditions and is developed through shallow dug wells, filter point wells and shallow tube wells. The depth of dug wells ranges from about 2 to 7 m, while the depth of filter point wells varies from 5 to 13 m and the depth of tube wells varies from 40 to 80 m.
3.3 Land Use Studies
Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play important roles for identifying sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological balance in the development of the region.
3.3.1 Objectives
The objectives of land use studies are: To determine the present land use pattern; To analyse the impacts on land use due to plant activities in the study area; and To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis growth of plant activities in the study area and its associated impacts.
3.3.2 Methodology
For the study of land use, literature review of various secondary sources such as District Census Handbooks, regional maps regarding topography, zoning settlement, industry, forest etc., were taken. The data was collected from various sources like District Census Handbook, Revenue records, state and central government offices and Survey of India (SOI) Top sheets and also through primary field surveys.
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3.3.3 Land use Based on Secondary Data
The land use pattern in the Village Directory conform to the pattern of classification of land use as recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The Ministry has recommended the maintenance of records of land use pattern under the 9 categories as indicated in the district census handbook. Land use pattern described total land area of villages falling under the study area map. The details of land use pattern of 9 villages has been taken from district census handbook 2011 of Andhra Pradesh. Total Area 309.057 Sq.Km.
TABLE 17 : TABLE LANDUSE PATTERN IN STUDY AREA (IN HA) Total Area under Barren & Permanent Land Under Cultivable Fallows Current Net Geographical Non- Un- Pastures and Miscellaneous Waste Land Land other Fallows Area Area Agricultural cultivable Other Grazing Tree Crops etc. Area than Current Area Sown Uses Land Area Land Area Area Fallows Area
9928 1340.41 141.9 30.18 946.38 598 0 0 4676.43 Source: District census handbook 2011, district West Godavari, AP
Land under Cultivation The study area does not have any irrigated land. The un-irrigated land measures about 1340.41 ha and works out to about 70.38% of the total study area. Cultivable Waste This land includes which was cultivated sometime back and left vacant during the past 5 years in succession. Such lands may either be fallows or covered with shrubs, which are not put to any use. Lands under thatching grass, bamboo bushes, other grooves useful for fuel etc., and all grazing lands and village common lands are also included in this category. The study area comprises about 9.61% cultivable wastelands. Land not available for Cultivation The land not available for cultivation is 20.01% of the total study area.
3.3.4 Land Use Based on Satellite Imagery
Remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and interpreted for the BTSAF area for analysing the land use pattern of the study area. Based on the satellite data, land use/ land cover maps have been prepared.
Land use/Land Cover Classification System The present land use/ land cover maps were prepared based on the classification system prescribed by MoEF for the Oil and Gas Exploration projects. For explanation of each of the land use category, the details as given in Table-18 were considered.
TABLE 18 : LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Level I Level II Level III 1. Built-up land 1.1.1. Settlements 1.1. Built-up land 1.1.2. Industry/Institutional
area 2. Agricultural land 2.1. Cropped land 2.1.1. Double cropped 2.1.2. Karif irrigated 2.1.3. Karif un-irrgated 2.2. Fallow - 2.3. Plantation - 3. Forest 3.1. Evergreen/Semi- 3.1.1. Dense
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Level I Level II Level III evergreen 3.2. Degraded scrub land - 3.3. Forest blank 3.3.1. Degraded forest 3.3.2. Forest blank 3.4. Forest plantation - 4.1. Marshy/Swampy land - 4.2. Land with or without 4. Waste land scrub - 4.3. Sandy area (coastal) - 4.4. Barren rocky/stony waste/sheet rock areas - 5. Water bodies 5.1. River/Stream - 5.2. Lake/'reservoir/tank/canal - 5.3. Bay of Bengal - 6. Others 6.1. Shifting cultivation 6.1.1. Current 6.2. Mining area 6.2.1. Quarry/mining area 6.2.2. Mining/Industrial dump
Data Requirements IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS3 dated 31st January 2018 was acquired for land use pattern and was used for the mapping and interpretation. Besides, other collateral data as available in the form of maps, charts, census records, other reports and especially topographical survey of India maps are used. In addition to this, ground truth survey was also conducted to verify and confirm the ground features.
Methodology The methodology adopted for preparation of land use/ land cover thematic map is monoscopic visual interpretation of geocoded scenes satellite image and colour cartographic map will be developed based on field observations. The various steps involved in the study are preparatory field work, field survey and post field work.
Prefield Interpretation of Satellite Data The False Colour Composite (FCC) of IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS3 satellite data has been used for prefield interpretation work. Taking the help of top sheets, geology, geomorphology and by using the image elements the features are identified and delineated the boundaries roughly. Each feature is identified on image by their image elements like tone, texture, colour, shape, size, pattern and association. A tentative legend in terms of land cover and land use, physiography and erosion was formulated. The sample areas for field check are selected covering all the physiographic, land use/land cover feature cum image characteristics.
Ground Truth Collection Both top sheets and imagery were taken for field verification and a transverse plan using existing road network was made to cover as many representative sample areas as possible to observe the broad land use features and to adjust the sample areas according to field conditions. Detailed field observations and investigations were carried out and the land use features are noted on the imagery.
Post Field Work The base maps of the study area were prepared with the help of Survey of India top sheets. Preliminary interpreted land use and the land cover features boundaries from IRS
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Resourcesat-2 LISS3 False Colour Composite were modified in light of field information and the final thematic details were transferred onto the base maps. The final interpreted and classified thematic map was carto graphed. The cartographic map was coloured with standard colour coding and detailed description of feature with standard symbols. All the classes noted and marked by the standard legend on the map.
Final Output The final output would be the land use/land cover map numerals which were given different colour code for each category as shown in map. Area estimation of all features of Land use/Land cover categories was noted.
Observations The following are the main interpreted land use/land cover classes of the study area and their respective extent are given in hectares.
TABLE 19 : LULC AS PER SATELLITE IMAGERY Class Subclass Area in Hact Crop Land 802.24 Double Crop 1634.381 Agriculture Fallow Land 123.861 Plantation 3194.201 Built-up Rural 1023.217 Forest Mangroves 186.099 Sandy Area 93.708 Waste Lands Scrub Land 318.889 Aqua Culture Ponds 18279.965
Canal 337.253
River 3087.885 Water Bodies Sea 1670.997
Stream 40.528 Water Bodies 32.368 Swamp 588.267 Wet Lands Wet Lands 240.752 Grand Total 31654.611
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FIGURE 14: LANDUSE LAND COVER
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FIGURE 15: SATELLITE IMAGERY
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3.4 Soil Characteristics
Soil quality is the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function, within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality and support human health and habitation. Soil quality reflects how well a soil performs the functions of maintaining biodiversity and productivity, partitioning water and solute flow, filtering and buffering, nutrient cycling and providing support for plants and other structures. Thus, soil quality plays vital role in any particular geographical phenomenon of ecology as well as physico-chemical environment. The soil quality locations is given in Table 20, and soil sampling results is given in Table 21, soil standard classification is given in Table 22. Soil sampling Photos are provided in Figure 16 and Soil sampling Location map is provided in Figure 17.
TABLE 20 : SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS Code Sampling Location Longitude Latitude S1 Nagendrapuram 16.4231 81.4958 S2 Nagidipalem 16.4069 81.4925 S3 Project Site 16.4208 81.4997 S4 Dirusummaru 16.4722 81.515 S5 Gollavanithippa 16.4569 81505
FIGURE 16 : SOIL SAMPLING PHOTOS
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FIGURE 17 : SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
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TABLE 21 : SOIL QUALITY S.No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Loamy 1 Texture ---- clay Clay Sand clay clay a Sand % 8 12 76 10 8 b Silt % 7 10 9 8 8 c Clay % 85 78 15 82 84 2 Bulk Density g/cc 1.3 1.28 1.15 1.27 1.33 3 pH (1:5 Aq.Extraction) ---- 5.35 7.43 7.79 6.61 7.93 Conductivity (1:5 4 µS/cm Aq.Extraction) 4370 538 2170 677 2120 5 Exchangeable Sodium meq/100g 44.4 5.0 12.0 21.3 9.8 6 Exchangeable Potassium meq/100g 5.5 3.1 1.8 3.1 1.5 7 Exchangeable Calcium meq/100g 7.1 6.0 15.0 5.1 7.3 Exchangeable 8 meq/100g Magnesium 28.8 16.7 19.3 38.6 40.7 Cation Exchange 9 meq/100g Capacity 85.8 30.8 48.0 68.1 59.3 Sodium Absorption Ratio 10 ---- (SAR) 14.92 2.10 4.11 6.47 2.85 11 Available Nitrogen as N Kg/hac 411.6 205.1 120.8 219.4 299.1 Available Phosphorous 12 Kg/hac as P 4.3 4.4 5.7 17.8 8.5 13 Available Potassium as K Kg/hac 4302.0 2434.4 1223.2 2384.3 1208.6 14 Organic Carbon % 0.63 0.96 1.90 1.03 1.35 15 Organic Matter % 1.08 1.65 3.27 1.78 2.32 Water Soluble Chlorides 16 mg/kg as Cl 9027.9 1134.4 5010.3 4064.9 3261.4 Water Soluble Sulphates 17 mg/kg as SO4 956 156 83 582 404 18 Aluminium % 6.9 6.5 6.2 6.2 5.6 19 Total Iron % 4.4 4.1 6 3.9 3.4 20 Manganese mg/kg 292.4 502.3 1142.8 1878.0 1878.0 21 Boron mg/kg 42.5 35.8 57.4 364.0 40.0 22 Zinc mg/kg 69.7 61.7 99.0 574.0 228.0 23 Total Chromium as Cr mg/kg 102.2 72.9 93.1 102.8 91.4 24 Lead as Pb mg/kg 12.6 20.1 18.2 15.4 17.5 25 Nickel as Ni mg/kg 63.0 52.0 53.1 51.0 52.6 26 Arsenic as As mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 27 Mercury as Hg mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
TABLE 22 : SOIL STANDARD CLASSIFICATION Sl. No. Soil Test Classification 1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 moderately acidic
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Sl. No. Soil Test Classification 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity Up to 1.00 Average (µmhos/cm) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination (1ppm = 640 µmho/cm) 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon (%) Up to 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Up to 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient 5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Up to 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium, 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 6 Potash (Kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient Source: Hand Book of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Chemical Characteristics of the Soil The parameters considered for chemical analysis are: Soil reaction (pH), Electrical conductivity (EC), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)) Cations, like Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and Potassium, sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Macro nutrients like Available Nitrogen, total Organic carbon, organic matter Available phosphorus, available potassium.
Soil reaction (pH) The nutritional importance of pH is illustrated, thus hydrogen ion concentration has influence not only on, solubility of nutrients, but also upon facility with which these nutrients are absorbed by plants, even already in soil solution for e.g. Fe, Mn and Zn become less available as pH rises from 4.5 to 7 to 8. At pH 6.5 to7.0 utilization of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen becomes more available. In case of phosphorus it becomes less available to plant as pH increases above 8.5, due to its fixation in exchange complex of soil. For the five soil sample under consideration the pH ranges between 5.35 to 7.93 indicating soils are Neutral, slightly alkaline and slightly acidic.
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Electrical conductivity (EC) The salt content of the soils are estimated by EC measurements, and is useful to designate soils as normal or sodic (saline). Electrical conductivity is expressed as µmhos/cm at 25◦C, µsmhos/ cm or mmhos /cm or sm/cm. The EC of five soil samples is between 538 to 4370 µmhos/cm and are below the limits to be called as average in Nagidipalem & Dirusummaru, harmful to germination in Project Site and Harmful to crops in Gollavanithippa and Nagendrapuram. This could be due to the conversion of lands into aqua cultural ponds and utilisation of feed supplements.
Organic Carbon / Organic matter (%) Although accounting for only a small part of the total soil mass in mineral soils, organic matter influences physical, chemical, and biological activities in the soil. Organic matter in the soil is plant and animal residue which serves as a reserve for many essential nutrients, especially nitrogen. Determination of organic matter helps to estimate the nitrogen which will be released by bacterial activity for the next season depending on the conditions, soil aeration, pH, type of organic material, and other factors. The five soil samples under consideration contain 0.63 to 1.90 % organic carbon and 1.08 to 3.27 % organic matter, OM is calculated from organic carbon estimation. As per crop requirements the soils are having average sufficient to more than sufficient in Organic Carbon.
Exchangeable Calcium (Ca++) Calcium, an essential part of plant cell wall structure, provides for normal transport and retention of other elements as well as strength in the plant. It is also thought to counteract the effect of alkali salts and organic acids within a plant and soil acidity. The exchangeable calcium content of five soil samples ranges between 5.1 to 15.0 me/100gm soil
As per the physical data soils are clay having more bulk density, imperatively high water holding capacity, and slow permeability. As per physical characters soils are rated as average for agriculture. As per chemical characters soil reaction (pH) soils are Neutral, slightly acidic, slightly alkaline and electrical conductivity (EC) is saline. Organic matter is more than sufficient. Macro nutrient like nitrogen is good to sufficient and phosphorus is low to very low. Potassium is more than sufficient, calcium, magnesium is high and base saturation is high. Sodium is high and soils are of low quality for agriculture.
Cation Exchange capacity is high indicating good fertility. Exchangeable Ca is high with high base saturation, Ex K is high Ex Na is high indicating alkalinity. Sodium adsorption ratio indicates the soils are normal. In buffer area (block of development Wells), the soils of most of the area are mostly under Inceptisols order followed by Entisols, Alfisols and Vertisols. The study area is mostly flat land with local undulations. The area is under very deep followed by moderately deep soils. The study area is affected by moderate water erosion followed by severe, erosion. The entire study area is mostly occupied fish ponds. As per analysis of soil data and secondary information the soils in study area not suitable for agricultural activity.
Impact of the Project on the Soil Environment and its Mitigation Impact of any project on soil environment can be at different stages of project like construction phase and operational phase. Causes of impact can be air (Flue gas), Water (effluents) and solids (Waste and hazardous material).These impacts mostly confined within the project boundary.
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3.5 Meteorological Conditions
The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for input prediction models for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the region.
The year may broadly be divided into four seasons: Winter season : December to February Pre-monsoon season : March to May Monsoon season : June to September Post-monsoon season: October to November
3.5.1 Methodology
The methodology adopted for monitoring the surface meteorological conditions observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS : 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to generate the site-specific data. Data was collected every hour continuously from 29th January 2018 to 10th April 2018.
Methodology of Data Generation A Central Monitoring Station (CMS) equipped with continuous monitoring equipment was installed on top of a building at a height of 6 m above ground level to record wind speed, direction, relative humidity and temperature. The meteorological monitoring station was located in such a way that it is free from any obstructions and as per the guidelines specified under IS: 8829. Cloud cover was recorded by visual observation. Rainfall was monitored by using rain gauge.
The continuous recording meteorological instrument of Dynalab, Pune (Model No.WDL 1002) has been used for recording the met data. The sensitivity of the equipment is as given in Table-23.
TABLE 23:SENSITIVITY OF METEOROLOGY MONITORING EQUIPMENT Sr. No. Sensor Sensitivity 1 Wind speed Sensor ± 0.02 m/s 2 Wind direction Sensor ± 3 degrees 3 Temperature Sensor ± 0.2oC
Sources of Information Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest IMD station at Narsapur. The available meteorological data of IMD, Narsapur station has been collected for the past 10 years and analysed.
3.5.2 Presentation of Data
The meteorological data is collected from IMD - Narsapur, which is the nearest IMD station to the project site. The data collected from IMD includes wind speed, wind direction (recorded in sixteen directions), temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure; rainfall and cloud cover over a period of past 10 years. The monthly maximum, minimum and average values are collected for all the parameters except wind speed and direction.
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All these parameters are recorded twice a day viz at 0830 and 1730 hours. The collected data is tabulated in Table-24.
TABLE 24 METEOROLOGICAL DATA FROM IMD (1971-2000) Predominant Temperature(0C) Humidity % Rainfall Mean Wind Mont direction speed h Min Max High Lowe 8.30 17.30 Monthly Rainy (Kmph) 1st 2nd est st (mm) days Jan 19.7 28.7 30.5 17.4 88 69 15.0 0.8 1.7 NE E Feb 11.7 30.2 34.8 16.2 69 37 24.1 1.9 2.0 SE NE Mar 23.3 32.7 34.7 20.6 84 69 8.9 0.5 2.3 SW S Apr 25.6 34.3 36.4 22.6 76 69 36.2 1.8 3.1 SW S May 27.5 36.3 42.0 23.3 73 66 67.3 2.3 4.0 SW S June 27.1 35.2 40.1 23.1 73 67 105.2 5.9 4.9 SW S July 25.7 32.3 36.6 23.0 81 73 232.9 11.6 4.3 W SW Aug 25.5 31.6 34.5 23.2 83 76 227.3 11.3 4.3 W SW Sep 25.7 31.6 34.2 23.3 86 79 213.1 10.3 2.4 W SW Oct 24.5 30.8 33.0 21.9 86 80 230.0 10.9 1.8 NE E Nov 22.1 29.9 31.6 18.5 83 73 105.8 4.2 2.6 NE E Dec 19.8 28.5 30.0 17.0 81 68 19.4 1.2 2.3 NE E
Meteorological Data Generated at site The study of meteorological conditions forms an intrinsic part of the environment impact assessment study. The meteorological conditions of an area and the EPS process are both intertwined and each has a definite influence over the other. Favourable weather conditions and the surroundings help the successful operation of the ONGC activities, while the EPS Operation influences the weather in both positive as well as negative ways.
Wind speed and direction data recorded during the study period is useful in identifying the influence of meteorology on the air quality of the area. The meteorological data recorded at the site for the study period is given in Table 25.
TABLE 25 OBSERVED METEOROLOGICAL DATA ONSITE Temp (oC) Humidity (%) Rain fall Period wind direction Min Max Min Max (mm) January 2018 14 33 28 89 0.0 NE February 2018 16 36 5 96 0.0 SE March 2018 19 37 14 95 0.0 SW April 2018 22 40 24 89 0.25 SW
3.5.3 Wind Pattern
The detailed analysis of the wind pattern of the study area and wind pattern is drawn using software WRPLOT. The predominant wind direction from 29th January 2018 – 22nd April 2018 are shown in the Figure 18.
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FIGURE 18 : WIND ROSE FOR STUDY PERIOD
3.6 Ambient Air Quality
The study is essential to establish environmentally significant issues due to EPS Establishment being taken-up and critical environmental changes that have occurred since the initiation of such activities. For the ONGC BTSAD Site near Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations. Meteorological conditions on a synoptic scale Topography of the study area Representation of the regional background levels Representation of the plant site Influence of the existing sources Major settlements in the study area
Ambient air quality stations were set up at 6 different locations with consideration at above mentioned points. The locations were selected in downwind, cross wind and up wind of the proposed project. The common air pollutants namely Particulate matter (PM10 & PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), the nitrogen di oxide (NO2), Hydrocarbons, VOCs were sampled on 24 hourly and results were averaged to 24 hours to meet the requirements of the MoEF&CC and compared with the standards stipulated by CPCB.
The mono-aromatic hydrocarbons like Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-benzene and Xylene (BTEX) are considered as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs in ambient air originate from various biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Among the VOCs, benzene is regarded as carcinogen to humans. Among the selected VOCs pollutants, they follow a sequence as Xylene > Ethyl-benzene > benzene > toluene respectively. Their occurrence indicates the contribution of combustion of organic matter such as wood, petroleum product, motor vehicle emissions etc.
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The ambient air quality locations are given in Table 26 and their locations on map is shown in Figure 19 and Photos are provided as Figure 20. The ambient air quality results obtained are given in Table 27.
TABLE 26 : AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS Code Sampling Location Latitude Longitude Direction AQ1 Project site 16.4228 81.4994 -- AQ2 Nagendrapuram 16.4233 81.4961 Down wind AQ3 Gutlapoda 16.4384 81.4787 Cross wind AQ4 Losari 16.3989 81.4723 Down wind AQ5 Dayyaladibba 16.4360 81.5176 Up-wind AQ6 Gollavanitippa 16.4624 81.5078 Up-wind
FIGURE 19 : AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING PHOTOS
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FIGURE 20 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LOCATIONS
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TABLE 27 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS (for 3 months starting from January 2018) PM µg/m3 PM µg/m3 Code Location 10 2.5 Min Max Avg 98th %ile Min Max Avg 98th %ile AQ1 Project site 47.6 55.6 51.5 55.1 22.0 27.1 24.6 26.9 AQ2 Nagendrapuram 45.0 50.2 47.0 49.9 20.3 25.6 22.3 25.2 AQ3 Gutlapoda 40.0 42.3 41.2 42.3 19.3 21.6 20.5 21.6 AQ4 Losari 41.0 43.3 42.2 43.3 20.6 22.9 21.8 22.9 AQ5 Dayyaladibba 42.2 44.5 43.3 44.5 21.1 23.4 22.3 23.4 AQ6 Gollavanitippa 44.1 46.5 45.3 46.5 22.3 24.6 23.5 24.6 NAAQ Stds 100 µg/m3 60 µg/m3
SO µg/m3 NO µg/m3 Code Location 2 2 Min Max Avg 98th %ile Min Max Avg 98th %ile AQ1 Project site 7.4 10.9 9.2 10.8 8.5 12.3 10.2 12.0 AQ2 Nagendrapuram 8.3 11.5 10.0 11.4 10.1 12.8 11.4 12.7 AQ3 Gutlapoda 10.1 12.4 11.3 12.4 11.5 13.8 12.7 13.8 AQ4 Losari 7.8 10.1 9.0 10.1 8.9 11.2 10.1 11.2 AQ5 Dayyaladibba 8.1 10.4 9.3 10.4 9.8 12.1 11.0 12.1 AQ6 Gollavanitippa 9.3 11.6 10.5 11.6 10.8 15.1 12.9 15.1 NAAQ Stds 80 µg/m3 80 µg/m3
Ozone µg/m3 Ammonia µg/m3 Code Location Min Max Avg 98th %ile Min Max Avg 98th %ile AQ1 Project site 5.6 9.4 353 9.3 7.5 9.4 8.5 9.4 AQ2 Nagendrapuram 2.4 8.2 341 8.1 7.5 9.6 8.5 9.6 AQ3 Gutlapoda 4.0 5.6 331 5.6 4.1 7.2 6.4 7.2 AQ4 Losari 3.5 6.5 352 6.3 4.1 5.4 4.7 5.3 AQ5 Dayyaladibba 3.9 6.3 321 6.2 4.5 6.8 5.6 6.7 AQ6 Gollavanitippa 3.5 7.1 295 7.1 6.5 8.6 7.7 8.6 NAAQ Standards 100 µg/m3 400 µg/m3
Hydrocarbon, µg/m3 CO, µg/m3 Code Location 98th 98th Min Max Avg Min Max Avg %ile %ile AQ1 Project site 198.2 219 208.3 217.7 300 353 324 353 AQ2 Nagendrapuram 190.1 209.3 202.9 208.3 245 341 291 332 AQ3 Gutlapoda 172.2 205.4 185.4 201.6 301 331 313 327 AQ4 Losari 183.6 214.5 200.5 213.8 305 352 318 342 AQ5 Dayyaladibba 168.3 191.9 177.2 191.6 248 321 305 320 AQ6 Gollavanitippa 159.6 192.3 173.2 190.9 239 295 267 295 NAAQ Standards - 200 µg/m3
Methane , µg/m3 Non Methane , µg/m3 Code Location Min Max Avg 98th %ile Min Max Avg 98th %ile AQ1 Project site 125 142 135 141 68.4 78 72 77.7 AQ2 Nagendrapuram 130.2 141.1 136.4 140.6 59.9 71.2 66.5 70.9 AQ3 Gutlapoda 115.4 141.2 125.0 137.9 45.8 66.1 60.4 65.7 AQ4 Losari 120.1 139.4 131.9 139.3 59.5 75.1 68.6 74.9 AQ5 Dayyaladibba 116 127 122.3 126.6 47.8 68.4 54.9 67.7 AQ6 Gollavanitippa 108 122 115.4 121.1 49.5 75.4 57.7 73.2
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Benzo-alfa- Benzene, Pyrene, Lead as Nickel as Arsenic as Code Location µg/m3 Maximum Pb, µg/m3 Ni, ng/m3 As, ng/m3 ng/m3 AQ1 Project site <0.01 0.13 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 AQ2 Nagendrapuram <0.01 0.28 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 AQ3 Gutlapoda <0.01 0.23 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 AQ4 Losari <0.01 0.19 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 AQ5 Dayyaladibba <0.01 0.27 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 AQ6 Gollavanitippa <0.01 0.67 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 NAAQ Standards 5 µg/m3 5 ng/m3 1 µg/m3 20 ng/m3 6 ng/m3
All the AAQ values are observed to be well within the permissible limits as there is no development near the EPS Locations. Project site is showing the highest PM10 Value of 3 55.6. PM 2.5 of Project site is the highest with 27.1 µg/m . SO2 is highest in Gutlapoda 12.4 3 3 µg/m & NO2 is highest in Gollavanitippa 15.1 µg/m . Ozone levels are more in Project site (9.4 µg/m3). Ambient Air Quality Data for the monitoring period is provided as Annexure II.
3.7 Water Quality Assessment
Groundwater and surface water collected from the study area to assess the water quality during the study period. Surface Water locations are given in Table 28, and groundwater locations are given in Table 29. The analysis results of surface and ground water is given in Table 30 and Table 31. The sampling location map is given in Figure 21 and Photos are provided in Figure 22.
TABLE 28 SURFACE WATER LOCATIONS Code Sampling Location Latitude Longitude SW1 Nagidipalem (River Canal Water) 16.4047 81.4914 SW2 Yanamadurru 16.4908 81.5222 SW3 Ramayanapuram 16.4639 81.5097 SW4 Pathapadu 16.3839 81.4861
TABLE 29 GROUNDWATER LOCATIONS Code Sampling Location Latitude Longitude GW1 Nagendrapuram 16.4231 81.4983 GW2 Nagidipalem 16.4064 81.4922 GW3 Kalipatnam 16.3875 81.5442 GW4 Pathapadu 16.3853 81.4944 GW5 Gollavanipeta 16.4647 81.5042 GW6 Yanamadurru 16.4897 81.5289 GW7 Ramayanapurram 16.4583 81.5081
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FIGURE 21 WATER SAMPLING PHOTOS
Surface Water
Ground Water
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FIGURE 22 WATER SAMPLING LOCATION MAP
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TABLE 30 : SURFACE WATER QUALITY S. No Parameters UOM SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 1 pH - 6.8 7.21 7.12 6.9 2 Colour Hazen 6 4 4 8 3 Conductivity µS/cm 8540 1400 1600 25800 4 TDS mg/l 4961 825 953 15179 5 DO mg/l 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.7 6 BOD mg/l 3.5 <3 <3 7.6 7 COD mg/l 12 <5 <5 25 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 1481.9 346.9 415.5 5298.6 9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 250.8 108.6 125.8 1050 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 280.0 78.5 95.6 1083.4 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 190 36.6 42.9 629.4 12 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 2566.0 346.5 395.6 6863.0 13 Residual free chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 14 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l 2.5 1.2 0.9 4.2 15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 368.3 85.4 104.5 1963.5 16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.2 17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 2.2 1.8 2.3 5.6 18 Sodium as Na mg/l 1243 154.3 165.5 3326.5 19 Potassium as K mg/l 60 12.4 19.4 256.4 20 Total Boron as B mg/l 1.2 0.5 0.9 2.5 21 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 22 Cyanides mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 23 Oil & grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 25 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.35 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.12 0.02 0.06 0.24 28 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.65 0.18 0.32 1.02 29 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 30 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.32 0.05 0.08 0.86 32 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.08 <0.01 <0.01 0.36 33 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 34 SAR - 14.1 3.6 3.5 19.9 35 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 Anionic detergents as MBAS mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 37 Total Coliforms MPN/100 925 425 682 1586 38 E.Coli Absent 5 8 2 10
3.7.1 Surface Water Quality
The analysis of results indicate that pH is found to be in the range of 6.8-7.2, which is well within the specified standard 6.5-8.5. The TDS was observed to be in the range of 825.0-953.0 mg/l. DO was observed to be in the range of 5.7-6.1 mg/l. The chlorides and sulphates were found to be in the range of 346.5-395.6 mg/l and 85.4-104.5 mg/l respectively and are well within the permissible limits, expect nagidipalem and pathapadu villages. It is evident from the above values that all the parameters are well within the permissible limits. Bacteriological studies reveal the absence of E. coli forms (Nagidipalem village analysis parameters like TDS, chloride and sulphates were found to be 4961 mg/l, 2566 mg/l, 368.3 mg/l respectively and Pathapadu village analysis parameters like TDS, chloride and sulphates were found to be 15179 mg/l, 6863 mg/l, 1963.5 mg/l respectively because of the influence of backwaters).
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TABLE 31 : GROUND WATER QUALITY Unit of IS: 10500 S.No Parameters GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 Measurements Limits 1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5(NR) 7.6 7.7 7.6 6.6 7.5 7 7.21 2 Colour Hazen 5(15) 4 5 5 8 6 7 6 3 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4 Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 426 404 1863 2845 956 1578 815 6 Turbidity NTU 1(5) 1 1 2 4 2 3 2 7 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 268 256 1152 1734 605 977 515 8 Total Hardness as mg/l 200(600) CaCO3 110.2 104.8 512.5 807.0 246.3 456.3 229.6 9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 92.8 105.3 386.9 425 192.2 325.8 185.4 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 27.3 25.8 102.3 185.5 64.6 95.6 52.5 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 10.2 9.8 62.4 83.4 20.6 52.8 23.9 12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2(1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 13 Boron as B mg/l 0.5(1.0) 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.02 14 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 73.5 54 296.5 588.9 152.6 235.4 114.6 15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 10.8 13.3 92.4 132.1 56.6 98.2 47.8 16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.6 0.3 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.6 17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 3.2 2.4 14.2 22.3 8.2 12.1 6.2 18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 45 42 185.5 262.7 102.3 146.9 78.4 19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 4.2 3.2 10.2 32.4 6.8 8.8 5.2 20 Phenolic mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Compounds 21 Cyanides as CN mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.5(NR) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.003 (NR) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01(0.05) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05 (1.5) <0.01 <0.01 0.002 0.05 0.01 0.02 <0.01 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.01 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1 (0.3) <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.08 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(NR) 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.09 0.02 30 Total Chromium as mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01 0.03 0.08 <0.01 0.02 <0.01
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Cr 31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.23 0.06 0.13 0.05 33 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) <0.01 <0.01 0.04 0.06 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 Ammonia as Total mg/l 0.5(NR) Ammonia-N 2.2 1.5 3.2 5.6 2.3 4.5 1.8 37 Silver as Ag mg/l 0.1(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 38 Molybdenum as Mo mg/l 0.07(NR) 0.01 0.03 0.13 0.23 0.09 0.18 0.06 39 Barium as Ba mg/l 0.7(NR) 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.03 0.12 0.09 40 Sulphide as H2S mg/l 0.05(NR) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 41 Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml 10 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 42 E.Coli MPN/100 ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
3.7.2 Ground Water Quality
The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 6.6 to 7.7, which is well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 104.8 to 512.5 mg/l except pathapadu village, it is found that 807 mg/l. The hardness was found to be well within the limit of 600 mg/l at all locations. Chlorides at all the locations were within the permissible limit, ranging in between 54.0 to 588.9 mg/l. Fluorides were observed to be ranging in between 0.3 to 1.2 mg/l and are found to be within the permissible limit. Nitrates are found to be in range of 2.4 – 22.3 mg/l. Bacteriological studies reveal that no coliform bacteria are present in the samples. The heavy metal contents were observed to be in well within the limits.
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3.8 Noise Environment
The environmental impact of noise from any development activity can be assessed by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses. The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the noise levels expected to be generated by the commissioning and operation of the EPS around it.
3.8.1 Sources of noise
The main sources of noise in the study area are domestic activities, commercial activities, industrial activities and vehicular traffic.
