West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (Waapp)

WEST AFRICA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM (WAAPP)

(Government of Ghana/World Bank Programme)

ANNUAL REPORT-2014 JULY 2009

Prepared By: Project Coordination Unit Ministry of Food and Agriculture P. O. Box Mb37 Accra, Ghana

th 30 January 2015

TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS /ACRONYMS ...... 8 INTRODUCTION ...... 10 PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES ...... 11 KEY RESULTS/OUTPUTS BY COMPONENTS ...... 13 COMPONENT 1: ENABLING CONDITIONS FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION IN ...... 13 TECHNOLOGY GENERATION AND DISSEMINATION ...... 13 1.1 Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate (PPRSD) ...... 13 1.2 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ...... 15 1.3 Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD) ...... 17 1.4 National Variety Release and Registration Committee (NVRRC) and Climate Change ...... 19 1.5 Climate Change (CC) Activities ...... 21 1.6 Women in Agricultural Development Directorate (WIAD) ...... 22 1.7 CSIR- Intellectual Property Right ...... 23 1.8 CSIR WAAPP Website...... 24 COMPONENT 2: NATIONAL CENTER OF SPECIALIZATION (NCOS) ...... 25 2.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 25 2.2 ROOT & TUBER PROGRAMMES ...... 26 2.2.1 Cassava Programme ...... 26 2.2.2 Cocoyam Programme ...... 30 2.2.3 Sweetpotato Programme ...... 35 2.2.4 Yam Improvement and Seed Systems ...... 40 2.2.5 Biotechnology Activities ...... 44 2.3 Visiting Scientists and Cross-Border Technology Transfer ...... 52 2.4 Centre of Specialization Management Committee (COSMAC) ...... 53 2.5 ISO Certification for NCoS...... 54 2.6 . IAR4D/ Innovation Platform ...... 54 3.1 Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR Head Office) ...... 57 3.2 GENERATION AND ADOPTION OF DEMAND -DRIVEN ADAPTIVE RESEARCH...... 75 3.2.1 Directorate of Agricultural Extension Services (DAES) ...... 75 3.2.2 Directorate of Crop Services (DCS) ...... 79 3.2.3 Animal Production Directorate (APD) ...... 82 3.2.4 Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA) ...... 85 3.3 ACCESS TO IMPROVED GENETIC MATERIALS ...... 88 COMPONENT 4: PROJECT COORDINATION UNIT (PCU) ...... 92 4.1 Implementation Support Mission, Wrap–up and Regional Steering Committee Meetings ...... 92 4.2. National Steering Committee Meeting ...... 93 4.3 Programme Management Committee (PMC) Meeting ...... 93 4.4 Technology Dissemination Strategy Workshop...... 93 4.5 e-Agriculture Sensitization Workshop ...... 94 4.6 Study Tours ...... 95 4.7 Exhibition ...... 96 4.8 Monitoring and Evaluation Activities ...... 96 4.9 Financial Management Issues ...... 102 4.10 Procurement Activities...... 103 5.0 KEY LESSONS AND SUCCESS STORIES ...... 105

ANNUAL REPORT -2014

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Country in the past five years has been food secured in most of its major food staples. To sustain this achievement, efforts have been directed at improving production levels of these staple crops especially root and tubers. Additional effort is being made to increase production capacity of crops for which there is a production deficit such as rice. The Medium Term Agricultural Sector Investment Plan (METASIP) by the government sets out clear strategies to accomplish the objective of food security through improved levels in productivity, food storage, distribution and nutrition. During the year under review, government created an enabling environment for key interventions such as the WAAPP to forward its agenda through the introduction and dissemination of improved technologies to actors along the WAAPP commodity chain thereby contributing to food security. During the year under review, the programme collaborated with the following institutions to execute its planned activities . Under WAAPP 2A, five (5) CSIR institutions performed critical roles to ensure smooth implementation of research activities under the program. They include, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Head Office, Crop Research Institute (CRI), Animal Research Institute (ARI), Food Research Institute (FRI) and Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI). Furthermore, Institutions under the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) which is the lead agency implemented its activities through the Directorates of Agricultural Extension Services (DAES), Directorate of Crops Services (DCS), Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate (PPRSD), Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD), Animal Production Directorate (APD), Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA) and Women in Agricultural Development (WIAD). Other Implementation Agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also played vital role to ensure environmental stewardship. The PCU pursued its mandate through effective coordination and monitoring.

Ghana’s agriculture is mainly rain-fed, making rainfall volumes and distribution critical to crop and animal production. Although rainfall volume in 2013 was higher than 2012, the distribution was better for crop production in 2012 than 2013. The dry weather conditions during the early parts of 2014 coupled with late rains delayed farming activities especially in the three regions in the north. However, conditions improved with adequate rainfall especially in the forest, coastal and transitional zones resulting in intensive agricultural activities.

In 2014, the program carried out activities on improved technology generation, dissemination and adoption in root and tubers, cereals and legumes. A number of pesticide and fertilizer products were registered; generation of breeder materials for root and tuber crops and the production and administration of additional doses of thermosatble NDI-2 vaccine in-country and other WAAPP countries continued in earnest. Furthermore, significant efforts were made to establish massive planting material multiplication fields by private seed growers. The programme facilitated the supply of incubators and small ruminants (sheep and goats) to poultry and livestock farmers in three regions in the north whilst small ruminants were distributed under the credit-in-kind arrangement in the western, central and eastern regions.

In achieving the objectives of component one, the Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD) produced additional 20 million doses of thermostable NDI-2 vaccines for the control of Newcastle disease in local poultry to bring total production to 34 million doses. During the period under review, a total of 1,445,946 family poultry were vaccinated to cover 30,879 households. So far, a cumulative total of 5,102,707 birds have been vaccinated with 44,000 households benefiting from the exercise in Ghana. This comprised 49% female-headed households. The Directorate of Crop Services (DCS) facilitated the development of a road map for the establishment of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) learning sites in four districts. Furthermore, the National Variety Release and Registration 3

Committee (NVRRC) had a series of meetings on the Plants Breeders Bill (PBB) as against the threat posed by GMOs and key recommendations on the way forward regarding PBB made to the presidency through MoFA. The committee carried out field inspection of proposed fields of pearl millet (5) and maize (1) to be released. Inspection of six (6) elite clones of cassava was also conducted in Fumesua. All varieties are yet to be recommended for release after second inspection. So far, 106 crop varieties have been catalogued following the DUS and VCU protocols. The Women in Agriculture Directorate (WIAD) trained processors in the Ga South district to fortify their gari with soybean resulting in marked improvement in the quality product and are now producing Export-Grade gari. Also, a training program organized by Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate (PPRSD) of MOFA for Seed, Fertilizer and Pesticide Inspectors resulted in the registration of over 1,400 retailers and 170 distributors, 52 importers, 3 manufacturers and over 146 fertilizer products have been registered. Four (4) additional fertilizer products are currently under review processes prior to registration. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pesticide Technical Committee (PTC) evaluated and recommended for registration 142 pesticide products during the year under review. Nine (9) out of 14 technologies developed under WAAPP have been presented for Intellectual Property (IP) registration.

In component two, CSIR-Crops Research Institute organized a regional planning workshop with the theme – “Towards regional partnership and linkages in agricultural research and development” - to create a platform for identification, planning and implementation of common research problems and solutions in the different countries in the WAAPP.

Under the cassava program, improved cassava planting materials have been supplied by CSIR CRI to establish a total of 173-acre (69.2 ha) on-farm/multiplication fields across the country in collaboration with MoFA, private individuals and institutions. Furthermore, new fields for multiplication of the four released varieties have been established, a total of 32.45 acres (12.98ha) have been established at 6 locations. Disease assessment of cassava varieties of the different sterotypes or strains of mosaic virus has been established in 3 locations (Fumesua, Ejura and Ohawu) and infested samples collected for laboratory diagnosis. Again, multi-location evaluation of elite cassava clones for food and industrial use are in the final stage for varietal release (5 each for food and industrial use). The Varietal Release Committee’s first inspection was conducted in August 2014 and possible date of release will be in August 2016.

Under the cocoyam program, 5 primary Breeder multiplication fields were established at Fumesua, Begoro, Assin Foso, Kukuom and Ainyinase. Furthermore, CRI in collaboration with the International Network of Edible Aroids (INEA) established a crossing block of 14 local and 11 exotic Taro trials at Nobewam. The programme also established 7 fields, one (1) on-station (Fumesua) and two (2) on-farms at Begoro, 3 at Bechem and 1 at Asesewa to determine the correct time of harvesting early maturing cocoyam. A total of 1.3ha of primary and 2 ha secondary multiplication fields have also been established for 2014 for further multiplication to farmers.

Under the sweetpotato programme, over 3,000 controlled crosses were conducted using 17 parents. Currently, 606 controlled and over 5,000 open-pollinated seeds have been collected and stored. 17 elite clones have been established as parents for crosses and plants are vigorously growing in the crossing block. A 0.6ha (1.5 acre) breeder seed multiplication field has been established for 2014 and about 11,300 breeder vine cuttings have been supplied to various stakeholders. So far, 3 trials have been established at Ejura, Fumesua and Komenda and arrangements are underway to establish trials at Kpeve, Ohawu and Pokuase. Three (3) demonstration fields have been established at konko, Aseja new camp, and Ganyokorpe to expose farmers to the released sweetpotato varieties. Over 80 sweetpotato germplasm were virus indexed against 10 common viruses. Four varieties of sweetpotato; Bohye, Dadanue, Ligri and Apomuden were certified virus-free after undergoing tissue culture processes. These virus-cleaned materials are being maintained in the screen house together with the 40 viral infected specimen collected from 6 regions in Ghana 4

Under the yam improvement programme, 2.5ha (6 acres) of yam fields have been established at Ejura, Brahoho, Dromankese, Baniantwe, Nyomoase and Fumesua. Again, 20 Agricultural Station Managers and 70 seed growers have so far been trained in seed yam production using vine techniques. Out of the 70 trained, 20 have been able to establish their own seed fields from the vine technology. 12,400 setts have been distributed to stakeholders (Individuals and Institutions). 4000 micro tubers generated from the vines were evaluated. Furthermore, about 3,000 setts were planted at each location and these areas will serve as a training unit.

Demand-driven technology generation and adoption was facilitated under component three. The Competitive Agricultural Research Grant Scheme (CARGS) Board, screened and vetted proposals to address identified problems of farmers and 14 full proposals were submitted to the World Bank for ‘No Objection. Out of this, 10 have received ‘No objection’ for implementation.

The Food Research Institute (FRI) also organized three Investors fora and exhibition to introduce WAAPP 2A products to create a platform for sharing of processing technologies and opportunities. The construction of an Agribusiness Centre for the production of glucose syrup and ethanol for pharmaceutical and confectionary utilization is 92% completed. The centre will be used for the production and training services for Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SME’s). Composite flours of cassava, sorghum, rice and maize have been formulated on 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50% into bread, chips, meat pies, biscuits, cakes and doughnuts respectively. 29 processing groups comprising 264 men and 459 women, were trained in the processing of High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF), grits, chips and gari in the Volta, Eastern, Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and Central regions. Processing equipment (graters and presses) were fabricated and distributed to 27 out of the 28 cassava processors identified in Volta, Eastern, Central, Brong Ahafo and Ashanti regions.

Furthermore, a 2,000 capacity Guinea Fowl Resource Centre was stocked with 300 growers and eggs from existing stocks were hatched for further expansion and training whilst additional 300 birds were stocked at Pokuase centre. Furthermore, 1,800 capacity on-station brooder pens for research and demonstration on management of keet mortality experiments was also completed for training purposes and stocked with 926 keets at the Animal Research Institute (ARI). A model and experimental pens for semi-intensive and intensive systems completed. Training of farmers on management of keet mortality was completed. The Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) has advanced in the breeder seed production of all the five candidate genotypes (SOXSAT, Arrow, Tongo Yellow, Bong Short-head and Bristled head) with each planted on 1 acre field. These are at various stages of crop development. Plans are afoot to release the 5 candidate materials by the National Variety Release and Registration Committee by the end of third quarter.

The Directorate of Agricultural Extension (DAES) supported 83 districts in all the 10 regions of Ghana to establish 400 community demonstrations. These include 150 cassava, 149 maize, 28 rice, 32 cowpea and 41 sweetpotato. The outfit also initiated the procurement process to acquire materials to construct five ventilated Greenhouses. This technology will enhance all year round production of vegetables and other crops to ensure food security and improved livelihoods of beneficiaries. A total of 20,223 farmers and Instititutions benefited from the Community Field Demonstrations

The Directorate of Crops Services (DCS) maintained 60 ha cassava primary multiplication sites established at the five National Agricultural stations in 2013. A total of 171ha cassava primary multiplication field have been planted in 2014. The directorate also started a rice intensification

5 programme with the distribution of 20 tons of certified seed to 1,000 farmers in the northern, Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions as “starter pack” to introduce high yielding WAAPP/CSIR- AGRA rice variety to farmers. Three (3) agricultural stations (Wenchi, Kpeve and Babile) were rehabilitated by WAAPP during the year under review.

Furthermore, under component three, the Animal Production Directorate (APD) trained and supplied 40 farmers in the three regions in the north with 40 incubators and 40 electric generators (as energy back up) to serve as out-growers to supply keets to other farmers. A total of 40,000 guinea fowl eggs, 25.2mt (560bags) of feed, 32,000 doses of Gumboro disease vaccine, 64,000 doses of Thermostable ND1-2 vaccine, 64,000 doses of Fowl pox vaccine, 10kgs of poultry dewormer, and 100kgs of Antibiotic/vitamin drug were given to 80 beneficiary farmers as start-up capital to commence production. Results of monitoring revealed that about 75% of the farmers have set eggs ranging from 150 to 800 for hatching. Hatchability ranged between 8% and 80% depending on the location and sensitization is ongoing to improve the situation. Furthermore, 90 beneficiary farmers from 15 districts benefited from the Credit in kind scheme with each farmer getting a starter stock of 5 animals (i.e.4 females and 1male

The Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA) conducted 6 demonstrations on leafy vegetables and tomatoes with farmer groups in FFSs on 6 GIDA schemes under gravity and sprinkler systems and supported interested farmers with chilli pepper seed after FFS training to continue production. It also sensitized 100 farmers on 4 GIDA schemes (Ada, Dodoekope, Kpando- Torkor and Dawa). Furthermore, yield analysis was conducted in 6-greenhouses for different varieties. Yields of 25.8 tons/ha and 23.6 tons/ha were recorded for Nkansah and Mariana varieties respectively.

The Seed Support Unit at PCU also facilitated private sector involvement and partnered with Cassava Alcohol Technology (CALTECH), SPARKX Ghana Ltd and other private individuals in 14 districts to establish cassava, sweet potato, cocoyam, groundnut and rice seed fields. So far a total of 1,743.6 ha is under cultivation to improved crop seed fields by private commercial seed growers. Again, a total of 979.8 ha tertiary multiplication fields have been established in 15 districts to kick-start tertiary multiplication of existing improved varieties. A total of 613 individuals commercial growers and 2,418 tertiary multipliers have benefitted from these interventions during the period under review. The Program Coordinating Unit (PCU) facilitated the organization of a Technology Dissemination Strategy workshop and the launching of e-Agricultural sensitization progromme. The unit also organized three (3)-project management meetings and two (2) National Steering Committee (NSC) meetings as ell as and two (2) Implementation Support Missions (ISM). The unit participated in wrap–up and Regional Steering Committee meetings in Lome, Togo and Salley in Senegal. In addition, the PCU hosted Six (6) countries on study tour from Gambia, Niger, Cote D’Ivoire, Togo, Mali and Sierra Leone. The Communication unit participated in an Agricultural Fair in Cape Verde. The unit facilitated the rehabilitation of the three Agricultural Stations and three MoFA resource centres to host the e-Agricultural platform. Furthermore, it facilitated the establishment of commercial planting material multiplication in collaboration with the regional and district directorates of agriculture. The M&E unit monitored the activities of key implementing partners in all the 10 regions and updated the Result framework. The M&E officer also backstopped Nigeria and Gambia in Web based M&E system. Finally, the unit facilitated the disbursement of funds to all implementing units.