3.8.2 Noise monitoring locations
Baseline noise levels have been monitored at three (3) locations within the study area, using a sound level meter. The noise level monitoring has been conducted for assessment of existing noise level status, keeping in view the land use pattern and anthropogenic activities. The day levels of noise have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and the night levels during 10 pm to 6 am. The noise monitoring locations is given in Table 32, the noise monitoring map is shown in Figure 23 and Photos of the same are provided in Figure 24.
TABLE 32: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS Code Sampling Location *Noise Zone Latitude Longitude N1 Nagendrapuram D 16.4261 81.4967 N2 Nagidipalem D 16.4044 81.4928 N3 Project Site A 16.4219 81.4994 Note: * Area Code as per the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000: A- Industrial Area, B- Commercial Area, C- Residential Area, D- Silence Zone
FIGURE 23 : NOISE MONITORING PHOTOS
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FIGURE 24 NOISE MONITORING LOCATION
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3.8.3 Results and discussions
The noise monitoring results are tabulated in Table 33
TABLE 33 SUMMARY OF MONITORED AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY Location Code N1 N2 N3 *Zone D D A L10 38.4 42.0 45.2 L50 36.5 41.2 44.0 L90 35.3 39.7 42.2 Leq 36.6 41.3 48.3 Lmin 30.7 32.1 33.6 Lmax 46.7 49.9 56.5 Lday 39.7 45.3 50.0 Lnight 32.7 35.8 37.8 CPCB Standards Lday 50 50 75 Lnight 40 40 70 Note: * Area Code as per the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000: A- Industrial Area, B- Commercial Area, C- Residential Area, D- Silence Zone Source: EIA Studies
The day and night equivalent noise levels observed in the monitored industrial area, i.e., ONGC Site during the study period are 50.0 dB(A) and 37.8 dB(A) respectively, indicating ambient noise levels within the standards suggested by CPCB.
The day and night equivalent noise levels observed in the residential areas during the study period are ranging between 39.7 to 45.3 dB (A) and 32.7 to 35.8 dB (A), which are within the standards suggested by CPCB. Noise generating activities are limited due to only farming and general anthropogenic activities in the villages.
3.9 Bio Diversity – Flora and Fauna
Ecological studies are one of the important aspects of Environmental Impact Assessment with a view to conserve environmental quality and biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise of both plant and animal communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the abiotic components a viz. physical and chemical components of the environment.
Generally, biological communities are good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors. Studies on biological aspects of ecosystems are important in Environmental Impact Assessment for safety of natural flora and fauna. The biological environment includes terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
The animal and plant communities co-exist in a well-organized manner. Their natural settings can get disturbed by any externally induced anthropological activities or by naturally occurring calamities or disaster. So, once this setting is disturbed, it sometimes is either practically impossible or may take a longer time to come back to its original state. Hence, changes in the status of flora and fauna are an elementary requirement of Environmental Impact Assessment studies, in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity. Information on flora and fauna was collected within
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the study area. Relevant details on aquatic life within the study area were collected from related government offices.
The present report gives the review of published secondary data and the results of field sampling conducted during winter season 2018.
3.9.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies
The present study was undertaken with the following objectives: To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the block area; To assess the distribution of animal life spectra; To study inventory of flora and fauna in proposed block area To prepare status report of flora and fauna in proposed block area To understand the productivity of the water bodies; and To ascertain migratory routes of fauna and possibility of breeding grounds.
3.9.2 Methodology adopted for the Survey
To achieve the above objectives, a detailed study of the entire project area was undertaken. The different methods adopted were as follows: o Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature and Government agencies; o Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area; o Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and their uses; and o Gathering data for ethno-biology.
3.9.3 Study Period
The study period is January-March 2018.
3.9.4 Scope, Aim & Objectives
Evaluation of the biodiversity scenario of the project area. To understand ecological setting of the project area in terms of National Parks / Wildlife Sanctuary / Forests / Tiger reserve / Eco-sensitive attributes / Wetlands / Creeks / Mangroves / Breeding and Nesting sites / Biosphere Reserve/ Tiger Reserves and Elephant corridor etc. within project study area. To report Schedule, threatened, rare, endangered and endemic species within the project area. To evaluate the likely impact of the proposed project activities and its aspects on surrounding habitats / floral and faunal components of the project study area. To suggest / prepare action plan to mitigate likely impacts on the biodiversity of the project area through green belt development (by following CPCB guidelines).
3.9.5 Field Data Collection / Inventory
Biodiversity of flora-fauna reported from the project region have been used to generate the biological database of the study area. Details of reference are given in the references section of the report.
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3.9.6 Forest block with in block area
There is no Reserve Forest within the Study Area of the EPS Project.
3.9.7 Terrestrial Ecological Status: Primary Survey
A preliminary survey was made in the study block area. The primary data was generated through: 1. Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the study area. This would indicate the biodiversity for wild and cultivated plants.. 2. Determining the bird population of migratory and local birds by taking 10 random readings at every location; 3. Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles, noting their calls, droppings, burrows, pugmarks and other signs; and 4. Local inhabitants were interviewed for uses of plants and animals and to get ethno biological data.
The sampling locations for ecological study of the project are given in Table-34 and Figure-25.
TABLE 34 DETAILS OF TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS Station Code Name of the Station Coordinates TE-1 Perupalem 16º 24’ 06.11”N, 81º 34’ 46.59” E TE-2 Mutyalapalli 16º 24’ 06.26”N, 81º 34’ 04.59” E TE-3 Kottata 16º 23’ 54.67”N, 81º 32’ 51.70” E TE-4 Kalipatnam 16º 23’ 36.67”N, 81º 32’ 03.29” E TE-5 Pathapadu 16º 23’ 04.88”N, 81º 29’ 35.69” E TE-6 Nagidipalem 16º 24’ 14.85”N, 81º 29’ 39.44” E TE-7 Lakshmipuram 16º 23’ 42.55”N, 81º 26’ 49.58” E TE-8 Darithippa 16º 24’ 20.76”N, 81º 30’ 30.03” E TE-9 Matsyagada 16º 25’ 12.95”N, 81º 31’ 03.82” E TE-10 Jagannathapuram 16º 25’ 07.61”N, 81º 30’ 39.93” E TE-11 Deyyalathippa 16º 26’ 10.51”N, 81º 31’ 06.11” E TE-12 Ramayanapuram / 16º 27’ 49.20”N, 81º 30’ 42.50” E Gollavanitippa
FIGURE 25 : SURVEY PHOTOGRAPHS
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3.9.8 Status of Terrestrial Bio diversity
A proposed project site is situated in the in Bhimavaram tehsil of the West Godavari district. Agriculture crops mainly includes paddy, Coconut, Banana and mango and vegetable crops. Coconut plantations are dominant in the region. Sandy coastal areas are possesses with Casuarina plantations. Similarly, aquaculture (pisiculture and prawn farms) are predominant in the Bhimavaram region of West Godavari district. Most of the agricultural lands are converted into aquaculture ponds.
Flora Proposed project site is existing drill site which is in possession of M/S ONGC Ltd. Some common floral species recorded from site includes Calotropis gigantea, Ipomoea aquatica, Cynodon dactylon and Alternenthera species. The entire area was surrounded by Aquaculture Farms.
FIGURE 26 : FLORA IN STUDY AREA
Calotropis gigantea Ipomoea aquatica
Cynodon dactylon Alternenthera sp.
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Methodology for the study for Flora Species The methodology adopted to collect information on flora and fauna from core and buffer areas are as given below:
Floral Diversity The aim of the present study was to enumeration of the available plant resources including endangered species and obtaining a broad representation of the existing floristic variations in the core (proposed project area) and buffer area (10 km radius from the proposed project). By crisscross walking in the core and buffer areas for the primary survey, all the species encountered were identified and recorded. Identification of plants was done using different books on flora like [Gamble (1915-36), Saxena & Brahmam (1994-96), Pullaiah & Chennaiah (1997), Pullaiah & Ali Moulali (1997), Pullaiah (1997) and Chetty et. al., (2007)]. Unidentified specimens were taken to the Herbarium of the Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Circle, Hyderabad and identified with the help of available experts.
Phyto-sociology Phytosociological study was carried out following Random Quadrate Sampling method. In order to accommodate maximum representation of different types of plant species, sample plots were laid in selected places in different parts of study area of project that contain natural vegetation. Quadrates of 10 m X 10 m (100 squre meters) size were randomly laid to study tree species. Within these sample plots, sub-plots of 5 m x 5 m were laid down randomly for studying the shrub layer and regeneration of tree species. For information on ground layer including herbaceous species, quadrats of 1 m x 1 m size were laid down randomly.
Quantitative analysis The primary data recorded by laying quadrats were utilized to derive density, frequency and abundance following standard phyto-sociological methods of Mishra (1968). Important Value Index for trees only was estimated following the formula developed by Cottam and Curtis (1956) taking into consideration of relative frequency, relative density and Relative Dominance. Species diversity indices like Shannon-Wiener Index (H') and Simpson’s Index () were calculated as per Magurran (1988). Formulae used for various calculations are as given below:
Density: It is an expression of the numerical strength of a species where the total number of individuals of each species in all the quadrats is divided by the total number of quadrats studied. Density is calculated by the equation:
Total number of individuals in all quadrats Density (D) = Total number of quadrats studied
Frequency: This term refers to the degree of dispersion of individual species in an area and usually expressed in terms of percentage occurrence. It was studied by sampling the study area at several places randomly and recorded the name of the species that occurred in each sampling units. It is calculated by the equation:
Total number of quadrats of occurrence of a species Frequency (F) = X 100 Total number of quadrats studied
Abundance: It is the study of the number of individuals of different species in the community per unit area. By quadrates method, samplings are made at random at several places and the number of individuals of each species was summed up for all the quadrates
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divided by the total number of quadrates in which the species occurred. It is represented by the equation:
Total number of individuals in all quadrats Abundance (A) = Total number quadrats of occurrence
Important Value Index: This index is used to determine the overall importance of each species in the community structure. In calculating this index, the percentage values of the relative frequency, relative density and relative dominance are summed up together and this value is designated as the Importance Value Index. IVI is calculated only for tree category.
Relative Density: Relative density is the study of numerical strength of a species in relation to the total number of individuals of all the species and can be calculated as:
Number of individuals of a species Relative Density (RD) = X 100 Total number of individuals of all species
Relative Frequency: The degree of dispersion of individual species in an area in relation to the number of all the species occurred.
Number of occurrences of a species Relative Frequency (RF) = X 100 Total number of occurences of all species Relative Dominance: Dominance of a species is determined by the value of the basal cover. Relative dominance is the coverage value of a species with respect to the sum of coverage of the rest of the species in the area.
Basal area of individual speceis Relative Dominance (RDo) = X 100 Basal area of all speceis
The total basal area was calculated from the sum of the total diameter of all trees. The basal area was measured at breast height (1.5 m) and by using the formula πr2.
Shannon’s diversity index and Simpson’s index of dominance by using the following equation.
Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') = - pi ln pi Simpson’s Dominance index () = pi2 Where, pi is the proportion of individuals of the ith species; pi = Ni / N Ni is the number of individuals in the ith species and N is the total number of individuals of all species in the stand
Biodiversity database of the region reveals the presence of 74 plant species from various habitats of the region, which includes 34 species of trees, 9 climbers, 22 herbs, 1 grass and 8 shrub species. Taxonomic account for all species is given bellow
TABLE 35 EXISTING FLORAL SPECIES IN THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITE S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name Family 1 Tree Ailanthus excelsa Aralu, Peda manu Simaroubaceae 2 Tree Anacardium occidentale Munthamamidi Anacardiaceae 3 Tree Acacia spp - Mimosaceae
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S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name Family 4 Tree Annona reticulata Ramphal Annonaceae 5 Tree Anogeissus latifolia shirimanu, sirimanu, yelama Combretaceae 6 Tree Azadirachta indica Vepa Meliaceae 7 Tree Bombax ceiba Salmali, Erra buruga Bombacaceae 8 Tree Borassus flabellifer Palmyra palm Arecaceae 9 Tree Butea superba Palasha, Teega moduga Fabaceae 10 Tree Carica papaya Boppayi Pand Caricaceae 11 Tree Casuarina equisetifolia Saruguda Casuarinaceae 12 Tree Cleistanthus collinus kadise, korshe, korsi, vadise Euphorbiaceae 13 Tree Cocos nucifera kobbari chettu, Coconut Arecaceae 14 Tree Dalbergia paniculata -- Fabaceae 15 Tree Delonix regia Gulmohar Caesalpiniaceae 16 Tree Emblica officinalis Usiri, Usirikaya Phyllanthaceae 17 Tree Eucalyptus tereticornis Neelagiri Myrtaceae 18 Tree Ficus hispida Kakodumbara, bomma-medi Moraceae 19 Tree Helicteres isora Avartani, Chemali nara Sterculiaceae 20 Tree Lannea coromandelica Ajasrngi Anacardiaceae 21 Tree Madhuca longifolia Madhuuka, Ippa Sapotaceae 22 Tree Mangifera indica -- Anacardiaceae 23 Tree Mimusops elengi Spanish cherry, Maulsari Sapotaceae 24 Tree Moringa oleifera Mochakamu, Mulaga Moringaceae 25 Tree Musa paradisiaca Banana Musacea 26 Tree Murraya koenigii Karivepa, karepaku Rutaceae 27 Tree Oroxylum indicum Pampini , Shyonaka Bignoniaceae 28 Tree Phyllanthus emblica Usiri Euphorbiaceae 29 Tree Psidium guajava Guava, Amrood Myrtaceae 30 Tree Punica granatum Pomegranate, Anar Lythraceae 31 Tree Terminalia tomentosa Asan, Indian Laurel Combreteaceae 32 Tree Wrightia tomentosa adaviankudu Apocynaceae 33 Tree Xylia xylocarpa kondatangedu, konda tangedu Fabaceae 34 Tree Ziziphus mauritiana Regu Rhamnaceae 35 Climber Asparagus species Pilli tegalu Asparagaceae 36 Climber Caesalpinia bonduc Kuberaksha, Gachchakaya Caesalpiniaceae 37 Climber Cardiospermum halicacabum buddakakara, ekkudutige Sapindaceae 38 Climber Cissampelos pareira Velvet Leaf, Menispermaceae 39 Climber Coccinia grandis Donda kaya Cucurbitaceae 40 Climber Convolvulus species -- Convolvulaceae 41 Climber Mucuna pruriens Kapikacchu, Pilliadugu Fabaceae 42 Climber Piper nigrum Miryalatige Piperaceae 43 Climber Tribulus Cinnpalleru Zygophylaceae 44 Grass Cynodon species Ghericha, gerichagaddi Poaceae 45 Herb Achyranthes aspera Uttareni Amaranthaceae
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S. No. Habit Scientific Name Common Name Family 46 Herb Adhatoda Vasica addasaramu Acanthaceae 47 Herb Alternanthera sessilis Ponnaganti kura Amaranthaceae 48 Herb Amaranthus viridis chilaka-thotakoora Amaranthaceae 49 Herb Boerhavia diffusa Punarnava Nyctaginaceae 50 Herb Cleome gynandra Vaminta, Thella vamita Capparidaceae 51 Herb Commelina benghalensis neerukaassuvu, nirukassuvu Commelinaceae Budaga tamara, Gurra pudekka 52 Herb Eichhornia crassipes Pontederiaceae moka 53 Herb Evolvulus nummularius Roundleaf Bindweed Convolvulaceae 54 Herb Gomphrena celosioides Coastal Globe Amaranth Amaranthaceae 55 Herb Heliotropium species -- Boraginaceae 56 Herb Manselia minuta -- Marsileaceae 57 Herb Marsilea quadrifolia -- Marsileaceae 58 Herb Nelumbo nucifera Lotus, Tamara, Erra-tamara Nelumbonaceae 59 Herb Pistia stratiotes Akasatamara, Antara tamara Araceae 60 Herb Psoralea corylifolia Bakuchi Fabaceae 61 Herb Salvinia molesta -- Salviniaceae 62 Herb Sida cordata benda, gayapaku, tirunala Malvaceae 63 Herb Trapa natans Kubyakam, Pandi gadda Lythraceae 64 Herb Tridax procumbens Gaddi chamanti Asteraceae 65 Herb Typha elephantina -- Typhaceae 66 Herb Zingiber officinale Ginger, Allamu chettu Zingiberaceae 67 Shrub Abutilon indicum Thuthurabenda Malvaceae 68 Shrub Calotropis species Jilledu Asclepiadaceae 69 Shrub Cissus quadrangularis Nalleru Vitaceae 70 Shrub Costus speciosus Kebuka, kasmiramu Costaceae 71 Shrub Dodonaea viscosa Bandaru, Pullena Sapindaceae chimachipuru, jibilike, chitti jana, 72 Shrub Grewia hirsuta Tiliaceae jibilika 73 Shrub Lantana camara Pulikampa Verbenaceae 74 Shrub Tamarix species -- Tamaricaceae
Simpson’s diversity index of the plants in the study area is based on the total number of all species. The Simpson’s Diversity Index for herbs, shrubs and trees is shown in Table-36. Diversity of trees is comparatively good with respect to herbs and shrubs cover.
TABLE 36 PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TREES IN STUDY AREA Tree F D/ha A/ha IVI pi ln pi pi2 Ailanthus excelsa 33.33 77.78 233.3 27.07 -0.258 0.0151 Anacardium occidentale 27.78 88.89 320.0 31.4 -0.276 0.0197 Acacia spp 33.33 88.89 266.7 36.96 -0.276 0.0197 Annona reticulata 16.67 72.22 433.3 17 -0.248 0.013 Anogeissus latifolia 33.33 88.89 266.7 24.41 -0.276 0.0197 Azadirachta indica 66.67 150 225.0 49.9 -0.341 0.0561
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Tree F D/ha A/ha IVI pi ln pi pi2 Bombax ceiba 11.11 27.78 250.0 7.964 -0.137 0.0019 Borassus flabellifer 27.78 100 360.0 23.28 -0.291 0.0249 Butea superba 38.89 50 128.6 25.13 -0.2 0.0062 Carica papaya 44.44 88.89 200.0 27.29 -0.276 0.0197 Casuarina equisetifolia 16.67 55.56 333.3 17.52 -0.213 0.0077 Cleistanthus collinus 16.67 27.78 166.7 9.512 -0.137 0.0019 Cocos nucifera 83.33 522.2 626.7 108.6 -0.159 0.6799 Dalbergia paniculata 16.67 33.33 200.0 10.42 -0.155 0.0028 Delonix regia 27.78 50 180.0 19.7 -0.2 0.0062 Emblica officinalis 33.33 38.89 116.7 15.23 -0.171 0.0038 Eucalyptus tereticornis 16.67 144.4 866.7 27.8 -0.337 0.052 Ficus hispida 27.78 55.56 200.0 17.34 -0.213 0.0077 Helicteres isora 16.67 33.33 200.0 12.73 -0.155 0.0028 Lannea coromandelica 11.11 33.33 300.0 8.321 -0.155 0.0028 Madhuca longifolia 27.78 55.56 200.0 16.76 -0.213 0.0077 Mangifera indica 27.78 266.7 960.0 50.13 -0.364 0.1773 Mimusops elengi 22.22 50 225.0 15.56 -0.2 0.0062 Moringa oleifera 38.89 77.78 200.0 23.07 -0.258 0.0151 Musa paradisiaca 50 355.6 711.1 73.24 -0.324 0.3152 Murraya koenigii 38.89 72.22 185.7 24.02 -0.248 0.013 Oroxylum indicum 27.78 27.78 100.0 24.32 -0.137 0.0019 Phyllanthus emblica 44.44 94.44 212.5 27.79 -0.284 0.0222 Psidium guajava 50 133.3 266.7 35.38 -0.328 0.0443 Punica granatum 33.33 33.33 100.0 15.24 -0.155 0.0028 Terminalia tomentosa 44.44 44.44 100.0 19.89 -0.186 0.0049 Wrightia tomentosa 22.22 50 225.0 14.97 -0.2 0.0062 Xylia xylocarpa 27.78 27.78 100.0 12.91 -0.137 0.0019 Ziziphus mauritiana 44.44 83.33 187.5 27.69 -0.267 0.0173 Total 1100 3200 9647 898.6 -7.777 1.5997
Thirty-four (34) species of trees, were observed while conducting biological studies in the buffer zone at selected locations. The density of shrubs varied from 28 trees/ha to 522 trees/ha. Highest density was shown by Cocos sp followed by Musa sp whereas lowest density was shown by Xylia, Cleistanthus, and Borassus species The strand density values for different species of trees was 3200 trees/ha
TABLE 37 PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SHRUBS IN STUDY AREA Shrub F D/ha A/ha IVI pi ln pi pi2 Abutilon indicum 16.67 0.278 1.7 2.206 1.754 3.96 Calotropis species 22.22 0.278 1.3 2.941 1.754 4.696 Cissus quadrangularis 5.556 0.056 1.0 0.735 0.351 1.086 Costus speciosus 16.67 0.167 1.0 2.206 1.053 3.259 Dodonaea viscosa 16.67 0.167 1.0 2.206 1.053 3.259 Grewia hirsuta 22.22 0.222 1.0 2.941 1.404 4.345 Lantana camara 22.22 0.333 1.5 2.941 2.105 5.046 Tamarix species 16.67 0.222 1.3 2.206 1.404 3.609 138.9 1.722 9.75 18.38 10.88 29.26
Eight (8) species of shrubs, were observed at selected locations in the buffer zone. The density of shrubs varied from 0.05 stems/ha to 0.33 stems/ha. Highest density was shown by Lantana sp followed by Abutilon and Calotropis and the lowest density is shown by
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Cissus quadrangularis sp. The strand density values for different species of shrubs was 1.772 stems/ha
3.9.9 Agriculture
The staple food of the people in the study region is rice and wheat. Agro-climatic conditions of the area provide a range of potentialities for growing cash crop like off seasonal vegetable i.e. onion, chilly, brinjal, benda, fruits and flowers, kitchen gardening is also common because of sufficient available space around house.
The main cultivation in the study area is paddy, Pisiculture. Main agricultural crop production in study area is paddy (Oriza sativa) supplemented by wheat (Triticum aestivum). The common rabbi crops grown in the study area are wheat, gram, mustard, turmeric, potato, carrot, pea etc. whereas rice, jowar, groundnut, soyabean, chilly, ginger, etc are kharif crops. Other than cereals, fruits like mango, banana, lemon, papaya, sapota, and guava are also grown. The list of the agricultural crops in the study area is given in Table-38.
TABLE 38 : LIST OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Rabi Cereals 1 Triticum aestivum Wheat 2 Zea mays Maize Pulses 1 Phaseolus sp Gram Oil Seeds Brassica juncea Mustard Vegetables 1 Coriandrum anum Coriander 2 Allium sativum Garlic 3 Capsicum anum Chilly 4 Solanum tuberosum Potato 5 Daucus carata Carrot 6 Pisum sativum Pea Kharif Cereal 1 Oriza sativa Rice 2 Sorghum vulgarum Jowar 3 Cajanus cajan Pigeon pea 4 Phaseolus angularis Common beans 5 Phaseolus mungo Green gram Oil seed 1 Seasamum sp Til 2 Arachys hypogea Groundnut 3 Glycine max Soya bean Vegetables 1 Capsicum anum Chilly 2 Zingiber officinale Ginger Others 1 Solanum tuberosam Potato 2 Saccarum officianalis Sugarcane
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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name 3 Jute Source: Directorate of Agriculture,AP
3.9.10 Fauna
Since the site is surrounding area mainly encompasses agriculture area and aquaculture ponds, common faunal species are expected from the site and vicinity.
The study of fauna was undertaken at the proposed site. The land is mostly occupied with non-urban settings, agricultural and natural vegetation. The climatic conditions vegetation’s and presence of some water bodies highly supports the population of birds as well as some mammals at the nearby vegetation areas. Considerable numbers of domestic animals mainly cow, goat and buffalos were observed. The overall picture about fauna in the study area is herbivorous (tamed) animals are dominant over the carnivorous animals.
Information was collected on the livestock, fisheries and indigenous fauna of the locality from the respective State/Central Government departments. The lists of animal species recorded in study area during study period are presented in Table-39.
3.9.10.1 Mammals
The study area mainly consists of moist mixed deciduous and tropical evergreen type of Vegetation. Therefore, biodiversity in this region is good and various types of mammals are found. Mammals like monkeys, squirrels, giant squirrel, and rats are common in this study area.
3.9.10.2 Avifauna
Rich vegetation and presence of water bodies supports diverse avifauna species in the study area. Parrot, House Sparrow, and Cranes and Peafowl are resident birds. Dominant birds observed at the study area are House Sparrow Indian Roller, Red Vented Bulbul, Hornbill; Golden backed Woodpecker, Black Drongo, Koel, Green bee-eater, cattle egret, Indian myna and common Babbler. These birds were found in the close association with man and cattle. Most of these birds recorded in the study area are omnivorous in habit preferring grains, insects, and worms etc. as their principal food.
3.9.10.3 Reptiles
In reptiles, garden lizard and Indian chameleon were observed in every sampling location. In snake Python, Cobra, and Vipers like kraits and Russell’s viper is noted during personal interviewing with local peoples. Common rat snake is observed during field survey.
3.9.10.4 Amphibians
Two species of frogs were seen during evening time in the study area. These are Cricket Frog (Fejervarya limnocharis), and Indian Bull Frog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus).
3.9.10.5 Animal Husbandry
The study area includes mostly non-urban area where cattle wealth is of great importance to the economy of the study region especially in agriculture. Every farmer usually has at least a cow or buffalo or a pair of bullocks, which perform a variety of functions, chief among them being ploughing, harrowing, and carrying Bullock-carts, agricultural
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implements, milk etc. Agriculture is up to an appreciable extent. Goats and Pigs are used mainly for meat purpose.
Live stock rising is an economic activity persuaded by certain sections community, who have made grazing and breeding of livestock as their traditional occupation. Livestock has proved to be a very valuable asset to the farmers. It provides them with the draught power required for cultivation, and an additional means of supplementing their income.
TABLE 39 FAUNA RECORDED IN THE STUDY AREA S. No. Common Name Scientific Name IWPA / IUCN Status 1 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Schedule-IV 2 Pond Heron Ardeola grayii Schedule-IV 3 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Schedule-IV 4 Babbler Turdoides spp. Schedule-IV 5 Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis Schedule-IV 6 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Schedule-IV 7 Chestnut Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamoneus Schedule-IV 8 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Schedule-IV
9 Hill myna Gracula spp. Schedule-I
10 Hoopoe Upupa spp. Schedule-IV
11 Jungle fowl Gallus spp. Schedule-IV
12 Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus Schedule-IV 13 Large Egret Ardea alba Schedule-IV 14 Little Bittern Ixotrychus minutus Schedule-IV 15 Little Egret Egretta garzetta Schedule-IV 16 Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Schedule-IV Schedule-IV (Near 17 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala Threatened) 18 Peafowl Pavo cristatus Schedule-I 19 Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis Schedule-IV
Since the District is mainly involved in the pisciculture, marine fishes commonly found are enlisted bellow. Prawn and crabs reported from the region are also enlisted in the Table 40.
TABLE 40 : AQUATIC FAUNA OF THE STUDY AREA S. No. Genus / Species English Name 1 Panulirus polyphyrus Banded spiny lobster 2 Sphyraena jello Berracuda 3 Shiomatu niger Black pomfret 4 Carans carangus Black tail fravelly 5 Cypselurus cyanopterus Blue spot flying fish 6 Harpodon neherius Bombay duck 7 Auxis rochei Bullet tuna 8 Anadontostoma chacunda Chacunda gizzard shad 9 Sepia aculata Cuttle fish 10 Strooplus suratensis Danded butter fish 11 Liognathus duseumieri Dussumier‟s pony fish 12 Mugil cephalus Flat head grey mullet 13 Lates calcarifer Gaint sea perch, Bekti 14 Trypencach vegina Goby 15 Colia dussunieri Gold potted graindier anchovy
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S. No. Genus / Species English Name 16 Elepes para Golden scad 17 Rhinobates granulatus Granulated shovel nose ray 18 Saurida tumble Greater lizard fish 19 Pesettodes erumei Indian nailout 20 Anguilla nebulosa Long finned eel 21 Chanosachos Milk fishes 22 Scomberomorus commerson Narrow baried seer fish 23 Acetus indicus Paste shrimp 24 Upenus indicus Red mullet Indian gous fishes 25 Saylla Serrate mudcrab 26 Polynemus heptadactylue Seven finger thread fin 27 Lutjanus join Shaper (Jew fish) 28 Caroharis sorrah Shark 29 Chrirocentras derab Silver bar, wolf herring 30 Arjus Jalla Small eye cat fish 31 Bragocephatus inermis Smooth backed blow fish 32 Instinophorus pla-typtorus Soil fish, peacock seer 33 Sca-tephagus arugus Spotted butter fish 34 Drepane pantata Spotteu sickle fish 35 Khipias gladias Sword fish 36 Himantura blockeri Whip tail sting ray 37 Lactarius lactarius White fish
TABLE 41 : PRAWNS AND CRABS REPORTED FROM THE PROJECT REGION S. No. Common Name Scientific Name 1 Brown shrimp Metapenaeus affinis 2 Yellow prawn Metapenaeus brevicornis 3 Green tiger prawn or grooved tiger prawn Penaeus semisulcatus 4 Indian prawn Penaeus indicus 5 Giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon 6 Speckled shrimp, brown shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros 7 Kadal shrimp Metapenaeus dobsoni 8 Banana shrimp Penaeus merguiensis 9 Rainbow Shrimp Parapenaeopsis sculptilis 10 Spear shrimp Parapenaeopsis hardwickii 11 Kiddi prawn Parapenaeopsis stylifera 12 Wrinkled swimming crab or rock crab Charybdis natator 13 Banded-legged swimming crab Charybdis annulata 14 Giant mud crab Scylla serrata 15 Flower crab Portunus pelagicus 16 red-spotted swimming crab Portunus sanguinolentus
3.9.10.6 Status of Threatened and Endemic Biodiversity
Faunal threat status has been assessed as per Indian Wild Life Protection Act (IWPA), 1972 and Red List of IUCN.
3.9.10.7 Habitats and Sensitivity of the Study Area
LISS zone of the project area possess major Upputeru river (approx. 3.8 km) and other smaller rivers like Kukkaleru & Darbharevu (backwaters), Enamaduru drain, Upputeru
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Reserved Forests, dense scrub vegetation, aquaculture ponds (adjacent to site), agriculture area / plantation, Casuarina plantation along the coastal habitats. No mangroves exists in the 10 km. Radius area / buffer zone.
3.9.11 Aquatic Ecological Status: Primary Survey
3.9.11.1 Introduction
The impact of pollution on aquatic ecosystem manifests itself first on the biotic aquatic communities. The species composition of aquatic organisms in natural communities is directly influenced by ambient water quality. The responses of plants to pollutants, when measured quantitatively give an insight about the conditions of existing aquatic ecosystem.
3.9.11.2 Plankton Study
Protecting the environment and making efficient use of natural resources are two of the most pressing demands in the present stage of social development. The task of preserving the purity of the atmosphere and water basins is of both national and global significance since there are no boundaries to the propagation of anthropogenic contaminants in the water. An essential pre requisite for the successful solution to these problems is to evaluate ecological impacts from the baseline information and undertake effective management plan. So the objective of aquatic ecological study may be outlined as follows: To characterize water bodies like fresh waters; To understand their present biological status; To characterize water bodies with the help of biota; and future impacts if any
To meet these objectives following methods were followed: Generating data by actual field sampling and analysis in these areas through field visits during study period; and Discussion with local people to get the information for aquatic plants and aquatic animals.
To fulfill these objectives and to understand the present status of aquatic ecosystem, samples were collected from different River water system (river) under investigation. In order to get a clear picture and to assess the various parameters of water, three sampling locations were identified for sampling. Samples were collected during study period. The sampling locations are presented in Table-42.