Execution of the programme’s activities between January and December 2014 was quite satisfactory. However, the challenges/problem of slow expenditure returns led to slow disbursement rate in 2014; low number of technologies from other WAAPP countries and emerging challenges with CRI-Ampong variety (fibrous) and pest infestation in some few districts;

6 encroachment of research fields and Land tenure challenges and inability to get tax waivers / exemptions for consumables imported by the Biotechnology unit and Animal Research Institute (ARI) require urgent attention. There is an urgent need for the cassava breeding team to address emerging issues regarding the corky, woody and chaffy nature of Ampong in addition to pests and disease symptoms surfacing in some districts. There is an urgent need to also expand the dissemination of improved and released technologies to cover wider area, support field administration of NDI-2 vaccine and intensify monitoring activities. Authorities should secure tax exemptions for WAAPP. Finally, measures should be instituted to improve on the expenditure returns to improve disbursement rate and intensify supervision and monitoring at all levels to improve activity implementation efficiency.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS /ACRONYMS AEA Agricultural Extension Agent ACMV African Cassava Mosaic Virus AFSTA African Seed Trade Association AGRA Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa AKIS Agricultural Knowledge Information System APD Animal Production Directorate ASIWA Alliance for Seed Industry for West Africa BMTRM Bi-monthly Technical Review Meetings CAAS China Academy of Agricultural Science CARGS Competitive Agricultural Research Grants Scheme COSMAC Centre of Specialization Management Committee CQS Consultants’ Qualification Selection CRI Crops Research Institute CPV Community Poultry Vaccinators CILSS Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (English Version) CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DAES Directorate of Agricultural Extension Services DOCs Day old Chicks DCS Directorate of Crop Services DUS Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EACMV East African Cassava Mosaic Virus EPA Environmental Protection Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment FASDEP Food and Agricultural Sector Development Policy FP Farmer’ Practice GAIDA Ghana Agro Input Dealers Association GIDA Ghana Irrigation Development Authority GOG Government of Ghana GSID Ghana Seed Inspectorate Division HRD Human Resource Development I-2 Strain of the Newcastle disease virus designated I-2 ICD International Competitive Bidding IFPRI The International Food Policy Research Institute INEA International Network of Edible Aroids IPs Innovation Platforms IWCM Integrated Weed and Crop Management ISM Implementation Support Mission ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture ISPs Internet Service Provider KNUST Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology LAP Land Administration Project LCS Least Cost Selection LHGD Low Head Gravity Drip MAP Months after Planting MDGs Millennium Development Goals M & E Monitoring and Evaluation MoFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture MOU Memorandum of Understanding NARS National Agricultural Research Systems NCOS National Centre of Specialization ND Newcastle disease NDI-2 Strain of the Newcastle disease virus designated I-2 8

NLSP National Livestock Services Project NEPAD New Partnership for Africa's Development NLSP National Livestock Services Project NPC National Program Coordinator NPSC National Project Steering Committee OFSP Orange Fleshed Sweet potato PBB Plants Breeders Bill PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PD Projects Division PGRRI Plant Genetic Resources Research Centre PPMED Policy Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Directorate PPRSD Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate PPP Public Private Partnership PFRD Pesticides and Fertilizer Regulatory Division QCBS Quality Cost Based Selection QC Quality Control RADUs Regional Agricultural Directorate Units R & D Research and Development RELCs Research Extension Linkages Committees RCoE Regional Centre of Excellence ROPPA Network of Farmers' and Agricultural Producers' (English version) SAKSS Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support Systems SEEDPAG Seed Producers Association of Ghana STI Spray Tube IrrigationTask Team leader TTL Task Team leader USIAD United States Agency for International Development VACNADA Vaccine for the Control of Neglected Animal Diseases VCU Value for Cultivation and Use VSD Veterinary Services Directorate WAAPP West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program WASP West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program WECARD/CORAF West and Central African Council for Agricultural Development WIAD Women in Agricultural Development WRI Water Research Institute

INTRODUCTION

The West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme (WAAPP) is a two-phase 10-year Adaptable Program Lending with each phase spanning five-year duration. Three countries were involved in the first phase namely; Ghana, Mali and Senegal. Currently, 13 West African Countries are involved except Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau. Phase 1 was approved in May 2007 and became operational in June 2008. WAAPP 1A ended in December 2012.

The extension of the program into its second phase for the first series of participating countries (Ghana, Mali and Senegal) is justified in light of the results achieved under the first phase. Overall, WAAPP-2A is expected to meet a target of 700,000 beneficiaries in Ghana at the end of the program, of which 40 percent of the beneficiaries are expected to be women.

The program is a strategic centerpiece for contributing towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) by 2015 as envisaged by New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)/ Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

Since its inception (phase one) in 2007, WAAPP adopted a priority-focused and transparent approach to fund research proposals, which resulted in the generation of improved technologies in Root, and Tuber crops (Cassava, Yam, Cocoyam and Sweet potato) that agree with the region’s top priorities for dissemination. The 2nd phase however, focuses on the following targeted commodities: root and tubers, vegetables (tomato, onions and pepper), small ruminants and poultry (guinea fowl); improved technologies for cereals (maize, sorghum/millet and rice) and associated legumes generated by Regional Centre of Excellence (RCoE)/Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) will be adapted and disseminated in Ghana.

The annual report of 2014, outlines project activities implemented, achievements/results, challenges and recommendations. To enhance the achievement of planned activities, the first tranche of funds were duly released to all implementing agencies in February to kick-start their respective activities in all four components of the program. During the period under review an estimated 43.9% of program funds has been disbursed as at November 2014.

Major events that characterized the reporting year include: the massive expansion cassava planting material base to cover over 1,700ha by commercial/individual seed growers, the production of additional 20 million doses of Thermostable NDI-2 vaccines, to cover over 5 million family/local poultry and over 44,000 beneficiary households. WAAPP supported research activities with the establishment of on-station and on-farm trials especially in root and tubers and cereals. The year under review also witnessed the distribution of 40 each of 1,000-capacity incubators, generators and small ruminants to farmers and distributed AGRA rice seed to over 1000 farmers. The progarmme intensified monitoring and supervision activities at the PCU by involving regional M&E directorates and other implementing agencies for improved results.

PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES The program’s objective is to generate and disseminate improved technologies in Ghana’s top priority areas that are aligned with the region’s top priorities as identified by WECARD/CORAF. In the 2nd phase of WAAPP, commodities such as vegetables (tomato, onions and pepper); small ruminants and poultry (guinea fowl) and improved technologies for cereals (maize, sorghum/millet and rice) and associated legumes generated by National Centre of Specialization (NCoS)/Regional Centre of Excellence (RCoE) will be adapted and disseminated in Ghana. The second phase of the program is to set up a framework in sharing technology, establishing a Regional Center of Excellence (RCoE), fund demand-driven technology generation and adoption and effective management monitoring and evaluation of the project. Each of the four components of the project has a set of objectives that aims at achieving specific goals. Component one: focuses on creating enabling conditions for Regional Cooperation in technology generation and dissemination (roots and tubers for Ghana). This component aims at strengthening the mechanisms and procedures for the dissemination of technology. To achieve this aim, notable activities for the realization of the objective of this component include procedures for varietal release and registration, harmonization and cataloguing to be consistent with regional conventions, establishment of National Seed Council and improved technology dissemination to farmers through field demonstration etc. Component two: emphasizes the upgrading of National Centre of Specialization (NCoS) into a Regional Center of Excellence (RCoE) for Root and Tuber crops, Capacity building of Researchers Exchange programs in technology development amongst participating countries. The aim is to strengthen the alignment of national priorities with regional priorities within the participating countries national agricultural research systems (NARS). The objective is to create a centre of specialization in each participating country, upgrade core infrastructural facilities and equipment at the centre, build the capacity of researchers and support the centre’s research and development program. The CSIR-Crops Research Institute (CSIR-CRI) in Kumasi is currently designated the National Centre of Specialization (NCOS), and the top priority commodities are the root and tuber crops, specifically, cassava, yam, sweet potato and cocoyam. Under WAAPP 2A the target commodities will include: root and tubers, vegetables (tomato, onions and pepper), small ruminants and poultry (guinea fowl). Improved technologies for cereals (maize, sorghum/millet and rice) and associated legumes generated by other NCoS/RCoE will be adapted and disseminated in Ghana. The NCOS at CRI is well staffed with about 40 research scientists in various specialities. Component three: highlights funding of demand-driven technology generation and adoption. The objective of the component is to create an avenue for the identification and prioritization of constraints to agricultural development, and to strengthen a transparent funding mechanism for research to address the constraints at national level. Furthermore, the component supports the transfer of on-the-self agricultural technologies with quick potential impact. This will give market volume and value to produce to earn increased incomes. Cross-sectoral research (e.g., sustainable land management) is clearly important, but such research must ultimately focus on the region’s top priority commodity sub-sectors, which contribute directly to the region’s agricultural growth. Within these parameters, eligible activities will cover all key constraints along the supply chain of these commodity sub-sectors. The component also supports a competitive agricultural grant scheme (CARGS) and a limited (non- competitive) core funding with strong buy-in from major stakeholders. The CARGS provides an 11 effective mechanism to involve key stakeholders (particularly producers and agribusinesses) in targeted adaptive research. As indicated earlier, non-competitive research funding is also needed to ensure that no key constraint is overlooked in the competitive process. In such cases, however, it behooves the researchers to clearly identify the needs of such researches to major stakeholders to get their buy-in. Component four: Deals with program coordination, management, monitoring and evaluation. The aim is to establish an effective coordination, management and M&E system at the national and regional levels. The financial management arrangements meet the IDA’s requirements and are thus adequate to provide with reasonable assurance, accurate and timely information on the status of the project required by IDA. This component will also strengthen the participating countries’:

 M&E systems to access agricultural productivity and competitiveness in the region’s top priority areas and reporting on program’s activities.  Financial management and procurement systems

The specific objectives for the period under review include;  Ensure that all reports (technical, financial and procurement) reach MOFA, CORAF/WECARD and the World Bank before the stated deadline.  Facilitate the conduct of ex-post evaluation and baseline studies of WAAPP and monitoring visits to intervention areas including research & development aspects of the project.  Facilitate World Bank mission’s activities in the program.  Facilitate the preparation and follow-up on the approval of WAAPP Annual Work plan and Budget.

KEY RESULTS/OUTPUTS BY COMPONENTS

COMPONENT 1: ENABLING CONDITIONS FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION IN TECHNOLOGY GENERATION AND DISSEMINATION

1.1 Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate (PPRSD) The functions of the Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate (PPRSD) are;  To regulate, organize, coordinate and implement plant protection services for sustainable agricultural productivity in Ghana.  To conduct seed inspection and certification  To regulate and ensure the quality of fertilizers

During the year under review, a number of activities were undertaken to create awareness and ensure compliance to the Plants and Fertilizer Act, 2010 (Act 803) and the Part II of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act, 1996 (Act 528). Furthermore, farmers and agro-input dealers were trained on the safe handling, use and storage of agro-inputs, which is key to the improvement of the country’s agriculture and well being of end users. The department also monitored demonstration/extension plots in selected districts. 1.1.1 Key Activities Planned To realize the objectives of this component of the project, the following activities were planned during the period under review.  Build capacity of Agro-input dealers (Seed, Pesticides, Fertilizer) on safe handling and storage of inputs  Conduct one-day sensitization workshop to create awareness on Plants and Fertilizer Act and its Regulations for law enforcement agencies in all ten (10) regions.  Conduct one-day sensitization workshop to create awareness on Plants and Fertilizer Act and its Regulations for farmers and agro-input dealers in four (4) regions.  Monitor multiplication and extension demonstration sites for seed/planting material inspection and certification.  Conduct one-day sensitization workshop to create awareness on Plants and Fertilizer Act and its Regulations for the WAAPP Project Management Committee (PMC) members.  Monitor multiplication and extension demonstration sites for seed/planting material inspection and certification.  Carry out surveillance activities in three (3) regions to monitor agro dealer outlets for compliance with provisions of Act 803.  Organize annual meeting for the Seed, Fertilizer and Plant Protection Councils

1.1.2 Results/Outputs/Outcome  A total of forty (40) agro-input dealers comprising thirty-one (31) males and nine (9) females from the Central Region have been trained to use, handle and store pesticides and fertilizers safely from 19th to 20th February 2014.

 Two sensitization workshops were organized for Seventy three (73) law enforcement agents comprising sixty-six (66) males and seven (7) females from the various entry/exit points in the Greater Accra, Upper East, Upper West, Northern and Brong Ahafo Regions and were taken through their responsibilities under the Act 803 to ensure effective compliance to the provisions of the Act on the 24th of March, and 3rd – 4th of July 2014.  The PPRSD organized capacity building programmes for its staff and undertook post- registration surveillance of pesticide and fertilizer products. 45 Seed, fertilizer and Pesticide Inspectors and 228 Agro-input dealers were trained.

 Monitored seed multiplication and extension demonstration sites in twenty-one (21) locations at six (6) districts namely; Akwapim North, Asamankese, Suhum, Akatsi North, Ho Municipal and Ho West.

 The Seed, Fertilizer and Plant Protection Councils were inaugurated on the 10th of February 2014.  The Plant Protection, Fertilizer and Seed Council Meetings were held on the 24th, 25th and 26th September respectively.

 Surveillance undertaken in 43 shops from 2nd to 4th of December 2014 in the Eastern Region.

 The sensitization workshop on the Plants and Fertilizer Act was for WAAPP Project Management Committee held at the Maple Leaf hotel-Achimota on the 13th of November 2014.

1.1.2 .1 Key Outcome  The various training and sensitization activities resulted in the registration of over 146 fertilizer products, 1,400 retailers, 178 distributors, 52 importers and 3 manufacturers of compost by PPRSD. Four (4) additional products are currently undergoing assessment for registration. Table 1a: Countrywide Registration- Importers, Manufactures/Products Dealers/Products Registered Importers 52 Manufacturers 3 Products 146 Total 201

Table 1b : Countrywide Registration –Distributors and Retailers Distributor & Retailer No. Region Distributors Retailers Registered 1 Northern 21 118 139 2 Upper West 18 108 126 3 Upper East 11 212 223 4 Brong Ahafo 24 343 353 5 Ashanti 29 190 205 6 Greater Accra 39 126 165 7 Volta 12 55 67 8 Eastern 8 54 62 9 Western 12 81 93 10 Central 4 113 117 Total 178 1,400 1,578

1.1.2 .2 Success Stories  Capacity for the handling, storage and use of agrochemicals has been built among agro input dealers and farmers to ensure food safety.  Awareness on Plants and Fertilizer Act and its Regulations created for more stakeholders led to better appreciation of the regulations passed together with the Act 803. Other law enforcement agents at the border posts have come to appreciate the provisions of the Act and indicated their willingness to collaborate with the Plant Protection staff at these posts.  Since the passage of Act 803, nationwide registration of fertilizer dealers and products has resulted in improved compliance to the regulations by the dealers. 1,400 Retailers and 170 Distributors, 52 Importers, 3 Manufacturers and 146 fertilizer products have since been

registered. Four (4) additional fertilizer product are currently under review processes prior to registration.  Councils under the Plants and Fertilizer Act, 2010 (Act 803) have been inaugurated and have had their first meeting.

1.1.3 Way Forward  Intensify sensitization on Plants and Fertilizer Act and its Regulations for more stakeholders including other law enforcement agencies, farmers and input dealers from other parts of the country.  Continue monitoring of multiplication and extension multiplication sites for seed/planting material inspection and certification.  Continue to support the quarterly meetings of the Seed, Fertilizer and Plant Protection Councils.

Fig 1a: Sensitization of Project Management Committee Members

Fig 2a: Sensitization of Law Enforcement Agencies, NR of Ghana on Act 803 Fig 2b: Sensitization Of Farmers And Input Dealers On Act 803 In The Volta Region

1.2 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The activities of EPA under the West African Agricultural Productivity Programme fall under component one: Enabling condition for Regional Cooperation in the Generation Dissemination and Adoption of Agricultural Technologies. The specific objective of this component is to strengthen the mechanisms and procedures for registration and dissemination of technology product (genetic materials, pesticides and other crop protection products) to allow for regional cooperation, cross border trade and distribution.

1.2.1 Key activities Planned  Facilitate the mainstreaming and dissemination of the ECOWAS Regulations on Pesticides

 Organize dissemination training workshops to build the capacity of stakeholders in pesticide regulations, management and enforcement.  Support the operation of the national pesticide technical committee for the registration of pesticides.

1.2.2 Results: Outputs/Outcome  Media personnel were adequately informed about pesticide regulations in Ghana, improved understanding of media men/women with regards to issues relating to the safe use and handling of pesticides for effective integration of pesticide management issues into the work of media men/women.  A total of 94 pesticide products evaluated and recommended for registration by the Pesticide Technical Committee (PTC). (Refer table 2)

Fig 3: Meeting of the Pesticide Technical Committee in Accra  Four (4) draft regulations on pesticide advertisement, pesticide labeling and packaging, pesticide licensing, pesticide registration and one composite guideline on pesticide transport, storage and disposal were reviewed.  Nine (9) additional pesticide bio efficacy trial protocols have been reviewed and harmonised with ECOWAS protocols for publication.  Selected root and tuber crops (yam, sweet potatoes and cassava). Sampled were collected for pesticides residue analysis.

Table 2: Summary of categories of pesticides registered in 2014 Category A (Pesticide registration Number of products renewals) Insecticides 17 Herbicides 36 Fungicides 15 Biocides 4 Plant Growth Regulators 2 Adjuvants 1 Sub-Total 75 Category B (New Applications) Number of products Insecticides 21 Herbicides 34 Fungicides 6 Nematicides 1 Plant Growth Regulator 1 Adjuvants 2 Biocide 1 Sub-Total 66 Category C (Parallel Registrations) Number of products Herbicide 1 16

Sub-Total 1 Grand Total 142

1.2.3 Key Success Stories  Enthusiastic response for media personnel on the awareness exercise on pesticide regulations was overwhelming.

1.2.4 Key Challenges

 The implementation of project activities alongside normal work activities poses great challenge, which led to delays in implementation.

1.3 Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD) The Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD) of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) is responsible for animal health care delivery; the control of animal diseases and the prevention of humans (homo sapiensis) contracting zoonotic infection (veterinary public health), animal health regulatory services (import & export of live animals and products of animal origin), the production and quality control of veterinary biological and vaccines, as well as the conduct of research into new ways of diagnosis and control of animal diseases. Under WAAPP, the VSD is mandated to implement ECOWAS regulations on veterinary and animal products with special emphasis on the production of Thermostable Newcastle disease (NDI-2) vaccine for the control of Newcastle disease in poultry. In fulfillment of the objectives of component one, the Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD) of the Ministry of Food & Agriculture (MOFA) is promoting the production of the Thermostable vaccine (NDI-2) and its nationwide field administration for the effective control of Newcastle disease in the scavenging village poultry. The Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Ghana and therefore causes outbreaks among village poultry throughout the year. Most of diseases of the free range scavenging village poultry are Newcastle disease (ND), which accounts for over 80% mortality of the birds annually. Improved village production and productivity is the sure way for the economic empowerment of women, rural household food and nutrition security and poverty alleviation. A total of 34 million doses of the vaccine have been produced since 2013. In 2014, 21 million doses were produced. 1.3.1 Key activities Planned:  Produce additional 20 million doses thermostable Newcastle disease (NDI-2) vaccine for the control of Newcastle disease in poultry.  Organize training programmes for community vaccinators in the three regions in the north and Brong Ahafo.  Distribute and administer at least 3 million doses of vaccines.  Organise sensitization workshop on ECOWAS regulation on veterinary and animal products. 1.3.2 Results/Outputs/Outcome  VSD produced additional 21 million doses of thermostable NDI-2 vaccine for field administration in-country and the sub-region in 2014 alone to bring the total production to 34 million doses of thermostable NDI-2 vaccines for the control of Newcastle disease in local/family poultry.  A total of 1,142 community vaccinators in the three regions in the north and parts of Brong Ahafo have been trained. Of this number, 797 were trained between January and June 2014.  The department has so far vaccinated a total of 5,102,707 family local/poultry in Ghana as at November 2014.  Supplied 44,000 households with thermostable NDI-2 vaccine to reduce Newcastle disease amongst family/local poultry in 2014 in Ghana and beyond. Of this number, over 30,000 households were supplied with thermostable NDI-2 vaccine to reduce/control Newcastle

disease amongst family/local poultry in Ghana alone in 2014. This comprised 52% female- headed households. A total of 30,000 rural households were covered as compared to 9,852 in the year 2013 representing an increase of over 301%. Refer table 3a below  Ghana has supplied a cumulative total of 4.54 million doses to other West African countries; 3.84 million doses supplied to Niger and 700,000 doses supplied to the Gambia as at November 2014. A number of countries including Burkina Faso, Cote D’Ivoire have requested for 400,000 wet vaccine and 300 dried vaccine for trial purposes. Benin have also put in a request for the supply of the NDI-2 vaccines..  On ECOWAS protocol, relevant stakeholders in the importation, distribution and marketing of veterinary products have been identified comprising the following; The Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD), Food & Drugs Authority (FDA), Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) Veterinary Council of Ghana (VCG), Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA), and 11 Private sector importers.  It was observed that approximately 70% of all these stakeholders were not aware of the existence of the ECOWAS protocol on veterinary pharmaceuticals and biological.