TABLE 42 : DETAILS OF AQUATIC SAMPLING LOCATIONS Code Locations Coordinates AE-1 Near Kottata 16º 23’ 23.66”N, 81 º 32’ 45.33” E AE-2 Near Bridge, Kalipatnam 16º 22’ 43.73”N, 81 º 30’ 59.19” E AE-3 Near Losar Bridge, Before Lakshmipuram 16º 23’ 54.35”N, 81 º 28’ 10.32” E
3.9.11.3 Methodology Adopted for Aquatic Studies
The biological species specific for a particular environmental conditions are the best indicators of environmental quality. This includes different biological species such as phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria.
Diatoms, desmids and dinophyceaen members are indicative of clean water conditions. Increasing dominance of diatoms, ciliates, flagellates, chlorophycean and cyanophycean species indicates progressively increasing trophic conditions. Presence of Euglenophyceae indicates high eutrophic conditions. Planktonic rotifers are usually more abundant in fresh
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water than estuarine waters. It is believed that when crustacean and insect out number other groups the situation reflects the enriched organic conditions of water. Thus, of certain organisms help in classifying water body in trophic levels on knowing its physico chemical characteristics.
The plankton samples were collected by using plankton net. The filamentous algae and debris were avoided by filtering through the plankton net. The collected sample was condensed to 100 ml by filtration and the samples were preserved using pinch of Rose Bengal and 10 ml of 4% formaldehyde solution.
For the measurement of frequencies of various forms of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton, one drop of the sedimented plankton was mounted on a micro-slide, as many as 20 different microscopic fields situated at more or less even distances from each other were examined, and numbers of individual organisms are counted. The plankton forms were identified up to species level and expressed as organisms per milliliter of the sample
Phytoplankton The details of Phytoplankton Count is Table-43 and Distribution of Chlorophyll and Primary productivity in Table-44
TABLE 43 : PHYTOPLANKTON COUNT IN STUDY AREA Groups AE1 AE2 AE3 Chlorophyceae 61.09 65.52 49.23 Xanthophyceae - - 2.81 Bacillariophyceae 31.33 28.85 43.16 Chrysophyceae - - - Cryptophyceae - - - Dinophyceae 0.46 - - Euglenophyceae 4.14 0.709 - Myxophyceae 3.2 5.5 4.6 Protozoans & others - - 2.1
Total Count/ml 12152 13528 11992 No. of Species 26 32 30 Shannon-weaver Index 4.2 3.59 3.11 Major Species Chlamydomonas Chlamydomonas Synedra
TABLE 44 : DISTRIBUTION OF CHLOROPHYLL-A (CHL A) MG/M3 AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION (PP) MG C / M3 DAY-1 Station No Chlorophyll-a (mg/m3) Primary Production mg C / m3 day-1 AEI 1.52 225 AE3 1.83 320 AE4 3.22 415
Results and Discussions Total phytoplankton count observed is in the range of 11992 to 13528 A total of 32 species were recorded across the 3 transects studied The data at all the stations indicated organisms like Chlamydomonas, and Synedra as major species In general, station wise variation in phytoplankton cell are well in the range of general distribution of phyto-planktons. There were no endemic organisms recorded during the observation
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The rate of primary productivity measured is presented in the table above along with Chl-a concentrations. Chlorophyll-a level of study area is high ranging from 1.52 to 3.22 and comparative rate of primary production is moderately high ranging from 225 to 415 mg C /m3/day In general the water column is healthy
Zooplankton The details of Zooplankton count is provided in Table 45
TABLE 45 : ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS (M-3) AND NUMERICAL COUNTS (100/M3) Taxa AE1 AE2 AE3 Ctenophora 1211 927 752 Polychaeta 107 0 306 Copepoda 27148 27315 26172 Cladocera 207 506 218 Decapoda 717 1240 1136 Amphipoda 134 175 328 Ostracoda 203 1390 188 Euphausiacea 0 0 0 Mysidacea 56 128 156 Sergestidae 6347 9152 7323 Lamellibranchiate 12 266 94 Gastropod larvae 0 85 0 Chaetognatha 1630 1580 2218 Echinoderm larvae 107 176 0 Invertebrate eggs 337 1168 528 Fish eggs 51 126 119 Fish larvae 63 85 54 Total No 100/m3 38330 44319 39592 Total number of groups 15 15 14
Results and Discussions The total counts of zooplanktons ranged between 39275 – 72385 / 100 m3 during study period Copepods and Sergestidae were the most abundant groups followed by Chaetognathae A total of 15 major groups were observed in the samples taken in the study period
3.9.12 Conclusion
As per primary survey and secondary data referred, it was concluded that the study areas flora and fauna is ecologically rich and is not equally distributed throughout the study area. In fact the vegetation is distributed to certain pockets and most of the study area consists of aqua cultural ponds.
Fauna consists of birds, reptiles, primates; Rattle Snakes, Cobra are few species found in the vicinity of the project site.
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3.10 Socio Economic Environment
3.10.1 Introduction
The proposed project is for Establishment of EPS at ‘BTSAD’ Bhimavaram. Project location is at village Barrevanipeta, mandal Bhimavaram, and district West Godavari. Barrevanipeta village population is 320; it’s a small hamlet coming under Losarigutlapadu gram panchayat.
The growth of industrial sectors and infrastructure developments in and around the agriculture dominant areas, villages and towns is bound to create its impact on the socio- economic aspects of the local population. The impacts may be positive or negative depending upon the developmental activity. To assess the impacts on the socio-economics of the local people, it is necessary to study the existing socio-economic status of the local population, which will be helpful for making efforts to further improve the quality of life in the area of study.
To study the socio-economic aspects of people in the study area around the proposed project site, the required data has been collected from various secondary sources and supplemented by the primary data generated through the process of a limited door to door socio-economic survey.
3.10.2 Desktop Study
The methodology adopted to collect secondary data/information on socio-economic area as given below. The aim of the present study was to identify the population details, literacy details, employment pattern, infrastructure facilities and land use pattern etc. All details were taken from primary census abstract 2011 and district census handbook 2011 .The desktop study was performed in 10 km radius study area map Primary data collection secondary data collection
3.10.3 Methodology for Primary Data Collection
For the primary data collection, structured questionnaires will be used by survey team. There were three types of formats has been prepared for the survey purpose, these were Household survey format, Focus group discussion format and village leader format. All these formats will include all type of village information like demographic details, infrastructure details etc. For household survey, surveyor will visit to household’s house. For focus group discussion male, female group were interviewed in open spaces like community hall, school ground, temple, panchayat hall etc. For the selection of respondents random sampling used by surveyor. Direct observation during transit walk in villages, telephonic calls to peruse information is also comes under the primary data collection, these methods also a part of primary data collection.
The 10 km radial study area map is distributed in 2 zones (1-5 & 5-10 km). In 0-1 km zone there is only 1 small hamlet falling namely Barrevanipeta, therefore 0-1 km zone details are not presented in the study area details. There are 2 Mandal’s falling in the study area from West Godavari district, namely Bhimavaram & Mogalthur. Most of the areas falling in hamlets category, 9 villages and 22 hamlets falling in the study area.
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3.10.3.1 Hamlet details
According to district census handbook 2011, villages coming under Gram Panchayats are called hamlets. There are total 22 hamlets existing in the study area. Details of hamlets are presented below.
TABLE 46 : ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS OF THE STUDY AREA Distance from the Sr.No Village Code Village Name Hamlet Name BTSAD (in km) 1 588730 Losarigutlapadu Gutlapadu 5 2 588730 Losarigutlapadu Kottapusalamuru 7 3 588730 Losarigutlapadu Tokatippa 5 4 588730 Losarigutlapadu Domapindi 10 5 588730 Losarigutlapadu Losari 9 6 588730 Losarigutlapadu Barrevanipeta 7 7 588730 Losarigutlapadu Nagidi palem 7 8 588730 Losarigutlapadu Deyyalatippa 9 9 588730 Losarigutlapadu Vinayakapuram 7 10 588730 Losarigutlapadu Gdlavanitippa 2 11 588750 Kalipatnam Daritippa 2.5 12 588750 Kalipatnam Patapadu 7 13 588750 Mutyalapalle Kothota 1 14 588750 Mutyalapalle Modi 2 15 588740 Kalavapudi S.C.bose mil colony 3 16 588740 Kalavapudi Gogutippa 8 17 588740 Vempa Sriramapuram 2 18 588750 Bondada Mekaladibba 7 19 588770 Vemuladeevi Marrithippa 2 20 588730 Losarigutlapadu Deyyalatippa 9 21 588740 Dirusumarru Ramabhadrapuram 2 22 588740 Vempa Sriramapuram 2 Source: Primary census abstract 2011, district West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh
3.10.3.2 Demographic details
Total population of the 9 villages is 85,443; out of the total population 42,861 are male and 42,582 female. Total households are 24,350 with an average family size of 3.50.0-6 child population is 8,430 which is 10% of total population. SC population is 7,190(8.41%) and ST population is 364(0.42%).Total literates are 53,048(62%) and illiterates are 32,395.
3.10.3.3 Employment pattern
Total worker population in the study area is 40,863, which is (48%) of total population. Main workers are 30,580 (36%) and marginal workers are 10283(12%).Total non-working population is 44,580(52%). In main workers employment pattern cultivator population is 4,087(13%), agricultural workers population is 18,399 (60%), household industry workers are 183 (1%)sand other workers are 7,911(26%).Above given data indicates the study area is mainly depend on agriculture and its allied activities.
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3.10.4 Infrastructure Facilities
The District Census Handbook (DCHB) is an important publication of the Census Organization. The scope and coverage of Village Directory of 2011 DCHB has been widened by including a number of new amenities in addition to those of 2001. DCHB describes the availability or non-availability of amenities in the villages, its gives a view to know the condition of the villages. The infrastructure details of 9 villages in the study area are presented below.
3.10.4.1 Education facilities
According to DCHB 2011, all 9 villages availing primary school and anganwadi facility, middle school presented in 8 villages and secondary school in 7 villages. Nearest town for higher studies is Bhimavaram town. Details are presented below:
TABLE 47 : EDUCATION FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES Zone in km Govt Primary School Govt Middle School Govt Secondary School 1-5 2 2 2 5-10 7 6 5 0-10 9 8 7
TABLE 48 : POPULATION AND LITERACY DETAILS S. Village N Mandal Name Type 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 code o 1-5 km 58875 Rura 1183 118 1 Mogalthur 3 Kalipatnam l 3378 9 5832 6007 3 944 47 7246 4593 Bhimavara 58873 Losarigutlapad Rura 2283 1146 1136 227 154 1402 2 m 5 u l 6390 1 7 4 4 5 75 2 8809 3467 1729 1737 345 248 12 2126 1340 Sub Total 9768 0 9 1 7 9 2 8 2 5-10 km Bhimavara 58873 Rura 1669 5697 2877 2820 571 328 12 3701 1996 3 m 4 Anakoderu l Bhimavara 58873 Rura 680 2289 1172 1117 216 65 69 1580 709 4 m 3 Komarada l Bhimavara 58873 Rura 1156 3878 1954 1924 349 472 20 2602 1276 5 m 2 Yenamadurru l Bhimavara 58873 Rura 2509 8645 4358 4287 852 339 55 5568 3077 6 m 6 Dirusumarru l Bhimavara 58873 Rura 213 1992 6892 3404 3488 716 22 4547 2345 7 m 9 Vempa l 6 58875 Rura 1090 116 2960 5526 5380 237 36 6182 4724 8 Mogalthur 4 Mutyalapalle l 6 6 58875 Rura 1246 110 112 3616 6271 6195 28 7600 4866 9 Mogalthur 7 Perupalem l 6 3 4 1458 5077 2556 2521 497 470 24 3178 1899 Sub Total 2 3 2 1 3 1 2 0 3 Grand Total 2435 8544 4286 4258 843 719 36 5304 3239
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S. Village N Mandal Name Type 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 code o 0 3 1 2 0 0 4 8 5 Source Primary census abstract 2011, district West Godavari, AP Note: 1=No_HH: Number of household, 2=TOT_P: Total Population, 3=TOT_M: Total Male, 4=TOT_F: Total Female, 5=P_06: 0-6 child population, 6=P_SC: Population SC, 7=P_ST: Population ST, 8=P_LIT: Population Literate, 9=P_ILL: Population Illiterate
TABLE 49 : EMPLOYMENT PATTERN Total Workers Sr. No Mandal Village code Name Type Total Main Marginal Non 1-5 km 1 Mogalthur 588753 Kalipatnam Rural 5384 3354 2030 6455 2 Bhimavaram 588735 Losarigutlapadu Rural 10831 9253 1578 12000 Sub Total 16215 12607 3608 18455 5-10 km 3 Bhimavaram 588734 Anakoderu Rural 2708 2360 348 2989 4 Bhimavaram 588733 Komarada Rural 1039 986 53 1250 5 Bhimavaram 588732 Yenamadurru Rural 1901 1828 73 1977 6 Bhimavaram 588736 Dirusumarru Rural 4070 3750 320 4575 7 Bhimavaram 588739 Vempa Rural 3408 2974 434 3484 8 Mogalthur 588754 Mutyalapalle Rural 5313 2753 2560 5593 9 Mogalthur 588757 Perupalem Rural 6209 3322 2887 6257 Sub Total 24648 17973 6675 26125 Grand Total 40863 30580 10283 44580 Source: Source Primary census abstract 2011, district West Godavari, AP
TABLE 50 : EMPLOYMENT & MAIN WORKER EMPLOYMENT PATTERN Main Worker Employment Pattern Sr. Village Mandal Name Type Household No code Cultivators Agricultural Other Industry 1-5 km 1 Mogalthur 588753 Kalipatnam Rural 623 1360 25 1346 2 Bhimavaram 588735 Losarigutlapadu Rural 976 6899 35 1343 Sub Total 1599 8259 60 2689 5-10 km 3 Bhimavaram 588734 Anakoderu Rural 154 1840 12 354 4 Bhimavaram 588733 Komarada Rural 129 603 3 251 5 Bhimavaram 588732 Yenamadurru Rural 361 1197 12 258 6 Bhimavaram 588736 Dirusumarru Rural 381 2651 16 702 7 Bhimavaram 588739 Vempa Rural 489 2103 15 367 8 Mogalthur 588754 Mutyalapalle Rural 504 1066 35 1148 9 Mogalthur 588757 Perupalem Rural 470 680 30 2142 Sub Total 2488 10140 123 5222 Grand Total 4087 18399 183 7911
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3.10.4.2 Health facilities:
In 9 villages, total 10 sub health centres are providing health care facilities.1 PHC is availed at Losarigutlapadu gram panchyat. In addition 7 mobile health clinics also providing medical facilities. Details are presented below:
TABLE 51 : HEALTH FACILITIES IN NUMBERS Primary Health Primary Health Mobile Health Zone in km Veterinary Hospital Centre Sub Centre Clinic 1-5 1 9 2 2 5-10 0 10 3 5 0-10 1 19 5 7
3.10.4.3 Drinking water facilities
All 9 villages getting treated tap water facility, other sources are well, hand pump, river & tank water. Details are presented below:
TABLE 52 : DRINKING WATER FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES Zone in km Tap Water Covered Well Hand Pump River/ Canal Tank/ Pond/ Lake 1-5 2 1 1 1 1 5-10 7 2 2 5 5 0-10 9 3 3 6 6
3.10.4.4 Drainage Facility
In all villages, there is a mixed type of drainage pattern observed, details of drainage pattern is presented below:
TABLE 53 : DRAINAGE FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES Zone in Closed Open Drainage Open Pucca Drainage Open Kuccha Drainage km Drainage Uncovered 1-5 2 2 1 2 5-10 2 7 5 7 0-10 4 9 6 9
3.10.4.5 Communication facility
Out of 9 villages in 5 villages post office and sub post office facility is presented, all villages are connected through land-line and PCOs. Details are presented below:
TABLE 54 : COMMUNICATION FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES Zone in km Post Office Sub Post Office Telephone Public Call Office 1-5 1 1 2 2 5-10 2 1 7 7 0-10 3 2 9 9
3.10.4.6 Transportation facilities
All villages are well connected with public, private bus service and autos. Nearest railway station facility is at a distance of 8-10 km in Bhimavaram town.
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TABLE 55 : TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES Zone in km Public Bus Service Private Bus Service Auto/Modified Autos 1-5 2 2 2 5-10 7 7 7 0-10 9 9 9
3.10.4.7 Road facilities
All types of roads are presented in the villages in the form of black topped road, gravel road, footpath etc.
TABLE 56 : ROAD FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES Zone in km Black Topped Road Gravel Roads Water Bounded Macadam Footpath 1-5 2 2 2 2 5-10 7 7 6 7 0-10 9 9 8 9
3.10.4.8 Banking facility
Commercial, co-operative banks are presented in the villages, with addition 2 agricultural credit societies are also presented in the study area.
TABLE 57 : BANKING FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES Zone in km Commercial Bank Cooperative Bank Agricultural Credit Societies 1-5 2 1 1 5-10 3 3 1 0-10 5 4 2
3.10.4.9 Power facility
All villages availed power supply facilities for all type of uses eg. Domestic, agricultural, commercial etc.
TABLE 58 : POWER FACILITIES IN NUMBER OF VILLAGES Zone in Power Supply For Power Supply For Power Supply For Power Supply For km Domestic Use Agriculture Use Commercial Use All Users 1-5 2 2 2 2 5-10 7 7 7 7 0-10 9 9 9 9
3.10.4.10 Main commodities details
Main commodities details has been taken from district census handbook 2011 of West Godavari, AP. Main commodity of the study area is paddy.47% of land area is coming under sown area. Other crops cultivated are Bean and Husk. This data indicates majority of the workers are engaged in agricultural activities. Majority of the area irrigated by canal water.
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FIGURE 27 : STUDY AREA SE SURVEY PHOTOGRAPHS Aquaculture Activity
Living Condition
Agriculture Activity Discussion with villagers
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3.10.5 Need Based Assessment
The following representatives of the villages were interviewed during the survey:
1.R.RamachandraRao- Sarpanch of Deyyalatippa 2.R. Srinivas- Farmer 3.Rajanna-Farmer 4.Janardhan-Farmer 5.Yadamma-House wife 6.Srikanth- Student 7.Ramulu-Daily Labour 8.Vijaya Laxmi- House wife 9.Narsimha- Farmer
3.10.5.1 Main problems and needs of the villages
In the village Deyyalatippa villagers having problem with power lines which are aligned in lower elevation as a result few people were died, they already raised complaint against this issue to the concern authority but problem is not resolved yet. Asking for the water tanker capacity to increase, and drinking water facility. No public transportation facility available, people using local autos for transportation People preferring to do aquaculture instead of agriculture as aquaculture is profitable then agriculture. As a result all fertile lands converting in to aquaculture and agriculture activity is decreased. Lands adjacent to the aquaculture are getting polluted and loosing it’s fertility. Ground water is polluting by aquaculture activity. Villagers need an ATM or bank facility at nearby places. Villagers expecting employment from the industries around them. For few villages industries sponsored Roads as a part of CSR activities, villagers expressing they have not received all the promises by the industries. No high school facilities available for their village.
3.10.5.2 Conclusion
Study area is rural dominant and main employment pattern is agriculture and its allied activities. More than 50% working population are engaged as a labour worker in agriculture farms. Bhimavaram town which is at an average distance of 10-15 km from the project site is main centre for all types of higher facilities for the study area population. Employment pattern as well as literacy rate is satisfactory in the villages. All villagers availed treated tap water for drinking purpose. Transportation facility is presented in all villages through public and private bus facilities.
For the project purpose manpower requirement can be fulfilled from the study area. Project activities will generate employment (skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled).As a part of CSR activities, ONGC will take care of infrastructural development of surrounding villages. Overall the project will bring development and improvement in quality of life in the surrounding villages.
3.11 Hazards of the Proposed Project Area
The study area falls in seismic zone III as per the Seismic Map of India, IS 1893(Part I): 2002. There is Moderate damage risk due to the earthquakes in the area as provided in Figure 28. The project Area has no affect due to floods as shown in Figure 29. As per the
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Cyclone Hazard Map the Area falls under High Damage Risk Zone - B (Vb=50m/s) as provided in Figure 30. Multi Hazard Map in Figure 31 shows that the project area falls in Moderate Risk Zone due to multiple Hazards.
FIGURE 28 : EARTHQUAKE MAP
FIGURE 29 FLOOD HAZARD MAP
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FIGURE 30 : CYCLONE HAZARD MAP
FIGURE 31 : CYCLONE HAZARD MAP
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4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Preamble
This chapter defines the details of investigated environmental impacts due to project location, possible accidents, project design, project construction, regular operations, final decommissioning or rehabilitation of a completed project and measures for minimizing and / or offsetting adverse impacts identified.
4.2 Impact Assessment Methodology
The present EIA report follows the impact assessment methodology based on checklist and matrix methods. The major steps followed for impact assessment are given as under: Listing of environmental aspects, i.e., project activities that can cause environmental impacts Identification of applicable environmental attributes on which the environmental aspects can cause an environmental impact Impact Assessment (Aspect-Impact Analysis): o Qualification as negative or positive; o Identification of nature of impacts such as direct or indirect; o Quantitative Analysis, viz., quantification of impacts and discussion on the direct and indirect environmental and socio-economic impacts o Assessment of significance of impacts based on severity and frequency of identified impacts: a scale is used to determine the severity of the effect; for example, an impact is of low, medium, or high significance.
Mitigation measures to address the assessed impacts and a detailed Environmental Management Plan are proposed. A monitoring plan for implementation of the proposed EMP is then proposed.
4.3 Identification of Impacts
The environmental impacts anticipated during the construction and operation phases on the environmental parameters have been studied to estimate the environmental impact of the proposed project.
Various project activities that can cause environmental impacts are identified as under:
1. Pre Commissioning Stage Detailed Topographic Survey Land Acquirement Site Clearing Site Preparation
2. Construction / Establishment Civil works such as earth moving and building of structures including temporary structures Construction of access road Heavy Equipment operations Influx of construction workers Transportation of material
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Setting up the foundation, handrails, guardrails, stairs, walkways, ladders, flare stack & other equipment and machinery
3. Operation and Maintenance Movement of fuel reserves Flaring Operation of power source and generator facilities Storage of chemicals/ flammables Waste generation Storage and Handling of Crude ONGC Depletion of water resources due to use of water for drilling operations Vehicular movement for transportation of material, equipment and personnel
4. Decommissioning and Site Restoration Demolishing civil and mechanical structures Disposal of demolished material
4.4 Identification of Environmental Attributes
Environmental attributes or Valued Environmental Components (VECs) considered for the proposed project are the receiving environmental and social components, which are likely to get affected due to the project operations/ activities. Components of natural resources and human world that are considered valuable and are likely to be affected by the project activities have been considered for the EIA study. Value may be attributed for economic, social, environmental, aesthetic or ethical reasons. These attributes represent the investigative focal point for further EIA process. The indirect and/or cumulative effects can be concerned with indirect, additive or even synergistic effects due to other projects or activities or even induced developments on the same environmental components as would be considered direct effects. But such impacts tend to involve larger scale environmental components such as within entire region, river basins or watersheds; and, broad social and economic parameters such as quality of life and the provincial economy. Once these components are identified then appropriate indicators are selected for impact assessments on the respective environmental attributes.
Environmental attributes are broadly classified into three groups, viz., physical environment, biological environment and socio-economic environment.
4.5 Identification of Environmental Impacts
The environmental impacts anticipated during the project phases on the environmental parameters have been studied to estimate the environmental impact of the proposed project.
For establishing significance of different impacts, understanding the responses and interaction of the environmental system is essential. Hence, the impact interactions and pathways are to be understood and established first. Such an understanding will help in the assessment process to quantify the impact as accurately as possible.
It is not sufficient to simply state the significance of the effect. This determination must be justified, coherent and documented, notably by a determination methodology, which must
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be described in the methodology section of the report. There are many recognized methodologies to determine the significance of effects.
4.6 Air Environment
4.6.1 Identification of Impacts
Ambient air quality effects are normally assessed in relation to their potential to cause to health deterioration and nuisance in local communities, on-site workers and damage to vegetation.
Impact on Climate The maximum temperatures of the exit gas from the Gas Engine stack and flare stack will be around 500°C and 900°C respectively. There will be contribution to green-house gas emission and consequent impact on global warming. The impact on local or global climate will be significant.
Source Emissions Air pollution during commissioning stage would be primarily due to fugitive emissions from vehicular movement, site preparation activities and material handling. These emissions only have nuisance factor affecting workers at site. Use of dust masks would be adequate to mitigate impacts on workers.
The flaring of oil and gas is continuous activity. Wherever, required special precautions will be taken to minimize the impact on the local environment and habitat. Fugitive emissions in the form of material dust are expected during laying of foundation for EPS. Some fugitive emissions are also anticipated from storages of volatile chemicals and fuel at the site if the storages are not properly capped or are handled without due care. However, such emissions will not disperse widely and can only affect workers and people at site. Fugitive emissions during EPS operations are however not as significant as during site preparation. Fugitive emissions during foundation are not expected to travel beyond project boundaries. Workers working near fugitive emission sources are only susceptible which would be mitigated through use of PPEs in these areas.
Fugitive emissions of VOC may result from the vents from the venting of un-burnt methane from EPS.
Flaring and Venting of Hydrocarbons Emissions are expected during flaring in EPS Operation, which will contribute to additional air pollution in terms of release of unburnt hydrocarbons. Flaring will involve high temperature oxidation process to burn combustible gases that may be generated from the proposed EPS. Principal pollutants from these air emission sources include: Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide and particulates and additional pollutants like Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), Methane, Ethane, Benzene, Ethyl benzene, Toluene, and xylenes (BTEX), etc.
A flare stack of minimum 30 m height or higher will be provided in Flare System near EPS. Gas Engine will be provided with a 10m stack.
Emissions from Vehicles/ Machineries Vehicular emissions will be emitted from the vehicles used for the transport of construction material and equipment, workers and the machinery to and from the site.
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As the vehicles used at site will be PUC certified and well maintained, the effect will be reduced to some extent.
4.6.2 Prediction of Impacts
Substantial impacts on ambient air quality due to the proposed project activities at various stages like vehicle movement during site preparation, commissioning, operation and restoration, operation of gas based power plant of 0.5MW, flaring operation are expected. The impacts on AAQ due to the proposed EPS have been identified as given in Table 59.
TABLE 59 : AAQ Impact Identification S. No Project Activities Aspects Environmental Impacts 1.0 Preparation at site 1.1 Clearance of vegetation Release of fugitive Impact on ambient air quality; at site and preparation emissions Impact on aesthetics, land use, of approach roads flora and fauna 1.2 Vehicle movement for Release of air Impact on ambient air quality; transportation of EPS, emissions Impact on human health, flora materials and including SO2 and and fauna equipment NO2 1.3 Excavation and paving Release of fugitive Impact on ambient air quality; of site air emissions Impact on human health, flora and fauna, soil quality, visibility, aesthetics 2.0 Foundation 2.1 Setting up of the Release of air Impact on ambient air quality; foundation for emissions Impact on human health, flora establishing EPS and fauna, soil quality, visibility, aesthetics 3.0 Operation of EPS, Release of air Impact on ambient air quality; Flaring, emissions Impact on human health, flora including and fauna, soil quality, particulate matter visibility, aesthetics and various gases 4.0 Operation of Gas Release of air Impact on ambient air quality; based Engine for Gas emissions Impact on human health, flora based power plant including SO2 and and fauna and aesthetics NO2 5.0 Closure Phase Release of fugitive Impact on ambient air quality; air emissions Impact on human health, flora and fauna, soil quality, visibility, aesthetics 5.1 Vehicle movement for Release of air Impact on ambient air quality; transportation of EPS, emissions Impact on human health, flora materials and including SO2 and and fauna equipment NO2
The proposed project process involving AAQ impacts are site preparation, Foundation, Operation of EPS, Operation of Gas based Engine for Gas based power plant and closure at site.
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The main sources of continuous or non-continuous air emissions resulting from the proposed EPS activities include: 1. Operation of Gas Based Engines 2. Flaring and venting of hydrocarbons 3. Emissions from Vehicles/machineries 4. Fugitive emissions
For meeting power requirement gas based power plant of 0.5MW is proposed. Power requirement will be met by using 0.5MW Gas based power plant at EPS. These will be in operation 24 hours a day. Environmental impacts due to operation of the Gas Engine and Flare stack have thus been estimated.
Flaring will be done which is a continuous activity wherein the gas produced will be burnt. Hydrocarbon in major portion with traces of NO2 will be burnt.
Proposed Stack Height Stack height of 30 m above roof/ridge level is proposed for Flare stack. Gas Engine Stack will be 10 m. The exhaust stacks will vent the emissions.
Study Area A 10 km radius area around the EPS site has been considered as study area to study the impacts on AAQ.
Ambient Air Quality Modelling The impact on air quality is assessed based on increase in emissions levels from the Flare stack operation and during emergency usage. Gas Engine Stack Operation. Impact predicted has been carried out for major Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) pollutant, viz., Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO). The existing emissions from other industries within 10 km have been considered to be covered under the baseline scenario.
Model Input Data The air dispersion model is designed for multiple point sources, line sources and area sources and has been used for simulations from identified point sources. In the present prediction study, Flare Stack & Gas Engine of 0.5MW capacity has been considered. For prediction of impacts using the stimulation model, pollutants like SO2 and NO2 are considered for identified stacks.
For model simulation study, a grid size of 1 km x 1 km has been considered, covering 10 km radius. Hourly mixing heights are taken from the “Atlas of hourly mixing height and assimilative capacity of atmosphere in India” by India Meteorological Department (IMD), 2008 New Delhi has been used. The meteorological data of the Winter season is used for modifying.
The meteorological data recorded during study period on wind speed, wind direction, temperature etc., have been processed to extract the data required for simulation by the model. 24-Hourly mean Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) were estimated using the entire meteorological data of January & February 2018. Emergency Scenario occurs 2-5 % of the operation time of EPS
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TABLE 60 : AIR EMISSION QUANTITIES Fuel Flue consum NO2 SO Temp Dia No. of Gas 2 Velo Stack Stack Fuel ption Amou Amou eratur mete Description Stack city height description type Vol. nt nt e r s Mass m/s m rate (g/s) (g/s) ºC cm rate g/s) m3/s Flare Stack (Normal operations) 1 NG 1.26 0.06 <0.01 <0.01 10 900 32 30 Flare Stack One flare stack (Emergency with two 1 NG 5865.63 197.53 8.8 0.08 40 900 32 30 operations) scenarios Gas Engines One Gas (Power) 500 1 NG 232 7.84 0.35 <0.01 10 504 18 10 Engine Stack KW
FIGURE 32 : ISOPLETHS FOR INCREMENTAL GLCS OF NO2 AT EPS FOR SC-I
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FIGURE 33 : ISOPLETHS FOR INCREMENTAL GLCS OF NO2 AT EPS FOR SC-2
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FIGURE 34 : ISOPLETHS FOR INCREMENTAL GLCS OF SO2 AT EPS FOR SC-2
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o Modeling Results In the present case, model simulations have been carried out for Winter season.
The maximum incremental short-term 24 hourly GLCs for NO2, likely to be encountered during Winter season for normal operation of Flare stack and Gas Engine is 1.015 g/m3 in South West Direction.
The maximum incremental short-term 24 hourly GLCs for NO2, SO2, likely to be encountered during Winter season for emergency operation of Flare stack and Gas Engine are 16.06 g/m3, 0.142 g/m3 respectively in South West Direction.
o Resultant Concentrations after Implementation of the Project The maximum incremental GLCs due to the proposed project for NO2, SO2 are superimposed on the maximum baseline concentration of NO2, SO2 concentrations recorded during the study period to arrive at the likely resultant concentrations during the same period after implementation of the proposed project and are tabulated in Table 61 and 62.
TABLE 61 PREDICTED INCREMENTAL GLCS 3 3 Scenario No NO2 g/m SO2 g/m SC-I (Flare Stack Normal Operation & Gas Engine) 1.015 - SC-II (Flare Stack Emergency Operation & Gas Engine) 16.06 0.142 1.4 km, SW
TABLE 62 RESULTANT INCREMENTAL GLCS Scenario Baseline Incremental GLC Resultant GLC 3 3 3 3 3 3 NO2 g/m SO2 g/m NO2 g/m SO2 g/m NO2 g/m SO2 g/m Normal 12.0 10.8 1.015 - 13.015 10.8 Operation Emergency 12.0 10.8 16.06 0.142 28.06 10.942 Operation
Perusal of above Table shows that the maximum resultant concentrations are well within the NAAQ Standards. Thus, the normal operation of Flare Stack or Gas Engine at EPS sites shall not have any adverse impact on the environment and the same can be mitigated by following suggested mitigation measures.
4.6.3 Proposed Mitigation Measures
Technology considerations
Condensate recovery: Check the condensable hydrocarbons (HC) percent in the flare gas. If the flare gas has high content of condensable hydrocarbons at the flare conditions, this liquid fraction should be recovered enabling the facility to spike them back into the main oil export stream.
Gas recovery from atmospheric separators or tanks: Install flare gas recovery system for recovering gas routed to the flare from tanks and process separators. The gas can be routed back to the process. When flare gas recovery evaluations are made, safety, environmental, technical and economic aspects should be included in the evaluation. Even where small volumes of gas from atmospheric separators are concerned, this gas should be recompressed and used as additional gas lift, injection gas or fuel gas instead of sent to
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flare. Note that this flare reduction technique involves the installation of compression equipment.
Gas recovery/transfer as a multiphase stream: Transfer gas from satellite wells to the main facility by transforming an oil-water pipe into a gas-liquid pipe (e.g. use a multiphase pump that would require less space than a compressor).
Gas re-injection or enhanced oil recovery: In some cases, flaring can be avoided by re- injecting the gas downhole. Gas injector wells can be drilled as new wells. However, it may also be possible to transform an existing producer or water injector into a gas injector via well works (re-perforations, etc.). If it is not possible to use gas re-injection for enhanced oil recovery, an option that should be evaluated is the injection of the gas into another non- producing reservoir/geological formation.
Gas recovery using an internal combustion (IC) engine: For operations where a gas turbine cannot be installed, an associated gas engine can provide power for compression. Gas engines have high energy efficiency (40%) and when coupled with a reciprocating compressor, they can be adapted to a low flow volume and high compression ratio. IC engines are heavier than turbines for an equivalent power generated, and maintenance and vibration aspects can be an issue. Fuel gas conditioning might also be required for an IC engine.
Gas recovery via a gas ejector: Install a gas ejector to recover the energy from a high pressure well to recompress low pressure gas instead of flaring it. Ejectors can also be used to recover gas from storage tanks (vent reduction application). (See the template for Ejectors.)
Gas recovery in a vapour recovery unit: Recover LP/LLP gas or flare gas/blanket gas from oil storage tanks into a flare gas recovery unit. (See the template for VOC recovery systems.)
Gas recovery in vapour recovery compressors: Install vapour recovery compressors to capture vented or flared gas, or route the gas stream into the suction of an existing compressor.
Dehydrator flash gas recovery: During dehydration by absorption in the glycol contactor, methane and other hydrocarbons are also absorbed. In the flash drum and the reboiler, part of the hydrocarbons are flashed and vented to atmosphere or flared. Furthermore, the stripping gas can also be sent to flare. To recover the gas, redirect the dehydration skid flash drum vapours/overhead drum gas to the reboiler fuel gas supply, either directly to a dedicated burner or mixed with the rest of the fuel gas. Recovered gas can be also routed to other LP fuel gas consumers such as an amine reboiler, gas motors and crude heating. Also, the stripping gas consumed in the glycol regenerator can be optimized to reduce the stripping gas consumption of the glycol unit but still maintain the dew point specification. Optimization needs to be carried out with care due to, e.g. hydrate risk, off-spec gas.
4.7 Noise Environment
EPS facility will generate noise during all phases of development including the pre- commissioning stage, construction activities, EPS Operation, maintenance, decommissioning and road transportation. However, the noise generation at various stages shall be for intermittent duration and major activity of operation has been considered for
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prediction of noise impacts. For computing the noise levels at various distances with respect to the project site, noise levels are predicted using a user-friendly model.
4.7.1 Mathematical Model for Sound Wave Propagation During Operation
For an approximate estimation of dispersion of noise in the ambient from the source point, a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation is used. The sound pressure level generated by noise sources decreases with increasing distance from the source due to wave divergence. An additional decrease in sound pressure level with distance from the source is expected due to atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.
For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogenous loss free medium, one can estimate noise levels at various locations, due to different sources using model based on first principles, as per the following equation: r2 Lp2 Lp1Log ( ) (1) r1 Where Lp2 and Lp1 area Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) at points located at distances r2 and r1 from the source. The combined effect of all the sources then can be determined at various locations by the following equation.
( Lp1 /10) ( Lp2 /10) ( Lp3 /10) Lp(Total) 10 Log(10 10 10 ...... ) (2)
Where, Lp1, Lp2, Lp3 are noise pressure levels at a point due to different sources.
Based on the above equations a user-friendly model has been taken. The details of the model are as follows: Maximum number of sources is limited to 200; Noise levels can be predicted at any distance specified from the source; Model is designed to take flat terrain; Coordinates of the sources in meters; Maximum and Minimum levels are calculated by the model; Output of the model in the form of isopleths; and Environmental attenuation factors and machine corrections have not been incorporated in the model but corrections are made for the measured Leq levels.
4.7.2 Input for the Model
The prediction of incremental noise levels due to the operation phase of the proposed EPS has been carried out using mathematical model.
Identifying sources of noise Major noise sources as cumulative noise source has been identified. The input to the model has been taken as the cumulative noise of all noise-generating sources. During operations, the main sources of noise and vibration pollution are likely to emanate from flaring and operating equipment. Noise sources include flares, vents, pumps, compressors, generators, and heaters. As the project will have continuous operation, variations are experienced in the noise quality with duration and impact is experienced by the communities residing in close vicinity. The expected noise levels from various operations are provided in Table 63.
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TABLE 63: EXPECTED SOURCES OF NOISE S. No Noise Generating Component Noise Level Range [dB(A)] 1 Vehicular movement 60-65 2 Office & Stores 55-60 3 Pumps & Compressors 70-75 4 Flares & Vents 85-100 5 Ground Service Vehicles 70-75 6 Gas Engines 75-90
Noise due to vehicular transportation of vehicles and heavy equipment, viz., equipment transport outside the EPS site premises will be of intermittent nature and well mitigated and has not be considered for noise level predictions.
4.7.3 Results & Discussion
The ambient noise levels in the study area are determined by community sources in residential areas and localized traffic. In general the ambient noise levels in the settlement areas were what could be expected for rural residential areas during the day and night. No other sensitive receptors have been identified in near vicinity of 1 km from the project site. However, the silence zone areas around hospitals, educational institutions, courts, religious places, etc. do exist in the study area. Presently, there are no other industrial noise sources in vicinity of EPS site. The general community in the study area is predominantly rural.
It is observed that high noise levels will be conformed to work zone areas only. It can be seen that noise levels get diffused rapidly with distance. The ambient noise levels recorded in the study area are found to range between 39.7 to 50.0 dB (A) during day-time and 32.7 to 37.8 dB (A) during night-time respectively. Considering the noise level predictions in the EPS, the predicted noise levels indicate that the noise contours of less than 30 dB(A) occurs at 1 km distance from EPS. The predicted maximum noise levels are lesser than or equal to the monitored ambient baseline noise levels during day time. However, there will be substantial increase in ambient noise levels during night time.
Scheduling deliveries to daytime as much as possible would minimize noise generation by vehicular/heavy equipment movement. Compressors, pumps, vehicles and miscellaneous equipment’s during EPS operation, will generate noise. However, proper acoustic enclosures would be provided to control the noise level within 85dB, as per the requirement of Operational and Safety and Health Administration Standard (OSHA).
Work Zone Noise Levels The damage risk criteria as enforced by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) to reduce hearing loss, stipulates that noise level up to 90 dB (A) are acceptable for 8 hour working shift per day. It was observed from the modeling results that high noise levels ranging between 45-65 dB(A) are limited to work zone only. At the EPS site boundary, noise levels will be varying between 45.0 dB(A) to 50.0 dB(A).
Adequate protective measures in the form of ear muffs/ear plugs and noise insulated units at site will be provided to the workers working in high noise areas. All the necessary noise protective equipment will be supplied to workmen operating near high noise generating sources. In addition, reduction in noise levels in the high noise machinery areas could be achieved by adoption of suitable preventive measures such as suitable building layout in which the equipment are to be located.
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Community Noise Levels Day and night sound pressure levels Ldn is often used to describe the community noise exposure, which includes 10 dB(A) night time penalty. The predicted incremental noise levels at a distance of 100 to 300 m from the EPS boundary would be less than <30.0 dB(A). Most of the human settlements are at a distance of 0.1 km from the proposed EPS layout boundary, except for a few.
Mitigation Measures Well-designed facility siting will be ensured Adequate engineering control during equipment installation stage will be ensured. Noise levels will be checked by providing engineered sound barriers, and sound insulation on various units Proper acoustic enclosures would be provided to control the noise level within 85dB, as per the requirement of OSHA. Adoption of sound-absorbing materials will be ensured to minimize noise and vibration from the various units. All workers and visitors will be provided Personnel Protective Equipment’s (PPE) like ear plugs and ear muffs Gas Engines will be provided with enclosures, mufflers and regular maintenance will be ensures as per standard operating procedures. Proper and timely maintenance of machineries and preventive maintenance of vehicles is to be adopted to reduce noise levels. It will be ensured to execute all noise generating operations during day-time only.
4.7.4 Summary & Conclusion
In summary, it can be stated that the impact on the ambient noise levels due to proposed EPS will be restricted with proper siting of units, engineered sound barriers, PPE and sound insulation on various units, the impact will be mitigated at site.
4.8 Water Environment
The water requirement in EPS is mainly meant for washings and domestic use. The water requirement for domestic and wash use is very less. In the present project proposal, the daily water consumption will be around 20 m3/d of which 5 m3/d will be used for domestic purposes including drinking.
Produced water will be treated at Lingala ETP for further treatment and disposal to subsurface below 1000 m as per APPCB Norms.
Proper bunds will be provided around all chemical and fuel storage areas, to prevent contaminated run-off to mix with storm-water drainage system.
Adequate storm water management will be ensured at site and process wastewater will not be mixed in storm water.
4.8.1 Source for Groundwater Pollution:
Groundwater pollution from oil & gas production is typically point-source pollution, which means that it is typically limited to identifiable number of sites with high concentrations of the contaminant; nonetheless, the impact of each individual incident may be very different
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depending on the hydrogeological conditions and the contaminant mix. Point source pollution form oil & gas production form Collapse of well hole, wellbore fluids lost to water bearing formation, casing rupture & well blow out. Shallow aquifers are particularly vulnerable to contamination, since there is only a thin layer of sediment to protect the groundwater body which is few meters below the surface. As a consequence, emissions on the surface are more easily transported to the groundwater; on the other hand, a larger share of the contaminated groundwater feeds to surface waters. While this raises the probability of adverse effects on dependent ecosystems, it means that contamination episodes in shallow aquifers are likely to be more short lived than in deep aquifers where there is less exchange with surface water bodies.
In coastal areas, aquifers are frequently threatened by sea water intrusions into the aquifer; this problem is referred to as saline intrusion. It is an example of the interconnectedness of qualitative and quantitative aspects of groundwater protection. Coastal areas are over- exploited is there a chance for saltwater to intrude into the unsaturated zone. In some parts of study area saline intrusion is one of the main causes for groundwater quality degradation in coastal areas. One peculiarity of saline intrusion is that the quality degradation is not due to man-made pollution. Several sources of wastes are generated during operations and may require storage at the site for subsequent disposal.
4.8.2 Aquifer Protection Measures
Abstractions of groundwater must be limited. During the oil & gas production some common accidents anticipated that will be source of groundwater pollution. Preventive or corrective methods during accidents are given in below Table 64.
TABLE 64 : ACCIDENTS IMPACTING GROUNDWATER & PREVENTIVE METHODS Accident Impact on Groundwater Preventive or Corrective action Collapse of If collapse is in water bearing Cementing of casing will seal off well hole formation. affected area. Wellbore Introduction of fluids into aquifer. Add ”lost circulation” controlling fluids last to Possible salt, chemical or heavy material (e.g. walnut hulls, water bearing metal pollution to an otherwise sawdust, chopped cellulose, formation useful water source. ground mica, etc.,) most of such additives will remain in the formation. Cementing of casing will seal off affected area. Casing If rupture is opposite a water bearing Proper management of well and rupture formation and if cementing ruptures pressurization during hydrostatic also, formation fluids will enter fracturing should minimize aquifer if pressure is greater than potential for casing ruptures. artesian pressure in aquifer. Following an occurrence the Pollution may occur if direct contact casing must be repaired or in strata occurs or infiltration from replaced, if possible. surface if rupture causes a surface
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Accident Impact on Groundwater Preventive or Corrective action spill. Equipment Leakage of hydrocarbons or other Frequent inspections of structural contaminates, onto soils and equipment, replacement of worn failure and percolation into the shallow aquifer or fatigued parts. Immediate spills system. clean-up of any spills.
4.9 Waste Generation
Major sources of solid waste at the proposed EPS will be construction waste, waste oil and other domestic waste. Construction waste will be disposed off with the dealers. Domestic waste will be disposed off through municipality. Oily waste which is hazardous is listed in Table 65.
TABLE 65 : OILY (HYDROCARBON) WASTE Description Source Hazardous Basel Alternative characteristics Convention Recycling, Classification Treatment & Disposal Technologies Crude Oil Process High salt and Y9; A4060 Thermal Desalter petroleum Waste treatment Sludge hydrocarbons, Oils/water, Treat, PAHs Flammable? Hydrocarbons/ contain and Corrosive? water disposal to mixtures, landfill Oily Water Oily water Petroleum emulsions. Oil drains Hydrocarbons, separators from PAHs for recovery Processin of oil g area Oil returned Process to process or oily water use as HFO Oily Oily water Petroleum Thermal Sand/Scale drains Hydrocarbons, treatment, and Sludge Oil PAHs Composting Separator Treat, s contain and Pipelines disposal to Storage landfill tanks Drilling Fluids Well drilling Hitch salt and Thermal and Cuttings and petroleum treatment, deepening hydrocarbons, Treat, PAHs, bentonite contain and clay, water, barium disposal to sulphate and landfill specialized additives. Hydraulic Oil Mechanical Petroleum Recover oil and Pipes Workshops Hydrocarbons, for fuel
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Description Source Hazardous Basel Alternative characteristics Convention Recycling, Classification Treatment & Disposal Technologies Heavy metals Dispose pipes to landfill Lubricating Oil Mechanical Petroleum Recover oil Workshops Hydrocarbons, and use as Heavy metals HFO, or compounds present External as additives, e.g. recycling Zn, Mo, etc. company Grease Mechanical Can contain Heavy Recover Workshops metals and where Antimony as possible and additives include in used oil/HFO Thermal treatment Compost Dispose to landfill Cutting oil Mechanical Petroleum Recycle as Workshops Hydrocarbons, fuel heavy metal Thermal compounds present treatment of as additives. solid reidues Contaminated Mechanical Petroleum Thermal rags Workshops Hydrocarbons, treatment degreasers Composting Dispose to landfill Oil Mechanic Petroleum Thermal Contaminated al Hydrocarbons, treatment Soil/Adsorbent workshop degreasers Composting s s Dispose to Product landfill collection areas Refueling areas Oil Filters Mechanical Petroleum Recover oil Workshops hydrocarbons, and recycle degreasers metal components
Mitigation Measures Clearing of vegetation is not applicable as the site is already under the possesion of ONGC and is already brought into Industrial use due to the existing well.
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Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste generation during the construction phase requires proper disposal. Spillages, if any; Waste oil generation can contaminate soil if not treated and disposed properly Domestic waste can contaminate soil, release air emissions and odour, create public nuisance and cause various diseases, if not contained and managed well Hazardous waste generation shall be restricted to EPS site only. Generation of Waste oil/ Used oil in very negligible quantity and shall be used for internal purpose for Oil / greasing whereas Oily cotton waste will be sent to approved TSDF site. Oil sludge generated will be sent to authorized recyclers. Hazardous Waste storage shall be properly designated and concreted. Domestic Solid waste generated at site will be segregated at source (Organic / inorganic) & disposed accordingly. General wastes, scrap metal and wood will be segregated and will be disposed off appropriately to authorized recyclers. All plastic/paper waste will be collected and will be disposed off to scrap dealers. Waste lubricants and hydraulic oil generated from the equipment will be disposed off to authorized waste recyclers. Containers of oil and other materials will be sold to APPCB/CPCB authorized recyclers. Oily cotton waste shall be segregated at source and shall be sent to authorized incinerator for disposal. Proper provision of storage area and disposal method for solid and hazardous waste Provision of concrete pit for storage of waste (produced) water
4.10 Socio-economic Environment – Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Need base assessment of the villages The objective of the need base assessment was to know views on the project activities and expectation of the community residing in the study area from the project authority. A structured questionnaire was used for the community consultation survey in the study area. Data collected for education, drinking water, health, communication, power, market facilities etc.
In addition, consultations were held with the Sarpanch, school teachers and village elders to get an idea about the social structure of the village, immediate infrastructural needs of the village and type of support required from the project proponent to improve the living standards of the village community and cope with the changes that are associated with industrialization. Collected data interpreted and analysed to know the needs of the villagers. Main issues of the study area were found drinking water problem in summer season, sanitation, no proper medical facility in villages, lack of employment opportunities etc.
Based on the survey findings, it was observed that sanitation, drainage, health facilities, were lacking in villages. Development in those field is needed for the development of the villages.
Impact assessment The proposed EPS can bring impacts on the community residing near. Impacts can be positive in terms of employment and living standards or negative for resource utilisation,
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pollution etc based on the activities of EPS. It is very important to assess the impact due to the project activities.
Impacts and Mitigation Measures The project impacts are positive due to employment generation, development in infrastructural facilities etc. Negative impacts are negligible. Employment generation in the field of (skilled, semi-skilled and un - skilled workers) for EPS, land clearing and other works will provide employment opportunities in surrounding villages.
Transportation activities will be increased. It may be possible that due to use of different types of vehicles in the project site may get disturbance to village roads and villagers. During foundation & Operation phase of EPS, dust generation may affect nearby agricultural area to some extent.
ONGC management will take efforts as a part of CSR for improvement in civic amenities like sanitation, drinking water facilities, transport road, etc. in the nearby villages. Employment opportunities to local work force Appoint trained driver for the transportation purpose, use of well-maintained vehicles, proper sign, symbol boards for drivers
4.11 Biological Impact Assessment Methodology
Impacts on biological components were identified by following various steps as explained in following different sections. All biological impacts have been assessed considering that, all operational / engineering control suggested in EMP will be properly implemented.
4.11.1 Identification of Extent of Likely Impact Zone (LIZ) Area
Extent of LIZ area can be mapped through superimposing air pollution dispersion model, noise dispersion model, drainage pattern on the project study area (Core Zone + Buffer Zone) map (toposheet or LULC map). Sometimes, in absence or unavailability of above said details, extent of LIZ area can be considered around the project boundary as suggested by EIA coordinator.
4.11.2 Identification of Likely Impacts
Likely impacts on the biological components have been identified on the basis of activities and associated aspects involved in the different phases of project cycle and various ecosystems or habitats falling in the identified LIZ area.
4.11.3 Scoring of Biological Consequences
The consequences due to impacts on various biological components have been categorized into 5 levels ranging from insignificant to severe consequence and are given in the following Table 66. It consists of flora, fauna and habitat / ecosystem level impacts.
TABLE 66: BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES SCORING SCHEME Consequences Likely Impact Receiving Components Score (CS) (Ecosystem, habitat and Species Level) Insignificant Site specific clearing (removal) of common flora i.e. herbs, shrubs,
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Consequences Likely Impact Receiving Components Score (CS) (Ecosystem, habitat and Species Level) Consequence grasses, climbers. - 1 Score Vegetation composition does not form a habitat character for any species of conservation significance. No short term or long term impacts are likely to adversely affect the surrounding habitat / ecosystem. Site specific disturbance to common / generalist faunal species (e.g. movement pattern, displacement etc.). No negative impacts on surrounding ecosystem functioning or habitat ecology. Site specific loss (removal) of some common species of regenerating tree saplings. Minor temporary impacts on ecosystem functioning or habitat ecology of Minor common / generalist species. Consequence Minor short term / long term impacts on surrounding / immediate / - 2 Score adjacent habitats but are resilient to changes in habitat structure or condition. Impact on surrounding agro-ecosystem / agriculture when environmental data / parameters are within permissible limits. Site specific clearing (removal) of some common well grown tree / trees Site specific loss of nesting / breeding habitat of common / generalist species of flora-fauna but will not result in permanent loss of habitat. Moderate Short term or long term impacts having potential to affect adversely the Consequence surrounding habitat character/ habitat ecology/ functioning of - 3 Score ecosystem. Impact on surrounding agro-ecosystem / agriculture when physical parameters with marginal increase but can be mitigated. Or likely cumulative impact. Site specific impact on threatened species but impacted species is widely distributed outside the project site. Short term impacts may lead to loss of abundance or extent, but unlikely to cause local population Major extinction. Consequence Site specific habitat loss of fauna listed in IUCN, WCMC, Birdlife - 4 points International, or any other international literature - secondary information. Impacts on habitats / ecosystems of international importance. Impact on Notified areas / species having legal protection under various Severe acts / notifications including proposed areas / species or under Consequence consideration. Species mentioned in BSI, Red Data Book, ZSI, or - 5 points literature published by any State Govt. Institute, University or Collage etc.
4.11.4 Quantifying the Probability of Occurrence of the Impact
After identifying the consequence severity, the possibility of occurrence also needs to be estimated to visualize entire scenario of biological impact. Following Table 67 provides probability / likelihood ratings on a scale of 1 to 5. These ratings are used for estimating the likelihood of each occurrence.
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TABLE 67: OCCURRENCE FREQUENCY ASSESSMENT Occurrence Description Occurrence Frequency Frequency Score (OFS) Regular Definite / Constant / continuous event / each day 5 Frequent happen several times each year 4 Periodic May happen a few times each year 3 Occasional May happen few times during the project life cycle 2 One time project activity (with reversible / short term Rare impact) / Rare event during the project life cycle or 1 accidental / unintentional event
4.11.5 Quantifying Biological Impact
Biological Impact Score (BIS) is calculated by multiplying the Consequence Score (CS) and the Occurrence Frequency Score (OFS) together. As a result, {BIS = CS × OFS}.
The final score is in relative point score, rather than actual impact. The impact evaluation is carried out assuming an implementation of sound management programmes to maintain healthy biological environment conditions. Also, helps to frame mitigation measures for reducing the ecological impact and thereafter, formulate effective Environmental Management Plans (EMPs).
4.11.6 Categorization of Intensity of Biological Impact
Biological impacts are categorized in to five levels from Insignificant to Extremely Severe. Each level of impact needs different action to manage / control / supervise it in proper way. Details are tabulated in the following Table 68.
Table 68: Categorization of Biological Impacts Biological Score Necessary Action Impact Proposed project activity should not proceed in current form unless Extremely > 20 clearance / approval / NOC (other than EC) from competent Severe authorities (e.g. forest clearance / wildlife clearance etc.). Operation subject to management by operational controls. 11 to Moderate Proposed activity should be operated subject to strong 20 Severe management and strong operational controls / or modification. No immediate action required unless escalation of risk is possible. Less 1 to 10 Operation subject to periodic monitoring / surveillance / Severe observation.
4.11.7 Likely Impacts on Biological Environment
4.11.7.1. Identification of Extent of Likely Impact Zone (LIZ) Area
An area of 500 m. around the project site has been considered as a LIZ area to identify impacting biological components. Accordingly, LIZ area includes agriculture and aquaculture ponds.
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4.11.7.2. Identification of Likely Impacts
Following impacts have been determined on the basis of the various project activities, associated aspects involved in various stages of the project cycle, and ecological setting / condition of the LIZ area. Details are given in the following Table 69.
TABLE 69: LIKELY IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS Proposed Project S. No. Aspects Likely Impacts Activities 1. Pre Commissioning Phage 1. Loss of floral and associated Uprooting of faunal diversity vegetation / 1 Minor clearing of site 2. Disturbance to the faunal generation of movement (terrestrial noise biodiversity). 2. Construction / Establishment Phage 3. Disturbance to normal faunal Installation associated Generation of 2 movement (terrestrial activities at site. noise biodiversity). Particulate Matter (PM), Emission from operation of oxides of 4. Impact on surrounding Gas Engine, movement of Nitrogen (NOx), 3 habitats due to gaseous construction equipment and Sulphur emissions. vehicular movement etc. dioxide (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO). 3. Operation and Maintenance 5. Impact of surrounding agriculture / vegetation due to Operation of power source Emission of PM, emission of PM, SO2 and NOx 4 and generator facilities – SO2, NOx and disturbance to normal Gas Engine (in EPS). faunal movements in surrounding habitats. Generation of 6. Impact on surrounding 5 Flaring (in EPS) heat and vegetation due to generation of Emission of NOx heat and NOx during Flaring. Storage and handling of Spillage or leak 7. Contamination of water, 6 crude oil (in EPS) of crude oil habitat and soil. 4. Decommissioning Pollutant substances (i.e. Leaving / deserting / 8. Contamination of habitat and 7 Burnt oil, Lead dumping of waste materials soil. Acid Batteries, Oil Filters)
4.11.7.3. Quantifying Biological Impact
Impacts on the flora, fauna and habitats have assessed in the following Table 70 on the basis of multiplication of Consequence Score (CS) and the Occurrence Frequency Score (OFS) together.
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TABLE 70: BIOLOGICAL IMPACT SCORING S. Impact Scoring Likely Impact Description Remarks No. CS OFS BIS 1. Pre Commissioning Phage Loss of floral diversity: Because of existing 1 company site no extensive site clearing will be 1 5 5 Less Severe required. No tree cutting. Disturbance to the fauna / faunal movement: Common faunal species expected well adapted to 2 1 5 5 Less Severe the routine activities. So there they may not face significant adverse impact. 2. Construction / Establishment Phage Disturbance to the fauna / faunal movement: Common faunal species expected well adapted to 3 1 5 5 Less Severe the routine activities. So there they may not face significant adverse impact. Impact on surrounding habitats due to gaseous emissions: Emissions expected from operation of Gas Engines, movement of various equipment and vehicle movement etc. Since the resultant 4 PM, SO2 and NO2 levels in the study area will be 1 5 5 Less Severe kept within the prescribed statutory limits through various engineering operational control, so no major deleterious impacts on the air environment from the project are expected. 3. Operation and Maintenance Phase Impact of surrounding agriculture / vegetation due to emission of PM, SO2 and NO2 and disturbance 5 1 5 5 Less Severe to normal faunal movements in surrounding habitats: as described in impact 4 as above. Impact on surrounding vegetation due to generation of heat and NO2 during Flaring: 6 1 5 5 Less Severe Flaring will be at EPS site only and it’s not a usual activity. Contamination of water, habitat and soil is expected due Spillage or leak of crude oil. 7 1 5 5 Less Severe However, due to operational control consequences expected will be rare. 4. Decommissioning Contamination of habitat and soil is expected due to Leaving / deserting / dumping of waste 8 1 5 5 Less Severe materials. However, due to operational control consequences expected will be rare.
4.11.7.4. Mitigation Measures
Considering above various impacts, apart from various operational / engineering controls following mitigation measures will be implemented to improve / maintain biological conditions of the project area environ. Detail description is given in the following Table 71.
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Table 71: Likely Impacts and Suggested Mitigation Measures Impact Likely Impact Description Impact Justification and Mitigation Measures S. No. 1. Pre Commissioning Phage Loss of floral diversity No immediate action is required since no extensive associated faunal diversity vegetation clearance is required. However, greenbelt will be developed with suitable species as following 1&2 CPCB guidelines. This greenbelt will serve as a barrier to mitigate minor impact and; to enhance habitat status & ecological conditions of the area. 2. Construction / Establishment Phage Disturbance to normal No immediate action is required. However, all project 3 faunal movement related activities should be carried out day time only. (terrestrial biodiversity). However, all vehicles and earth moving equipment should be PUC certified. Appropriate measures should Impact on surrounding be taken for dust suppression. However, thick greenbelt 4 habitats due to gaseous development has been suggested to mitigate this emissions. impact and enhance habitat status of the project area. All operational control should be implemented. 3. Operation and Maintenance Impact of surrounding agriculture / vegetation due to emission of PM, So2 Greenbelt development has been suggested to avoid 5 and No2 from Gas Engines impacts on the surrounding habitats. and disturbance to normal faunal movements in surrounding habitats. Impact on surrounding vegetation due to Greenbelt development has been suggested to avoid 6 generation of heat and impacts on the surrounding habitats. NO2 during Flaring. Contamination of water, 7 habitat and soil due to Requires operational control spillage or leak of crude oil 4. Decommissioning Contamination of habitat and soil due to pollutant 8 substances (i.e. Burnt oil, Requires operational / engineering control. Lead Acid Batteries, Oil Filters)
4.12 Summary of Identified Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures
TABLE 72 : CONSOLIDATED IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES FOR EPS S.No Impacts Mitigation Measures 1 Air Emissions A flare stack of 30 m height shall be provided at Emissions from Gas existing EPS. Engines Gas produced shall be supplied to nearby industries Flaring of and flaring shall be restricted to technical flaring only.