Table 3a: Distribution, Administration and Beneficiary Households (Ghana) Number of Beneficiaries-2014 Number of Birds Region Women Men Total Vaccinated Greater Accra Region 1,191 1,014 2,205 37, 485 Upper East 1,795 2,380 4,175 121, 071 Upper West 329 514 843 12, 643 Northern 2,633 3,635 6,268 194, 287 Brong Ahafo 1,315 1,483 2,798 67, 152 Eastern 965 1,228 2,193 65, 780 Volta Region 4831 3952 8,783 237, 128 Others 2,024 1590 3,614 137, 331 Total 15,083 15,796 30,879 1,445,946 There are no reported numbers of birds vaccinated in the Western, Central and Ashanti regions, because the programme was recently introduced into these regions

Table 3b: Regional Cooperation: Distribution, Administration and Beneficiaries (Niger and Gambia) Quantity Number of Number of Beneficiaries as Region (Doses) Birds at 2014 Vaccinated Women Men Total The Gambia 23,462 10,051 33,513 3,840,000 156,314 Niger 7,697 6,297 13, 994 700,000 489,784 Total 31,159 16,348 47,507 4,540,000 646,098

1.3.3 Key Outcome

 The programme has covered approximately 30.0% of an estimated village poultry population of over 19 million birds in the country.  There have been marked reduction in mortality rate in beneficiary communities. The increased survival of birds vaccinated last year has brought some hope to farmers and they are embracing the vaccine now.  Women and children own the majority of village poultry and the survival of the birds would significantly ensure the economic empowerment of rural women.

1.3.4 Success stories  The vaccine has passed quality testing by the AU-PANVAC  Field veterinary personnel are seeing the effect of the vaccine in the field as the vaccinated birds survived the peak outbreak period of ND and are now encouraged to use it.  Farmers are now embracing the vaccine with the willing to administer it themselves which could help in ensuring a wider vaccination coverage.  There has been a significant (more than 301%) increase in the number of households covered with the vaccine.

1.3.5 Way forward  Increase the production and availability of a high quality NDI-2 vaccine for both local consumption and export  Enhance the mobility of veterinary field personnel to be more proactive in administering the vaccine  Conduct a Newcastle disease control impact assessment over the coming years.  Along side the vaccination monitoring; socio-economic impact studies of the control of ND will be conducted; to determine the increase of flock sizes of households, level of household income changes, and food and nutritional security of families.  The Veterinary Services targets vaccination coverage of over 65% by the end of the WAAPP project in 2017.

Fig 4a: Production of Vaccine and Launching of NDI-2 Vaccine @ Abokobi-GAR

Fig 4b : Demonstration of administration of NDI-2 vaccine Fig 4c: Guineal fowl keets in headpan ready to be vaccinated

1.4 National Variety Release and Registration Committee (NVRRC) and Climate Change The Directorate of Crops Services (DCS) has the oversight responsibility for Environment, Land and Water Management within the Food and Agriculture sector and also mandated to facilitate the implementation of harmonized procedures for the release and registration of crop varieties; catalogue all released and existing crop varieties and mainstream climate change adaptation strategies into WAAPP activities and ensure compliance. The Directorate as an implementing agency under the WAAPP has the responsibility for coordinating and implementing the following activities under the environment, land and water 19 management and procedures for the release and registration of crop varieties in collaboration with other stakeholders: These fall under component one which seeks to harmonize the procedures for technology generation, dissemination and adoption among ECOWAS member countries. The specific objectives include the following: . To implement harmonized procedures for the release and registration of crop varieties. . To produce a catalogue of all released and existing crop varieties. . To mainstream natural resource management and climate change adaptation into implementation of WAAPP activities and also ensure environmental compliance. . Harmonization of procedures for variety release and registration. . Cataloguing of available technologies (released improved crop genetic materials and characterized landraces). . Facilitate independent assessment of proposed varieties for release and registration through development of testing protocols (DUS/VCU) for various crops. . Facilitate environmental compliance and sustainability (including climate change) of programmed activities.

1.4.1 Key Activities Planned (NVRRC)  Organize meetings toward the development of Testing Protocols (DUS and VCU) for Pearl Millet and Tomato.  Organize meetings of the Technical and National Variety Release Committee  Organize meetings with research and breeders to update National Variety Catalogue/List  Organize meetings toward the development of Testing Protocols (DUS and VCU) for Cocoyam, Pepper, Onion, Soybean  Facilitate the publishing of the National Crop Variety Release Catalogue

1.4.2 Results: Outputs/Outcome

 Final drafts of DUS and VCU testing protocols on Pearl Millet and Tomato produced and validated. This will facilitate the release of Pearl Millet proposed for release by CSIR- SARI. The Technical team has also initiated actions to produce first draft for Cocoyam and Pepper testing protocols.  Two (2) meetings of the National Variety Release and Registration Committee were held in March and April, 2014. The Plants Breeders Bill (PBB) as against the threat posed by GMOs; the status of the Seed Industry and enhanced dissemination of released crop varieties among others were discussed. Recommendations for the way forward to PBB made to the presidency through the Ministry. It was made clear that the passage of the PBB will achieve the following among others:

- Stimulate the development of new varieties. This will give the country a better chance of recovering breeding costs and accumulate funds for further investment in crop improvement - Encourage conservation of genetic resources. - Encourage private sector investment in research - Encourage the flow of outstanding foreign-bred varieties into the country - Plant breeders can take advantage of germplasm exchange to breed better varieties for farmers - Develop the seed industry - Give farmers more choice over which varieties they wish to grow.

 Carried out field inspection of proposed breeder fields of pearl millet (5) and maize (1) to be released. Inspection of six (6) elite clones of cassava also conducted in Fumesua. All varieties are yet to be recommended for release after second inspection. 20

 106 crop varieties have been catalogued following the DUS and VCU protocols. A meeting will be organized to initiate the process of aligning the catalogue to that of the ECOWAS catalogue prior to a meeting with ECOWAS seed policy experts in the early part of 2015.  Plans are underway to print and distribute copies of 10 testing protocols developed since the inception of WAAPP.  DCS facilitated the official release of one (1) rice variety (AGRA Rice).

1.4.3 Success Story . DCS facilitated a Durbar and an Open day in Tamale to declare one rice variety (AGRA Rice) officially released

1.5 Climate Change (CC) Activities 1.5.1 Key Activities Planned The following activities were planned for the first half of the year:  Promote on-the-ground climate change adaptation actions within R & T cropping systems.  Organize sensitization workshops on mainstreaming CCA strategies into WAAPP and MOFA activities.  Facilitate actions towards the establishment of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) demonstration and learning sites in 4 districts (Tain, Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese, Ho West and Birim South).  Monitor progress of implementation of Environment, climate change and Natural Resource Management action plan at all levels.

1.5.2 Results: Outputs/Outcome  One meeting held with selected researchers from CSIR-SRI and CSIR-CRI and MOFA to identify locations and develop road map for Climate Change Adaptation (CCA).  Two sensitization and capacity building meetings held with 60 officers from selected districts and agricultural station to discuss modalities for effective integration of Climate Change into technology dissemination especially, planting material multiplication and demonstration.

 Road map agreed for establishment of CCA learning sites in 4 districts. All 4 districts visited, community planning session completed and fields established.  Discussions held with DADUs and farmers on the modalities for establishment and management of the CSA sites. Checklist yet to be completed. This will be used in next season’s multiplication and demonstration sites.  92 farmers sensitized and involved in the planning session and field establishment in all districts.

1.5.3 Lessons learnt  There is an in-depth knowledge on climate indicators among farmers  Farmers need support and motivation to initiate action on addressing Climate Change effects.

1.5.4 Success Story . Four communities in four different districts have been identified for the establishment of CSA learning sites. . Increased awareness of challenges posed by CC to agriculture and food security and the need for action from Research, MOFA staff and farmers

1.5.5 Challenges and Way Forward 21

. Inadequate personnel on climate change (CC) . Challenges of identification of appropriate entry points for CC mainstreaming by implementing partners . Little or no effort by implementing partners to account for CC and Natural Resource Management (NRM). . Farmers interest in new projects specifically the cocoa seed project under the auspices of Cocoa board as against WAAPP Multiplication activities . High cost of labour.

1.5.6 Way Forward . There is the need to sensitize/train more staff on Climate Change Adaptation strategies . CCA technologies to be integrated into demonstrations and planting material multiplication. . Animal Production Directorate (APD) to initiate action on improved pasture/fodder development as a major adaptation action with Environmental Safeguards, Climate change and Natural Resource Management (ECCNR) Action Plan . Monitoring of implementation of Environment and NRM action plan

Fig 5: Climate Smart Sensitization – Community Entry (Ho West)

1.6 Women in Agricultural Development Directorate (WIAD) WIAD has a mandate to promote nutrition, food safety, value addition to agricultural produce, as well as to integrate gender into programmes, projects and policies of MoFA. Under WAAPP, the focus of WIAD is on mainstreaming gender and social protection in all the programs of all the implementing agencies. The Directorate is also required to facilitate technology dissemination and adoption of value addition to WAAPP commodities and ensure food safety.

1.6.1 Key Activities Planned  Organize a two-day stakeholder’s workshop to mainstream Gender in the work plans of implementing partners.  Organize training on improved handling of fermented cassava dough (Agbelima) for three high cassava production regions.

1.6.2 Results: Outputs/Outcome  Focal persons for all the IAs have been established and their capacities built in gender mainstreaming and analysis. A review meeting subsequently held to integrate gender segregated data for beneficiaries of technologies.  So far, a total of 178 (57 male and 121 female) cassava processors, Assembly and MoFA Staff have been taken on exposure visits in Eastern, Central, Volta, Greater Accra and Brong Ahafo Regions. It is expected that income from the processing activities will provide increased access to food.  WIAD is collaborating with the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute (BNARI) of the Atomic Energy Commission on food trials (culinary) of the leaves of the yellow variety of cassava, which is currently undergoing field-testing at various locations. Cooking quality was good and a series of nationwide promotion activities will start next year.

Again, a kit to assess the pro-vitamin A level in the leaves will also be procured. This activity will be supported by the West Africa Agricultural Development Programme (WAAPP).  Preliminary work on cocoyams from the Crops Research Institute were tried for cooking quality and sensory evaluation conducted on some products such as the improved potage and moulded complete mash with a beef and fish base.  For purposes of planning and targeting, a database is being set up at the WIAD Directorate. This will comprise a list of processors and their enterprises etc. Existing data is being updated and new information will be collected. This is on course and the Consumption pattern of sweet potato in the Upper East Region is currently being collated. This is the result of a random assessment of 50 women in the Upper East Region. Initial results indicate various leafy green vegetables are cultivated and consumed in the Upper East Region and analysis is on-going.

Key Outcome  Processors trained in enriching their gari with soybean have recorded marked improvement in the quality of product in Ga South and are now producing Export-Grade gari. Efforts are underway to connect the group to markets, the School Feeding Programme and also an Exporter in the Ga Central Municipality.

Fig 5a: Renovated pressing Floor Fig 5b: Roasting Gari enriched with soybeans Fig 5c: Processors referring to a Chart on soy paste production 1.6.3 Way Forward/Recommendation  WIAD is collaborating with the municipal MoFA office and the assembly for possible support in terms of an expanded market for the Group in Ga South to have better returns

1.7 CSIR- Intellectual Property Right The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is the major Research and Development (R&D) organization within the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and the main advisory body for the Government of Ghana on R&D.

The CSIR is responsible for coordinating all research and development programmes under WAAPP 2A. These include some activities under Component 1 (Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and the WAAPP Website), Component 2 (National Centre of Specialization) and Component 3 (the Competitive Agricultural Research Grant Scheme, CARGS).

Objective: To establish an Intellectual Property Office (IPO) and implement IPR related Issues relating to CSIR

1.7.1 Key Activities Planned In 2014, the IPO undertook the following key activities aimed at meeting targets set under Component 3.1 on intellectual property:

 Organize sensitization seminars on IPR for all the 13 CSIR Institutes of the Council;

 Initiate the creation of databank of CSIR research technologies to enable the Intellectual Property Office secure and safeguard them under appropriate legislations;  Form and inaugurate Institutional IP sub-committees with clearly spelt out Terms of Reference for all 13 CSIR Research Institutes;  Develop modalities for registering released technologies (crop/plant varieties etc);  Participate in inaugural meetings of IP sub-committees in the southern sector of Ghana to discuss and obtain inputs to IP policy and equip IP sub-committees to obtain and present reports on various institute’s input to IP policy;  Provide all southern sector IP sub-committees with copyright and patent forms for registration of databases and technologies. 1.7.1.2 Results/Outputs

 Sensitization Seminars on issues relating to IPR held in all thirteen (13) CSIR Research Institutes in the various regions.  Thirteen (13) Institutional IP sub-committees inaugurated and statutory members in each institute comprising the Deputy Director as chair, Scientific Secretary, and three (3) Senior Members nominated by the Director.  Institutional IP sub-committees in southern sector institutes (CSIR-OPRI, PGRRI, INSTI, WRI, STEPRI, ARI and IIR) trained in basic IP concepts and IP policy  Institutional IP sub-committees in southern sector held IP policy forum with staff to obtain input of the institute to IP policy.  Institutional IP sub-committee in the process of identifying databases and or technologies that can be registered.  Further patent searches are being conducted on the 9 selected technologies with the help of scientists: - Mechanical Cassava Harvesting Technology, - Soil Geo-database, - Soil Map Digitization - Four (4) varieties of cassava, - three (3) varieties of cocoyam and - four (4) varieties of sweet potato

Challenges  Inadequate logistics for the IP Office.

1.8 CSIR WAAPP Website

The CSIR WAAPP Website is managed by a 14-member committee made up of representatives of all the Implementing Agencies under WAAPP 2A. The committee met quarterly to review and approve all submitted inputs prior to uploading at the portal. 1.8.1 Key Activities Planned  Upgrade, redesign and populate WAAPP Web-Site.  Organize committee meetings to screen relevant information from implementing agencies.  Facilitate Webmasters to operate efficiently.  Track the number of hits at WAAPP Ghana portal and feed into the results framework.

1.8.2 Results: Output/Outcome

 Six (6) Website Committee meetings were held and key events, reports etc. uploaded (reports, Investors’ fora and exhibitions, procedures for the release and registration of crop varieties, 24

action plan for mainstreaming climate change into WAAPP activities, sustaining healthy cassava planting materials and other information on WAAPP IA) are available on the WAAPP website.

 The WAAPP Website is functional and regularly updated.  List of all technologies developed under WAAPP 1A, videos and other relevant information could be assessed at the website.  The website is very active with an average of 500 hits per day.

1.8.3 Challenges  Late submission of inputs by Implementing Agencies (IAs) for up-loading onto the portal.  Lack of dedicated computers for the two Webmasters at the CSIR Head Office and the NCoS.

1.8.4 Recommendations  Procure two (2) dedicated computers for Web Masters at CSIR WAAPP and CSIR-CRI portals and cameras for website committee members to enable IAs capture useful information for the website.

1.9 Communication  During the year under review, five (5) video documentaries of WAAPP Ghana achievements in roots and tubers and the promotion of the Newcastle Vaccine (ND1-2) were telecasted on National Television. Also, eight (8) radio discussions were held for Implementing Agencies to air their achievements. WAAPP bulletin “WAAPP Ghana Focus” has been published and 500 copies of the bulletin have been printed and distributed to implementing agencies, research institutions, MoFA and other stakeholders along the agricultural value chain.  WAAPP also collaborated with the DAIN (Full Acronym) Network of Washington D.C. to organize an exhibition for over 300 youth in agribusiness. Two (2) exhibitions were held during the year to expose WAAPP technologies to stakeholders and the general public. From 2-4 May 2014, WAAPP Ghana participated in an Agribusiness Fair in Santiago, Cape Verde. WAAPP Ghana exhibited processed food products from root and tubers. A second exhibition was held at the Kofi Annan ICT Centre in Accra from 19-21 August 2014 for more than 300 youth during an Entrepreneurial Training Workshop in Agribusiness. The exhibition and training workshop was collaboration between WAAPP Ghana and the DAIN Network of Washington D.C., USA. Significant outcome of the exhibition was that more than 100 youth contacted project management to express interest in taking up some technologies in cassava and guinea fowl production as well as vegetable production.