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S.No Impacts Mitigation Measures associated gas Fugitive emissions may result from handling and Emissions from storage of hydrocarbons (crude & diesels) which are vehicular very minor. movement; At the time of transportation dust will be generated. Water spraying to be done on the access roads to control re-entrained dust during dry season(if required); The engines and exhaust systems of all vehicles and equipment used will be maintained as such, that exhaust emissions are low and do not breach statutory limits set for the concerned vehicle/equipment type; Ensuring the availability of valid Pollution Under Control Certificates (PUCC) for all vehicles 2 Noise Generation Sufficient engineering control during installation of Noise from equipment’s and machineries is to be ensured to Production reduce noise levels at source; Operation Proper and timely maintenance of vehicles is to be Noise from vehicular adopted to reduce noise levels; Traffic / movement All noise generating operations, (except anything Noise from Gas directly related to Production operations) to be engine restricted to daytime only to the extent possible; Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE) like ear plugs/muffs is to be provided to all the workers at site and it shall be ensured that the same are worn by everyone during their shift. 3 Wastewater Generation Produced water storage and loading bay facilities to transfer produced water to Lingala ETP for further treatment and disposal to subsurface below 1000 m as per APPCB Norms. Waste water generation will be from domestic usage and produced water. All chemical and fuel storage areas shall have proper bunds so that contaminated run-off cannot meet the storm-water drainage system; Company shall strive continually on Reduce, Recycle, and Fuel and Crude oil shall be stored in Reuse principle. Chemical shall be stored in proper packing under shed, Spill control mechanism 4 Land On completion of works (installation of additional Tanks, Separators etc) at EPS site, surplus materials and wastes will be completely removed; Optimization of land requirement through proper site lay out design 5 Soil Management of spillage of contaminants such as oil from equipment’s, etc. on the Soil; Chemicals to be stored at concrete paved designated area, with roofs Proper arrangement of soak pits to be provided at the production site for disposal of domestic waste water; Hazardous waste generated at site shall be segregated
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S.No Impacts Mitigation Measures at source based on the categories and stored on concrete paved designated area with roofs. 6 Solid and Hazardous Hazardous waste generation shall be restricted to EPS Waste Management site only. Generation of Waste oil/ Used oil in very negligible quantity and shall be used for internal purpose for Oil / greasing whereas Oily cotton waste will be sent to approved TSDF site. Oil sludge generated will be sent to authorized recyclers. Hazardous Waste storage shall be properly designated and concreted. Domestic Solid waste generated at site will be segregated at source (Organic / inorganic) & disposed accordingly. General wastes, scrap metal and wood will be segregated and will be disposed off appropriately to authorized recyclers. All plastic/paper waste will be collected and will be disposed off to scrap dealers. Waste lubricants and hydraulic oil generated from the equipment will be disposed off to authorized waste recyclers. Containers of oil and other materials will be sold to APPCB/CPCB authorized recyclers. Oily cotton waste shall be segregated at source and shall be sent to authorized incinerator for disposal. Proper provision of storage area and disposal method for solid and hazardous waste Provision of concrete pit for storage of waste (produced) water 7 Socio Economic Generation of indirect employment in the region due to the requirement of workers, supply of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would marginally improve the economic status of the people. Result in an increase in local skill levels through exposure to activities. As the existing loose / soft surface roads, shall be upgraded to facilitate the movement of the heavy equipment required, the project in turn would lead to improvement in transport facilities. CSR activities shall be carried out by ONGC, under the directive of Government of Andhra Pradesh which shall help in improvement of facilities in the area. 8 Flora and Fauna Flaring (if required) shall be restricted to technical Impact on terrestrial flaring and shall be done as per OMR 1984 standard to fauna due to noise minimize effect on avifauna. Project Acoustic enclosure shall be provided to Gas Engines to infrastructure will disturb reduce the noise intensity agriculture land of site Development of plantation of native species to
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S.No Impacts Mitigation Measures Spillage, substitute the access cutting, site preparation, which leakage may produce shall provide habitat, food and breeding areas to birds, chemical spillage which small animals and insects will disrupt agriculture of Use existing facilities (e.g. Access Roads) to the extent nearby farm possible to minimize the amount of new disturbance Production Avoid use of unnecessary lighting at night to avoid activity ( tanker attracting avifauna movement) may Site clearing is not there as the EPS area is already increase deposition of under the possesion of ONGC and well BTSAD is dust and dust settling on available. the vegetation which may alter or limit plants' abilities to photosynthesize and/or reproduce 9 Occupational Health Providing PPE to site workers and staff member or and risk to surrounding ensuring it through contractors. community Acoustic enclosures will be provided to Gas Engines Noise generated and other noise generating equipment. during operational ONGC will develop and implement a spill management activity may affect plan to prevent risk of spill which may cause health the workers and staff problem. members. All operational activities shall be carried out in Handling of confirmation with applicable OISD standards/ chemicals, fuel, may regulations/ guidelines. cause health hazard Regular internal / external HSE inspection shall be if not handled carried out. properly. Community awareness with regards to Operation Injuries including activities and Risk and Hazards associated with the fatality of workers as same shall be carried out. well as damage to surrounding communities. 10 Chemical, Fuel & Fuel and Crude oil will be stored in tanks which has Crude Storage provision of bund, Chemical will be stored in proper packing under shed Spill control mechanism
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5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 Alternate Location for the Proposed Project
No alternative site is applicable for this project, as there are existing wells nearer to the site. The proposed project is for the development of the block. The proposed EPS will be set up within BTSAD well Location to eliminate the foot prints
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6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
6.1 Introduction
All the environmental parameters viz. air, water, noise, soil, etc are being monitored regularly in order to detect any changes from the baseline status. Monitoring program is being carried out regularly every year as per the schedule given below
6.2 Air Quality Monitoring
Four locations in core zone and four locations in the buffer zone will be monitored on twenty four hourly basis for two days in a week, twelve weeks in every season except monsoon
6.3 Noise Level Monitoring
Noise levels in the working area will be monitored once in every season till the continuation of operations. Ambient noise levels will also be monitored once in a season in the buffer zone order to get the overall look of the noise status and its effects on the surrounding community.
6.4 Water Quality Monitoring
Water quality will be monitored in every season. The concentration of heavy metals will be checked for likely contamination. Samples will also be collected from available surface water. Ground water quality will also be monitored in order to know the impacts of project operations. This data will be compared to baseline to evaluate the efficacy of the adopted mitigation measures and if further corrective measures are needed. Water levels are also being monitored on seasonal basis in surrounding wells, to assess the impact on ground water regime quantitatively.
6.5 Water Quality Monitoring
Soil samples will be collected from the study area in the areas and quality will be checked once every season except monsoon in order to observe any deviations in the impacts of the operations and the corresponding improvement in the fertility of the soil. The monitoring system will also include:
TABLE 73 : SUMMARY - MONITORING PROGRAMME S.NO. PARAMETERS SCHEDULE LOCATION 1 Air quality 24 hourly Monitoring for 12 weeks in 4 in core zone monitoring pre, post-monsoon & winter season 4 in buffer zone every year 2 Noise quality Once in pre, post-monsoon & winter Core & Buffer zone monitoring season every year 3 Water quality Pre-monsoon, Monsoon, Post Surface water monitoring monsoon and winter season bodies including seasonal streams nearby and ground water from nearby villages
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S.NO. PARAMETERS SCHEDULE LOCATION 4 Soil quality analysis Once in a year, preferably during dry 4 locations from the season area around the core zone 5 Green belt / Once in a year Plantation area Plantation 6 Socio Economic As per need based assessment Study area Developmental activities
6.6 Environmental Management Cell
For implementation of Environment Management Plan, an Environment Management Cell will be formed under the control of the Project Manager. The EMC will be headed by an Environmental engineer/scientist with sufficient trained manpower in his charge. The responsibilities of this cell will be:
1. Implementation of pollution control measures 2. Monitoring programme implementation 3. Post-plantation care 4. To check the efficiency of pollution control measures taken 5. Any other activity as may be related to environment 6. Seeking expert’s advice when needed 7. Submission of the various compliance reports to the statutory authorities like SPCB/MoEF& CC, etc.
6.7 Environmental Monitoring Cost
The Monitoring Cost for one Year will be approximately 12 Lakhs per Annum (3 lakhs per season X 4 Seasons).
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7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1. Risk Assessment
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) Rajahmundry Asset, India, plans to establish an Early Production System (EPS) at BTSAD Bhimavaram. As part of the procedure for clearance by the MOEF&CC, ONGC need to submit a rapid risk assessment of the operations. ONGC has commissioned Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited (BALPL) to conduct a rapid risk assessment of the proposed EPS and to establish the Risk Criteria and based on it provide recommendations and Mitigation measures to bring the level of risk to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). ONGC intends EPS with a capacity of 7LSCMD of Gas.
7.1.1. Rapid Risk Assessment Approach
Study Assumptions The quantified risk assessment (QRA) approach used in this rapid risk assessment is necessarily generic in nature as the EPS is yet to be selected. However, a credible QRA can be achieved by the careful setting of assumptions and generally by taking a conservative view of the event frequency, equipment performance and consequence modelling. This will be the approach that has been followed in this study.
The principal study assumptions regarding: lifecycle, study scope, EPS data, legislative compliance, support services, operating practices are contained in Table 72. These assumptions have been applied to all generic QRA’s. In addition, modelling assumptions specific to EPS are provided below.
ALARP Risk Principles The ONGC definition of risk tolerability, against which all the QRA results have been assessed, below The definition of what level of risk is tolerable, difficult and necessarily subjective. For safety risks ONGC has adopted the ALARP principle (as low as reasonably practical) outlined in Figure 35 below.
In general terms, the risk should be considered to be ALARP if the cost of reducing the risk further cannot be justified by the reduction in risk which would occur. For many risks these ALARP considerations may be addressed qualitatively. For high risk situations numerical risk tolerability performance standards are required.
If the risk is not considered to be ALARP even following the correct development and application of control measures, then alternative ways of achieving the operational objective shall be identified and considered. Figure 36 shows the methodology adopted for the rapid risk assessment of the EPS operation.
Qualitative demonstration of ALARP In relatively low risk situations when the ALARP justification is being made qualitatively some or all of the following can be applied where appropriate: demonstration of the application of best practice including technology and management techniques, reference to trends in accident and incident statistics, discussion /comparison of risk levels before and after possible change, i.e. identification of practicable options for reduction of risks following the preferred hierarchy as follows, elimination or minimisation of hazard, engineering design, suitable systems of working, and then personal protective equipment
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FIGURE 35 : RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
FIGURE 36 : ALARP CRITERIA
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Quantitative demonstration of ALARP Where the consequences of a hazard being realised are very high, i.e. where multiple fatalities, severe environmental damage or damage to installations, and/or major loss of production would result, then quantitative risk assessment (QRA) techniques must be used to demonstrate ALARP. It needs to be understood that QRA is not an exact science; it relies on the use of historical data which may be inaccurate or not directly relevant. Nevertheless, it is valuable in comparing risks to identify priorities and can be used with caution to establish absolute levels of risk. These absolute levels can then be compared with criteria which establish the way in which risks are to be treated.
ONGC has determined that, on the basis of generally accepted international risk acceptance criteria: No offshore installation shall pose an individual risk per annum (IRPA) of death to those involved in operating or maintaining the installation from major accidents greater than a 1 in 1,000 chance a year. If this risk can be shown to be less than 1 in 100,000 a year, then it will be accepted; Where the risk lies between these levels, then potential design improvements will be assessed to ensure that risks are reduced to an ALARP level. In other words: an IRPA greater than 1 in 1,000 a year cannot be accepted as ALARP; an IRPA less than 1 in 100,000 a year is automatically accepted; IRPA's between these levels may be accepted but additional safeguards should be examined to ensure that an ALARP level is reached.
Control Measures to Reduce Risks Once it has been decided that a risk needs further control, the means of doing so should be evaluated in the following order of preference: Eliminate the hazard. Occasionally this may prove practicable, for example, by changing the material used, the process or the equipment. An example would be cleaning using a detergent instead of a flammable, toxic solvent; Technical solutions. Engineered control measures, for example enclosures, ventilation systems, alarms, trips and guards. These are relatively independent of the human factor, and generally can be made reliable; Procedural solutions. Doing things in a different way to improve safety relies on individuals complying with procedures. Training and communication are important to ensure that operators recognise the risks and know how to avoid them; Protective equipment (PPE). This is the least satisfactory form of control, and should only be considered after all others have been rejected. It should be noted that introducing controls can produce further risks which may need to be assessed in turn.
Risk cannot be justified save in extraordinary circumstances, Finally, each QRA requires: The identification of major hazards specific to the unit being assessed The construction of an event tree for each major hazard to derive a set of credible sub – events Numerical values for major hazard occurrence frequencies and event probabilities are derived from international accident databases of historical incidents and are combined in the event tree to derive occurrence frequencies for these sub events. BALPL have consistently adopted a conservative modelling approach in defining these frequencies and probabilities. All such modelling assumptions are listed; The modelling of the consequences in terms of potential fatalities from each credible sub event. As these are ’rapid’, generic risk assessments, this modelling does not take the form of detailed physical modelling but rather reflects typical
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outcomes based on historical data. BALPL have consistently adopted a conservative approach in deriving such outcomes and all such modelling assumptions are listed
It is ONGC intention to use the latest generation of EPS for this work. Hence the use of historical records which reflect the performance of potentially lower design and operational standards, may introduce an additional element of conservatism into the approach over and above that inherent in BALPL’s selection and application of data.
TABLE 74 : PRINCIPAL STUDY ASSUMPTIONS Assumption Assumption Description Number Title The risk analysis will assume that the EPS are securely on location and will cover a typical ‘whole lifecycle’ of the well 1 Lifecycle operation including: EPS Operation Decommission of EPS The QRA will address those hazards with the potential to cause a “major incident” (e.g. multiple fatalities) Study 2 The study is confined to events occurring on the EPS and Scope the impact of any releases on the environment. In the event of EPS removal EPS The EPS capacity is Gas processing of 7LSCMD 3 Information BALPL identified all potential environmental sensitivities and Site 4 an appropriate site survey for debris etc in earlier chapters. Information
Operator Operator has and will apply modern Safety Management 5 Information System 6 Acceptable The individual risk per annum (IRPA) will be assessed Risk Levels against the ALARP risk level Industry acceptable data sources will be substantially utilised in the assessments. These include but are not limited to: Supporting UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Hydrocarbon 7 Study Ignition Database Data Purple Book
7.1.1.1. Risk Analysis Results for EPS
Major Accident Hazards (MAH) The major hazards identified for the EPS are shown in Table 74.
TABLE 75 : MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARDS FOR EPS Hazard MAH Including Passing Vehicle Movement of material near EPS 1 Collision
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Hazard MAH Including It is assumed that the unit has been chosen to be fit for purpose for its area of operation and that failure occurs 2 Structural Failure as a result of extreme events such as earthquakes, extreme winds etc. Cellulosic or electrical fires in accommodation: Storage 3 Non Process Fires tanks or pipe leaks leading to fires & explosions in machinery spaces: etc. Hydrocarbon 4 Leaks, fires and explosions Leaks
Modelling Assumptions The frequency to be assigned to the likelihood of occurrence of each major hazard is derived from industry reference sources and has been used to facilitate this frequency derivation and to support consequence modelling.
TABLE 76 : ASSUMPTIONS FOR PASSING VEHICLE COLLISION TO EPS S.No Assumption Comments Frequency of passing Vehicle As per above references 1 collision is 0.0008 per year In 90% of such cases there is No data has been found. This estimate is based sufficient prior warning to on the assumed existence of the following controls 2 allow for precautionary to provide for early warning: EPS has radar which evacuation is regularly monitored, Control of Vehicle Movement Of the remaining 10% of Based on a conservative interpretation of data impacts, it is assumed that reference. Collision energy of 35 – 70 MJ is the following apply: required for column collapse in rigs. Estimate 75% do not impair the taking account fires and explosions can occur structural stability of the when the EPS is in Operation (a small % - around 3 EPS; only 25% do 10% - of the time that the EPS is working) coupled Of these 25%, one tenth with the fact that, when hydrocarbons are present also result in ignition controls exist to shut down flow (e.g. safety valves) leading to jet fires / these would have to be impaired explosion Ignore the possible impacts of Assume that the well is likely to be live (assuming pressure flow of gas same that all 4 wells are operating) i.e. a probability of 4 time as this incident occurs 0.11. Flow control with help of HP, LP Valves. Assume a typical reliability of 0.01 per demand for these 2 safety barriers. When the vessels on EPS are Estimate based on calculations using data from toppled reference, assume moderate weather conditions 25% of the personnel near 5 EPS are immediate fatalities Remaining 75% escape. Probability of rescuing is 0.8
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TABLE 77 : EVENT TREE FOR VEHICLE COLLISION TO EPS Men on rig capsizes Sub Event Description Frequency per Probability 0.1 0.25 year
Passing Vehicle 2.0E-05 1 Capsizes 2.0E-05 impacts 8.0E-05
6.0E-05 2 Impact 6.0E-05 8.E-04 per year
7.2E-04 3 Collision when unoccupied 7.2E-04
TABLE 78 : CONSEQUENCE CALCULATIONS FOR VEHICLE COLLISION TO EPS Men in Prob of Estm. Men Means Prob Estm. Frequen Total Sub immedia immedia Immedia needing of of Escape AF cy per fatalitie Event te te te escape/ escape/ fatalit / evac R year s area fatality fatalities evacuati evacuati y fatalitie 1 2.0E-05 114 0.25 29 on86 onR 2.E- 17s 46 9.1E Capsizes 01 -04 2 Impact 6.0E-05 114 0 0 114 H 1.3E- 1.5E-03 0 8.9E 05 -08 3 7.2E-04 114 0 0 114 H 1.3E- 1.5E-03 0 1.1E Collision 05 -06 when unoccupi ed TOTAL AFR : 9.1E-04 IRPA : 4.0E-06 Evacuation methods TR - muster in TR (no evacuation required) H - musters in TR and evacuation
TABLE 79 : ASSUMPTION FOR STRUCTURAL FAILURE OF EPS S.No Assumption Comments 1 Probability of a structural failure in any Structural failure includes: design error, fatigue year is assumed to be 0.0028 failure, modification error, operating outside design parameters (e.g. extreme weather / earthquakes in excess of design conditions). It is assumed that the EPS has been correctly specified for the anticipated environmental conditions It is assumed that only the 2 most severe categories will contribute to major structural failure. These are: total loss of the unit severe damage to one or more modules of the unit / major damage to essential equipment These 2 categories comprise 12.8% and 22.8% of all structural failure contributions (35.6% in total) Hence the annual EPS failure rate is 0.0077*0.36 = 0.0028. 2 90% of failures are assumed to give Estimate some warning and hence allow time for precautionary evacuation
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S.No Assumption Comments 3 The remaining 10% of failures are Estimate split as follows: 10% of them result in sudden collapse The remaining 90% are the result of a progressive failure 4 When escaping from the EPS sudden A potentially conservative interpretation which collapse scenario, personnel will have assumes that the collapse is so sudden that many a 50 % survival probability escape routes become unusable 5 When escaping from the place Based on a conservative interpretation of progressive collapse scenario, reference assuming that all such events will occur personnel will have a 90 % survival during severe weather. Reference gives a probability probability of failure to survive as 0.06.
TABLE 80 : EVENT TREE FOR STRUCTURAL FAILURE STRUCTURAL FAILURE OF EPS Sub Event No Frequency Progressive failure Description precautionary per year Probability 0.1evacuation 0.1
2.8E-05 1 Loss of EPS, personnel 2.8E-05 have time to evacuate 2.8E-04 2 Catastrophic loss Structural failure 2.5E-04 2.5E-04 2.8E-03 per year 3 Loss of EPS with no 2.5E-03 personnel near 2.5E-03
TABLE 81 : CONSEQUENCE CALCULATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL FAILURE OF EPS Men in Prob of Estm. Men Means of Prob Estm. Frequen Total Sub immedia immedia Immedia needing escape/ of Escape cy per fatalitieAFR Event te te te escape/ evacuati fatalit / evac year s area fatality fatalities evacuati on y fatalitie 1 Loss of 2.8E-05 114 0 0 114on H 1.3E- 1.5Es -03 0 4.1E EPS, 05 -08 personnel have time to evacuate 2 1.E- 1.7E Catastrop 2.5E-04 114 0.5 57 114 L/R 11.4 68 01 -02 hic loss 3 Loss of 2.5E-03 114 0 0 114 H 1.3E- 1.5E-03 0 3.7E EPS with 05 -06 TOTALno AFR 1.7E-02 IRPApersonnel 7.6E-05 near
Evacuation methods TR - muster in TR (no evacuation required) H - Muster in TR and evacuation
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TABLE 82 : ASSUMPTIONS FOR NON PROCESS FIRES AT EPS S.No Assumption Comments Frequency of all fires is taken as Possible sources are spills, electrical fires, 1 0.021 per annum accommodation fires. All (100%) of these fires are Conservative approach reflecting the reality that most 2 assumed to be non-process fires will be minor and arise from non-process related related causes Assume that 20 % of all fires Reference states that 19% of all fires are considered 3 result in significant damage significant or greater. This figure is rounded up to 20% to ensure conservatism. Two fatalities will occur where Conservative approach. As these fires are not process there is significant damage. related the available inventory to feed the fire is Otherwise, no fatality will occur assumed to be limited. Hence the fire will be contained 4 and will not be capable of impacting many people near EPS. It is also assumed that EPS firefighting capability will always be able to extinguish the fire
TABLE 83 : EVENT TREE FOR NON PROCESS FIRES AT EPS Sub Event Significant Description Frequency per Probability damages0.2 year Fire 4.2E-03 1 Fire causing no significant 4.2E-03 2.1E-02 per year damages 1.7E-02 2 Fire resulting in no significant damages 1.7E-02
TABLE 84 : CONSEQUENCE CALCULATIONS FOR NON PROCESS FIRES OF EPS Men Estm. Prob of Estm. needing Means of Prob Escape Frequen Men in Total Sub immedia Immedia escape/ escape/ of / cy per immedia fatalitie AFR Event te te evacuati evacuati fatalit evac year te area s fatality fatalities on on y fatalitie s 1 Fire 4.2E-03 N/A N/A 2 112 TR 0 0 2 8.4E- causing 03 no significa nt damage s 2 Fire 1.7E-02 N/A N/A 0 114 TR 0 0 0 0.0E+0 resulting 0 in no significa nt damage s TOTAL AFR 8.4E-03 IRPA 3.7E-05
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Evacuation methods TR - muster in TR (no evacuation required) H - muster in TR and evacuation
TABLE 85 : ASSUMPTIONS FOR HYDROCARBON LEAKS IN EPS S.No Assumption Comments Assume annual gas leakage Derived from reference assuming: frequency of 0.00027 Gas Processing Facilities, High Pressure low pressure safety valves, Group Header, Test Header, Test Separator, Separation Units, Gas conditioning Units, Dew Point depression unit, N2 Removal Unit, 1 Condensate stabilization, storage and evacuation, Off gas compressor, Gas Supply Unit, Produced water storage and evacuation, utilities for gas processing and associated pipework. This equates to pressure vessels, flanges, valves (assume inlet and outlet to isolate skid) and an assumed 40 metres of pipework reference gives the following annual failure frequencies: pressure vessel (0.00015), valve (0.00023), flange (0.000088), piping (4” to 11” – 0.000036 per metre) This produces an annual leak frequency of (4*0.00015)+(2*0.000088)+ (0.00023*2) +(40*0.000036) = 0.0027 This happens throughout the year 365/365 = 1 Thus annual leak frequency is 0.0027*1 =0.0027 Assume that 95% of leaks can Typical value used in risk assessments. Detection can be be isolated by personnel or automatic equipment and relates to the 2 probability of a single valve not closing. As isolation is possible via ESD valve this can be considered a conservative approach If the gas release is not Conservative approach isolated all workers in the Assume 8 men in the immediate vicinity during EPS 3 immediate vicinity will be Operation assumed to be exposed If the release is isolated no If the release is isolated only a short lived jet fire or small fatalities occur flash fire is possible in the event of ignition or a small volume of potentially poisonous gas in the event that the 4 gas contains H2S. In all these scenarios the threat is limited and contained and hence they do not result in any fatalities Assume probability of ignition Reference suggests that the probability of ignition for of 0.1 small and large gas leaks is 0.005 and 0.3 respectively. Reference indicates that this upper value may be too conservative by recommending a probability of ignition for 5 blowouts of 0.1. Most leaks from process equipment are small and hence a figure towards the lower end of the scale will be most appropriate. Although a lower figure may be justifiable the figure of 0.1 is considered suitably conservative When ignition occurs: In the event of ignition of hydrocarbons the following may 50% of the time it occurs occur 6 immediately and results in pool fire: a burning pool of liquid (oil) on the rig a jet fire jet fire: a burning jet of gas which if ignited soon after it 50% of the time it will be occurs results in an intense stabilised jet which is
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S.No Assumption Comments delayed and result in an very destructive to anything within it or close to it explosion Flash fire: delayed (say after 15 minutes) ignition of a gas release. In this time the release may have formed an extensive plume and the ensuing fire will kill everyone within it who is unprotected but not damage structures Confined explosion: delayed ignition of a gas release within a confined space, the delay (usually in excess of 5 minutes) giving time for an explosive mixture to build up. It has the potential for considerable fatalities and damage. It is assumed that the necessary degree of confinement does not exist on a jack up Vapour cloud explosion: an ignited gas plume which burns in such a way that it generates overpressures characteristic of an explosion. A simple but conservative approach has been taken that all immediate ignition events result in a jet fire while the results of all delayed ignition events (whether they are from a flash fire or a vapour cloud explosion) are equally severe No allowance is made for the A very conservative approach which also reflects lack of 7 EPS firefighting capability knowledge of the rigs safety equipment Probability of fatalities if the Generally reflective of a typical industry approach gas leak is not isolated are as follows: 0% probability for un- 8 ignited releases if low H2S or CO2 present. Otherwise see items 9 and 10 10% for jet fires 50% for explosions For unignited gas releases Estimate assume a 5% probability that the reservoir contains volumes 9 of H2S or CO2 at concentration levels high enough to cause fatalities Unignited releases if the gas It is conservatively assumed that gas rather than oil is contains high levels of H2S or present in the feed. CO2 Assume that best practice H2S protection measures are 10% probability of fatality adopted and regular drills held. Assume personnel near for all personnel near EPS the EPS are warned of impending danger by alarms, etc. as a result of H2S Personnel at most risk assumed to be in open areas. All poisoning personnel follow procedures but, as a result of equipment 10 0% probability of fatality for failure or lack of training only 90% success is achieved all other personnel who are assumed to follow the pre-arranged H2S drill and successfully evacuate the area Personnel evacuating EPS
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S.No Assumption Comments Area will have escape & evacuation probability of fatalities
TABLE 86 : EVENT TREE FOR HYDROCARBON LEAKS IN EARLY PRODUCTION SYSTEM OPERATION Release High H S or Sub Event Delayed 2 is Ignition CO Frequency ignition 2 Description isolated concentration per year Probability 0.95 0.1 0.5 0.05 1.3E-04 2.6E-04 1 Small flash fire 1.3E-04
2.6E-03 1.3E-04 2 Short-lived jet flame 1.3E-04 1.2E-04 Hydrocarbon 3 Small gas cloud with high 1.2E-04 2.3E-03 leak H2S or CO2 concentration 2.7E-03 per year 2.2E-03 4 Small gas cloud with low H2S 2.2E-03 or CO2 concentration
6.8E-06 5 Explosion 6.8E-06 1.4E-05 6 Jet flame 6.8E-06 1.4E-04 6.8E-06 7 Gas cloud with high H2S or 6.1E-06
6.1E-06 CO2 concentration 1.2E-04 1.2E-04 8 Gas cloud with low H2S or 1.2E-04 CO2 concentration
TABLE 87 : CONSEQUENCE CALCULATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON LEAKS DURING WELL TESTING / EARLY PRODUCTION SYSTEM Prob of Estm. Men Means Prob Estm. Frequen Men in Total immedi Immedi needing of of Escap Sub Event cy per immedi fataliti AFR ate ate escape/ escape/ fatali e/ year ate area es fatality fatalitie evacuati evacuati ty evac 1 Small s on on fataliti 0.0E+0 1.3E-04 10 0 0 114 TR 0 0 0 flash fire es 0
2 Short- 0.0E+0 lived jet 1.3E-04 10 0 0 114 TR 0 0 0 0 flame
3 Small 1.2E-04 10 0 0 114 TR 0 0 0 0.0E+0 gas cloud 0 with high H2S or CO2 concentrat ion 4 Small 2.2E-03 10 0 0 114 TR 0 0 0 0.0E+0 gas cloud 0
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Prob of Estm. Men Means Prob Estm. Frequen Men in Total immedi Immedi needing of of Escap Sub Event cy per immedi fataliti AFR ate ate escape/ escape/ fatali e/ year ate area es fatality fatalitie evacuati evacuati ty evac with low s on on fataliti H2S or es CO2 concentrat ion 5 6.8E-06 10 0.5 5 109 H 1.3E- 1.4E- 5 3.4E- Explosion 05 03 05 6 Jet 6.8E-06 10 0.1 1 113 H 1.3E- 1.5E- 1 6.8E- flame 05 03 06 7 Gas 1.3E- 1.5E- 6.1E- cloud with 6.1E-067 10 0.1 1 113 H 1 high H2S 05 03 06 or CO2 concentrat8 Gas 1.2E-04 10 0 0 114 H 1.3E- 1.5E- 0 1.7E- ioncloud with 05 03 07 low H2S or CO2 concentrat ion TOTAL AFR: 4.7E-5 IRPA : 2.1E-07
Evacuation methods TR - muster in TR (no evacuation required) H - muster in TR and evacuation
7.1.1.2. Calculation of Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA)
Event trees and consequence analysis will be used to evaluate the Annual Fatality Rate (AFR) for each major hazard By their method of calculation these AFR’s provide a measure of the average risk to employees. They essentially weight each groups contribution to fatalities by exposure All major hazard AFR’s will then be summed to derive a total AFR for EPS This figure is the average risk faced in one year by all personnel working in EPS and has been calculated assuming that the EPS always contains 8 personnel However, workforce of 8*2 = 16 to maintain a constant 16 man workforce near EPS for the whole year. Hence the IRPA can be simplistically assumed to be (Total AFR / 16)
7.1.1.3. Analysis Results
The results of the risk analysis for the EPS at BTSAD are shown in Table 88.
TABLE 88 : RISK RESULTS Hazard No Major Accident Hazard Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA) 1 Passing Vehicle collision 4.0E-06 2 Structural Failure 7.6E-05 3 Non Process Fires 3.7E-05
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Hazard No Major Accident Hazard Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA) 4 Hydrocarbon Leaks 2.1E-07 TOTAL 1.17E-04
7.1.1.4. Comparison with ALARP Criteria
The total individual risk (IRPA) for the EPS operation at BTSAD has been estimated to be 1.17E-04 fatalities per annum. This is within the ALARP region of less than 1.00E-03 but greater than 1.00E-05. The calculated fatality frequency for each individual hazard is also within the ALARP region with the exception of Vehicle Collision (4.0E-06) and Hydrocarbon Leaks (2.1E-07). Which are both in the ‘broadly acceptable’ region. IRPA's in the ALARP Region are tolerable but additional safeguards should be examined to ensure that an ALARP level is reached in practice and the risk further reduced using cost effective solutions.
7.1.1.5. Oil Spill Frequency
The event trees have identified a number of contributions to the release of hydrocarbons from the EPS. The safety impacts of these releases have been modelled in the consequence analyses; this section addresses their potential environmental impact taking account of the relative remoteness of Bantumilli South Field from the coastline.
Hydrocarbon releases may arise from the EPS Vessels, equipment / tanks, or from the feed pipeline. The releases are categorised as follows:
Tier 1 – spills <10 tonnes: These releases are assumed to have only a small, local to the unit, impact and to be capable of being managed solely by the unit. Most spills in this category are likely to be sufficiently small to be dispersed naturally; the remainder assumed to have a limited oil spill response capability. Such incidents can arise from: spills of oils /lubricants; diesel spillages etc. Events resulting in such minor spillages are not conducive to QRA and therefore have not been modelled as part of this QRA.
TABLE 89 : INITIATING EVENTS LEADING TO TIER 1 OIL SPILL Initiating Event (Major Accident Hazard) Hazard No Annual Frequency Passing Vehicle collision 1 4.0E-06
Tier 2 – spills >10 to 100 tonnes: These incidents may not be capable of being managed entirely by the EPS unit and may require some limited outside support.
TABLE 90 : INITIATING EVENTS LEADING TO TIER 2 OIL SPILL Initiating Event (Major Accident Hazard) Hazard No Annual Frequency Structural Failure 2 7.6E-05
Tier 3 – spills >100 tonnes These incidents, resulting from hydrocarbon releases from the feed line, have the potential to impact a wider area and, particularly at the upper end of the range, to impact the coast no matter how remote from the shore the unit may be.
TABLE 91 : INITIATING EVENTS LEADING TO TIER 3 OIL SPILL Initiating Event (Major Accident Hazard) Hazard No Annual Frequency Hydrocarbon Leaks 4 2.1E-07
NOTES: 1: Maximum volume = Open hole flow rate x Pump Capacity
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2: Maximum volume assumes that ESD is not working
This gives a total spill frequency for Tier 2 and Tier 3 for a EPS operation of 8.0E-05.
7.1.1.6. Recommendations
Recommendations are given in Table 92 for each of the risks within the ALARP region. Implementing these recommendations will ensure that the assumptions in the risk assessment are valid and potentially provide cost effective risk reduction measures. These constitute ‘best practice’ for operational control and would form part of an effective Safety Management System.
In addition recommendations have been made relating to preparedness for dealing with the risk of an oil spill during the EPS operation.