COMPONENT 2: NATIONAL CENTER OF SPECIALIZATION (NCoS)

2.1 Introduction The CSIR-Crops Research Institute (CRI) as the NCoS has the mandate to generate (through the design and implementation of research activities) technologies directed at improving root and tuber crops production and productivity with a focus on high yielding, tolerance to pest and diseases, and high quality traits acceptable to consumers. The post-harvest department works towards technologies that add value by increasing shelf life and developing other food forms. In addition to the scaling up and dissemination of improved technologies, the NCoS seeks to produce, distribute and promote clean and healthy planting material as breeder seeds for primary and secondary seed growers and develop a sub-regional root and tuber research networking. These networks will ensure the integration of regional priorities in technology development. Progresses of research activities undertaken during January to December 2014 to generate and promote number and types of

25 technologies are presented in the following subsections under cassava, cocoyam, sweetpotato yam improvements, biotechnology, communication and capacity building. The successes achieved by the Center suggest that it should be able to become a Regional Center of Excellence in roots and tubers to serve the sub-region and beyond. It is thus envisaged that the NCoS will be upgraded to Regional Centre of Excellence (RCoE) by 2017. 2.2 Root & Tuber Programmes 2.2.1 Cassava Programme Cassava has now moved from being a poor man’s crop to a cash crop hence it is important to identify germplasm with high yields as well as attributes suited for industrial uses. Unfortunately, the cultivated cassava genome is constrained by low genetic diversity. The potential for genetic improvement through creation of diversity has been demonstrated for yield and other traits in cassava (Akinwale et al., 2010). In view of this, the project seeks to develop new varieties through genetic crosses. Including landraces and exotic varieties therefore in breeding schemes broaden the genetic base of breeding programme and improves chances of producing progenies that meet farmers’ needs. Specifically the extent of genetic diversity among parental lines will be determined and new varieties developed with end-user attributes. Elite cassava clones best suitable for specific adaptation as well as those that are stable across different environments will be identified.

The Cassava Programme, which consists of improvement and agronomy, has over the years focused its activities at improving and disseminating improved production technologies (improved varieties and good production practices) to farmers and other stakeholders for increased productivity. It has also provided support in the form of training and backstopping to MoFA Extension Agents and NGO’s involved in technology dissemination. In 2013, a number of activities were carried out with funding from WAAPP Ghana.

2.2.1.1 Key Activities Planned:

 Undertake participatory generation of adaptable integrated crop and weed management strategies to increase productivity and investigate linkages between spear grass and root rot disease in cassava roots.  Evaluate 17 previously released varieties for resistance/tolerance to cassava mosaic virus disease and other common cassava diseases under field conditions in disease hot spots and identify the different serotypes and/or strains of mosaic virus using lab assay.  Identify the virulent white fly biotypes responsible for the spread of the virus diseases in Cassava.  Collect different whitefly populations from three cassava-growing regions of Ghana (Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and Central) to determine what kind of whitefly is present, the type of begomovirus it carries, and the susceptibility of cassava varieties to infection.  Distribute healthy planting materials of released varieties from fields established in 2013 (Breeder, primary and secondary).  Develop new high yielding varieties that are tolerant to pest and diseases and with high quality traits that is acceptable to farmers.  Mitigate the outbreak and spread of common cassava diseases like the East African Cassava Mosaic Virus: identify the different serotypes and /or strains of mosaic virus and virulent white fly biotypes responsible for the spread of the virus diseases in Cassava.  On product development from cassava effluent; assess the environmental and beneficial effects of cassava processing effluents by determining the physical and chemical characteristics of fresh effluent and soil at gari processing sites;  Determine the physical and chemical characteristics of fermented effluent intermittently over a period; ascertain levels of effluent contamination on the environment; design a

protocol or process that minimize the negative effect on the environment and assess the potential use of the cassava effluent as herbicide and other use of benefits for human.  Carry out nationwide adoption and impact studies of Cassava technologies uptake pathways, adoption rates and impact of adoption on farm households’ food security and incomes in Ghana  To carry out informant surveys to ascertain the cassava technologies that have been disseminated so far  To carry out in-depth study to establish the use of the technologies and determine the effect of use of technologies on farmers’ incomes and food security.

2.2.1.2 Result: Output/outcome  A total of 6 integrated crop and weed management trials were established at Fumesua, Trominso and Nsuta Kwamang comprising 60 farmers (26 females and 34 males) involved in its establishment and treatment application. Treatments being evaluated on 2 different cassava varieties-Sika bankye and Doku duade include 2 different spacing (80cmX80cm & 100cmX100cm) subjected to 4 different weedicides (Terbulor, Butachlor, Lumax & Activus) applied at 2 growth stages (3-4 & 4-5 weeks after planting).

 For the spear grass studies, 2 trials were established at Tanoso and Subinso No.2; a total of 55 farmers were actively involved in its establishment, treatment imposition and management, comprising of 37 females and 18 males.

 The released varieties were evaluated for field resistance/tolerance to cassava mosaic, cassava bacterial blight and cassava anthracnose diseases, at three locations (Fumesua, Ejura and Ohawu). At Fumesua and Ejura, Abasa fitaa (4), Afisiafi (2.5) and Bankye botan(3.7) were susceptible to cassava mosaic disease (CMD) with high disease infection and severity scores above the acceptable levels of 2. These results are similar to what was observed in 2013 and PCR assay of the 2013 samples confirmed their high susceptibility levels. This is an indication that the mosaic resistance of Abasa fitaa, Bankye botan and Afisiafi (all improved varieties) seemed to have broken down and that their continuous dissemination to farmers/end users should be reviewed.

 Cassava anthracnose disease, which usually affects germination and field establishment of planting materials, Nyirikogba (at Ejura and Ohawu) and Otuhia, Abasa fitaa, Afisiafi (at Ohawu) were found to be susceptible. Slight infection of cassava bacterial blight was initially observed on a few varieties at Ohawu but they all recovered in the course of the season.

 The study revealed that in areas where only improved varieties were cultivated, mosaic infection was either absent or low indicating tolerance of most of the released improved varieties to mosaic infection. There is therefore the need to intensify our dissemination efforts in the use of farmer preferred improved varieties in the cassava growing areas in the Brong-Ahafo region to manage mosaic infection. In each region, cassava farms were selected with the aid of Geographical Positioning System (GPS) at a distance of not less than 20 km in order to give a good coverage.  70 landraces and 30 exotics have been established and phenotypic and molecular characterization is in progress. Some of these cultivars (40 landraces and 20 exotics) have been established as crossing blocks. So far, 1960 diallel (manual) crosses have been made and about 573 F1 seedlings advanced to Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) stage.

 Multi-location evaluation of elite cassava clones for food and industrial use are in the final stage for varietal release (5 each for food and industrial use). The Varietal Release Committee’s first inspection was conducted in August 2014; possible date of release will be August 2016. 27

 So far, 3 processing sites identified and established for sample collection- 1 in Ashanti region (Woraso) and 2 in the Eastern (Ehiamenkyene and Korkormu) refer figure 6.

 Effluents from 2 sites (Eastern Region) have been completed and laboratory analysis to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the fresh effluent and soils are on-going. Physical and chemical characteristics of the fermented effluent will be done at various stages of fermentation of the collected samples. Pictures of the processing sites, treatment application and sampling procedures done during the reporting period. The remaining 3 sites will be identified and treatment process established for sampling.

Fig 6: Shots from Cassava Effluent Development Sites

 Planting materials have been supplied to establish a total of 173-acre (69.2 ha) on- farm/multiplication fields across the country in collaboration with MoFA, private individuals and institutions. Refer table 4a below.

 New fields for multiplication of the four released varieties have been established, a total of 32.45 acres (12.98ha) have been established at 6 locations. Refer table 4b.

Table 4a: Distribution Of Cassava Planting Material-2014 Beneficiaries Quantity (acres) Variety supplied Location MoFA 15 Ampong South Dayi MoFA 5 Ampong/Sika Akatsi South MoFA 3 Ampong Central Tongu-Adidome MoFA 2 Ampong Akatsi Central MoFA station 20 Ampong/Sika Kpeve MoFA 65 Ampong/Sika Sene district MoFA 1 Sika South Tongu- Hlevi Community farm 2 Ampong South Tongu- Xantroli Community farm 2 Ampong South Tongu-Agorvaga Private farmer 8 Ampong/Sika Atwima district- Kona Private farmer 3 Ampong Kokofu Mensasi Private farmer 2 Ampong Tano buasi Private farmer 1 Ampong Aworowa Dr. Kingsley Osei (CRI) 4 Ampong/Sika Ejura (research activity) Mr. I.O. Ansah (CRI) 7 Ampong/Sika IAR4D activities Mr. Shadrach (CRI) 4 Ampong/Sika Research activities MoFA 5 Ampong Kumawu DONATA 2 Ampong/Sika Wenchi Municipal WAAPP Mali 10 Ampong/Sika/Otuhia/Broni WAAPP Mali EPA 10 Ampong/Sika EPA Volta region FORIG 2 Ampong Nsuta Kwaaman Total 173 acres (69.2 ha)

Table 4b: fields established for cassava multiplication-2014 Location and estimated area established for planting material multiplication Location Field size (acres) Varieties Fumesua 2 Sika, Broni & Otuhia Ejura 5 Sika, Ampong, Broni & Otuhia Aworowa 6.2 Ampong Ainyinase 2 Sika & Ampong Ohawu 17.25 Ampong, Sika, Broni & Otuhia Total 32.45 (12.98ha)

 Based on WAAPP cassava dissemination activities sites, six (6) regions and 10 districts were selected for the informant survey. They included Birim South and West Akim in the Eastern Region, Mfantseman Municipal and Gomoa East District of the Central Region, Bibiani/ Anhwiaso and Juaboso District in the Western Region, Wenchi municipal in the Brong Ahafo Region, Mampong Municipal of the Ashanti Region, South Dayi and Ketu North Districts of the Volta Region.

 Both farmers and extension agents are familiar with the older varieties. Some extension agents and farmers cannot readily identify the newer cassava varieties, which supposedly have better qualities.

 80% of the informants had difficulty mentioning the names of older varieties, especially IFAD, Bankyehemaa, Esambankye, Afisiafi and Tekbankye. The recently released varieties, Ampong, Sika, Broni and Otuhia are not well known to farmers and about 2% of extension staffs did not also know them.  Farmers in Brong Ahafo, Ashanti and Volta regions are more aware of the improved varieties than Western and Central regions. The contention was that the three regions were exposed more to RTIMP activities and had benefited from cassava processing centres. In the Juaboso District in the Western Region, though the awareness had been created about the improved varieties, farmers were not interested at all in growing the varieties. The district had no cassava-processing centre and farmers did not virtually know what to do with the cassava roots after harvesting.

 The perception that all the improved cassava varieties are not poundable still persists. 10% of extension staffs and 60% of farmers interviewed still believe all the improved varieties were not poundable. In Wenchi and Mampong districts, Ampong was perceived to be fibrous and woody. Formal surveys are yet to be carried out to establish some of the claims in 2015.

2.2.1.3 Challenges  Cassava mosaic diseases is currently endemic in most cassava growing areas

2.2.1.4 Way Forward Laboratory identification of the species of the geminivirus causing the mosaic disease in affected locations especially with the recent discovery of the East African cassava mosaic disease in the forest and forest transition zones in Ghana needs to be done.

2.2.2 Cocoyam Programme Cocoyam is an important crop in many parts of the world, mainly for smallholder farmers. The crop plays a major role in the lives of many as a food security crop. The mean annual production growth rate has declined by 3.4 % since 2005. Decline in productivity could be attributed to lack of improved varieties in the farming system. Broad activities planned to generate improved Cocoyam varieties include the development of new varieties with high yielding, tolerance to pest and diseases and have high quality traits that are acceptable to farmers. The development of new varieties requires the establishment of crossing blocks for genetic variability in Taro (Colocasia esculenta) development. In collaboration with the International Network of Edible Aroids (INEA) a crossing block of 14 local and 11 exotic Taro was established at Nobewam.

2.2.2.1 Key Activities Planned  Facilitate the development of new varieties with high yielding, tolerance to pest and diseases and have high quality traits that are acceptable to farmers.  Establish primary breeder multiplication plots at 5 locations  Determine the correct time of harvesting early maturing cocoyam  Determine optimal fertilizer and stand density for increased Taro productivity  Assess the effect of rotational of legumes on cocoyam yields.  Carry out integrated weed, pest and disease management for increased cocoyam productivity.  Carry out cocoyam value chain analysis  Determining optimal fertilizer rates for the 3 released cocoyam varieties  Determining correct harvesting periods for increased productivity of early maturing cocoyam varieties  Determining the optimal stand density within taro systems for effective weed control and increased yields  Determining optimal fertilizer rates for increased taro productivity  Rotational effect of legumes on cocoyam yields. 2.2.2.2 Key Result: Outputs/Outcome  5 primary Breeder multiplication fields were established at Fumesua, Begoro, Assin Foso, Kukuom and Ainyinase.  Yield from 2013 harvested breeder multiplication plots ranged from 1.8 mt/0.4ha to 2.7 mt/0.4ha. Plots were harvested at Assin –Foso, Kukuom, Fumesua and Begoro and distributed as shown on table 5 below.

Table 5: Number of cocoyam setts distributed

Crop/Commo Estimated Beneficiaries District/Institution setts Remarks dity Area (Ha) Male Female Total Multiplication/ Sunyani West(Nsoatre) MoFA Cocoyam 4,000 0.4 12 28 40 Demonstration field Ejisu-Juabeng Municipal Multiplication/ Cocoyam 2,000 0.2 10 15 25 (Fumesua) Demonstration field Assin North Municipal(Assin Multiplication/ Cocoyam 4,000 0.4 20 30 50 Foso) Demonstration field Sekyere Kumawu District Multiplication/ Cocoyam 4,000 0.4 (Kumawu) Demonstration field Ghana Legumes and Grains Multiplication/ Board(Kumasi Municipal Cocoyam 4,000 0.4 Demonstration field Assembly) Asesewa District Cocoyam 2,000 0.2 10 13 23 IP/ Multiplication (Nyankomase) 30

Fields held in 4 locations Demonstration of (kukuom, asesewa, assin fosu, new cocoyam 117 94 211 Aiyinasi varieties 20,000 2.0 ha 169 180 349

 One field was established at Nyankomase-Asesewa district to promote the dissemination of the 3 improved materials under the IAR4D concept.  Yields for the soil nutrient and correct time of harvesting early maturing cocoyam assessment trials established in 2013 were assessed and analysed. Over the study period, cormel yields generally increased with time for the white variety- Mayeyie. These increased from 6688kg/ha to 7955kg/ha from 8 months after planting to 14 months after planting. Soil nutrient amendments increased average cormel yields of Gye me di by 44% and 36% in Assin Fosu and Kukuom respectively. Cormel yields from Akyedi were generally low compared with Gye me di. New trials were then established for 2014 as follows:  Taro focused Participatory learning activities were held at Bipoah and Abrakaso in the Sekyere West Distict, Bekwai and Mankranso in the Amansie East and Ahafo Ano Districts respectfully.  In collaboration with the International Network of Edible Aroids (INEA), a crossing block of 14 local and 11 exotic Taro has been established at Nobewam.  Yields for the soil nutrient and correct time of harvesting early maturing cocoyam assessment trials established in 2013 were assessed and data is being analysed. New trials were then established for 2014.  Farmer Participatory development of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) cultivars in Ghana for the past year have released 3 varieties. To multiply and disseminate the 3 improved cultivars of cocoyam, the following key activities were undertaken:  A total of 7 fields, one (1) on station (Fumesua) and two (2) on-farms at Begoro, 3 at Bechem and 1 at Asesewa to determine the correct time of harvesting early maturing cocoyam were established.  A total of two (2) on-station and 20 on-farm verification trials on farmers’ fields have been established at Bekwai (Ahwiren and Bekwai communities) and Ahafo Ano South (Mankranso and Wiowso communities) to determine optimal fertilizer and stand density for increased Taro productivity. Of this number, 11 fields were established as the stand density trials while the other 11 were established for fertilizer determination.  Six (6) on-farm sites were established at Wioso; land preparation and soil sampling and planting of maize intercropped with groundnuts and cowpea done.  5 primary Breeder multiplication fields were established at Fumesua, Begoro, Assin Foso, Kukuom and Ainyinase.  In evaluating the effectiveness of herbicides use in control of weeds in cocoyam production, a total of 46 farmers were sensitized and an acre each of cocoyam field established at Kukuom and Kwaso. Furthermore, evaluating pest incidence on the 3 released varieties, visible signs of arthropod pest were assessed at Fumesua, Assin Kushea, Begoro and Kukuom. Data on range, incidence and severity of the pest and yield were also assessed. Millipedes and termites were the frequently observed pest but damage attributable to millipedes was the most obvious at all locations.  A total of 1.3ha of primary and 2 ha of secondary multiplication fields have been established for 2014.  A workshop on the rapid multiplication of healthy cocoyam was organized for about 100 MoFA staff.

 Value Chain studies were carried out in the Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, Eastern and Western based on total production volume and marketing comprising input suppliers, producers, processors, marketers, exporters and consumer.  Two (2) factsheets on cocoyam planting material multiplication and production were validated involving 100 MoFA staff.  On Farm evaluation of improved varieties of Taro. Following the successful PLA activities carried out at Bipoah and Abrakaso, 21 farmers from the two communities were engaged in the testing of five promising improved varieties of taro obtained from the Southern Pacific Communities under the International Network of Edible Aroids (INEA) project. Each farmer established the 5 accessions and a local check. For easy identification by farmers each variety was given a colour code: BL/SM 151 – Green, BL/SM 16 –Yellow, BL/SM 115 – Red, CE/IND 12 – Brown, BL/SM 158 – Blue and Local – White.  4 Field days were held at Kukuom, Assin Foso, Aiyinase, Begoro and Nyankomase-Asesewa at the Peak Vegetative Phase of the cocoyam plants. At each location, farmers were introduced to the 3 improved varieties of cocoyam (Mayeyie, Gye Me Di and Akyede), their potential yields, attributes and potential uses. The economic benefits of cultivating the improved varieties as against the local were highlighted. Farmers were introduced to some agronomic practices such as row planting and fertilizer application, proper harvesting regime of cocoyam leaves to ensure higher yields of cormels, diseases identification and control measures. A total of 211 farmers participated in the various field days Table 6 presents the distribution per location and gender.

 A propagation chamber to facilitate rapid multiplication of cocoyam plantlets has been constructed at Fumesua. On full operation the chamber is capable of generating about 2,400 cocoyam plantlets in four weeks. This will enhance quick dissemination of cocoyam plantlets to farmers.

Table 6: Cocoyam Agronomic Demonstrations / Verification Trials on Farmers Fields Est. Area Activity (For all key activities) Beneficiaries Remarks (Ha/No.) No of Both trials were 1 Soil nutrient trials & Time of Youth % Male Female Total established at the harvest – cocoyam productivity (up to Youth same area 35yrs) Bechem-Ohia 1200 M2 15 6 21 10 47 Bechem- Breme 1200 M2 12 6 18 6 33 Field abandoned by Begoro- Asarekwao 1200 M2 20 8 28 - - beneficiaries Late planting & poor Begoro-Kyerepon 1200 M2 11 4 15 - - establishment Manya Krobo-Asesewa 1200 M2 16 8 24 10 42 3- Correct soil nutrient for taro productivity Bekwai/Ahwiren 2500 M2 6 4 10 1 10 Mankranso/Wioso 2500 M2 7 3 10 3 30 4- Stand density for taro productivity Bekwai/Ahwiren 2500 M2 6 4 10 1 10 Mankranso /Wioso 2500 M2 8 2 10 2 20 Total 101 45 146 33 27.4

Fig 7: Symptoms of millipede infestation on cocoyam (Xanthosoma sp.) cormels

2.2.2.3 Success stories The Cocoyam value chain map with its technical structure (Input supply, production, processing, marketing and consumption) has been determined and documented. 2.2.2.4 Way Forward/Recommendations  Plans are underway to bring in cocoyam (taro) accessions from Nigeria to widen the genetic base  Boost the cocoyam industry through formal supply of cocoyam seed due to huge demand for quality seed in production areas.

Fig8a TTL interacting with a Woman Farmer at a Cocoyam Planting Fig8b NCoS coordinator interacting with farmers –Bekwai, Ashanti Materials Multiplication Farm-Nsotre, BA

2.2.2.4 Cocoyam value chain analysis The overall goal of this study is to evaluate the functionalities within the cocoyam value chain in Ghana.

2.2.2.4.1 Key Results  Based on the total production volume and marketing, Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, Eastern and Western regions were purposively selected as study area.  The production of cocoyam is at the primary level where production remains mainly subsistence but gaining importance as a non-traditional export crop.  Farm sizes are small varying from 0.2 ha to 0.5 ha. Improved cocoyam planting materials are not yet available to most farmers.  Cocoyam productivity remains low, with yields averaging 6tons/ha and lower in farmers fields. 30% of the cocoyam produced is utilised as food by the producers and the rest of the 70% are sold for cash incomes..

 Cocoyam marketing is done all year and prices range between ₵360-₵420 per tonne during the peak period and ₵420-₵540 during the planting season.

 There is emerging niche export markets being developed by the private sector, where cocoyam cormels and leaves are being sent to the United Kingdom. There is a great potential for export to other European countries and the United States of America.

 Cocoyam processing in Ghana is still at the primary stage. Cocoyam is processed mainly on small scale in the homes and by the road side. The crop is either boiled and eaten as ampesi , boiled and pounded as fufu, boiled and mashed as eto, roasted and mashed as eto, or fried in oil as chips. Cocoyam leaves are one of the main green leafy vegetables eaten in Ghana.

2.2.2.4.2 Success stories  The Cocoyam value chain map with its technical structure (Input supply, production, processing, marketing and consumption) have been determined and documented. The state and functions of actors within the value chain have also been tracked and documented.

2.2.2.4.3 Way Forward  At production level, the untapped opportunities exist to commercialize cocoyam seed: potential to adoption of improved cocoyam technologies, improved storage practices; and capacity to increase area and productivity.  To increase yields per hectare, high yielding improved technologies, particularly new varieties need to be introduced into the farming system.  At the processing levels there are opportunities to; diversify the current cocoyam products; and increase the consumer base to create employment for women and poor. Similarly at marketing level, there is opportunity to enter new foreign markets for employment creation and foreign exchange earnings.

2.2.2.5 Identification of problems and constraints to taro production, marketing and consumption in Ghana

Limited attention has been given to Taro research and production in Ghana over the years and this has contributed to its near extinct production in recent years. Base information on socio-economic implications of taro production, processing and consumption in Ghana is necessary to revamp the industry. This study has an overall goal of analysing the taro industry- production, processing, marketing and consumption, to inform policy interventions. This initial survey was to qualitatively identify problems and constraints to taro production, processing, marketing and consumption in Ghana.

2.2.2.5.1 Key Results  The study plans to cover the following areas which use to be high producers and marketers of taro: Ahafo Ano South, Sekyere South and Bekwai Municipal of the Ashanti region, Asutifi North and South districts of the Brong Ahafo region, Jomoro, Ellembelle and Wassa Amenfi districts of the Western Region, Agona West municipal of the Central region, Fanteakwa and Akwapim South of the Eastern Region, South Dayi and Kejebi of the Volta region. So far, only the Ashanti Region has been visited.  Few farmers currently carry out taro production. Out of the ninety six (96) farmers, only 5 produce taro on an average land size of 0.25 acres. The decline in taro production is very drastic as marketers, processors and consumers barely have access to them. Farmers still use local varieties. In all the areas visited farmers identified two to three varieties of taro for production, the white taro, the purple taro and the ‘Asante kooko’. The purple taro is preferred to the others.  No export market for taro existed in the study area.  Constraints to production are as follows: Diseases, declining soil fertility, scarcity of planting materials, continuous use of local varieties, high cost of labour, competition on land due to mining activities and rice production, lack of credit, drying up of inland valleys due to climate change.  Constraints to marketing include low prices during peak periods, high cost of transportation, and short shelf life of taro. Constraints to processing and consumption are scarcity of taro, lack of processing

facilities, and lack of research into new products. Surveys are yet to be conducted in Western, Central, Brong Ahafo, Eastern and Volta regions in 2015.

2.2.3 Sweetpotato Programme 2.2.3.1 Sweet Potato Improvement The development of new varieties of crops demands a strict adherence to the preferences of consumers and users of these technologies to stimulate high adoption rate. The new varieties should be stable, high yielding, disease and pest tolerant as well as processor and consumer preferred. The Sweetpotato breeding programme targets economic and desired traits which include pests and diseases resistance, high dry matter, beta-carotene, starch, minerals and vitamins contents, low to high sugar and fibre content etc. The programme seeks to introgress these desired traits through hybridization of identified superior clones as parents to create genetic variations. The newly created clones are evaluated and superior candidates are selected based on their ecological adaptability and preferences of our targeted clientele. The programme facilitates the operation of a reliable seed system to ensure sustainable production and productivity of released varieties through the provision of clean and healthy breeder planting materials. Promotion of varieties through demonstrations and farmer forums is also undertaken to enhance adoption of the crop.

2.2.3.1.1 Key activities undertaken (broad activities):  Hybridization of superior parental clones(varieties) in the Crossing Block  Establish observational / Seedling Trials at Fumesua station  Establish multi-locational preliminary yield trials across coastal, forest-transitional and Guinea Savannah agro-ecologies  Establish Multi-locational Advanced Yield Trials in the Coastal, Forest-Transitional and Guinea Savannah agro-ecologies  Variety development through Adaptive evaluation  Production and distribution of clean and healthy Planting materials  Promotion of Released Sweetpotato Varieties

2.2.3.1.2 Results output/outcome  Hybridization of superior parental clones (varieties) in the Crossing Block: The programme has conducted over 3000 controlled crosses using seventeen parents. Currently, 606 controlled and over 5,000 open-pollinated seeds have been collected and stored.

 Establishment of Observational / Seedling Trials at Fumesua station The programme has generated over ten thousand seedlings from the previous year’s seed stock. These are being prepared for field establishment.

 Establishment of Multi-locational Preliminary Yield Trials (PYT) across Coastal, Forest- Transitional and Guinea Savannah agro-ecologies 4 PYT trials were established across the three agro-ecologies at Fumesua, Komenda, Ohawu and Tono. Agronomic and harvest data have been collected over the monitoring period for the season. Data entry is on-going prior to analysis.

 Establishment of Multi-locational Advanced Yield Trials in the Coastal, Forest-Transitional and Guinea Savannah agro-ecologies. The establishment of trials across the six selected locations was successfully achieved. Monitoring and collection of data was conducted until harvesting. The harvesting of these trials was done at four and five months after planting. This was to determine the full yield potential and exact maturity period for these advanced clones in the changing environmental conditions. The conventional fourth month harvest after planting were recording pencil-roots for some clones but bulked further when left for another month. Data entry is on-going prior to analysis.

 Variety Development through Adaptive evaluation All planned trials were successfully established in the six selected locations. Monitoring and collection of data was done until harvesting. As mentioned for the advanced trials, harvesting was done at 4MAP and 5MAP. Data entry is on-going prior to analysis.

 Production and distribution of clean and healthy planting materials Major clients were supplied with clean and healthy planting materials. More than twenty-five thousand (25,000) breeder vine cuttings were supplied to various stakeholders  Promotion of Released Sweetpotato Varieties Demonstration fields were established at Konko, Aseja new camp, Asesewa, Ejisu, and Ganyokorpe to expose farmers to the improved sweetpotato varieties that have been released by CSIR-CRI.

2.2.3.1.3 Way Forward/Recommendations  It is being suggested that request for breeder-planting materials should be in advance notice preferably before end of December of the preceding year. Delayed requests lead to losses of vigorous planting materials due to over-aging.

 The preliminary observation from the multi-locational experimental trials at the advanced and varietal testing levels shows some potential clones that will be tested on-farm and on-station for varietal release proposition in 2016.

2.2.3.2 Effects of compost beds from grain legume residues on Sweet Potato yields  Conduct a study to determine the effects of compost beds on yield of sweet potato; low soil fertility limits sweet potato yield in Ghana. Farmers in Papua New Guinea have for centuries used compost mounds to maintain soil fertility and sustain sweet potato yields. Compost mound is a mound with about 3kg of dry weed residues in-cooperated. In Ghana, compost mounds are used by some farmers in cocoa growing areas in Brong Ahafo to grow yams (personal observation).

2.2.3.2 .1Result; Output/Outcome  Two trials were established at Ejura and Amanten. The study revealed that the crop could reduce weeds in maize if intercropped together as shown on figure... There is therefore the need to further evaluate the most appropriate mode of intercropping the two crops.

Figure 9:Maize and sweetpotato growing together - Amanten

2.2.3.3 Development of Adaptable Integrated Weed Management Technologies for Sweet Potato Production  Evaluate the effectiveness and profitability of chemical and a combination of chemical and physical methods of weed management in sweet potato production. Sweet potato has a vining growth habit. Mechnical weed control can be done only during the first 4 to 6 week after planting without mechanical injury to the crop. Weeds compete with sweet potato, severely reducing yields and causing problems

during harvesting. Controling weeds with herbicides has become necessary because farm labour has become limited and expensive.

2.2.3.3.1 Activities Undertaken  Key activities undertaken are the sensitization of sweet potato farmers’ association members on the project and site selected at Jukwa in the Central Region and Anfoega in the Volta Region.  An area of 0.2 ha each was established with sweet potato at the 2 locations where farmers were sensitized.  The following 8 herbicides were being evaluated for their efficacy: Activus 500 EC (pre-emergence), Lumax (pre-emergence), Terbulor 500 EC (pre-emergence), Butaplus 50% EC (pre and early post- emergence), Basagran 480 SL (post-emergence), Vezir (pre-emergence), Agil 100 EC (post-emergence) and Atrazila 80 WP (pre and early post-emergence).

2.2.3.3.2 Result; Output/Outcome  Predominant weeds at both locations were Chromolaena odorata, Commelina benghalensis, Euphobia heterophylla, Euphobia hirta, Syndrella nodiflora and Cyperus rotundus.  There were no chemical injuries to the crop and differences in crop growth and yield. Herbicide effectiveness was good after the first 4 to 8 weeks after planting. Statistical analyses on the herbicide effectiveness and profitability would be done.

2.2.3.3.2 Challenges:  Farmers have preference for cream skinned sweet potato varieties and not the red skin variety – Okumkom used in the trials. In addition Sweet potato leaf is also eaten and the use of herbicides in the control of weeds poses as threat to farmers and consumers.

2.2.3.3.3 Recommendation  Herbicide residual effects in root and leaf needs to be examined.

2.2.3.4: Management of sweetpotato tuber weevil infestation Evaluates the effect of mulching and type of mulching on infestation and damage of sweetpotato by the weevil Cylas species. Specifically it investigates the influence of mulching and the mulching material used on infestation and tuber damage by the weevil. It is expected that an ecologically sustainable management strategy for the control of sweetpotato tuber weevil will be developed.

Key activities undertaken include the establishment of 2 trials at Ejura and kwadaso under different mulching materials - sawdust, black polythene/plastic sheets and rice husk.

2.2.3.4.1 Result: Output/Outcome Data collection and observations in the field indicates the following:  Good vine establishment and the plastic mulch presents material less prone to harsh weather like a strong wind and attacks from weevil infestation.  populations of the weevils were higher in Kwadaso than at Ejura. Even though yields were higher in Kwadaso probably as a result of higher rainfall, tuber quality was generally better in Ejura due to lower weevil infestation and damage.  Also poly-sheet mulch produced cleaner tubers but yields were poorer where rainfall was low and the plants suffered moisture stress.  Tubers from under saw dust mulch suffered more rots; probably due to the transfer of wood borne pathogens to the bulking roots. The full impacts of the treatments in the experiment will be available after the detailed analysis of the data.

2.2.3.5 Managing nematode pest infection in sweet potato production Conduct a study to determine the nematicidal potential of some local organic materials in managing nematode pest of sweet potato at three agro ecologies.

2.2.3.5.1 Key Activities Undertaken  Three 0.5 ha fields of sweetpotato have been established at Kintampo, Atebubu and Wenchi.  Pre-planting soil sampling from the field sites for nematodes extractions have been done and identification of extracted nematodes in progress.  Collection, packaging and application of organic materials was done and so far nematodes taxa from various locations have been identified and application rates and regimes of organic materials determined.  Protocol for preparation and application of organic substances developed. Screening of the organic materials assembled would continue until a desirable candidate is identified.

2.2.3.5.2 Result; Output/Outcome  Organic materials; poultry manure and neem leaves have been identified as promising candidates for the management of nematodes in sweet potato production.  Application of poultry manure and neem leaves at rates of 100g and 30g per plant respectively was the optimum rate for managing nematode pests. These treatments were able to reduce the nematodes population significantly.  The economic nematodes identified in the various locations in order of abundance were Meloidogyne spp, Pratylenchus spp and Helicotylenchus spp. And their population were reduced by 62.5% to 89%, with yield increases of 28.0% when sweet potato was planted with poultry manure.

2.2.3.6 Sweetpotato socioeconomics: Sweet Potato Value chain  Conduct sweetpotato value chain analysis and the adoption studies of the 4 CSIR-CRI released improved sweetpotato varieties.

2.2.3.6.1 Result; Output/Outcome  A final draft report on sweet potato value chain has been produced presenting data or information from four regions representing areas of high production and consumption of sweetpotato in Ghana.  A total of 236 respondents were interviewed representing 59 respondents per region. The sample captured 35 percent females and 70 percent youth.  53.8% are aware of improved Sweetpotato variety; 15% are growing improved varieties;  processing is at the basic level - frying and boiling and there are no deliberate policies for sweetpotato value chain improvement. There were however inadequate funds to cover the whole of Ghana.

2.2.3.7 Addressing Postharvest Issues of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) for Enhanced Domestic and Industrial Utilization 2.2.3.7 .1 Key activities Undertaken;  optimize curing and storage conditions for increased shelf-life of the improved sweetpotato varieties;  screen germplasm for nutritional composition and unique functional properties and  develop and promote sweetpotato product for increased utilization of highly nutritious varieties. Storage studies were set up on-station, using 6 improved varieties which are placed in 2 environments- tubers in plastic bowls or wrapped in polypropylene bags and kept in barns.  screen for nutritional and unique functional properties; staggered harvesting of tubers to prepare samples for laboratory analysis was done.  NIRS analysis was conducted for protein, sugars, starch and selected minerals of the samples prepared.

2.2.3.7 .2 Result; Output/Outcome  A utilization Handbook have been developed for sweetpotato recipes, ready to go for publication. Comparative storage efficiencies of selected varieties were established and effect of crop maturity on nutritional composition of six (6) released varieties has also been determined. The six varieties studied are Okumkom, Faara, Ligri, Apomuden, Hi starch and Bohye in both storage environments, Apomuden lost more weight than the others with time under storage.

2.2.3.8 Developing Virus-free Sweetpotato planting materials and maintenance of virus- free clones in the screenhouse 38

 Production of Virus-free Sweet potato planting material is a basic requirement for the improvement of sweetpotato productivity in Ghana. Sweetpotato is susceptible to several viruses, including Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweetpotato mild mottle virus (SPMMV), Sweetpotato latent virus (SPLV), Sweetpotato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV), Sweetpotato mild speckling virus (SPMSV), Sweetpotato C-6 virus, Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), Sweetpotato collusive virus (SPCV), Sweetpotato virus G (SPVG) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) which either acting alone or in synergistic relationships can reduce yield output significantly. In addressing this and also provide farmers with virus-free planting materials (seed) in adequate quantities all year round this program specifically developed an aappropriate indexing techniques for sweetpotato viruses in making Virus-free Sweetpotato planting material available to farmers/stakeholders.