TABLE 92 : RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EPS Hazard Hazard Recommendation No Passing Vehicle Ensure that there is adequate monitoring by Transporting team. 1 Collision Emergency exercises to include dealing with errant Vehicles
Structural Establishment of Certified EPS as per National Standards, 2 Failure International Standards and Best Management Practices Non-Process Maintain awareness of crew of fire risks within accommodation 3 Fires and engine spaces The oil spill planning requires: All oil spills Response capability at EPS. Some pollution control capability resulting from 4 back-up resources identified the major adequate training in Emergency Response hazards Follow OISD RP 201
Proper zoning of the area is to be done to avoid cumulative fire scenarios. MSDS should be provided in the storage areas and clear demarcation of hazards is to be provided. If the tanks / Vessels near EPS are caught with fire the heat radiation will reach a distance of 300mts which will be well within the site premises. EPS Layout Plan is provided as Figure 37.
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FIGURE 37 : EPS LAYOUT
7.2. Emergency Response Plan
7.2.1. Objectives And Scope
The key objective of this Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is to outline the management, organisational arrangements and available facilities that will be utilised by ONGC, in the event of an emergency situation arising during the proposed activity at BTSAD. The plan identifies the philosophy and approach for managing an emergency and provides an outline of the roles and responsibilities of key ONGC and contractor staff for potential emergency scenarios identified as part of the rapid risk assessment conducted for the proposed EPS activity.
The plan should not include specific action items for controlling emergencies but provides a basis on which specific detailed emergency response procedures may be developed.
This section outlines the key elements of an Emergency Response Plan to support the EPS activity.
7.2.1.1. Emergency Response Organisation And Communication
Initial response to any incident will be managed on site. The overall level of response will depend on the nature and scale of the emergency.
Emergency incidents have the potential to impact both ONGC (staff / reputation / schedule/ etc.). Hence there should be one ERP for the EPS operation that reflect the
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integration of both the ONGC Head Office and EPS Station. The initial response to all incidents should be managed by the EPS unit.
The specific structure and organisation of the ERP will be dependent on the location and capability of On Site Response Team .
7.2.1.2. Identified Emergency Scenarios
The Emergency Response Plan (ERP) must be capable of managing the response to the major hazards, identified and any associated environmental risks. In addition the ERP must also address “occupational” hazards including incidents such as Single and multiple accidents requiring medical evacuation).
7.2.1.3. Emergency Classification
The required response will depend on the scale of the incident. Emergency scenarios are categorised into three levels, typically:
Tier 1 Incident (Local Alert) Tier 1 incidents require no external assistance and can be managed by the Emergency Co- ordinator using on site resources. Typical incidents may include: Single casualty (medevac); Oil spills <10 tonnes; ONGC equipment damage;
Tier 2 Incident (Site Alert) Tier 2 incidents cannot be managed entirely on site. ONGC response is typically activated, Incidents may include: Substantial security incident; Multiple casualty (medevac); Oil spill 10-100 tonnes ; Substantial fire; Cyclone/flooding; Cultural conflict.
Tier 3 Incident (External Alert) Tier 3 incidents are major emergencies beyond site resources with the potential to impact beyond the site limit. External assistance is required and there is immediate mobilisation of ONGC. Typical incidents may include: Major fire / explosion; Oil spill >100 tonnes; Fatality. It should be noted that for any tier incident, when determining tiers for oil spills, the quantity of oil spilt is not the only factor. The environment potentially threatened by the oil is also considered in determining the tier of spill.
7.2.1.4. Emergency Response Activation
The level of callout to deal with an emergency needs to be defined and co-ordinated by ONGC. The Emergency Response Contact directory will be updated before the actual commencement of EPS activity.
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7.2.2. Disaster Prevention Methods
Effective emergency management should include both detailed emergency response measures and appropriate prevention measures. It may be necessary for ONGC to maintain: Properly documented EHS Management System Competent personnel trained in disaster response duties Appropriate detection equipment (gas detection including H2S, smoke detection, radar) Suitable firefighting equipment available and personnel properly trained in its use Operational emergency alarm and PA system Effective communication equipment including VHF Radio, V-SAT / INMARSAT, mobile VHF radios All equipment required for emergency response undergoes routine maintenance and is regularly tested / calibrated Detailed evacuation procedures including appropriate muster areas, escape routes including clear signs where appropriate. Personnel should be made aware of evacuation procedures through appropriate training. Regular drills/exercises to test ERP’s Regular review of Emergency Response Plans with modifications as required. ONGC is also having Operational Risk Management Committee
Decommissioning Phase of EPS At the completion of EPS Operation, an orderly withdrawal of all personnel and the removal of all Vessels, equipment, fixed and non-fixed items from the EPS site will be undertaken. All concrete or steel installations would be removed to at least 1 m below ground level, so as to ensure that there are no protruding surface structures. In the unlikely event if soil is found to be contaminated, measures would be taken to remove or treat appropriately all contaminated topsoil to promote its remediation.
has accorded top priority to safety and protection of environment in the operational areas. The activities are oriented towards prevention rather than cure and conducted in such a way as to ensure: Health and safety of its employees Protect the environment Optimal utilization of oil field equipment, instruments without leading to any health hazards. Health, safety and environment (HSE) matters have given equal status with all other primary business objectives.
7.3. Health and Safety
The field Development project proposes establishment of EPS at BTSAD with the required process facilities for producing gas from four existing well. A robust HSE Management Plan is proposed to be put in place so as to mitigate the negative impacts and the entire project is implemented in a sustainable way.
7.3.1. Occupational Health
An Occupational Health Management System is proposed to be kept in place aimed at promoting and maintaining physical, mental and social wellbeing to the highest degree among the personnel by monitoring their health and the state of the workplace. Occupational
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Health monitoring shall be made applicable to all the workers at all installations and work centres.
Scope of activities The scope of activities include the following – Personnel Surveillance: Periodic Medical Examination, Pre-Employment Medical Examination and Pre- Placement Medical Examination. Investigations will be carried out at authorized laboratories. Workplace Surveillance: Monitoring of all workplaces for Hazards Ergonomic Assessment of the Workplace Sanitation Evaluation will be carried out including portability of Water Educative Function:– By imparting training in: Occupational Health Preventive Medicine First Aid Training Occupational Health Surveillance Program- Onshore operations comes under Mines Act, 1952 and as per Mines Act every person employed in a mine must undergo PME (Periodical Medical Examination) by an approved physician / Hospital at a reasonable periodic interval i.e. For age up to 45 yrs - Once in 5 years For age from 46 to 55 yrs - Once in 3 years For ages above 55 yrs - Once every year
The operator herewith ensures that he will adopt all measures to safeguard the health of the employees.
7.3.2. Safety
An effective Safety Management System will be put in place to prevent accidents, hazardous incidents and eliminate or minimise their consequences.
Enforcement of Safety Safety shall be ensured through repeatedly highlighting its utility in preventing loss of life and property and providing training to employees on safe working. Following modes will be followed for this: Work Permit System Job safety analysis Training of employees and contractors Surprise checks Drills Operating manuals / Safety manuals
HSE Information & Corporate EHS Policy of ONGC is provided as Annexure III.
Monitoring of Systems Following systems will be monitored regularly for effective implementation: Checking of safety interlocks Internal audits of facilities in line with OISD-STD-145 Safety facilities as per OISD 189 Management of change Testing / Inspection of equipment
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Checking of fire detection and protection system
Safety Promotion Visuals play an important role in reminding personnel of safety information. Therefore, display of following information will be done in the premises: Safety precautions for critical operations at strategic locations Safety posters and slogans Safety records Do's and Don'ts at chemicals handling/storage/operation areas Need for Wearing helmet and other Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) Labelling of chemicals Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Safety manuals, Rules and Regulations Safety News Letters & bulletins Dissipation of incident information
Work Permit In case, work is required to be performed in the plant / facility by any person other than the operating personnel of that area, a duly authorized written permit will be obtained by the person / agency executing the work before commencement of the work.
Based on the nature, the work would be undertaken under different types of permits. For example, following jobs will be undertaken with the duly issued hot work permit:
Cutting, Welding, Excavation, Road/Dyke cutting, Electrical lock out / Energising, Confined space entry, Boxing up of a vessel, Working on fragile roof structures, Radiography, Material Handling in operational areas, Crane operation etc. OISD-STD- 105 on Work Permit System will be adhered to regarding issuance of work permits.
Safe Work Practices Safe Work Practices will be followed during EPS Construction and production operations as given below:
Safety during Dismantling Systems Dismantling of the structures in old location, transportation and erection of the same at new location. The job involves handling of heavy loads up to 20-30 tons using various heavy material handling operations, transportation from location to location involves accidental risk and such transportation to be handled with extreme care. In EPS building the risks of accident are therefore involved in: Use of heavy material handling equipment. Transportation of heavy equipment from one location to another location. EPS operations involve risks associated with work at height, handling tools in awkward positions, danger of falling object on workers on the ground.
The recommendations listed below serve as a guide for minimizing hazards during rigging up and dismantling operations. All sheaves and shafts of the hoisting system will be checked (zin poles, hoisting sheaves, equalizer sheave, crown block sheaves, traveling block sheaves). All the sheaves, bearings and bushings to be greased. All the lifting ropes, casing lines and clamps fitted on lifting ropes will be checked. Lifting rope / bull line will be lubricated prior to lowering mast, draw works and sub- structure. Draw works brake, eddy current brake, hydrometric brake will be checked.
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Counter pre-loading tanks will be filled completely with water. Required power availability to draw works will be checked. Required normal working air pressure to hoisting clutch to be checked. Zin poles or Mole trucks for dragging tanks and heavy equipment in slushy areas will be used. All the threaded joints will be greased and the threaded ends will be covered by thread protectors to protect joints during transportation Lifting hooks will be checked for any cracks or damage during lifting and loading.
Production Operations In the Production facilities, separators and pipelines under pressure, storage tanks and heater-treaters, are the basic facilities. Leakage from flow lines inside Early Production System (EPS) and also incoming and outgoing lines can result into oil spills/gas leakage. This can lead to fires. Therefore any oil spill/gas leakage is to be rectified on priority. The safety hazards common to installation are as follows:
Pressurized Vessels & Pipelines The safety valves, pressure gauges and liquid level controls of separators need frequent checks. The separator and its safety valves unless tested and maintained properly can result in bursting of separator with serious consequences. The safety valve will be tested once in six months Back flow of fluids from separator to wellhead can also be hazardous. Hydrate formation in production systems and well heads needs special attention by taking suitable remedial measures.
Fire Hazards Flammable matter like oil and gas are constantly present and unless sources of ignition like naked lights, frictional sparks, electrical sparks, static electric charges, lightning, Overheated surfaces, are carefully controlled, fire could be a major hazard. In some cases, even auto ignition takes place.
Accumulation of Oil Vapour Oil vapour which is heavier than air tends to settle down and accumulate near loading and unloading point for road tankers, open pits containing accumulation of oil and around storage tanks, particularly during winter. The accumulated oil vapour can be easily ignited and may even explode. In a confined space, they tend to make the atmosphere leaner in oxygen content-confined to difficulty in normal breathing (asphyxiation) and/or adverse physiological effects (with more than 0.1% concentration of hydrocarbons).
Explosion Hazard Large quantities of gas released from separators is generally piped away from the installation and flared, but in case the flare is extinguished, large quantities of unburnt gas is discharged into the atmosphere, which may lead to an explosion. Pyrophoric iron sulphide in lines and vessels can also cause an explosion when coming in contact with air.
Safe practices Recommendations listed below will provide guidance for safety in the light of hazards mentioned above.
Separators and Pipelines Separators, connecting lines, valves, flow lines and collector lines will be hydraulically tested to one and half times the maximum working pressure and the installation will not be commissioned unless the test results are satisfactory.
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Separators, heater treater, bath heaters and other pressure vessels will be periodically hydraulically tested once in 3 years at 1.5 times the max permissible working pressure and a record will also be maintained thereof. Thickness measurements of all pressure vessels will be done at least once in 3 year. Every separator will be provided with a safety valve. The pressure leaving safety device shall be set to open at a pressure not exceeding 10% of the maximum allowable working pressure. The safety valve will be installed directly on the separator and no valves will be fitted between the vessel and the line connecting the safety valve. Every safety valve will be provided with an arrangement for testing its efficiency. Suitable working platforms with stair cases and hand rails will be provided for maintenance of separators and its safety valves. The discharge line of every safety valve will be connected to the flare line for safe disposal of gas released from it. Safety valves of the pressure vessels like separators, scrubbers, heater treaters etc. will be tested at least once in six months and record thereof. At the header manifold, a non-return valve will be provided in each flow line connected to well. In each flow line, an emergency shut-off valve will be installed on the upstream side of the non- return valve, which can be closed manually in case emergency. At the overhead crossing of a steam pipeline, a condensate trap will be provided just before such crossing, otherwise the condensate may cause severe hammer in the pipeline. A steam trap will also be provided in the pipeline immediately before it enters the storage tank. Thermal insulation with asbestos rope will be provided in the exhaust pipes of bath heater and heater treater at least up to a height of 1.8 meters from ground level. Process areas like separators platform, heater treater area, pump house, tank farm etc. will have free passage for safe working of operators. In case of interference by pipelines, in the free movement of operator, suitable walk ways will be made. Approach road for fire tenders inside EPS will be in good condition and there will not be any interference from any flow lines, overgrowth of grass etc.
Precautions against Fire The protected area surrounding the EPS will be enclosed by boundary walls or barbed wire fencing, not less than 1.8 meters in height, with gates which can be duly locked. Guards will be posted at the gates when so required, to prevent entry of unauthorized persons. Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the production installation. Prohibitory sign for these precautions will be displayed at the gate on the panel board. Anybody entering the EPS and if carrying any smoking apparatus like cigarettes, matches and lighters etc. must deposit the same at the gate. Emergency exit : In an enclosed area, before undertaking any operation, it will be ensured that there are at least two escape ways, unobstructed and easily accessible, Hand tools used for loosening or tightening etc. It will be of non-sparking type. The following precautions will be taken to prevent electrical spark: In every zone-1 hazardous area, only intrinsically safe flame-proof electrical apparatus and equipment(s) will be used, whereas in every zone-2 hazardous area, only flame-proof or increased safety or pressurized electrical apparatus and equipment will be used. EPS will be protected against lightning by suitable lightning arresters which will be installed as per I.S. standards. (IS: 4850-1968) - Lightning arresters will not be installed directly on storage tanks.
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While loading and unloading oil in road tankers, its engine will be stopped and battery isolated from the electric circuit. The engine will not be re-started and the battery will not be connected to the electric until all tanks and valves have been securely closed. At the loading arm, all oil pipelines, filling and delivery hoses, metallic loading arm, swivel joints, tank and chassis of tank vehicle will be electrically continuous and be efficiently earthed. Overheated surfaces can cause fire. The probable sources are, the discharge line of compressed air at high pressure, exhaust pipe of diesel and gas engines, chimneys of the emulsion heater treater, water bath heater and steam lines going to storage tanks. - The chimneys will be adequately insulated. The compressed air discharge lines will be connected to inter-coolers with automatic temperature recorder alarm, which will sound a warning if the temperature exceeds the prescribed limit. - In case of diesel engine, the exhaust gas will be conditioned so as to reduce its temperature. Hot work permit will be issued to the concerned persons by shift In-charge with approval from area In-charge, prior to commencement of any hot job inside the installations. Efficient earthing of all vessels and equipment’s will be done to take care of static charges. Earthing connections will be checked every year and measured values will be recorded in a register. Earthing pits will be clearly marked for inspection. Spillage of flammable liquids will be minimized to mitigate risk of fire and will be immediately cleaned. All firefighting equipment’s will be maintained in good condition. Electrical control room, switch gear room, computer room etc. will be maintained in good condition. There will be rubber mats in electrical control room and switch gear room and cables will be properly led in trenches. Lighting fixtures will be permanent and no hanging wires or naked bulbs are permitted. There will not be-any leakage of water from ceiling in electrical control room and switch gear room. Starter panels of all equipment’s will be in good condition and rear doors will be closed when equipment’s are in operation. Use of electrical equipment including lighting fitting is prohibited in zone-0 hazardous area. Flame proof and intrinsically safe lighting fitting/equipment’s will be used in Zone- I and Zone- 2 hazardous area as per IS - 2148 - 1968 and IS - 8289 - 1976 and IS - 2206 - 1976. Vessel entry permit is to be issued by area in-charge with due approval of mines manager prior to taking up cleaning / maintenance jobs in any vessel. Fire hydrants, water sprinkler system, foam lines of storage tanks will be inspected regularly to ensure their smooth functioning. Regular inspection of well head fittings is to be carried out for any leakage of gas/oil. To prevent unauthorized entry to the EPS, periodical inspection of fencing is to be done. Flammable material will be kept away from source of heat and stored in suitable cans and at proper place. All electrical equipment’s and fittings will be maintained properly. First aid items will be maintained properly. Regularly removal of accumulated waste material like dry vegetation is to be ensured. Routine maintenance of all machinery will be ensured. Close supervision of premises at all times is to be ensured. There will be proper drainage system in process areas. Necessary sumps will be available in all critical areas like pump house, storage tanks, separator platforms etc. to collect and recover spilled oil. Water supplies will be adequate.
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Prohibitory caution signs will be displayed at all critical places.
Precautions against Accumulation of Oil Vapour Loading and unloading points and open pits into which oil is discharged are the possible locations where oil vapours may accumulate. It may also accumulate near the storage tank. Regular checks with explosive meter will be made for presence of flammable vapours, particularly in the night hours and in winter months. Whenever any dangerous accumulation of flammable vapours is observed, immediate steps will be taken to remove such accumulation by arranging adequate ventilation in the area. Suitable air blowers may be used for the purpose.
Disposal of Gas through Flare System A flare line shall be sited to a flare stack not less than 30 meters from any part of the EPS or petroleum storage tanks. As far as practicable, the flare line will be laid below ground. It will be provided with a bleeding valve and a knock-out drum to drain condensate from the line. In case of any overhead crossing, the bleeding valve will be located immediately before such crossing on the upstream side. Regular draining of the flare line is essential, as otherwise accumulation of liquid in the line may restrict passage and create a back pressure at the separators which may in turn lead to failure of the system. The flare line will terminate with a vertical riser pipe of not less than 9 meters in height. When the gas flow is intermittent, the flare line will be provided with a pilot burner with remote control electrical ignition device to ensure that the pilot burner is continuously lighted. At the flare stack, a water seal drum will be provided to prevent ingress of air into the flare line. Leakage of gas if any in flare line and in flare stack will be attended on priority. There will not be any seepage of effluent from effluent evaporation pit located in gas flare area. Effluent evaporation pit will be prepared with suitable masonry boundary wall and asbestos enclosure to prevent seepage and transmission of heat respectively. Passage to flare area will be kept accessible and free from dry vegetation.
Safe distances Smoking is strictly prohibited within 30 meters of EPS, separator, petroleum storage tank or other sources of flammable gases. No naked light or open flame or spark will be permitted within 30 meters of EPS or any place where petroleum is stored. No flame type, crude oil treater or other flame type equipment will be placed within 30 meters of any well, separator, petroleum storage tank except where such flame type equipment is fitted with a flame arrester. Flare will be sited not less than 30 meters from any part of EPS or petroleum storage tanks
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8. PROJECT BENEFITS
The project benefits are summarized below based on the demand and growth of the country
8.1 Benefits for the Country
India's demand for petroleum products is growing at a rapid rate, having virtually doubled from 30 million tons in 1980-81 to about 70 million tons in 1995-96 to 155 million tons in 2006-07. The oil and gas sector is among the six core industries in India and plays a major role in influencing decision making for all the other important sections of the economy.
In June 2015, total crude oil imports were valued at US$ 8.7 billion. In FY 2014, imports accounted for more than 80 per cent of the country’s total oil demand With India developing gas-fired power stations, consumption is up more than 160 per cent since 1995. Gas consumption is likely to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 21 per cent during FY 2008–2017 With a view to meeting this growing demand, the new hydrocarbon policy aims at encouraging investments in oil/gas exploration and production. Current projections for demand and supply indicate that the level of self-sufficiency is likely to decline to about 30% over the next few years.
Substantial efforts are, therefore, necessary to boost the level of exploration activity in the country so that new reservoirs can be identified to significantly enhance production of crude oil and gas in the years to come. India today remains one of the least explored regions with oil density per thousand sq. km being among the lowest. It is also evident that large amounts of capital investments are necessary if exploration efforts are to be substantially augmented. It is therefore required to attract both the national as well as, private sector oil companies to invest in this critical area.
8.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure
The beneficial impact of hydrocarbon development on the civic amenities will be substantial after the commencement of project activities. The basic requirement of the community needs will be strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities to the community, building/strengthening of existing roads in the area. ONGC will initiate the above amenities either by providing or by improving the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of local communities.
The construction of new roads in the project area will enhance the transportation facilities. With improved transportation facilities there is always a scope for development.
8.3 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure
Generation of employment: The project will create opportunities for direct and indirect employment; Increase in purchasing power and improved standard of living of the area; Establishment of small and medium scale industries may be developed as consequence; Increased revenue to the state by way of royalty, taxes and duties; Regular Fund flow to local market; Overall Growth of the neighbouring Area viz.:
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o Agriculture and Animal husbandry; o Health and family welfare; o Watershed development; o Sustainable livelihood and strengthening of village Self Help Groups; and o Infrastructure development.
In addition to above, due to increase in purchasing power of local habitants: There shall be significant change in the socio-economic scenario of the area; • The proposed project shall enhance the prospects of employment; Recruitment for the unskilled and semiskilled workers for the proposed project will be from the nearby villages; The basic amenities viz., roads, transportation, electricity, proper sanitation, educational institutions, medical facilities, entertainment, etc. will be developed as far as possible; and Overall the proposed project will change living standards of the people and improve the socio-economic conditions of the area.
8.4 Employment Potential
The impact of the project on the economic aspects can be clearly observed. The proposed project activities will provide employment to persons of different skills and trades. The local population will be given preference to employment. The employment potential will ameliorate economic conditions of these families directly and provide employment to many other families indirectly who are involved in business and service oriented activities.
The employment of local people in primary and secondary sectors of project shall upgrade the prosperity of the region. This in-turn will improve the socio-economic conditions of the area. During construction phase of the project, this project will provide temporary employment to many unskilled and semi-skilled labourers in nearby villages; This project will also help in generation of indirect employment to those people who render their services for the personnel directly working in the project; and In case the hydrocarbon is established in the block, considerable number of people will be benefited by provision of services to the residents in for of employment opportunities. Thus, the direct and indirect employment generation by this project.
The present trend of out migration for employment is likely to reduce due to better economic opportunities available in the area.
During the construction phase about 25 people on average per day will be employed.
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9. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Terms of Reference did not specify anything about Cost Benefit Analysis
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10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Preamble
This chapter provides a description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of the EIA.
Based on the evaluation of impacts and baseline conditions, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been delineated to mitigate the adverse impacts. The EMP includes formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection measures. The EMP features guidelines and methodologies to be adopted at different stages of the proposed project for mitigating the impacts of various activities.
The EMP is herein outlined after taking into account the various Acts, Rules and Regulations/Standards concerned with the environmental management.
10.2 EMP during Various Project Phases
Environmental Management Plan of the project during operation phase details the environmental quality control measures which will be taken up and which are proposed by complying with the stipulated standard limits specified by CPCB and State Pollution Control Board. Any deviation from the existing baseline conditions due to the proposed activity and likely impacts should be mitigated with a proper EMP. Environmental Management Plan which will be implemented is detailed under the following heads. Air Pollution Control Noise Mitigation Wastewater Management Solid Waste Management Implementation of EMP and Monitoring Program
10.3 Environmental Policy of the Company
ONGC has a well laid Environment Management Systems (EMS) and contingency plans and processes that help them in preventing, mitigating and controlling environmental damages and disasters, which may be caused due to their operations or that of a member of its value chain.
10.4 Organisation Structure - EHS & Safety
A dedicated team at site will be responsible to ensure project operations with due reference to environment management and the Safety of the workers.
10.5 Audit and Review
Review and audit is essentially a management tool. However, its application is crucial at the operational level for verification and feedback on the effectiveness of organization system and environmental performance. Basically, Auditing involves in the following items: Line management system Awareness and training Procedures: standards, targets Plans: waste, contingency, pollution control compliance Monitoring programmes
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Verify Environmental Impact Assessment Verify mitigation Reporting and communication Documentation Feedback
Internal Audit A system of HSEC auditing should be undertaken at each project operation and includes the use of trained internal and external auditors. In addition, auditing should be undertaken to ensure compliance with all the applicable legislations.
Audit Type Frequency Internal – from other site in-charge Every month External - independent expert Every 3 months
ONGC shall depute internal/external auditors who are trained and certified as competent EMS auditors by an independent and external standards organisation. The results of monitoring and auditing shall be regularly reported through the senior management team to ensure that action items are addressed.
Non-Conformity, Corrective Action and Preventative Action As per the Environmental Policy of the Company, non-conformities, corrective actions and preventative actions shall be managed in accordance with Non-Conformance, Preventative and Corrective Action Procedure. This procedure, which relates to all projects of the company, should detail the processes to be utilised with respect to the identification of non- conformances, the application of appropriate corrective actions(s) to address non- conformances and the establishment of preventative actions to avoid non-conformances. The key elements of the process include: i. Identification of Non-Conformance and/or Non-Compliances; ii. Recording of Non-Conformance and/or Non-Compliance iii. Evaluation of the Non-Conformance and/or Non-Compliance to determine specific corrective and preventative actions; iv. Corrective and preventative to be assigned to responsible person and v. Management Review of corrective actions to ensure the status and effectiveness of the actions.
10.6 Management Review
A comprehensive review of the objectives and targets associated with the individual Project of the company shall be undertaken. These reviews, which include involvement from the senior site management and other key site personnel, assess the performance of the plant over the previous year and develop goals and targets for the following period.
Maintenance of Records: Environmental monitoring program will be carried out by approved agency. The monitoring reports for every season will be regularly submitted to Regional Office of MoEF&CC. Also, one copy of the monitoring report will be kept in site office. The health records of the workers will be kept in site office as well as with the Doctor appointed for the purpose. All the records will be properly kept and maintained by the management.
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10.7 Air Environment
All the equipment operated during various stages of the EPS will be used within specified design parameters. Flaring will be undertaken and to minimize impacts of emissions, minimizing the Emergency Flaring through careful planning has to be achieved.
10.8 Noise Environment
Adequate noise mitigation measures, especially for EPS & Gas Engine operations have been proposed and the same will be monitored at site.
It is recommended that while procuring major noise generating equipment such as gas engines, flare stacks etc. it will be checked that all mufflers are in good working order and that the manufacturers have taken the normal measures for minimizing the noise levels.
Use of ear muffs/plugs and other protective devices must be provided to the workforce in noise prone areas. Enclosures around noise sources may be provided depending on the size of the unit.
10.9 Water Environment
The water requirement in EPS is mainly meant for cooling and domestic use. While the former consumes the majority of water requirement, the water requirement for domestic use is very less. In the present project proposal, the daily water consumption will be around 20 m3/d of which 15 m3/d will be used for cooling and 5 m3/d will be used for domestic purposes including drinking.
Wastewater handling: Produced water storage and loading bay facilities to transfer produced water to Lingala ETP for further treatment and disposal to subsurface below 1000 m as per APPCB Norms.
10.10 Land Environment
All precautions to avoid spillages and leakages of chemicals and ONGC will be taken at site. Waste ONGC trapping trays will be provided and all waste ONGC will be collected adequately and stored for disposal as per regulatory norms. The contaminated Soil will also be collected and disposed as per regulations. Treated solid wastes, which have to be disposed on land, will be made on adequately prepared waste pits.
Soils in the region have moderate infiltration rates amenable to groundwater pollution. Considering this fact and poor ground water quality, every precaution needs to be taken to avoid spillages of chemicals on Soils to avoid further deterioration of groundwater quality and danger to Soil microbial populations in Soils which are sensitive to hydrocarbon. Treated solid wastes, which have to be disposed on land, will be made on adequately prepared waste pits.
10.11 Waste Management Plan (WMP)
The Waste Management Plan (WMP) will cover disposal of all wastes with further reference to offsite disposal of those wastes, which cannot be dealt with onsite. The objectives of the WMP are:
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To provide the necessary guidance for the reduction and management of wastes generated at EPS. To comply with all current Indian environmental regulations. To meet industry standards on waste management and control. To prevent occurrence of any environmental degradation within the locality due to waste handling.
Disposal Options The following disposal options needs to be available on site. However, it will be necessary to evaluate the suitability of various waste specific technologies for the site and select an option that will cause minimum environmental impact on the surrounding. Wastes which cannot be handled at the EPS site will be removed to a designated offsite and suitably disposed for reuse/recycling etc. Produced Hydrocarbon Flaring will be done in relevance with all National & International standards. Sewage will be diverted to septic tank or soak pit. Produced water storage and loading bay facilities to transfer produced water to Lingala ETP for further treatment and disposal to subsurface below 1000 m as per APPCB Norms. Waste Oil/Spent oil shall be sent to the Authorized Recyclers
Waste Reduction, Reuse & Recycle Waste reduction efforts shall concentrate on reuse, recycling. Containers will be punctured and eventually compacted and sent for disposal. Chemical drum containers will be fully emptied, labelled with contents and removed offsite for further handling and disposal. Used medical wastes, inclusive of but not limited to bandage material, syringes etc., will be collected in a special collection drum to minimize manual handling. Contents of the drum will be labelled as biomedical waste and shipped offsite for treatment/ disposal. Waste and lubricants generated in the EPS process will be sent to authorized recyclers. All spent lead acid batteries are to be sent for recycling to authorized waste contractors. All waste storage area within the site will have proper bunds to prevent any escape of contaminated runoff. It shall be ensured that any runoff from such temporary storage area will channelized into the waste-water pit, adequately treated and discharged in compliance with the regulatory requirements.
10.12 Storage and handling of material and spoils
Site preparation shall carefully handle soil, sub-soil, and top soil; and store solid powdery raw materials properly in order to minimize the risk of windblown materials and dust. In addition, work instructions shall be given for handling fugitive dust emissions that may be generated. All loading and unloading activities shall be carried out as close as possible to the storage facilities. Dry cement handling would be enclosed to the extent possible. It will be ensured that lids of all containers containing volatile substances/chemicals are properly fitted. All chemical and fuel storage areas will have proper bunds so that contaminated run-off cannot escape into the storm water drainage system. Personal protective equipment shall be provided to all the workers involved in handling of hazardous materials.
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10.13 Greenbelt Development Plan
It is a well-known fact that the trees have substantial inter-specific as well as intra-specific variation in air pollution tolerance (Garsad and Rutter 1982 and Scholz, 1981). Therefore, plant species act as bio-monitoring agent to monitor the air environment as well as to keep and maintain the project environ healthy.
10.13.1 Selection of Plant Species
Species for greenbelt development / plantation have been suggested by following Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts, Programme Objective Series: PROBES / 75 / 1999 - 2000 (CPCB, 2000).
The greenbelt development not only functions as foreground and background landscape features resulting in harmonizing and amalgamating the physical structures of the port with surrounding environment, but also acts as pollution sink. It will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more complex and functionally more stable and make the climate more conducive.
10.13.2 Locations of Greenbelt
Greenbelt / plantation will be developed on the site boundary of the premises.
10.13.3 Recommended Species
As per CPCB Greenbelt development guidelines, area (West Godavari district) falls in the East Coast Plains and Hill Region, Sub Zone: South Coastal Andhra, Climate: Semi-arid. Following 12 evergreen species are recommended for greenbelt development.
TABLE 93: PLANT SPECIES SUGGESTED FOR GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT / PLANTATION S. Common / Local Evergreen / Species Name Habit Growing Speed No. Name Deciduous 1 Aegle marmelos Mooredu, Urdu - Bel. Tree Slow growing Evergreen 2 Ailanthus excelsa Peddamaanu. Tree Quick growing Evergreen 3 Azadirachta indica VeepocheHu Tree Quick growing Evergreen 4 Buchanania lanzan Mortichettu or Saara. Tree Quick growing Evergreen 5 Cassia siamea Seemotangeedu. Tree Quick growing Evergreen 6 Cocus nueifera Narikelamu Tree Slow growing Evergreen 7 Dalbergia sisoo rasissoo Tree Quick growing Evergreen 8 Ficus benghalensis Peddamarri Tree Quick growing Evergreen 9 Ficus religiosa Ashavathomu Tree Quick growing Evergreen 10 Polyalthia longifolia Asokamu Tree Quick growing Evergreen 11 Syzygium cumini Neereedu_ Tree Quick growing Evergreen 12 Tamarindus indica Chintachettu Tree Quick growing Evergreen
10.13.4 Plantation Technique
Following basic procedures need to be followed for greening the area.