2.2.3.8.1 Key Activities Undertaken:  Indexing using NCM ELISA to detect Sweetpotato viruses at the Virology Laboratory; and collection of viral infected Sweetpotato varieties namely Sauti, Hi-starch, Bohye, Apomuden and other landraces were collected from 6 regions that is, Ashanti, Volta, Central, Eastern, Upper East and Greater Accra regions. These samples were later grafted onto Ipomoea setosa to detect types of virus found in them.

 Similarly, orders were made for the importation of nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) ELISA reagents and 10 sweetpotato viral antibodies corresponding to the viruses listed above from the International Centre for Potato research (CIP) in Peru for the detection of their corresponding viruses in the samples collected.

2.2.3.8.2 Result; Output/Outcome  Over 80 sweetpotato germplasm were virus indexed against 10 common viruses. Four varieties of sweetpotato; Bohye, Dadanue, Ligri and Apomuden were certified virus-free after undergoing tissue culture processes. These virus-cleaned materials are being maintained in the screen house together with the 40 viral infected specimen collected from 6 regions in Ghana. They have been grafted onto I. setosa plants in the screen house for further evaluation.

Table 7:.Establishment of Multi-locational Advanced Yield Trials in the Coastal, Forest-Transitional and Guinea Savannah agro-ecologies: Crop/Commo No. of Estimated Area District/Institution Remarks dity Bundles/setts/cuttings (Ha/covered) For further multiplication MOFA(Navrongo) Sweetpotato 6,500 0.2 and distribution 3 sweetpotato So far 3 out of the 6 Demonstration fields 1,300 0.01 fields locations established Collaborating sweetpotato For establishing research 3,500 0.1 Researchers fields trials 11,300 0.31

Table 8: Sweetpotato integrated weed management Estimated No of Youth

Demonstration Area/Qty Beneficiaries (up to % Youth (Ha/No.) 35yrs) Male Female Total Jukwa (CR) 0.2 Ha 7 10 17 2 12 Anfoega (VR) 0.2 Ha 10 11 21 4 18 0.4ha 17 21 38 6 30

2.2.3.8.3 Way Forward/Recommendations

Request for breeder planting materials should be in advance notice preferably before end of December of the preceding year. Delayed requests lead to losses of vigorous planting materials due to over-aging.

2.2.4 Yam Improvement and Seed Systems Ghana is the leading exporter of yams in the world. Tuber size and variety are key criteria for premium price on the export market. Premium price for Pona is obtained from a 20 kg box of yam with 10-12 tubers and in extreme cases 14 tubers; with corresponding average tuber sizes ranging between 1.4 -2kg. A 25 kg box of other white yam varieties should contain 14 -16 tubers (1.8 and 1.6 kg/tuber), mostly within the medium class.

2.2.4.1 Yam Improvement and Seed Systems 2.2.4.1.1 Key Activities undertaken: develop and disseminate effective and efficient seed multiplication techniques.  promoting a robust, cost effective, rapid propagation technology for high multiplication ratio of breeder and foundation seed yam.  dissemination of yam vine technology by identifying potential seed yam growers and setting up yam vine technologies in various locations and then train them. The conventional means of multiplying yam (1:4-6) is low compared with the minisett technique, which yields 1:40. This is far below cereals and makes the expansion and dissemination of new varieties very slow and difficult. It is therefore imperative to identify and adapt a novel technique of multiplication- vine technique that raises the ratio to about 1:260.

2.2.4.1.2 Results: Output/Outcome  6 acres (1 acre each) of yam fields have been established at Ejura, Brahoho, Dromankese, Baniantwe, Nyomoase and Fumesua, awaiting full canopy formation to commence training of AEAs and seed growers. About 12,400 setts were planted at each location.

Table 9: Distribution of Yam setts for planting - 2014 No. of Estimated District/Institution Beneficiaries setts Area (Ha) Male Female Total Fumesua 5000 Ejura 1650 0.41 23 10 33 Nyomoase 1500 0.41 22 8 30 Dromankese 1300 0.41 20 6 26 Baniantwe 1600 0.41 25 7 32 Brahoho 1350 0.4 20 7 27 Total 12,400 2.04 110 38 148

 About 3,000 setts were planted at each location and these areas will serve as a training unit. Twenty Agricultural Station Managers have so far been trained in seed yam production using vine techniques. Distribution of planting materials as sett and beneficiaries are presented in Table 9.  Twenty Agricultural Station Managers and 70 seed growers have so far been trained in seed yam production using vine techniques. Out of the 70 trained, 20 have been able to establish their own seed fields from the vine technology.

Table 10: Beneficiary Tracking Format-yam improvement Activity (For all key Estimated No of Beneficiaries activities) Area/Qty Youth %

(Demos, FFF, Training/ (Ha/No.) (up to Youth workshop, open days, field 35yrs) visit, study trip etc, Experimental plots etc.) Male Female Total Training 135 41 176 45 25.6 Field visit 135 41 176 45 25.6 Experiment Plot 6 acres 140 43 183 47 25.7 Total 410 125 535 137 76.9

2.2.4.2 Developing crop and soil management options for high productivity in yam production:

 Conduct a study to evaluate the effect of planting density on the growth, yields and tuber sizes of Dente and Pona;  evaluate the effect of seedbed option and fertilizer levels on the growth and yields of yam on a continuously cropped farmers field;  evaluate the effect of seedbed and staking options on performance of yam on newly cleared farmers’ fields.  develop an optimal crop management strategies that will yield tuber sizes and shapes that meet the demands of the yam export market. In addition, tuber chemical residue level of zero is required.

2.2.4.2 .1 Result: Output/Outcome

 2 Yam Varieties (Dente and Pona) were established with sett sizes (350g and 175g) and 5 Planting Density (1.2m x 1.2m; 1m x1.2m; 0.8m x 1.2m; 0.6m x 1.2m; 0.4m x 1.2m) at Fumesua and Ejura in the forest and Forest-savannah transition zones of Ghana respectively.

2.2.4.3 Staking and seedbed study:  A farmer managed on-farm verification and demonstration on typical newly cleared farmers’ fields normally used for yam production were used for the study.

2.2.4.3.1 Result: Output/Outcome

 Trials established on 4 farmer’s (2 men, 2 women) fields, with each farmer as a replication. The factors were Staking options (horizontal and farmers’ staking) and Seedbed options (mound and mechanized/manual ridge). The locations were Sampa, Densi and Premukyeae farming communities. Planting was done in these communities from 15th – 20th May 2014.

 For the staking options study in 2013, yield generally ranged from 4mt/ha to 25.9 mt/ha for all types of yam varieties established. Yields from the water yam varieties are generally higher than white yams. No differences were established between horizontal and vertical staking; however the different staking options significantly influenced different varieties of yam.

 The percent reduction in yield compared to the vertical (normal) staking is higher for non staking (3.14 – 53.5%) as compared to 0.3 – 37% for trellis. The impact of staking on yield is dependent on yam varietal type.

2.2.4.4 Value Chain Studies

Conduct yam value chain study to Identify and develop a market map for the yam and develop sub chains like the market channel, market network, support services, analysing the technical structure of the chain and undertaking a quantitative functional analysis of the chain.

2.2.4.4 .1 Results: Output/Outcome  The study identified weak linkages among the various actors of the chain.  Adwedefo Adanfo, a financial institution in Techiman in its attempt to support agriculture have develop loan product with an insurance component to mitigate risk of crop failure; while the district assembly is considering using part of its internally generated funds to support Agriculture.  Level of awareness of improved varieties was recorded (14.6%).  Majority of farmers sold their produce at the district (21.05%, 21.62% and 38.46% of respondents patronized the district markets for sale immediately after harvest, 3 months after harvest and just before planting respectively).  poor road network was identified as a major constraint to marketing for producers, with a mean ranking of 3.40, making it a severe constraint using a 5-point likert-type severity scale.

2.2.4.5 Evaluation of yam varieties for parasitic nematodes resistance

 Conduct a study to identify nematode resistance genes among yam varieties. The economically important plant parasitic nematodes are the yam nematode (Scutellonema bradys), the root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus coffeae) and the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita).

2.2.4.5.1 Result: Output/Outcome

 0.5 ha yam fields each was established at three locations: Kintampo, Atebubu and Wenchi. Pre- planting soils were sampled from all locations and nematodes extractions from soil samples were identified.  The nematodes taxa from the various locations was also identified. The screening exercise would continue until a desirable candidate is determined. 2.2.4.6 Integrated Pest Management in Yam production – yam tuber beetle and millipede infestation In developing sustainable integrated pest management strategies for control of yam tuber beetle and millipedes damage; two broad activities were undertaken - (1) to investigate the impact of mulching, staking, weed pressure and time of harvest on infestation and damage to white yam (var. Pona) by the tuber beetle and (2) Investigate the impact of yam type and staking on infestation and damage by millipedes. The studies in determine the appropriate or best practice that reduces tuber beetle infestation, evaluates the effects of different cultivation practices on the tuber build up of infestation due to the tuber beetles. It will also assess the impact and preference for yam types by millipedes and identify the millipede types in different locations for further studies. Three fields were established at Subinso and Kwadaso for the millipedes study and Banda Nkwanta for the tuber beetle study and regularly maintenance and data variables to aide evaluation collected.

Investigate the impact of mulching, staking, weed pressure and time of harvest on infestation and damage to white yam (var. Pona) by the tuber beetle. 2.2.4.6.1 Result: Output/Outcome

So far variables evaluated show that mulching and staking are not critical factors in the infestation of yams by tuber beetle. Pona, as expected, appeared to have suffered more damage from millipedes, termites and nematodes than water and yellow yams. Also the impact of termites at Banda Nkwanta and nematodes at Subinso appear to supersede the damage caused by tuber beetles and millipedes in the two locations respectively. Treatment effects will be established after the detailed analysis of the data is done.

2.2.4.7 Investigate the impact of yam type and staking on infestation and damage by millipedes. Determine the appropriate or best practice that reduces tuber beetle infestation and evaluate the effects of different cultivation practices on the tuber buildup of infestation due to the tuber beetles. It will also assess the impact and preference for yam types by millipedes and identify the millipede types in different locations for further studies.

2.2.4.7.1 Result: Output/Outcome

 Three fields have so far been established at Subinso and Kwadaso for the millipedes study and Banda Nkwanta for the tuber beetle study. Field maintenance and data collection is in progress.

2.2.4.8 Development of appropriate yam minisett cutter

It has been established the normal mode of cutting the minisett is laborious. The main objective of this research was to develop a mechanical yam minisett cutting equipment for adoption by yam farmers. Specifically, the research sought to design and construct a yam minisett cutting equipment; technically evaluate its performance and make necessary modifications to the constructed yam minisett cutting equipment before recommendation to farmers.  Develop (design and construct) a mechanical yam minisett cutting equipment for adoption by yam farmers.  Technically evaluate its performance and make necessary modifications to the constructed yam minisett cutting equipment before it is recommendated to farmers.

2.2.4.8.1 Result: Output/Outcome

 About 67% of the farmers had been trained on this technique by the Ministry of Agriculture (MoFA) extension agents through root and tuber projects in the catchment districts.  Famers demonstrated the use of their suggested equipment during the section on design of equipment for cutting the minisetts. After thorough discussion with farmers on their designs, the proposed designs were presented and discussed. Farmers presented their views and comments on the researcher’s design to be incorporated into the final design of the equipment before fabrication; - a single implement to facilitate ease of transportation instead of the proposed equipment - one doing the transverse cutting and the other one cutting the yam setts into the required minisetts. - portable equipment with a self- propelled engine.

2.2.4.9 Postharvest Quality Management Technologies for Increased Income and Food Security for Yam (Dioscorea spp.)  Screen yam (Dioscorea sp.) varieties for unique processing qualities and reducing postharvest losses in yams (Dioscorea sp.) by improving storability and diversifying utilization options. (functional properties of yam starch, grits and flour will be evaluated for differences among varieties and selected species and new product concepts from yam will also be developed and refined to minimize gluts and/or postharvest losses.)

2.2.4.9.1 Key Result: Outputs/Outcome

 Starches were extracted from four (4) yam varieties for further analysis. Multi-purpose water yam flour and 6 products from water yam (Dioscorea alata) were developed and exhibited at an exhibition at the KNUST, Kumasi. Refer figure 10 

 Fig 10: Drying of grated yam for milling and flour product 2.2.4.10: Variety Development: This activity has a specific objective of developing high and stable yielding yam varieties. Key activities undertaken include; germplasm collection, establishment and characterisation and evaluation of germplasm. A minimum of 50 accessions each of D. dumenturom and D. praehensilis have been collected and characterization will be initiated in 2015. 2.2.4.10.1 Results so far:

 Six field trials were established at Ejura, Brahoho,Dromankese, Baniantwe, Nyomoase and Fumesua for the evaluation of promising genotypes - 5 D. rotundata, 5 D. alata and 3 D. cayenensis. 20 new local germplasm- D. cayenensis, D. dumentorium & D. prahenlensis and 5 D. rotundata accessionswere tagged and later collected from Ejura and Atebubu have been assembled and would be evaluated in 2015.

2.2.5 Biotechnology Activities 2.2.5.1 Molecular Characterization of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma Saggittifolium)

Cocoyam is less exploited scientifically especially at the molecular and cytogenetic level. The only cytological data on cocoyam genomes are chromosome counts, i.e. 2n = 42 for Xanthosoma and 2n = 24 for Colocasia. To date, information is lacking on the mitotic index, chromosome features, breeding behaviour, phylo-genetics and molecular genetics of the cultivars. 2.2.5.2.1 Key Activities Planned:

 Conduct a study to develop SSR and DArT molecular marker systems, which could be utilised for characterisation of assembled cocoyam germplasm: - to enrich and sequence microsatellite (SSR) regions in the Xanthosoma genome, validates markers and identify the most efficient and informative ones to serve as reference markers. - to develop a platform for characterization of cocoyam employing DArTseq and characterize local and exotic accessions, identifying parental lines for breeding programs. 2.2.5.2.2 Result: Output/Outcome:

 42 accessions of cocoyam were collected from the CSIR-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute. Genomic DNAs has been extracted and these have been added to the 1,208- cocoyam accessions available at the DNA Bank.

2.2.5.2.3 Way forward

 It is expected that Scientist responsible for the work would travel to one of the three proposed collaborating institutes for the development of the marker systems and hence characterization of the assembled germplasm.

2.2.5.3 Genotyping of released crop varieties in Ghana

Genotyping can also be referred to as fingerprinting which is the process of determining the genetic constitution – the genotype – of an individual by examining their DNA sequence. This provides information necessary to characterise germplasm. This kind of information is vital to document the identity of crop varieties released to facilitate the ability to trace individual at any point in time. Currently, methods of genotyping used by breeders include morphological, agronomic, and biochemical systems. Characterization based on morphological characteristics alone may be limited since the expression of quantitative traits is subjective to strong environmental influence. Alternatively, molecular characterization techniques are capable of identifying polymorphism represented by differences in DNA sequences. This has the ability of analyzing variation at the DNA level during any stage of the development of the plant, where environmental influences are excluded. In genotyping, molecular tools would be used to characterise and document fingerprint of crop varieties.

2.2.5.3.1 Key activities Planned  Identify a set of Microsatellite (SSR) primers for Taro.  Screen primers for their ability to amplify sequences within the taro genome and their annealing temperatures at which they produce reproducible bands/allele at estimated sizes.

2.2.5.3.2 Results: Output/Outcome Taro: Out of 42 primers, 19 were selected for Taro genome analysis. Fingerprinting of 106 Taro collections from which genomic DNA had been previously isolated was initiated. This has been suspended due to challenges in using our existing genotyping systems to screen large number of samples. Yam: Genomic DNA was isolated for the three released yam varieties as well as other local yam accessions, which included Pona, Dente, Muchumudu and Labrekor. A set of 20 Microsatellite was screened to determine the appropriate annealing temperatures at which they produce reproducible bands/allele at estimated sizes. All 20 primers were selected and used for PCR.

Sweetpotato: The released sweetpotato varieties (Apomuden, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sauti, M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ogyefo, Ligri,9 Okumkom, Santom Pona, Fara, CRI- Otoo, CRI9 Hi-starch, Bohye, Dadanyuie and Patron) varieties were obtained from the sweetpotato breeding program. Genomic DNA was isolated from the samples for fingerprinting. Molecular markers are yet to be selected for the PCR assay.

2.2.5.3.3 Way Forward/Recommendations The Biotechnology section uses most if not all of our resources for purchasing laboratory reagents and consumables from abroad, which attract huge custom charges. In view of this, funds for custom charges would be included in subsequent budgets.

2.2.5.4 In Vitro Manipulation and Field Performance of Clean and Healthy Improved Root and Tuber Crops Productivity of root and tuber crops is limited by a number of both biotic and abiotic constraints. Biotechnological interventions such as tissue culture using combinations of thermotherapy and in vitro meristem shoot tip culture techniques offer great potential for improving productivity of root and tuber crops through virus elimination and regeneration of plantlets from tissues where viruses have been excluded. Tissue cultured propagules are produced under controlled environment and the 45 nutrients in the growing media are far in excess of those in the soil. In addition, in vitro plantlets have small juvenile leaves with reduced photosynthetic capacity and malfunctioning stomata; hence these plantlets need to be hardened gradually in order to improve survival upon transfer to soil.

2.2.5.4.1 Key Activities Planned:

- To develop a standardized protocol for the production of root and tuber crops; the study initiated and established released varieties of four root and tuber crops namely yam, sweetpotato, cocoyam and cassava in vitro. - Rapidly multiply, acclimatize and produce clean planting materials for field establishment. Field performance of these root and tuber crops will be evaluated.

2.2.5.4.2 Key Result: Outputs/Outcome

 Yam: Three (3) varieties namely Mankrong Pona, Kukrupa and CRI Pona and some local accessions - Pona, Dente, Muchumudu and Labreko were initiated using nodal cuttings and meristem shoot tips. Mankrong Pona was rapidly multiplied in-vitro and acclimatized in the screen house.  1,438 plantlets were acclimatized at the screen house to produce clean micro tubers on three different media including peat pellet and black soil.  520 plantlets have been established on the field to evaluate its performance.