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Plantation of tree species required approx. 1m3 pit for soil enrichment Pit should be filled with imported soil with 3:1:1 the ratio of sand, silt and form yard manure Procure well grown saplings of recommended species from the nearby Forest Department nursery Make 1m diameter ring bund around the planted saplings for water retention Watering of sapling is species specific, therefore watering need to be done once in 2 or 3 days for a period of two years Soil wok and weeding need to be done once in a two months
10.13.5 Monitoring Protocol
The plantations need to be managed by regular watering, soil enrichment work, applying manure, weeding and provide proper protection. Replacement of sapling (replanting) required whenever mortality occurs in the plantation during the growth stage. Plantation requires after care for a period of minimum five years till the saplings attain matured tree stage. Any damage to the developed greenbelt due to any natural or cattle activity should be redeveloped and maintained by the agency.
10.14 Socio-economic Development Activities
ONGC works proactively and may execute/implement CSR initiatives alone or in partnership with other organizations (which may include Government Agencies/Non-Government Agencies) to mobilize core competencies and resources on significant long term CSR programs and projects in its operational areas. ONGC shall undertake its CSR initiatives under various key thrust areas.
ONGC may execute/implement CSR activities/projects alone or in partnership with executing/implementing agency/other organization (which may include Government Agencies/Non-Government Agencies).
10.15 Site Security
During pre-commissioning phase, as construction site is an unsafe place for trespassers and the site shall be secured by fencing and manned entry points. Further, during the EPS operation phase also, continuous monitoring of the site shall be ensured. The site has good boundary wall constructed to avoid trespassers
10.16 Budgetary Provision for Environmental Protection and EMP Cost
The cost of the project is estimated as Rs 250.00 Crores. Out of this, the EMP budget has been estimated at Rs 12.5 Crores.
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11. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) proposing to establish one Early Production System (EPS) at BTSAD, Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The envisaged gas production will be around 7 LSCMD. For early monetization of the gas of Bantumilli south field, ONGC is interested to install modular surface facilities at BTSAD. The processed gas is to be routed to common gas carrier of M/s.GAIL and hence to meet PNGRB guidelines.
As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September 2006, the proposed EPS project falls under 'Category A' of project or activity type 1(b).
11.1 Location Details of the Project
The location of EPS is in BTSAD, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. Bhimavaram Railway Station is at a distance of about 14 kms and Rajahmundry Airport is around 85 km from the project area. EPS is located at Coordinate 16° 25’ 15.1”N and 81° 29’ 57.8”E.
11.2 Importance of the Proposed Project
India is not among the major producers of crude oil, as it doesn't have much oil reserves. Therefore, India generally depends on imports of crude oil from other countries. About 70 to 75% of oil and 65 to 70% of natural gas consumed in India is imported from other countries. There is a heavy imbalance between oil production and consumption in India. The Indian government is encouraging exploration and production of oil and gas to a great extent. This would primarily allow India to tap its own resources there by reducing its import bill.
Discovery of viable hydrocarbon reserves in the state can boost the state's economic development to a great extent. It would also catalyse influx of industries in the state. The proposed Development project is thus of immense significance for the state.
11.3 EPS Capacity
The envisaged peak gas production as per the profile is 7 LSCMD accordingly, facilities at BTSAD has been conceptualised. Since, Condensate and produced water production profile is not available, the dropout condensate and condensed water from the saturated gas had been considered for the scheme conceptualisation. The design capacity of gas processing facilities is considered as 7.0 LSCMD of gas, 135 m3/d of condensate & 25 m3/d of effluent.
11.3.1 Infrastructure Requirement
Access to EPS NH 214A is at a distance of 2.3 km’s from the EPS location towards S direction.
Workforce Arrangements at EPS During Construction Phase the Manpower Requirement is 25 persons. The EPS will be operated by approx. 8 persons per shift. The manpower will operate in two shifts with continuous operations.
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Power Requirement at EPS The total capacity of power generation facilities of Gas fired Power Plant have been envisaged to be around 0.5 MW considering the start-up and peak load requirements.
Source of Water at EPS and its management Water will either be sourced from water well bore or tanker water Supply. Water requirement of approximately 20 KLD is required for EPS. Produced water storage and loading bay facilities to transfer produced water to Lingala ETP for further treatment and disposal to subsurface below 1000 m as per APPCB Norms.
Land Requirement
The land requirement for process facilities at Bantumilli South will be (210 m X 335 m) 70350 m2 (17.4 acres).
11.4 Baseline Environmental Status
Environmental monitoring has been carried at BTSAD, during 29th January 2018 to 22nd April 2018.
11.4.1 Land Use Studies
The land use pattern of the total study area of 10kms radius is Total geographical area is 307.24 Sqkm Coastal Wet land is 3.57 Sqkm Crop land is 101.66 Sqkm Fallow land is 0.76 Sqkm Inland wetland 3.98 Sqkm Plantation 28.53 Sqkm Reservoir Lakes or Ponds 134.87 Sqkm Rural 14.89 Sqkm Sandy area 2.87 Sqkm Swampy Mangrove forest 2.96 Sqkm
11.4.2 Soil Quality
The soil samples were tested at 5 locations during winter 2018 covering various land uses. As per the physical data soils are clay having more bulk density, imperatively high water holding capacity, and slow permeability. As per physical characters soils are rated as average for agriculture. As per chemical characters soil reaction (pH) soils are Neutral, slightly acidic, slightly alkaline and electrical conductivity (EC) is saline. Organic matter is sufficient. Macro nutrient like nitrogen is less and phosphorus is low to very low. Potassium is more than sufficient, calcium, magnesium is high and base saturation is high. Sodium is high and soils are of low quality for agriculture.
11.4.3 Meteorology
Tropical climate conditions prevail in the block area, i.e., with hot summer and cold winter. The block receives rainfall during the south-west monsoon between June- September. This block also receives rainfall during north-east monsoon between October and December and during the hot weather period between March and May.
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The Central Monitoring Station (CMS) equipped with continuous monitoring equipment was installed at BTSAD. The temperature in the range of 12°C to 38°C was recorded at Narsapuram. A review of the wind rose diagram shows that the wind blows are predominantly from NE direction during study period.
11.4.4 Ambient Air Quality
All the AAQ values are observed to be well within the permissible limits as there is no development near the EPS Locations. Project site is showing the highest PM10 Value 3 of 55.6. PM 2.5 of Project site is the highest with 27.1 µg/m . SO2 is highest in Gutlapoda 12.4 µg/m3 & NO2 is highest in Gollavanitippa 15.1 µg/m3. Ozone levels are more in Project site (9.4 µg/m3).
From the analysis of the monitored data, it infers that the air quality levels in the study area are of fairly good quality and comply with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
11.4.5 Water Quality
The baseline water quality status in the region is established by analysing about 7 ground water samples and 4 surface water samples during winter season of 2018. Ground water quality in the region is complying with the prescribed limits as per IS: 10500-2012. Hardness of the ground water samples is ranging between 98 – 103.2 mg/l and the water sources are potable. Heavy metals are found to be below detectable limits. Ground water sample collected are meeting the requirements of standards. Heavy metals are below the detectable limits. The surface water quality is showing the influence of backwater.
11.4.6 Ambient Noise Levels
The day and night equivalent noise levels observed in the residential areas during the study period are ranging between 32.7 to 39.7 dB (A) and 35.8 to 45.3 dB (A), which are within the standards suggested by CPCB. Noise generating activities are limited due to only farming and general anthropogenic activities in the villages.
11.4.7 Ecological Environment
Floral Diversity: Proposed project site is existing drill site which is in possession of M/S ONGC Ltd. Some common floral species recorded from site includes Calotropis gigantea, Ipomoea aquatica, Cynodon dactylon and Alternenthera species
Biodiversity database of the region reveals the presence of 74 plant species from various habitats of the region, which includes 34 species of trees, 9 climbers, 22 herbs, 1 grass and 8 shrub species.
Faunal Diversity: Since the site is surrounding area mainly encompasses agriculture area and aquaculture ponds, common faunal species are expected from the site and vicinity. However, high forest areas are reported with the various wild animals.
Habitats and Sensitivity of the Study Area Buffer zone of the project area possess major Upputeru river (approx. 3.8 km) and other smaller rivers like Kukkaleru & Darbharevu (backwaters), Enamaduru drain, dense scrub vegetation, aquaculture ponds (adjacent to site), agriculture area / plantation, Casuarina
164 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 11 : Summary & Conclusion
plantation along the coastal habitats. No mangroves exists in the 10 km. Radius area / buffer zone.
11.4.8 Socio-Economic Environment
Analysis of socio - economic impacts both adverse and beneficial in the EIA study, it will improve the socio economic condition of the people. On the basis of primary and secondary data collection following conclusion has come: Study area is rural dominant and main employment pattern is agriculture and its allied activities. More than 50% working population are engaged as a labour worker in agriculture farms. Bhimavaram town which is at an average distance of 10-15 km from the project site is main centre for all types of higher facilities for the study area population. Employment pattern as well as literacy rate is satisfactory in the villages. All villagers availed treated tap water for drinking purpose. Transportation facility is presented in all villages through public and private bus facilities. For the project purpose manpower requirement can be fulfilled from the study area. Project activities will generate employment (skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled).As a part of CSR activities, ONGC will take care of infrastructural development of surrounding villages. Overall the project will bring development and improvement in quality of life in the surrounding villages.
11.5 Impact Assessment
CONSOLIDATED IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES FOR EPS S.No Impacts Mitigation Measures 1 Air Emissions A flare stack of 30 m height shall be provided at Emissions from Gas existing EPS. Engines Gas produced shall be supplied to nearby Flaring of associated gas industries and flaring shall be restricted to Emissions from vehicular technical flaring only. movement; Fugitive emissions may result from handling and storage of hydrocarbons (crude & diesels) which are very minor. At the time of transportation dust will be generated. Water spraying to be done on the access roads to control re-entrained dust during dry season(if required); The engines and exhaust systems of all vehicles and equipment used will be maintained as such, that exhaust emissions are low and do not breach statutory limits set for the concerned vehicle/equipment type; Ensuring the availability of valid Pollution Under Control Certificates (PUCC) for all vehicles 2 Noise Generation Sufficient engineering control during installation Noise from Production of equipment’s and machineries is to be ensured Operation to reduce noise levels at source; Noise from vehicular Proper and timely maintenance of vehicles is to Traffic / movement be adopted to reduce noise levels; Noise from Gas engine All noise generating operations, (except anything
165 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 11 : Summary & Conclusion
S.No Impacts Mitigation Measures directly related to Production operations) to be restricted to daytime only to the extent possible; Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE) like ear plugs/muffs is to be provided to all the workers at site and it shall be ensured that the same are worn by everyone during their shift. 3 Wastewater Generation Produced water storage and loading bay facilities to transfer produced water to Lingala ETP for further treatment and disposal to subsurface below 1000 m as per APPCB Norms. Waste water generation will be from domestic usage and produced water. All chemical and fuel storage areas shall have proper bunds so that contaminated run-off cannot meet the storm-water drainage system; Company shall strive continually on Reduce, Recycle, and Fuel and Crude oil shall be stored in Reuse principle. Chemical shall be stored in proper packing under shed, Spill control mechanism 4 Land On completion of works (installation of additional Tanks, Separators etc.) at EPS site, surplus materials and wastes will be completely removed; Optimization of land requirement through proper site lay out design 5 Soil Management of spillage of contaminants such as oil from equipment’s, etc. on the Soil; Chemicals to be stored at concrete paved designated area, with roofs Proper arrangement of soak pits to be provided at the production site for disposal of domestic waste water; Hazardous waste generated at site shall be segregated at source based on the categories and stored on concrete paved designated area with roofs. 6 Solid and Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste generation shall be restricted Management to EPS site only. Generation of Waste oil/ Used oil in very negligible quantity and shall be used for internal purpose for Oil / greasing whereas Oily cotton waste will be sent to approved TSDF site. Oil sludge generated will be sent to authorized recyclers. Hazardous Waste storage shall be properly designated and concreted. Domestic Solid waste generated at site will be segregated at source (Organic / inorganic) & disposed accordingly.
166 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 11 : Summary & Conclusion
S.No Impacts Mitigation Measures General wastes, scrap metal and wood will be segregated and will be disposed off appropriately to authorized recyclers. All plastic/paper waste will be collected and will be disposed off to scrap dealers. Waste lubricants and hydraulic oil generated from the equipment will be disposed off to authorized waste recyclers. Containers of oil and other materials will be sold to APPCB/CPCB authorized recyclers. Oily cotton waste shall be segregated at source and shall be sent to authorized incinerator for disposal. Proper provision of storage area and disposal method for solid and hazardous waste Provision of concrete pit for storage of waste (produced) water 7 Socio Economic Generation of indirect employment in the region due to the requirement of workers, supply of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would marginally improve the economic status of the people. Result in an increase in local skill levels through exposure to activities. As the existing loose / soft surface roads, shall be upgraded to facilitate the movement of the heavy equipment required, the project in turn would lead to improvement in transport facilities. CSR activities shall be carried out by ONGC, under the directive of Government of Andhra Pradesh which shall help in improvement of facilities in the area. 8 Flora and Fauna Flaring (if required) shall be restricted to Impact on terrestrial fauna due technical flaring and shall be done as per OMR to noise 1984 standard to minimize effect on avifauna. Project infrastructure Acoustic enclosure shall be provided to Gas will disturb agriculture land of Engines to reduce the noise intensity site Development of plantation of native species to Spillage, leakage may substitute the access cutting, site preparation, produce chemical spillage which shall provide habitat, food and breeding which will disrupt agriculture of areas to birds, small animals and insects nearby farm Use existing facilities (e.g. Access Roads) to the Production activity ( extent possible to minimize the amount of new tanker movement) may disturbance increase deposition of dust Avoid use of unnecessary lighting at night to and dust settling on the avoid attracting avifauna vegetation which may alter or Site clearing is not there as the EPS area is limit plants' abilities to already under the possession of ONGC and well photosynthesize and/or BTSAD is located. reproduce
167 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 11 : Summary & Conclusion
S.No Impacts Mitigation Measures 9 Occupational Health and risk Providing PPE to site workers and staff member to surrounding community or ensuring it through contractors. Noise generated during Acoustic enclosures will be provided to Gas operational activity may Engines and other noise generating equipment. affect the workers and staff ONGC will develop and implement a spill members. management plan to prevent risk of spill which Handling of chemicals, fuel, may cause health problem. may cause health hazard if All operational activities shall be carried out in not handled properly. confirmation with applicable OISD standards/ Injuries including fatality of regulations/ guidelines. workers as well as damage Regular internal / external HSE inspection shall to surrounding be carried out. communities. Community awareness with regards to Operation activities and Risk and Hazards associated with the same shall be carried out. 10 Chemical, Fuel & Fuel and Crude oil will be stored in tanks which Crude Storage has provision of bund, Chemical will be stored in proper packing under shed Spill control mechanism
11.6 Environment Management Plan
The cost of the project is estimated as Rs 250.00 Crores. Out of this, the EMP budget has been estimated at Rs 12.5 Crores.
11.7 Environmental Monitoring Program
A detailed post project monitoring in respect of air, water, soil, land use, occupational noise, etc. to assess the changes has been evolved covering various phases of project advancement. A network of sampling locations around the operational facilities will be established. The monitoring shall include the compliances to legal and statutory controls imposed on the operation as well as other corporate commitment to responsible environment management. Systems for monitoring resources inputs (energy, chemical use, water, raw materials), equipment and plant performance and waste generations will also be set up. A detailed wastes management plan with monitoring programme will be in place during various phases of activity.
11.8 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan
The hazard potential of oil and gas and estimation of consequences in case of their accidental release during EPS Operation has been identified and risk assessment has been carried out to quantify the extent of damage and suggest recommendations for safety improvement for the proposed facilities. Risk mitigation measures based on MCA analysis and engineering judgments are incorporated in order to improve overall system safety and mitigate the effects of major accidents.
An effective Disaster Management Plan (DMP) to mitigate the risks involved has been prepared. This plan defines the responsibilities and resources available to respond to the different types of emergencies envisaged. Training exercises will be held to ensure
168 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 11 : Summary & Conclusion
that all personnel are familiar with their responsibilities and that communication links are functioning effectively.
11.9 Project Benefits
The proposed Development program will establish hydrocarbons in the block. The development of the oil field will result in considerable growth of service sector and will also generate new industrial and business opportunities in the area. Small and medium scale industries may be developed as consequence.
The major benefits of the project include reduction of the oil import bill of the nation as well as reduction of the imbalance in oil production and consumption.
In Operation phase ONGC require significant work force of non-technical and technical persons. Migration of persons with better education and professional experience will result in increase of population and literacy in the surrounding villages. 11.10 Administrative Aspects of Implementation of EMP
The basis of the operational philosophy is that the activities proposed in oil and gas processing shall be operated in complete compliance with all applicable Laws, Regulations, Standards and Permits, the Production Sharing Contract (PSC), ONGC Energy corporate policies, procedures, specifications, rules, standards and guidelines. Detailed procedures and plans will be developed for each activity prior to operations start up. All persons working with EPS will be experienced crew with valid qualifications.
11.11 Conclusions
Early Production System project has certain level of marginal impacts on the local environment. However, the proposed project has significant beneficial impact/effects in terms of providing the employment opportunities and various CSR practices to be followed by ONGC. Growth and development, in harmony with the environment, has always been the approach of ONGC. The conclusions of EIA are: The proposed project meets the compliance requirements of various environmental regulations; Adoption of environmental friendly Best Management Practices results in minimising the impacts on environment; Community impacts of the project will be beneficial, as the project will generate significant economic benefits for the region; Commercial developmental activities of ONGC can reduce the import burdens of crude oil to the nation; and With the effective implementation of the Environment Management Plan (EMP) during the planning, design, construction and operation phases, the development and production project can proceed without significant negative impact on the environment.
169 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 12 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
12. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
12.1 Name of the Consultants
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited (A Bureau Veritas Group Company)
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Limited (A Bureau Veritas Group Company) is a professional services company providing Environmental Consultancy, Environmental Engineering, Analytical and Quality testing, Water Resource studies, Technical Training and Enviro-legal services.
Since inception in 1984, the company has completed number of projects spread all over India. The company has qualified and experienced staff of more than 100 people operating across seven offices in India. The Professionals and Technicians include Environmental Engineers, Environmental Scientists, Environmental Planners, Chemists, Mining Engineers, Geologists, Hydro-geologists, Economic and Social Science specialists etc. Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt Limited is an ISO 9001-2008 Company and is accredited by:
. Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India, New Delhi . National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) as per ISO/IEC 17025:2005, in Chemical, Mechanical & Biological Fields . National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET) accredited Environmental Consultants by Quality Council of India . Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi . Food safety and Standards Authority of India
The firm has been engaged in the work of Environmental Impact Assessment studies, preparation of Environmental Management Plans (EMP) for the last 20 years for the purpose of obtaining clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change.
Consultants Name & Address M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) 7-2-C14, Industrial Estate, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad – 500 018
170 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 12 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
NABET CERTIFICATE
171 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 12 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
NABL CERTIFICATE
172 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Chapter 12 : Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
MoEF CERTIFICATE
173 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Annexures
ANNEXURE I: MET DATA
2018 Temp. (°C) Dew Point (°C) Humidity (%) Sea Level Press. (hPa) Visibility (km) Wind (km/h) Precip. (mm) Jan high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg Low sum
1 31 26 20 21 17 12 81 54 23 1012 1009 1007 10 3 2 6 3 - 0
2 30 25 20 21 18 12 90 63 23 1012 1010 1008 3 2 2 6 2 - 0
3 29 24 19 19 17 16 88 63 41 1014 1012 1009 3 2 2 6 0 - 0
4 31 27 19 17 15 12 74 46 26 1015 1013 1011 3 2 2 8 3 - 0
5 29 23 17 19 17 13 86 60 31 1014 1012 1009 3 2 2 6 0 - 0
6 29 23 17 17 16 13 85 58 31 1014 1011 1009 10 3 2 6 0 - 0
7 29 23 17 18 16 13 83 59 28 1014 1012 1005 3 2 2 6 2 - 0
8 29 24 18 18 17 14 87 66 30 1016 1013 1012 3 2 2 6 0 - 0
9 29 23 18 18 16 14 87 57 32 1017 1015 1013 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
10 29 24 19 20 18 16 85 64 42 1018 1015 1014 10 4 2 6 2 - 0
11 31 25 19 21 19 18 89 65 38 1017 1015 1012 3 2 2 6 2 - 0
12 32 27 21 22 21 19 88 70 41 1016 1013 1011 3 2 2 0 0 - 0
13 30 26 22 22 21 19 91 70 47 1015 1013 1011 4 3 2 6 2 - 0
14 31 26 21 22 21 20 95 74 46 1016 1014 1012 3 3 2 8 2 - 0
15 31 26 22 22 20 17 90 69 37 1016 1013 1010 3 2 2 6 2 - 0
16 31 26 21 22 21 19 94 73 43 1015 1012 1010 3 2 1 6 2 - 0
17 29 24 19 21 19 18 88 70 43 1015 1012 1011 3 2 0 8 2 - 0
18 30 24 18 19 18 17 92 71 43 1015 1013 1012 3 3 2 10 2 - 0
19 29 24 18 18 17 15 89 64 34 1016 1014 1012 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
20 29 24 18 18 17 13 88 61 31 1015 1013 1011 5 3 2 8 2 - 0
21 29 23 18 18 16 12 88 62 29 1014 1012 1010 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
22 29 23 17 18 16 14 90 62 30 1014 1012 1009 3 2 2 10 2 - 0
23 29 23 18 19 18 16 90 64 34 1013 1011 1009 4 3 2 6 2 - 0
24 30 24 18 20 18 16 85 65 37 1012 1010 1008 3 2 2 6 2 - 0
25 32 25 18 20 18 17 87 63 32 1012 1009 1007 3 3 2 3 0 - 0
26 30 24 18 22 18 15 88 66 38 1013 1011 1008 3 3 2 8 2 - 0
27 31 25 19 21 18 14 90 65 30 1013 1011 1009 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
28 30 25 20 21 19 16 92 66 37 1014 1013 1011 3 2 2 6 2 - 0
29 30 25 20 19 19 17 89 67 42 1015 1013 1009 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
30 31 24 19 19 18 16 86 60 32 1016 1013 1011 4 2 2 6 2 - 0
31 33 26 18 19 17 14 88 60 28 1015 1014 1012 10 4 2 6 0 - 0
174 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Annexures
2018 Temp. (°C) Dew Point (°C) Humidity (%) Sea Level Press. (hPa) Visibility (km) Wind (km/h) Precip. (mm) Feb high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg Low sum
1 34 26 17 19 14 6 95 54 10 1015 1013 1011 10 3 2 6 0 - 0
2 33 24 15 17 13 8 83 48 13 1014 1013 1011 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
3 31 24 18 21 16 9 96 55 21 1015 1013 1012 10 3 0 6 2 - 0
4 31 23 16 18 15 9 77 54 20 1015 1014 1012 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
5 31 24 17 19 17 13 88 62 26 1018 1015 1014 10 4 2 6 2 - 0
6 32 26 19 19 17 13 89 61 28 1017 1014 1012 10 5 2 6 2 - 0
7 31 24 18 19 18 16 94 64 33 1014 1013 1011 10 4 1 6 2 - 0
8 32 27 22 24 20 17 99 66 33 1014 1011 1009 3 3 2 6 0 - 0
9 32 27 22 22 19 9 97 66 15 1013 1011 1009 10 3 2 6 2 - 0
10 32 27 22 22 20 17 87 65 38 1015 1013 1011 3 3 2 6 3 - 0
11 30 26 21 22 21 19 88 71 52 1016 1015 1013 3 2 2 8 3 - 0
12 32 26 21 22 20 16 91 69 29 1017 1016 1014 3 2 2 8 2 - 0
13 31 26 22 21 20 18 92 66 41 1019 1017 1015 4 2 2 11 5 - 0
14 31 26 21 20 18 13 88 63 23 1020 1018 1015 3 2 1 10 3 - 0
15 33 26 19 21 17 13 86 60 21 1020 1017 1015 3 2 2 6 2 - 0
16 33 27 20 22 19 15 88 63 25 1018 1015 1013 3 3 2 3 2 - 0
17 33 26 19 22 19 14 87 63 25 1015 1012 1009 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
18 32 27 21 21 20 19 91 70 37 1014 1012 1010 5 3 2 6 2 - 0
19 32 26 20 21 19 18 86 66 35 1014 1012 1010 10 5 2 6 2 - 0
20 33 27 20 21 19 18 87 66 34 1014 1012 1010 3 3 2 8 2 - 0
21 33 27 20 21 18 17 91 62 30 1012 1011 1008 10 4 2 6 0 - 0
22 34 27 20 21 18 14 82 57 20 1013 1010 1007 10 4 2 3 0 - 0
23 33 27 20 21 18 16 82 58 25 1013 1011 1009 10 5 2 6 2 - 0
24 33 26 19 21 18 13 95 61 24 1015 1013 1012 10 6 3 8 3 - 0
25 34 26 18 19 12 2 94 46 6 1016 1013 1011 10 5 3 6 2 - 0
26 36 26 16 19 13 5 79 44 7 1014 1012 1009 10 6 3 3 0 - 0
27 35 27 18 19 17 15 76 48 21 1013 1011 1008 10 4 2 3 0 - 0
28 36 28 20 20 18 11 82 52 16 1013 1011 1008 3 3 2 3 0 - 0
175 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Annexures
2018 Temp. (°C) Dew Point (°C) Humidity (%) Sea Level Press. (hPa) Visibility (km) Wind (km/h) Precip. (mm) Mar high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg Low sum
1 37 29 21 22 17 11 86 47 14 1013 1010 1008 10 6 2 3 2 - 0
2 36 28 20 22 19 13 87 56 16 1013 1010 1007 10 4 3 3 0 - 0
3 37 28 19 21 17 11 89 50 16 1011 1009 1007 3 2 2 3 0 - 0
4 36 28 20 21 18 13 87 53 21 1011 1009 1007 3 3 2 3 2 - 0
5 36 28 20 22 17 12 87 53 16 1012 1010 1008 10 5 2 6 0 - 0
6 36 27 19 22 19 16 78 56 27 1013 1011 1008 10 4 3 6 2 - 0
7 34 27 19 23 21 19 98 71 31 1013 1011 1009 3 2 0 6 0 - 0
8 35 28 20 21 19 17 93 58 29 1013 1011 1009 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
9 34 29 23 24 22 21 84 68 37 1013 1011 1009 4 3 3 8 3 - 0
10 35 29 23 24 22 18 94 66 36 1013 1011 1009 3 3 1 0 0 - 0
11 35 29 22 23 21 17 89 62 30 1014 1012 1010 10 5 2 3 0 - 0
12 35 28 21 23 22 19 89 65 32 1015 1012 1010 3 3 2 6 0 - 0
13 36 29 22 22 21 21 92 62 32 1015 1011 1008 10 6 3 6 0 - 0
14 35 29 22 24 23 22 95 73 39 1012 1010 1008 4 3 1 6 0 - 0
15 37 31 24 24 23 22 92 71 37 1012 1010 1007 10 4 2 6 2 - 0
16 34 29 25 25 24 22 89 73 42 1011 1009 1007 4 3 2 8 3 - 0
17 31 28 24 24 22 19 83 74 52 1012 1010 1009 5 3 2 19 3 - 0
18 35 28 22 23 21 16 88 65 23 1013 1011 1009 10 3 1 6 2 - 0
19 36 28 21 23 21 19 87 60 28 1015 1012 1008 10 5 2 6 2 - 0
20 36 29 23 23 22 19 88 65 31 1013 1011 1008 10 5 2 3 0 - 0
21 36 30 24 24 23 18 90 63 30 1011 1009 1007 5 3 2 10 0 - 0
22 38 31 24 25 24 23 89 70 35 1009 1007 1004 3 3 1 6 0 - 0
23 38 32 25 26 24 22 88 66 31 1011 1008 1005 10 4 2 6 2 - 0
24 36 31 26 26 25 24 88 69 45 1011 1010 1008 10 4 2 8 2 - 0
25 35 30 25 25 23 21 88 64 34 1014 1012 1010 10 5 2 6 2 - 0
26 36 30 24 24 23 21 90 68 36 1014 1012 1009 3 3 1 8 0 - 0
27 37 30 24 23 22 19 88 65 26 1013 1010 1007 10 5 2 8 2 - 0
28 36 30 24 25 24 21 88 68 31 1011 1009 1007 5 3 3 8 2 - 0
29 36 31 26 26 24 23 88 67 42 1011 1008 1006 3 3 3 6 2 - 0
30 36 31 26 27 24 22 92 68 33 1010 1008 1005 10 4 3 6 2 - 0
176 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Annexures
2018 Temp. (°C) Dew Point (°C) Humidity (%) Sea Level Press. (hPa) Visibility (km) Wind (km/h) Precip. (mm) Apr high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg low high avg Low sum
1 37 29 21 22 17 11 86 47 14 1013 1010 1008 10 6 2 3 2 - 0
2 36 28 20 22 19 13 87 56 16 1013 1010 1007 10 4 3 3 0 - 0
3 37 28 19 21 17 11 89 50 16 1011 1009 1007 3 2 2 3 0 - 0
4 36 28 20 21 18 13 87 53 21 1011 1009 1007 3 3 2 3 2 - 0
5 36 28 20 22 17 12 87 53 16 1012 1010 1008 10 5 2 6 0 - 0
6 36 27 19 22 19 16 78 56 27 1013 1011 1008 10 4 3 6 2 - 0
7 34 27 19 23 21 19 98 71 31 1013 1011 1009 3 2 0 6 0 - 0
8 35 28 20 21 19 17 93 58 29 1013 1011 1009 3 3 2 6 2 - 0
9 34 29 23 24 22 21 84 68 37 1013 1011 1009 4 3 3 8 3 - 0
10 35 29 23 24 22 18 94 66 36 1013 1011 1009 3 3 1 0 0 - 0
11 35 29 22 23 21 17 89 62 30 1014 1012 1010 10 5 2 3 0 - 0
12 35 28 21 23 22 19 89 65 32 1015 1012 1010 3 3 2 6 0 - 0
13 36 29 22 22 21 21 92 62 32 1015 1011 1008 10 6 3 6 0 - 0
14 35 29 22 24 23 22 95 73 39 1012 1010 1008 4 3 1 6 0 - 0
15 37 31 24 24 23 22 92 71 37 1012 1010 1007 10 4 2 6 2 - 0
16 34 29 25 25 24 22 89 73 42 1011 1009 1007 4 3 2 8 3 - 0
17 31 28 24 24 22 19 83 74 52 1012 1010 1009 5 3 2 19 3 - 0
18 35 28 22 23 21 16 88 65 23 1013 1011 1009 10 3 1 6 2 - 0
19 36 28 21 23 21 19 87 60 28 1015 1012 1008 10 5 2 6 2 - 0
20 36 29 23 23 22 19 88 65 31 1013 1011 1008 10 5 2 3 0 - 0
21 36 30 24 24 23 18 90 63 30 1011 1009 1007 5 3 2 10 0 - 0
22 38 31 24 25 24 23 89 70 35 1009 1007 1004 3 3 1 6 0 - 0
23 38 32 25 26 24 22 88 66 31 1011 1008 1005 10 4 2 6 2 - 0
24 36 31 26 26 25 24 88 69 45 1011 1010 1008 10 4 2 8 2 - 0
25 35 30 25 25 23 21 88 64 34 1014 1012 1010 10 5 2 6 2 - 0
26 36 30 24 24 23 21 90 68 36 1014 1012 1009 3 3 1 8 0 - 0
27 37 30 24 23 22 19 88 65 26 1013 1010 1007 10 5 2 8 2 - 0
28 36 30 24 25 24 21 88 68 31 1011 1009 1007 5 3 3 8 2 - 0
29 36 31 26 26 24 23 88 67 42 1011 1008 1006 3 3 3 6 2 - 0
30 36 31 26 27 24 22 92 68 33 1010 1008 1005 10 4 3 6 2 - 0
31 35 31 27 25 24 23 84 68 40 1010 1008 1006 10 5 3 6 3 - 0
177 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Annexures
ANNEXURE II: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA
A1: Project Site Benzyle- Nickel Non A1 PM PM SO NO2 O Ammonia Benzene alfa- Lead (Pb) Arsenic Methane Hydrocarbon CO 10 2.5 2 3 as Ni Methane Pyrene μg/ μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m 3 3 3 3 ng/m 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 μg/m μg/m ng/m μg/m 3 ng/m μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m m 29/30.01.2018 47.6 22.0 7.4 8.5 5.6 7.6 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 135.0 77.4 212.4 321 30/31.01.2018 52.9 25.4 9.8 10.5 5.6 7.9 <0.01 0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 136.0 74.6 210.6 323 05/06.02.2018 52.8 25.6 7.9 9.0 5.9 8.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 132.0 73.5 205.5 332 06/07.02.2018 48.6 22.4 8.2 9.2 6.1 8.6 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 134.1 75.2 209.3 322 12/13.02.2018 49.6 23.1 10.4 11.4 6.8 8.7 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 141.3 70.6 211.9 332 13/14.02.2018 50.6 23.8 7.7 8.8 7.5 9.1 <0.01 0.12 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 125.4 74.2 199.6 312 19/20.02.2018 52.3 25.1 10.1 11.0 6.5 9.4 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 126.8 71.5 198.3 324 20/21.02.2018 48.7 22.8 9.1 10.0 5.9 7.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 127.5 75.2 202.7 352 26/27.02.2018 51.3 24.5 10.0 11.1 6.4 7.6 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 127.9 76.5 204.4 312 27/28.02.2018 50.6 24.1 7.6 8.6 8.5 7.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 129.5 74.5 204.0 321 5 / 06.03.2018 49.2 23.5 10.5 11.5 8.7 8.2 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 133.2 76.2 209.4 321 06/07.03.2018 53.6 26.1 8.5 9.8 7.9 8.3 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 141.0 78.0 219.0 322 12/13.03.2018 52.6 25.3 9.5 10.4 9.1 8.6 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 139.4 75.4 214.8 320 13/14.02.2018 52.4 24.9 9.9 10.8 9.2 8.7 <0.01 0.13 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 135.8 69.5 205.3 323 19/20.03.2018 51.6 24.8 9.2 10.2 9.4 8.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 129.7 68.5 198.2 302 20/21.03.2018 53.1 25.7 9.6 10.7 8.5 8 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 135.8 70.3 206.1 325 26/27.03.2018 48.9 22.5 10.6 11.7 8.4 7.9 <0.01 0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 139.1 69.5 208.6 332 27/28.03.2018 50.8 23.9 8.7 9.7 7.4 8.8 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 141.4 68.5 209.9 336 02/03.04.2018 54.2 26.7 9.4 10.3 7.2 9.4 <0.01 0.12 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 141.0 70.6 211.6 302 03/04.04.2018 50.7 24.6 8.4 9.6 7.6 9.2 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 142.1 74.1 216.2 352 09/10.04.2018 54.6 26.5 10.3 11.3 6.5 9 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 140.3 68.4 208.7 300 10/ 11.04.2018 53.4 25.9 8.1 9.1 6.4 9.2 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 138.2 70.2 208.4 320 16/17.04.2018 49.1 22.9 9.0 9.9 6.8 9.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 140.2 71.2 211.4 321 17/18.04.2018 55.6 27.1 10.9 12.3 6.6 9.3 <0.01 0.13 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 140.1 72.5 212.6 353 Min 47.6 22 7.4 8.5 5.6 7.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 125.4 68.4 198.2 300 Max 55.6 27.1 10.9 12.3 9.4 9.4 <0.01 0.13 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 142.1 78.0 219.0 353 Avg 51.5 24.6 9.2 10.2 7.3 8.5 <0.01 0.11 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 135.5 72.8 208.3 324.2 98th percentile 55.1 26.9 10.8 12.0 9.3 9.4 <0.01 0.12 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 141.8 77.7 217.7 352.5
178 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Annexures
A2: Nagendrapuram Benzyle Nicke Non Ammoni Benzen Lead Arseni Methan Hydrocarbo CO A2 PM PM SO NO2 O3 -alfa- l as Methan 10 2.5 2 a e (Pb) c e n ppm Pyrene Ni e μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 μg/m μg/m ng/m μg/m ng/m ng/m μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m 3 3 3 3 3 31.1./1.2.2018 45.0 20.3 8.3 10.1 4.8 8.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 130.2 59.9 190.1 295 1/2.02.2018 46.1 21.5 9.8 11.1 5.2 9.1 <0.01 0.28 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 133.9 60.1 194.0 298 7/8.2.2018 45.9 21.0 8.8 10.3 8.0 9.6 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 131.1 60.3 191.4 302 8/9.2.2018 48.7 23.5 9.3 10.8 5.2 8.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 133.3 60.5 193.8 321 14/15.2.2018 45.2 20.7 8.9 10.4 5.1 7.6 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 140.1 64.2 204.3 341 15/16.2.2018 46.0 21.2 8.4 10.2 4.3 7.5 <0.01 0.21 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 141.1 65.3 206.4 305 21/22.2.2018 50.2 25.6 10.1 11.4 8.2 8.4 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 136.4 65.6 202.0 302 22/232.2018 45.6 20.8 9.5 10.9 2.8 8.5 <0.01 0.21 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 138.6 67.8 206.4 298 28.2/1.3.2018 45.8 20.9 9.7 11.0 2.4 8.4 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 139.5 65.8 205.3 286 1/2.3.2018 46.2 21.6 10.9 12.1 2.6 8.8 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 136.5 68.3 204.8 298 7/8.3.2018 45.7 20.7 9.9 11.2 3.8 7.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 135.4 66.5 201.9 298 8/9.3.2018 48.9 23.6 9.2 10.6 4.6 7.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 138.5 67.5 206.0 245 14/15.3.2018 46.5 21.9 9.0 10.5 4.9 9.1 <0.01 0.18 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 137.5 66.8 204.3 266 15/16.3.2018 47.5 22.6 10.0 11.3 8.0 9.5 <0.01 0.14 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 136.5 66.9 203.4 287 21/22.3.2018 47.3 22.8 11.2 12.4 5.1 9.0 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 135.2 70.6 205.8 285 22/23.3.2018 46.8 22.1 10.5 11.8 4.9 9.3 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 134.5 70.6 205.1 292 28/29.3.2018 46.7 22.0 10.4 11.7 7.2 9.2 <0.01 0.11 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 133.3 71.2 204.5 290 29/30.3.2018 47.2 23.1 10.8 11.9 7.6 9.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 132.2 68.9 201.1 285 4/5.4.2018 47.2 22.7 11.0 12.2 7.5 9.4 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 136.8 69.8 206.6 284 5/6.4.2018 46.3 21.8 10.7 12.0 7.4 7.8 <0.01 0.16 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 138.5 66.8 205.3 286 11/12.4.2018 49.5 24.8 11.3 12.6 6.0 7.6 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 139.4 67.7 207.1 267 12/13.4.2018 48.2 23.4 11.5 12.8 7.6 7.8 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 137.6 67.8 205.4 269 18/19.04.2018 49.2 24.5 10.3 11.5 7.7 8.0 <0.01 0.18 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 138.6 67.5 206.1 295 19/20.04.2018 46.9 22.5 11.1 12.3 6.4 8.4 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 139.5 69.8 209.3 291 Min 45 20.3 8.3 10.1 2.4 7.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 130.2 59.9 190.1 245 Max 50.2 25.6 11.5 12.8 8.2 9.6 <0.01 0.28 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 141.1 71.2 209.3 341 Avg 47.0 22.3 10.0 11.4 5.7 8.5 <0.01 0.16 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 136.4 66.5 202.9 291.1 98th <0.01 0.18 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 percentile 49.9 25.2 11.4 12.7 8.1 9.6 140.6 70.9 208.3 331.8
179 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Annexures
AQ3 Gutlapoda Benzyle Nicke Non Ammoni Benzen Lead Arseni Methan Hydrocarbo CO PM PM SO NO2 O3 -alfa- l as Methan 10 2.5 2 a e (Pb) c e n ppm Pyrene Ni e μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 μg/m μg/m ng/m μg/m ng/m ng/m μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m
2/3.2.2018 40.0 19.3 10.1 11.5 4.1 6.2 <0.01 0.11 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 125.1 65.2 190.3 315 3/4.02.2018 40.1 19.4 10.2 11.6 4.2 6.2 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 123.5 63.1 186.6 312 9/10.2.2018 40.2 19.5 10.3 11.7 4.0 6.4 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 141.2 64.2 205.4 312 10/11.2.2018 40.3 19.6 10.4 11.8 4.3 6.3 <0.01 0.23 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 120.1 63.5 183.6 311 16/17.2.2018 40.4 19.7 10.5 11.9 4.5 6.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 123.2 63.2 186.4 310 17/18.2.2018 40.5 19.8 10.6 12.0 4.6 6.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 125.0 64.0 189.0 311 23/24.2.2018 40.6 19.9 10.7 12.1 5.0 6.0 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 115.4 65.1 180.5 314 24/25.2.2018 40.7 20 10.8 12.2 5.1 6.4 <0.01 0.21 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 117.5 62.1 179.6 312 2/3.3.2018 40.8 20.1 10.9 12.3 5.2 6.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 116.9 65.1 182.0 313 3 / 4.3.2018 40.9 20.2 11.0 12.4 5.3 6.7 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 120.1 60.1 180.2 314 9/10.3.2018 41.0 20.3 11.1 12.5 5.0 5.4 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 122.0 60.2 182.2 311 10/11.3.2018 41.1 20.4 11.2 12.6 4.6 7.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 134.0 63.2 197.2 301 16/17.3.2018 41.2 20.5 11.3 12.7 4.8 7.2 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 131.0 62.1 193.1 306 17/18.3.2018 41.3 20.6 11.4 12.8 4.7 6.2 <0.01 0.18 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 130.0 62.3 192.3 305 23/24.3.2018 41.4 20.7 11.5 12.9 4.9 7.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 131.0 62.0 193.0 308 24/25.3.2018 41.5 20.8 11.6 13.0 4.2 7.0 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 130.1 66.1 196.2 309 30/31.3.2018 41.6 20.9 11.7 13.1 5.2 7.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 126.4 45.8 172.2 311 31.3/1.4.2018 41.7 21 11.8 13.2 5.1 6.5 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 125.4 50.2 175.6 314 6/7.4.2018 41.8 21.1 11.9 13.3 5.4 6.4 <0.01 0.16 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 128.1 54.1 182.2 321 7/8.4.2018 41.9 21.2 12.0 13.4 5.5 6.2 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 124.4 55.3 179.7 321 13/14.4.2018 42.0 21.3 12.1 13.5 5.6 6.2 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 127.4 51.2 178.6 312 14/15.4.2018 42.1 21.4 12.2 13.6 5.2 4.1 <0.01 0.13 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 123.1 61.2 184.3 321 20/21.04.2018 42.2 21.5 12.3 13.7 5.3 7.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 120.1 61.1 181.2 322 21/22.04.2018 42.3 21.6 12.4 13.8 5.5 5.2 <0.01 0.11 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 118.5 58.7 177.2 331 Min 40 19.3 10.1 11.5 4 4.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 115.4 45.8 172.2 301 Max 42.3 21.6 12.4 13.8 5.6 7.2 <0.01 0.23 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 141.2 66.1 205.4 331 Avg 41.2 20.5 11.3 12.7 4.9 6.4 <0.01 0.12 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 125.0 60.4 185.4 313.2 98th <0.01 0.16 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 percentile 42.3 21.6 12.4 13.8 5.6 7.2 137.9 65.7 201.6 326.9
180 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Annexures
AQ4 Losari Benzyle Nicke Non Ammoni Benzen Lead Arseni Methan Hydrocarbo CO PM PM SO NO2 O3 -alfa- l as Methan 10 2.5 2 a e (Pb) c e n ppm Pyrene Ni e μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 μg/m μg/m ng/m μg/m ng/m ng/m μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m
29/30.01.2018 41.0 20.6 7.8 8.9 4.5 4.1 <0.01 0.16 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 139.2 70.1 209.3 331 30/31.01.2018 41.1 20.7 7.9 9.0 4.2 4.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 135.4 69.2 204.6 313 05/06.02.2018 41.2 20.8 8.0 9.1 5.0 4.3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 133.2 65.5 198.7 315 06/07.02.2018 41.3 20.9 8.1 9.2 4.6 4.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 136.5 68.5 205.0 319 12/13.02.2018 41.4 21.0 8.2 9.3 3.5 5.0 <0.01 0.13 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 138.5 64.9 203.4 319 13/14.02.2018 41.5 21.1 8.3 9.4 3.9 5.1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 130.1 68.5 198.6 321 19/20.02.2018 41.6 21.2 8.4 9.5 4.1 5.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 132.1 67.5 199.6 324 20/21.02.2018 41.7 21.3 8.5 9.6 4.5 4.3 <0.01 0.18 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 130.1 67.4 197.5 320 26/27.02.2018 41.8 21.4 8.6 9.7 4.6 4.6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 131.2 59.5 190.7 312 27/28.02.2018 41.9 21.5 8.7 9.8 4.7 4.4 <0.01 0.19 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 130.2 71.5 201.7 352 5 / 06.03.2018 42.0 21.6 8.8 9.9 6.5 5.4 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 134.2 74.6 208.8 322 06/07.03.2018 42.1 21.7 8.9 10.0 5.1 4.4 <0.01 0.14 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 134.6 74.5 209.1 314 12/13.03.2018 42.2 21.8 9.0 10.1 5.2 4.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 138.5 74.5 213.0 321 13/14.02.2018 42.3 21.9 9.1 10.2 5.8 4.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 139.4 75.1 214.5 320 19/20.03.2018 42.4 22.0 9.2 10.3 5.0 4.6 <0.01 0.16 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 135.4 74.1 209.5 311 20/21.03.2018 42.5 22.1 9.3 10.4 5.1 4.8 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 134.2 71.6 205.8 322 26/27.03.2018 42.6 22.2 9.4 10.5 5.6 5.1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 132.2 66.8 199.0 311 27/28.03.2018 42.7 22.3 9.5 10.6 5.3 5.2 <0.01 0.19 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 129.5 68.4 197.9 324 02/03.04.2018 42.8 22.4 9.6 10.7 5.2 5.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 126.2 65.7 191.9 314 03/04.04.2018 42.9 22.5 9.7 10.8 5.8 5.2 <0.01 0.19 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 124.1 67.4 191.5 305 09/10.04.2018 43.0 22.6 9.8 10.9 5.7 5.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 125.1 62.5 187.6 306 10/ 11.04.2018 43.1 22.7 9.9 11.0 5.9 4.9 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 120.1 63.5 183.6 308 16/17.04.2018 43.2 22.8 10.0 11.1 4.6 4.7 <0.01 0.14 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 132.0 68.4 200.4 309 17/18.04.2018 43.3 22.9 10.1 11.2 6.0 4.7 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 124.0 66.4 190.4 316 Min 41.0 20.6 7.8 8.9 3.5 4.1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 120.1 59.5 183.6 305 Max 43.3 22.9 10.1 11.2 6.5 5.4 <0.01 0.19 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 139.4 75.1 214.5 352 Avg 42.2 21.8 9.0 10.1 5.0 4.7 <0.01 0.12 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 131.9 68.6 200.5 317.9 98th <0.01 0.15 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 percentile 43.3 22.9 10.1 11.2 6.3 5.3 139.3 74.9 213.8 342.3
181 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Establishment of Early Production System at BTSAD in Bantumilli South Field, Bhimavaram, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh for M/s Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Annexures
AQ5 Dayyaladibba Benzyle- Nickel Non PM PM SO NO2 O3 Ammonia Benzene alfa- Lead (Pb) Arsenic Methane Hydrocarbon CO ppm 10 2.5 2 as Ni Methane Pyrene μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 ng/m3 μg/m3 ng/m3 ng/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 μg/m3 31.1./1.2.2018 42.2 21.1 8.1 9.8 4.1 6.1 <0.01 0.22 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 125.0 65.2 190.2 306 1/2.02.2018 42.3 21.2 8.2 9.9 4.3 6.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 127.0 64.2 191.2 298 7/8.2.2018 42.4 21.3 8.3 10.0 4 6 <0.01 0.21 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 126.0 52.6 178.6 248 8/9.2.2018 42.5 21.4 8.4 10.1 3.9 6.6 <0.01 0.24 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 126.1 53.8 179.9 265 14/15.2.2018 42.6 21.5 8.5 10.2 5 5.4 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 123.1 53.7 176.8 280 15/16.2.2018 42.7 21.6 8.6 10.3 4.5 6.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 121.5 65.1 186.6 301 21/22.2.2018 42.8 21.7 8.7 10.4 4.6 5.4 <0.01 0.26 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 125.0 66.9 191.9 306 22/232.2018 42.9 21.8 8.8 10.5 4.8 5.3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 116.0 68.4 184.4 310 28.2/1.3.2018 43.0 21.9 8.9 10.6 5.1 6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 119.6 54.4 174.0 311 1/2.3.2018 43.1 22.0 9.0 10.7 5.3 4.8 <0.01 0.25 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 121.0 53.5 174.5 315 7/8.3.2018 43.2 22.1 9.1 10.8 6 4.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 122.0 55.4 177.4 316 8/9.3.2018 43.3 22.2 9.2 10.9 6.1 4.6 <0.01 0.24 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 122.1 57.4 179.5 318 14/15.3.2018 43.4 22.3 9.3 11.0 6.3 6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 119.2 54.6 173.8 319 15/16.3.2018 43.5 22.4 9.4 11.1 4.8 5.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 116.4 52.6 169.0 320 21/22.3.2018 43.6 22.5 9.5 11.2 4.5 5.3 <0.01 0.22 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 121.1 54.2 175.3 321 22/23.3.2018 43.7 22.6 9.6 11.3 4.9 5.4 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 123.4 50.6 174.0 298 28/29.3.2018 43.8 22.7 9.7 11.4 4.7 5.5 <0.01 0.26 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 122.0 52.4 174.4 306 29/30.3.2018 43.9 22.8 9.8 11.5 5.2 6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 119.8 48.5 168.3 307 4/5.4.2018 44.0 22.9 9.9 11.6 5 6.3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 124.5 47.9 172.4 306 5/6.4.2018 44.1 23 10.0 11.7 5.3 6.8 <0.01 0.27 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 126.1 48.6 174.7 314 11/12.4.2018 44.2 23.1 10.1 11.8 4.6 5.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 121.4 47.8 169.2 315 12/13.4.2018 44.3 23.2 10.2 11.9 4.8 5.3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 124.5 49.5 174.0 316 18/19.04.2018 44.4 23.3 10.3 12.0 5.6 4.8 <0.01 0.22 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 120.0 50.1 170.1 318 19/20.04.2018 44.5 23.4 10.4 12.1 5.9 5 <0.01 0.21 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 122.1 50.0 172.1 315 Min 42.2 21.1 8.1 9.8 3.9 4.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 116 47.8 168.3 248.0 Max 44.5 23.4 10.4 12.1 6.3 6.8 <0.01 0.27 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 127 68.4 191.9 321.0 Avg 43.3 22.3 9.3 11.0 5.0 5.6 <0.01 0.21 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 122.3 54.9 177.2 305.4 98th percentile 44.5 23.4 10.4 12.1 6.2 6.7 <0.01 0.25 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 126.6 67.7 191.6 320.5
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AQ6 Gollavanitippa Benzyle Nicke Non Ammoni Benzen Lead Arseni Methan Hydrocarbo CO PM PM SO NO2 O3 -alfa- l as Methan 10 2.5 2 a e (Pb) c e n ppm Pyrene Ni e μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 μg/m μg/m ng/m μg/m ng/m ng/m μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m
2/3.2.2018 44.1 22.3 9.3 10.8 6.2 7.5 <0.01 0.43 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 122.0 70.3 192.3 248 3/4.02.2018 44.2 22.4 9.4 10.9 4.3 7.8 <0.01 0.24 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 113.0 75.4 188.4 256 9/10.2.2018 44.3 22.5 9.5 11.0 3.5 8.1 <0.01 0.36 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 116.0 49.5 165.5 284 10/11.2.2018 44.5 22.6 9.6 11.2 5.1 8.3 <0.01 0.42 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 119.5 50.6 170.1 295 16/17.2.2018 44.6 22.7 9.7 11.4 3.6 8.5 <0.01 0.56 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 109.2 50.4 159.6 278 17/18.2.2018 44.7 22.8 9.8 11.6 4.2 8.6 <0.01 0.65 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 108.0 55.3 163.3 265 23/24.2.2018 44.8 22.9 9.9 11.8 4.1 8.4 <0.01 0.66 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 108.4 53.6 162.0 268 24/25.2.2018 44.9 23 10.0 12.0 3.5 8.1 <0.01 0.49 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 113.0 56.4 169.4 275 2/3.3.2018 45 23.1 10.1 12.2 3.9 7.6 <0.01 0.12 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 112.0 54.2 166.2 249 3 / 4.3.2018 45.1 23.2 10.2 12.4 4.6 7.9 <0.01 0.34 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 112.6 53.4 166.0 295 9/10.3.2018 45.2 23.3 10.3 12.6 5.1 8.1 <0.01 0.38 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 116.5 54.6 171.1 290 10/11.3.2018 45.3 23.4 10.4 12.8 5.3 6.5 <0.01 0.41 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 115.8 52.6 168.4 249 16/17.3.2018 45.4 23.5 10.5 13.0 5.6 6.8 <0.01 0.58 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 120.1 52.9 173.0 266 17/18.3.2018 45.5 23.6 10.6 13.2 5.4 7.4 <0.01 0.66 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 117.6 54.8 172.4 259 23/24.3.2018 45.6 23.7 10.7 13.4 5.2 7.5 <0.01 0.67 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 117.2 56.7 173.9 284 24/25.3.2018 45.7 23.8 10.8 13.6 3.8 7.6 <0.01 0.48 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 116.5 59.8 176.3 259 30/31.3.2018 45.8 23.9 10.9 13.8 3.9 7.8 <0.01 0.58 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 116.4 68.2 184.6 239 31.3/1.4.2018 45.9 24 11.0 14.0 4.8 6.6 <0.01 0.56 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 119.3 68.3 187.6 248 6/7.4.2018 46 24.1 11.1 14.2 5.7 6.8 <0.01 0.54 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 118.6 70.6 189.2 295 7/8.4.2018 46.1 24.2 11.2 14.4 4.2 6.9 <0.01 0.23 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 111.8 62.1 173.9 278 13/14.4.2018 46.2 24.3 11.3 14.6 6.1 7.7 <0.01 0.24 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 116.5 52.4 168.9 249 14/15.4.2018 46.3 24.4 11.4 14.8 6.2 7.5 <0.01 0.34 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 114.6 53.4 168.0 266 20/21.04.2018 46.4 24.5 11.5 15.0 7 7.9 <0.01 0.38 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 118.0 54.2 172.2 253 21/22.04.2018 46.5 24.6 11.6 15.1 7.1 7.8 <0.01 0.36 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 117.2 56.1 173.3 261 Min 44.1 22.3 9.3 10.8 3.5 6.5 <0.01 0.12 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 108 49.5 159.6 239 Max 46.5 24.6 11.6 15.1 7.1 8.6 <0.01 0.67 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 122 75.4 192.3 295 Avg 45.3 23.5 10.5 12.9 4.9 7.7 <0.01 0.54 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 115.4 57.7 173.2 267.0 98th <0.01 0.63 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 percentile 46.5 24.6 11.6 15.1 7.1 8.6 121.1 73.2 190.9 295.0
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ANNEXURE III: HSE
Environmental Clearances
HSE Policy: Exploration and production of hydrocarbon involves risk and close interaction with surrounding environment. To safeguard the working and surrounding environment, ONGC has adopted a well-defined HSE policy focusing on Occupational Health, Safe Operation and control of pollution.
Statutory Compliance: In carrying out its operations and safety requirements, ONGC abides by laws pertaining to oil and gas exploration and production in India, particularly the Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) and Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD). All statutory consents are obtained under section 21 of Air Act, under section 25 of Water Act and Authorization under Rule 3(C) & 5(5) of the Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules for meeting operational requirements. All the stipulations are monitored and timely reported to the respective regulatory agencies.
ISO certified: All the installations of ONGC have an integrated management System based on requirements of ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001 and ISO 14001 and certified by third party. The integrated management system is in place since 2004. All operating facilities were certified to ISO 9001 since 2004-05. Today 412 nos. working units of have third party certified integrated QHSE Management System.
Corporate Environment Policy: The environment management system of ONGC is top driven, effective and vibrant. Top management commitment for prevention of pollution and protection of environment is evident in the exclusive Corporate Environment Policy statement stating the commitment.
Renewable energy: ONGC’s holistic focus on sustainable growth ensures its thrust on pursuing renewable sources of energy, decreasing our internal carbon footprint and exploring unconventional hydrocarbons. We are setting up a 102 MW Wind Farm in Rajasthan, in addition to a 51 MW Unit already working successfully in Buhl, Gujarat. The planned investment is about INR 8 billion and the plant is likely to be commissioned by 2014-15.
Energy conservation: ONGC has well defined energy policy which focuses on various aspects of energy conservation. The introduction of environment friendly and energy efficient technologies led to an estimated savings of INR 409.23 Crores during 2011-12.
Green Building: ONGC acknowledges that buildings have major environmental impact over their entire life cycle. Hence, ONGC has taken up concept of constructing green building, the essence of which would be to address all these issues in an integrated and scientific manner with due compliance to the guidelines of GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment). As part of its commitment to sustainable development, ONGC has taken up development of Green Buildings at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata & Dehradun. These buildings are expected to save 50 to 60% energy, save water by about 30%, harvest 100% rainwater and
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discharge zero sewage and as compared to baseline buildings. Biodiversity Conservation: Apart from complying with the environmental legal requirements, ONGC, as a responsible corporate citizen has taken many initiatives to conserve nature and minimize impact of our operations. Various initiatives taken by ONGC in operational and outside operational areas are:
Mangrove Plantation: ONGC has undertaken massive mangrove plantation drive in operational areas. In the Phase 1 of the project, 12 lakh saplings and about 5 lakh seeds and propugules were planted in the erosion-prone area along the coast of the Dhadar river at Ankleshwar. Following the success of the Phase 1 of 'Mangrove Restoration and Conservation Education Project' at Ankleshwar, ONGC has gone for the continuation of the mangrove plantation at Ankleshwar and Hazira.
Ringal Plantation: We are working on a long-term project to plant Ringal Bamboo in the fragile Upper Himalayan Region which is also focus area outlined in National Action Plan for Climate Change by Prime Minister. This project extends over a period of 5 years and covers an area of 730 hectares.
Project Eastern Swamp Deer: ONGC is also working for protection of eco-system of the North-Eastern region of the country, particularly the state of Assam. The region of Kaziranga in upper Assam is home to the famed one horned Rhinoceros and the Eastern Swamp Deer. It is also home to only surviving pool of Eastern Swamp Deer found in the Kaziranga National Park.
Bioremediation: Accidental oil spillages and the tank bottom sludge generated during the routine operations do pose threat to the environment. ONGC hence decided to look for environmental friendly options for the disposal and treatment. ONGC explored the biotechnological option i.e. bioremediation wherein the indigenous microorganisms are isolated, enriched and harnessed on mass scale for application in the field. ONGC collaborated with The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI, India) for supplying necessary technology and resources for carrying out the project on bioremediation.
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Safety
Risk assessment and control The ONGC has developed SMS based on OHSAS 18001 which is third party certified. All hazards are identified and associated risks are evaluated, quantified and brought to acceptable level through relevant work procedure & management plans. Emergency preparedness is part of the system. ONGC follows five basic steps to manage its operational risk. 1. Identify Hazard 2. Assess Risk 3. Decide Control Measures 4. Implement Control Measures 5. Monitors and Review Institute of Engineering & Ocean Technology (IEOT) is the nodal agency for HAZOP & QRA studies in close association with Institute of Petroleum Safety Health and Environmental Management (IPSHEM), Institute of Oil and Gas Production Technology (IOGPT) and Institute of Drilling Technology (IDT)
Efforts taken to build and maintain safety & health culture at workplace To imbibe HSE culture among ONGC employees various programme were undertaken across the organization. Safety awareness campaign is organized every year on the occasion of National Safety Day on 4th March. An online quiz at all work centres of ONGC was launched for employees by CMD and winners receive recognition certificate by CMD, ONGC for motivating them. Apart from local safety awareness campaign, a complete organization level safety awareness campaigns are launched every year with specific themes. The details of some them are provided as below:
Humsafe Campaign: In the year 2012, “Humsafe” campaign is launched. It is a campaign which will spur everyone to think safety and act safely for himself and his team. ONGCians Promise of Humsafe: “To establish a Sustainable, Safe and World-Class working environment in ONGC, I promise to be safe myself & will leave no stone unturned for the safety of my team and colleagues”.
Contractor Safety Workshop: To improve upon the safety culture among contract workers, a series of workshops with participation by senior management of both ONGC as well as contractors was arranged during the period FY 2010-11 under the campaign "Safe Together – Tomorrow” and “Effective supervision is the Key."
Workshop on Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene: To promote 'Health is Wealth', a one-day workshop on 'Occupational Health and Industry Hygiene' was inaugurated on 23 December 2011 by Mr. A K Hazarika, former Director (Onshore) at New Delhi. Mr. Hazarika expressed that monitoring the health level of ONGC workforce was of paramount importance. Dr. Meena Shah of Medico Media, Ahmedabad, defined health as a dynamic integration of body, mind and spirit.
Emergency Response: The Oil and Gas Exploration & Production Activities are dangerous. Although built-in safety systems at the design stages greatly reduce the risk-fallout probabilities, we still are prepared adequately to
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plan for mitigating the consequences of such disasters by mobilizing internal and external resources. Site specific emergency response plan (ERP) for individual installation and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) at asset level is an integral part of emergency response. Offsite DMP plan at district level have also been made and approved by competent authorities. Corporate DMP is activated when the decision of top management are required with the involvement of and Govt. of India.
Dedicated Crisis Management team Blowout Control and all other related jobs of Drilling, Workover and Production of various Assets & Basins are handled by 4 Regional Crisis Management Teams namely RCMT-Rajahmundry, Baroda, Sivasagar, Mumbai. All these 4 Teams will be headed by respective Head-RCMTs under the functional guidance of Head-CMT-Operations. Apart from the Mitigation of Blowouts, these teams are involved in Kick Circulation, Equipment Audit, Critical Well Reviews, Crew Trainings and Preparation of Contingency plans & SOPs etc. as part of preventive measures. The Team and Infrastructure at Mumbai, caters to the need of Mumbai Offshore.
Oil Spill Management: ONGC has tier-1 capability of combating oil spills of up to 700 tons. Necessary booms, skimmers and chemicals are available for the purpose. For Tier-II, ONGC has inked MoU with MPT, JNPT & other oil companies for the implementation of the National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOS- DCP) in coordination with Indian Coast Guard. For combating oil spills of higher magnitude (Tier-III), membership of international response agency Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL), U.K has been taken by ONGC.
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ANNEXURE IV: TOR
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