Fig 11a: Three-week old yam Fig 11b: Six-week old Fig 11c: Plantlets of meristem in petri dish (9cm) initiated axillary bud Mankrong Pona established Sweetpotato: Bohye, Dadanuie, Ligri and Patron were grown in the screenhouseon the field for 4-8 weeks. Nodal cuttings and apical shoot tips of these varieties were established on supplemented Murashige and Skoog initiation and multiplication media. Best growing plantlets, which were 3-4 weeks old after 3rd subculture, were selected for thermotherapy. In vitro plantlet positive to virus were incubated in a growth chamber for 4 weeks Meristem/Shoot tips (0.5-1mm) were excised from the thermo-treated plantlets and cultured on meristem medium for 6-8 weeks and then transferred to multiplication medium. Apical meristem shoot tip and axillary bud derived plantlets most of which were thermo-treated were acclimatized in the screenhouse for 4-6 weeks after which two nodes were grafted on Ipomoea setosa plant, which is an indicator plant. Symptoms were observed for 30 days and leaves from grafted plants were assayed for NCM-ELISA to test for the presence or absence of virus. Clean materials are being multiplied at the screenhouse. They have also been established on the field to evaluate its performance. Apical meristem shoot tips and axillary bud derived plantlets from other released varieties - Otoo, Santom Pona, Hi-Starch, Okumkom, Faara, Apomuden, Ogyefo and Sauti have been established in vitro and are being multiplied for indexing.

Figure 12a:Initiated nodal cuttings Figure 12b:.Sweetpotato Figure 12c:Thermo-treated apical of sweetpotato showing sprouts undergoing thermotherapy shoot tips on initiation medium

Fig 13 Clean materials of sweetpotato established on the field Cocoyam: Varieties of Gye me di, Akyedie and Mayeyie were initiated using meristems, established on MS Media supplemented with vitamins and hormones and multiplied for 8-10 months. Multiplication is on-going. A total of 349 plantlets of cocoyam comprising of 135 - Ma ye yie, 44- Gye me di and 170 - Akyedie have been acclimatized. 191 plantlets of cocoyam have been sent to the field for establishment. Cassava: Ex-plants were collected from four released varieties (Sika bankye, Ampong, Broni Bankye and Otuhia) and surface sterilized and cultured on supplemented MS medium. Regenerated plantlets were rescued and cultured on multiplication medium. Multiplication is on-going. Cleaned materials acclimatized at the screenhouse using black soil and peat pellet showed a very high survival rate for both media. However, those acclimatized with a mixture of Black soil + Poultry manure showed a very low survival rate.

Table 11:Survival rate of yam in Screenhouse

No No surviving after Name of Variety Name of Medium % survival acclimatized two weeks Mankrong Pona Peat pellet 435 435 100 Mankrong Pona Black Soil 1003 983 98.01 Total 1438 1418 99.005

Figure 14b: 6-week old acclimatized yam Figure 14a:Yam cultures undergoing rapid plantlets multiplication at the screenhouse for the production of clean micro tubers.

Sweetpotato – Virus indexing

Four recently released sweetpotato varieties were virus indexed. Three varieties out of the four varieties tested using Ipomoea setosa and NCM-ELISA were found to be free of virus infection.

Fig 15a: In vitro clean Fig 15b: Clean materials being multiplied at the screen house cultures of sweetpotato Cocoyam: Screenhouse establishment for the 3 released cocoyam varieties are presented below.

Table 12: % survival of cocoyam under Screenhouse Name of No of plantlets No surviving % survival variety acclimatized after two weeks Akyedie 170 154 90.59 Gye Me Di 44 37 84.09 Ma Ye Yie 135 106 78.51 Total 349 297 84.40

Fig 16a: Established cocoyam variety in Fig 16b: 6 week-old cocoyam plantlets vitro acclimatized at the Screen house Standardised Protocols: Protocols for initiation, multiplication and rooting medium have been standardized for the root and tuber crops using Murashige and Skoog Medium supplemented with vitamins and hormones. Standardised protocols for the four root and tuber crops have been documented. 2.2.5.5 Challenges  Inadequate shelves in the growth room, faulty air conditioner and electrical wiring systems at transfer and growth rooms and delays in clearing laboratory supplies from the ports are some of the challenges faced by the Biotechnology unit.

2.2.5.6 Way Forward  Cassava varieties will be in-vitro multiplied, acclimatized and established on the field for evaluation, while other released varieties of sweetpotato will be virus-indexed. In-vitro multiplication of released varieties of cocoyam and yam are on-going. Conservation protocols need to be established. Periodic training for both scientists and technical staff to exploit other applications in tissue culture techniques in advanced laboratories is recommended.  The CSIR should request for tax exemption/waivers on laboratory consumables that the unit imports. The Institute has been paying so much for freight charges for the laboratory supplies at the port.

2.2.5.3: In Vitro Manipulation and Field Performance of Clean and Healthy Improved Root and Tuber Crops  Key Activities: Biotechnological interventions such as tissue culture using combinations of thermotherapy and in vitro meristem shoot tip culture techniques offer great potential for improving productivity of root and tuber crops through virus elimination and regeneration of plantlets from tissues where viruses have been excluded. Tissue cultured propagules are produced under controlled environment and the nutrients in the growing media are far in excess of those in the soil. In addition, in vitro plantlets have small juvenile leaves with reduced photosynthetic capacity and malfunctioning stomata; hence these plantlets need to be hardened gradually in order to improve survival upon transfer to soil. Currently, information on field performance of tissue culture materials is limited. Evaluation of conventional and tissue culture materials will establish economic benefits of using tissue culture produced "clean" planting materials. To develop a standardized protocol for the production of root and tuber crops; the study initiated and established released varieties of four root and tuber crops namely yam, sweetpotato, cocoyam and cassava in vitro. It rapidly multiplied, acclimatized and produced clean planting materials for field establishment. Field performance of these root and tuber crops was evaluated.

Results so far  STANDARDISED PROTOCOLS: Protocols for initiation, multiplication and rooting medium have been standardized for the root and tuber crops using Murashige and Skoog Medium

supplemented with vitamins and hormones. Standardised protocols for the four root and tuber crops have been documented.  YAM: Three varieties namely Mankrong Pona, Kukrupa and CRI Pona and some local accessions - Pona, Dente, Muchumudu and Labreko were initiated using nodal cuttings and meristem shoot tips. Mankrong Pona was rapidly multiplied in vitro and acclimatized in the screen house. 1438 plantlets were acclimatized at the screen house to produce clean micro tubers on three different media including peat pellet and black soil. 520 have been established on the field to evaluate its performance.  Cleaned materials were acclimatized at the screen house using black soil and peat pellet. Survival rates were very high in both medium. Acclimatized yam plantlets (Mankrong Pona) produced seed yams at 4-7 months after establishment in the field and in the screen house. Yam plantlets established in the field produced less number of seed yams (631 tubers from 433 plantlets) when compared to those established in the screen house (1093 tubers from 595 plantlets). Sizes of seed yams are shown in figure 17. A total number of 6,079 yam plantlets have so far been produced from the three released varieties of which Mankrong Pona showed a very rapid rate of multiplication compared to other varieties. The table below summarises the annual total production comprising of in vitro plantlets and acclimatized plants for released varieties.  Table 13: Invitro Yam plantlets Generated under Tissue culture Name of variety No in vitro No acclimatized Mankrong Pona 3,914 1,810 CRI Pona 240 0 Kukrupa 115 0 Name of variety No in vitro No acclimatized

Fig 17: Seed yams produced under screen house conditions

FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL LINKAGES AND PARTNERSHIP

The development goal of WAAPP-2A is to intensify generation, dissemination and adoption of improved technologies in the agricultural priority commodities of the participating countries. Reaching this objective implies the strengthening of regional cooperation in generation of technologies; scaling up dissemination and developing collaborative mechanisms. For component 2 to strengthen regional cooperation in technology generation and sharing along the sub region there is the need to align national priorities with regional ones.

To achieve this, the National Centre of Specialization (NCoS) in Ghana, CSIR-Crops Research Institute organized a regional planning workshop with the theme – “Towards regional partnership and linkages in agricultural research and development” - to create a platform for identification, planning and implementation of common research problems and solutions in the different countries of the WAAPP. The main objective of the workshop was to share knowledge on research networking and establish effective networking groups. Specifically, this workshop was to create a platform for identification of common regional agricultural research problems and develop action plans and if possible budgets for its implementation. It was expected that at the end of the workshop, a number of research networking groups will be initiated and a register of technologies generated / implemented by various WAAPP NCOS, ready for transfer and demonstration in other WAAPP countries.

In the planning and implementation of this Sub- Regional Planning Workshop, a 7-member local organizing committee was formed and a conceptual note developed. The workshop was organized at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute (The NCoS-Ghana) from 2 - 5 June 2014; with a total of 15 persons from our Regional partners - Benin, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria (IITA) and Burkina Faso being in attendance. Scientist from Local NCoS partner institutions were also present- SARI, FRI, ARI, WRI, SRI, PGRRI, FORIG, Universities, FARA, MOFA, Private partners and Farmer-Based Organization representatives. Present and past Director Generals of the CSIR were present. The overall persons present were about 200. The workshop approach included presentations, round table discussions on 3 sub-themes - Agricultural Research Networking, Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies in the Sub Region and Integration of the Public-Private Partnership into Agricultural Research and Development, which formed the basis of the group discussions.

Issues and gaps identified in our quest to be a Regional Centre of Excellence offered an action plan as a regional framework for a sustainable R&D networking. Four Research Networks have been initiated and common research problems were identified during country presentations. A framework for developing a sustainable, efficient and effective Regional linkage and partnership was developed.

There was the need to improve the efficiency of networking by identifying what one dose best within a network and concentrating on that due to limited resources and also involving all actors at all stages of Research network development and implementation;

 Establish knowledge system platforms and / or a Data base system where actors will seek and share knowledge;  Scientists need to map out partnership within programs;  Initiate linkages at various levels –institutional, national and sub-regional level to strengthen multidisciplinary  Develop a network platform on the WAAPP /Institutional website;  Develop an effective communication forum / platform for the sub region and institutions in countries – annual workshop  Develop capacity development plan – increase mobility of scientists for capacity building;

Establish Institutional linkages in packaging information and technology for dissemination; The way forward is to pursue the existing networks to ensure regional cooperation and effective networking. Proceedings from the workshop are being collated, edited and published.

2.2.6. Capacity building of NCoS Scientist

Advances in computer applications during the past few decades have brought radical changes in the way information is gathered, stored, organized, accessed, retrieved, disseminated and consumed. The application of computers in information processing has brought several products and services to the scene. The Internet and the Web are constantly influencing the development of new modes of scholarly communication; their potential for delivering information is quite vast, as they overcome successfully the geographical limitations associated with the print media. This important fact is convincing many libraries to move towards digital e-resources, which are found to be less expensive and more useful for easy access. It is with the above reason that the CSIR-CRI Library organized a training workshop in Web 2.0 and Electronic Resources for the research scientists at the Institute. Specifically, the training workshop equipped scientists with the requisite information sources for research. The training identified and explored the web 2.0 tools and some online databases currently available on the Internet, encouraging the use of online journals among researchers and effective flow of scholarly information and in addition made them aware of the citation issues and plagiarism within the scientific world.

2.2.6.1 Results: Output/Outcome:

 Twenty-three (23) scientists were introduced and trained on the use of electronic resources and Internet use (Table 2.2.7). Scientists were able to use the strategies for effective search tool to search and retrieve electronic information from various online and offline electronic database. Scientists were able to use web 2.0 for project collaboration. Participants were made to assess the programme after the workshop. The assessment indicated that the course objectives were achieved.  Way Forward: Scientists would be trained in Basic web design and development. It was recommended that the Internet facility at the NCoS be improved to facilitate training programmes.

2.3 Visiting Scientists and Cross-Border Technology Transfer Visiting Scientists- (In)  Three scientists from Senegal visited the Tissue Culture Laboratory to learn about preparation of mother plants for initiation, surface sterilization, and rapid multiplication of ex-plants and acclimatization of sweetpotato, cassava and plantain. The period of stay was from 24th February to 7th March 2014.  Four scientists [3 from Cote d’Ivoire (March for 2 days) and one from Nigeria (May for 2 days)] visited the virology laboratory in 2014. Fifteen graduate students, 10 MSc. Students from KNUST and 5 from the Cape Coast University in Ghana visited the Virology Laboratory of the Institute to learn indexing of sweetpotato viruses using the NCM ELISA technique and related activities for the management of sweetpotato virus disease incidence

Fig 18: Scientist on exchange program-NCoS 52

Visiting Scientists–(Out) One scientist attended the 13th Sweetpotato Speed Breeders’ Annual meeting in Blantyre, Malawi from 17th- 20th June, 2014.

Table 14: Beneficiary Tracking Format – Capacity building of NCoS Scientist and visiting scientist and students Activity (For all key Beneficiaries No of Youth Remarks activities) (up to 35yrs) % Youth

Male Female Total Training of Scientists in 19 4 23 12 52 Web 2.0 and Electronic Resources Visiting scientists – tissue 18 4 22 19 86 Scientists were from sister culture and virology lab WAAPP countries. Youth from the local universities

2.4 Centre of Specialization Management Committee (COSMAC) CoSMAC is the multi-stakeholder research committee with oversight responsibility for the NCoS. It strives to ensure that researches conducted are strategic and national priorities are aligned with regional agricultural sub-sector top priorities in technology generation, dissemination and adoption within participating countries top priority sub-sectors. This could only be realized through the strengthening of national centers of specialization and the support of Priority Agricultural Research Programs.

2.4.1 Key activities Planned by CoSMAC

 Plan a regional workshop to discuss research programmes and technology dissemination.  Review and approve research programs and budgets for NCoS towards the development of improved agricultural technologies in root and tubers for increased productivity.  Conduct M&E of approved activities to ensure that objectives of the NCoS are met.  Ensure that laboratories are well equipped with the relevant equipment and chemicals.  Ensure adequate funding for approved activities.  Work towards achievement of ISO certification to qualify for the status of Regional Centre of Excellence for Root and Tubers.

2.4.2 Result: Output

 A Concept note on the Regional workshop has been submitted to the PCU.  Messrs. Sky Portal Consult has been contracted to undertake the necessary processes ISO certification of the Bio-Technology laboratory.  An inception report from the consultant has been submitted to the PCU. An oversight committee has been set up by COSMAC to study the report for further actions by the consultant.  Recommendation has been made for the immediate procurement of some key equipment listed in the report.  Implementation of all approved activities under the various commodity programs was successful.  Six (6) CoSMAC meeting were held at the NCoS during the period. Issues discussed included: - Recruitment of NCoS Coordinator. - Terms of reference for the hiring of Consultant to evaluate the NCoS as part of its transformation from NCoS to RCoE

- NCoS management and research. - Organization of the Regional Research Planning Workshop by the NCoS. - M&E of NCoS on-station and on-farm adaptive research trials. - Integration of priority research activities conducted at NCoS allied institutes namely CSIR- FRI, SARI, ARI, SRI and PGRRI with to support the core mandate of the NCoS. - Representation of Allied institutes and regional representatives from WAAPP-Nigeria and WAAPP Cote d’Ivoire on CoSMAC.

2.5 ISO Certification for NCoS Consultancy services to develop procedures and quality management and technical systems as pre- requisites for the ISO/IEC 17025’2005 accreditation of the Biotechnology Laboratory of the CSIR- CRI was advertised in the 10th July 2014 Edition of the Daily Graphic (Page 59).

Capacity Building for CSIR Implementing Agencies (IAs) outside of CSIR-Crops Research Institute (NCoS).

 Commulatively, the programme has supported ninety four (94) PhD (31) and MSc/Mphil (63) and twenty (20) PhD slots had been provided. Half of these post-graduate training slots have been dedicated to the NCoS. So far, eligible candidates have been enrolled for 10 PhDs (6 male and 4 females) and 39 MSc (26 men and 13 women) in the first phase and twenty-two (22) staff currently being sponsored by the programme in phase 2.

2.6 . IAR4D/ Innovation Platform 2.6.1 Key activities Planned . Share the vision of WAAPP in adopting the concept of IAR4D – IP to disseminate available technologies in maize, vegetables and root and tuber crops, during RELC planning workshops.

. Share the vision of WAAPP in adopting the concept of IAR4D – IP to disseminate available technologies in maize, vegetables and root and tuber crops, with actors along commodity value chain at the district level (District Stakeholder Workshops / Meetings).

. Visit proposed districts/communities to assess the needs of stakeholders (for the establishment of Innovation Platforms entry points)

. Establish learning/demonstration fields in the districts/communities

2.6.2 Result: Output RELC Planning Workshops:  IAR4D concept shared with more than 360 participants in the four sessions comprising an average of 90 participants per session.

 106 districts were represented comprising MoFA Regional Directors, District Directors, Development officers, Researchers from NARS, Farmers, Processors, Traders, NGOs, Transporters, input dealers, Cooperative Officers and other value chain actors/service providers. Refer table 13

Table 15: Attendance at RELC Planning Sessions 2014 (IAR4D – IP Concept - Sensitization) Region Districts Total Represented Attendance Volta 25 60 Eastern 26 91 Ashanti 30 120 Brong Ahafo 25 91 Total 106 362

District Stakeholder Workshop/Meetings

 Actors along specific commodity value chain were identified by a Team of platform facilitators in collaboration with MoFA, Community Opinion leaders, and members of FBOs in selected districts/communities.  Constraints identified from production to the final consumers by agricultural stakeholders/actors along specific commodity value chain. Participants included input dealers, producers, processors, marketers and service providers.  A total of twelve (12) Stakeholder workshops/meetings were carried out during the period under review involving 337 actors. (33% females and 67% males) refer table 14a

Table 16a: District Stakeholder Workshop/Meetings (Feb – June 2014) Farmers, Attendance

District/Community MoFA CSIR Processors Total Male Female & Others Feb - March

(1st Quarter) Komanda 3 1 2 6 - 6 Mfantsiman 4 1 2 4 3 7 Akatsi (North) 2 1 - 3 - 3 Adaklo Waya 1 1 11 12 1 13 Fanteakwa District Asarekwao Fayiase 4 1 22 19 8 27 2 1 19 18 4 22 Sunyani West 11 1 20 21 11 32 Ejura 5 2 41 25 23 48 Sekyere West 12 1 24 23 14 37 Total 42 10 143 131 (67%) 64 (33%) 195 Apr.–June 2014

(2nd Quarter) Farmers, Attendance

Stakeholders Workshops MoFA CSIR Processors Total Male Female & Others Upper Manya Krobo - 5 6 20 20 11 31 Nyankomase Upper Manya Krobo- 3 6 22 23 8 31 Asasewa

(Asunafo South-Kukuom 19 1 60 53 27 80

Grand Total 69 23 245 227 (67%) 110 (33%) 337

Table 16 b: Established learning/demonstration fields Districts/Communities Cassava(ac) Yam(ac) Cocoyam Sweetpotato Planned Planted Planned Planted Planned Planted Planned Planted Komenda ------1 - Mfantsiman 2 ------Akatsi North ------1 - Adaklo Waya 1 2 ------Fanteakwa District Asarekwao 1 2.5 - - 1 1 - - Fayiase 2 1 ------Sunyani West 2 ------Ejura 3 2 2 3 - - - - Sekyere West 2 ------Upper Manya Krobo- 1.5 1 - - 1 1 - - Nyankomase Upper Manya Krobo – 1 2 - - 1 2 - - Asasewa Asunafo South-Kukuom 1 ------Karaga * 2 - 1 - - - - - Grand Total 18.5 7.5 3 3 3 3 2 -

2.5.3 Key Challenges: The IP activities are faced by the following challenges: • Difficulty in getting land for field activities: Most of the districts/communities proposed for field activities were occupied by migrant farmers, who rent land for their farming activities. • Platform Facilitators not enough for scaling up: There are few (8) trained IP facilitators managing WAAPP.  Farmer Based Organizations – Poor Group Dynamics It has been observed that existing FBOs are not financially sound; lack the spirit of self-help and self-reliant.  High cost of yam planting materials: Yam planting materials was scarce and expensive at the market. • Abuse of pesticides use: Farmers use different types of pesticides to control weeds, diseases and insects. Unfortunately, most of them abuse the use of the pesticides and do not protect themselves. • Poor road networks There are poor road networks in the communities. This may affect movement of actors from one community to the other, for field learning activities (field days, visits and tours).

2.5.3 Key Recommendations • Yam planting materials should be secured at harvesting time and stored for the planting season. • IP facilitators will identify district cooperative officers or NGOs to build up the FBOs in- group dynamics. • Safe use of pesticides will be included in the Innovation platform activities as matter of urgency.

COMPONENT 3: FUNDING OF DEMAND-DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY GENERATION AND ADOPTION

3.1 Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR Head Office) Demand-driven technology generation, dissemination and adoption projects were funded to enable mitigation of farmers’ pressing problems identified through the RELC process. Research conducted addressed farmers’ problems holistically along the commodity value chains in a multi-disciplinary and inter-institutional manner ensuring the involvement of the key stakeholders and beneficiaries. Other key agricultural commodities addressed were cereals, local poultry, small ruminants and vegetables. The outcome is expected to increase access of stakeholders (producers and processors) to improved technologies at both national and regional levels. Amongst key activities undertaken were the regional RELC Planning Sessions, CARGS awardees workshop, and CARGS Board meetings and M&E activities, development of Guinea fowl Production Resource Centre (to function as a value chain model as well as a technology transfer centre); postharvest management and value addition in cereals and root and tuber crops.

3.1.1 Research Extension Farmer Linkage Committees (RELCS)  3.1.1.1 Key Activities Planned

 Plan and conduct Regional planning sessions in all 10 Regions of Ghana to identify farmers’ pressing problems for the attention of researchers...  Organize technical review meetings for transfer of research information to Regional MoFA officers and extension agents.  Organize a Soil fertility workshop for RELC Coordinators and their Deputies . Develop extension materials and brochures on technologies developed under WAAPP 1A . Develop a concept note for WAAPP Technology District Adoption Project (WAAPP- TDAP) for funding and implementation. . Monitor activities of CARGS and adaptive research projects in selected Districts.

3.1.1.2 Result/Output/Outcome

. Inaugurated Regional RELCs with the respective MoFA Regional Director of Agriculture as Chairperson in all 10 regions of Ghana. . Successfully held Regional RELC Planning Sessions in all 10 regions of the country from 20th March to 4th April 2014. . Emerging farmers’ constraints identified and prioritized at Regional RELCs planning sessions were addressed trhough AEA training, demonstrations, farmer field schools and the BMTRMs in the affected Districts in the 10 regions. . Successfully held a Soil fertility workshop for RELC Coordinators and their Deputies to educate participants on soil fertility management and dissemination processes including e- agriculture to enhance technology dissemination. . Brochures on developed technologies under WAAPP 1A produced and distributed to all Regional RELC Coordinators, MoFA DAES and other NARS institutions. The Brochures were expected to sensitize and guide stakeholders in technology dissemination in addressing farmers’ problems. . A generic proposal was developed with input by the various RELCs and farmers for Technology District Adoption Project (WAAPP- TDAP),for implementation in five highly deprived cummunities in each region. These projects are expected to facilitate technology dissemination in accordance with expectations of the WAAPP.

. All the Regional RELCs implemented action plans on agreed demonstrations, AEA trainings, farmer field schools, technical review meetings as stipulated for the period.  Half-year RELCs meeting for Regional RELC Coordinators and Deputies was conducted on the 6-7th November, 2014 to review implementation of planned activities in the regions.  The RELCs were actively involved in the site selection and initiation of CARGS projects in selected districts.

Table 17: Extension Activities under RELC – 2014

Planned Activity Achievements Organise training for AEAs and 5 trainings were organised for 613 (554 men: 59 women) beneficiaries. farmers in 25 districts on crop Knowledge level of field officers and farmers upgraded on good vegetable commodities nursery management, mango seedling production, fruitfly prevention in mango production, introduction of crops rich in Vitamin A. and Iron and step-by-step GAPs in rice production – Volta region Organise training on oil palm 41 Regional, District Directors, DAOs (Extension, Crops) were trained on nursery and establishment better oil palm establishment and management practices – Western region Conduct radio broadcast to 281 radio broadcast were done through FM Stations to address farmers’ disseminate agricultural information constraints in agriculture in the region. Farmers and general public to farmers and other stakeholders knowledge and skills on various commodities had improved – Western region Conduct technical training on for 100 beneficiaries (60 Agric. Staff: 40 farmers) were trained on millipede field officers and farmers on management strategies to curtail the outbreak of millipede infestation in millipede management strategies the Western region. This had created awareness of the negative of millipede infestation and participants knowledge had been enhanced – Western region Organise a study tour DAOs, AEAs Two study tours were organised for farmers and DAOs for experiential and farmers learning in conservation agriculture and modern practice in poultry production. – Ashanti region

3.1.2 Competitive Agricultural Research Grant Scheme (CARGS)

The Competitive Agricultural Research Grant Scheme promotes the support and conduct of research with substantial benefits to farmers and other end-users either directly or through contributions to clearly identified research activities. The scheme facilitates pilot activities that develop research results into commercial products or demonstrate the potential of improved technologies. It also seeks to harness the diverse resources within the country to achieve national developmental objectives such as food security, poverty reduction and economic growth. The main objective is to identify and fund-demand driven research proposals through a transparent funding mechanism; the CARGS with the CARGS Board as the supervisory body. 3.1.2.1 Key Activities Planned

. Organize CARGS Board meetings. . Review and process prioritized constraints of farmers for the competitive grant. . . Facilitate the recommendation of project proposals emanating from RELCs for out-scaling. . Provide funding for implementation of new and on-going CARGS projects. . Conduct M&E of CARGS projects.

3.1.2.2 Result: Output/Outcome

 Three (3) CARGS Board meetings were held

. CARGS Board vetted proposals addressing identified problems of farmers and 14 full proposals were submitted to the World Bank for ‘No Objection. Out of these, ten (10) have received ‘No Objection’ for implementation. . Research contracts have been signed with Principal investigators of 10 successful CARGS projects for commencement in the various regions.

All projects have received initial 40% of first year’s budget and have all taken off.

Eight very crucial non-competitive projects emanating from WAAPP IA and recommended by the CARGS Board for out-scaling, were submitted to the Bank through the PCU. The Board is still awaiting “No Objection’ from the Bank prior to implementation in the respective districts.

Figure 19: Technical Expert and M&E Officer interacting with the designer of the solar panel at Krobo near Mampong Ashanti -ongoing CARGS project

3.1.2.3 Key Challenges

. Delays by the Bank in granting ‘No Objection’ for CARGS Board approved demand-driven research proposals selected for timely implementation.

Table 18: List of Awarded CARGS Projects Approved in 2014 for Implementation

No. Project Title Researcher Institution

1 Introducing Cage Culture in Reservoirs in Upper East Region, Ghana Prof. Steve Amisah KNUST

2 Integrated management of Plutella xylostella (DBM) and Boamah Duku Leucinodes orbonalis (EFSB) on vegetables in the Volta Emmanuel Region CSIR-PGRRI

3 Up-Scaling of Appropriate Technologies For The Akotsen-Mensah Management of Residual Effects of Herbicides on Cocoyam Production

4 Determination Of Appropriate Information On Land Kwabnena Abrefa SRI Suitability For Agricultural In The Brong Ahafo & Central Inketia Region

5 Minimising Rice Smut Diseases In Ashanti Region R. N. Issaka SRI Through Integrated Soil And Crop Management

6 Control of Cassava Root Rot disease in the Brong-Ahafo Dr Susana Akrofi PGRRI region of Ghana, by Appropriate Farm Management Practices

7 Development of Appropriate Management/ Control Grace C. Vander UCC Strategies For Taro Leaf Blight (Wilt) Disease puije

8 Up-scaling of appropriate strategies for the management of Dr Elvis Asare- maize streak disease in Volta Region Bediako

9 Development of Appropriate Strategies for the Management of Rosette Disease of Groundnuts in the Volta Region

10 Participatory Approaches in Strategic Dry Season Feeding of Ruminants in the Greater Accra Region.

3.1.3. CSIR-FOOD RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CSIR-FRI)

CSIR-Food Research Institute is the implementing agency responsible for the postharvest issues regarding cereals as well as roots and tubers.

3.1.3.1 CASSAVA: Technology for processing three (3) intermediate products of cassava transferred and adopted by 1500 primary out-processors.

3.1.3.1.1 Key activities Planned

. Identify and train farmer processors and processor groups for processing High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF), grits, chips and gari. . Fabricate and distribute cassava graters and presses (28 pieces) to cassava processors in the Volta, Eastern, Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and Central regions. . Develop composite flours from root and tuber crops (white yam, water yam, cocoyam and sweetpotato) in combination with wheat. . Form, train and transfer technology on composite flour processing and recipes to Bakery and pastry groups. . Develop and formulate composite flours from cereals and cassava varieties from CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Nyankpala and CSIR-Crops Research Institute (CRI), Fumesua- Kumasi. . Construct an Agribusiness Centre for the training and production of glucose syrup and ethanol for pharmaceutical and confectionary utilization. . Organize an Investors Forum . 60

3.1.3.1.2 Result: Output/Outcome

 29 groups of farmer processors and processor groups, consisting of 264 men and 459 women, constituting 37% men and 63% women were formed and reorganized for processing High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF), grits, chips and gari in the Volta, Eastern, Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and Central regions,  Processing equipment (graters and presses) were fabricated and distributed to 27 out of the 28 cassava processors identified in Volta, Eastern, Central, Brong Ahafo and Ashanti regions  Training manuals have been developed for printing.  Processors in Volta, Central and Eastern regions were trained on HQCF/grits and Gari processing.  Nine sets of processing equipment (grater and press) have also been fabricated and yet to be distributed to processors.  Quality management systems training have also started with the cassava-processing centre of CSIR-FRI at Pokuase.

Other Roots and Tubers: Technology for developing and utilizing composite flour from yam, cocoyam and sweet potato successfully transferred and adopted by flour and bakery enterprises.

 Composite flours have been developed from white yam, water yam, cocoyam and sweetpotato in combination with wheat.  Percentage compositions of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of composite flours were developed and formulated into bread, biscuits, cakes, chips and doughnuts.  9, 10 and 4 Bakery and pastry groups have been formed and trained in the Volta, Eastern and Ashanti regions respectively. Trained bakery and pastry members were 382, 267 and 110 in the Volta, Eastern and Ashanti Regions respectively. Among the trained groups were 349 youths, 9% were men and 91% were women as composite flour end-users (Figure 1 and 2).  A training manual on ‘’Root and Tuber Composite Flour Processing and Recipe Manual’’ has been published and distributed to trainees.  Ten sets of bakery equipment consisting of a mixer; roller and an oven with accessories have been fabricated for 10 selected trained bakery groups in the Volta and Eastern regions.  Two companies have been identified to produce commercial composite flour for the trained groups. These companies are St. Bassa Ghana Limited located in Chiraa, B/A and FreshPak Ghana Limited located in Community 18 Tema, GA/R.

Figure 20a: Training of barkery and pastry Figure 20b:Trainees and their products makers

3.1.3.2 Cassava and Cereal Flour: Integration into bread making and other pastry products (scaling-up)

3.1.3.2 .1 Planned Activities  Formulate composite flour of cassava, sorghum, rice and maize  Conduct shelf-life studies on developed products.  Set up a semi-commercial bakery at CSIR-FRI.

3.1.3.2 .2 Results/Outputs

 Composite flours of cassava, sorghum, rice and maize were successfully formulated on 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50% into various types of bread, chips, meat pies, biscuits, cakes and doughnuts.  Shelf-life studies are in progress on each product.  A semi-commercial bakery has been set-up at CSIR-FRI. with the acquisition of commercial oven, tunnel oven and a kneading machine for the production of bakery products.  Linkages have been made with WIAD-MoFA in the Eastern, Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions.  60 beneficiary bakers and 40 educational institutions were selected and given initial training.

3.1.3.2.3 Lessons Learnt

 Cassava processors were enthusiastic about the new processing technologies on High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF), grits, chips and gari.  Trainee bakers and pastry makers could not hide their joy on root and tuber composite flour products developed and transferred to them.  All trainees agreed that the technologies transferred would improve commercialization of their activities, which would increase their incomes and improve livelihoods.  Trainees agreed that the quality of all products were excellent over their known traditional products.  The source of regular supply of the composite flours was of concern to the trainees.

3.1.3.2.4 Success Stories  Assembling and test-running of all cassava graters and presses fabricated for the cassava processors identified was conducted successfully.  Training of composite flour end-users in the Volta and Eastern Region was conducted successfully.  An Investor’s Forum and Exhibition of WAAPP2A Products at Stevens Hotel, Ho V/R was successfully conducted on 3rd April, 2014.  An Exhibition of WAAPP2A-Ghana products was conducted at the 2nd International Agribusiness Conference, Cape Verde from 2nd - 4th May, 2014.  An Investors Forum and Exhibition of WAAPP2A Products at Bedtime Hotel, Koforidua, A/R was successfully conducted on 10th July, 2014.  An Exhibition of WAAPP2A-Ghana products was conducted at the 3rd Youth in Agribusiness Entrepreneurship Fair and Conference, Kofi Annan ICT Centre, Accra, October 19th -21st August, 2014  A visit by WAAPP-Cote d’Ivoire to WAAPP-Ghana was hosted by CSIR-FRI- from 21st to 24th July, 2014.  Regional integration between WAAPP- Cote d’Ivoire and CSIR-FRI was promoted through a study tour of CSIR-FRI and key technologies were transferred to WAAPP- Cote d’Ivoire These included technology for; i. processing plantain fufu flour. ii. processing plantain composite flour. iii. processing plantain chips.

iv. processing bakery and pastry products using plantain composite flour for bread, pie, cake, cookies, doughnuts and chips. v. packaging plantain fufu flour, composite flour and products and plantain chips.

Figure21: Participants at the exhibition of WAAPP2A products at Ho, Volta Region.

3.1.3.3 Agribusiness Incubation Centre: Developed an Agribusiness Centre to Facilitate Agribusiness Activities.

3.1.3.3.1 Planned Activity  Develop an Agri-incubation centre for the production of glucose syrup and ethanol

3.1.3.3.2 Results/Output  An agribusiness Incubation Centre has been constructed for the production of glucose syrup and ethanol for pharmaceutical and confectionary utilization. The Centre will be used for production and training services for SME’s (Figure 22). It is currently 92% complete.

Figure 22: Agribusineess Incubation Centre, Pokuase (a) front view and (b) back view

3.1.3.4 Other Benefits  Twenty (20) copies of CSIR-FRI WAAPP manual “Root and tuber composite flour processing and recipe manual” were produced.  Contacts established for the fabrication of processing equipment to WAAPP-Cote d’Ivoire

3.1.3.4.1 Key Challenges Trained processors have challenges of putting up housing facilities for the processing equipment supplied.

3.1.4 CSIR-Animal Research Institute (ARI) Two priority commodities namely Guinea fowl and Small Ruminants were selected in line with the National priorities and to set an agenda for regional integration in livestock subsector. The proposed R & D activities will be implemented through two 5-year programs for Guinea fowl and Small ruminant value Chains. Each program is subdivided into key focal areas based on the constraints identified by the farmers for respective commodity and for efficient project implementation. The project will be implemented in three phases of technology generation or validation, demonstration and participatory business development. 3.1.4.1 Key activities Planned

 Train AEAs and farmers on feed resource management in small ruminant production  Conduct community mapping and baseline study for on-farm adaptive trials for crop- livestock models for cassava and rice in Volta region under crop-livestock integration:  Establish a Guinea fowl Resource Centre for research and training of AEAs and guinea fowl farmers  Establish an experimental/demonstration pen for brooding/ Management of keet mortality.

2.1.R & D in Guinea Fowl Production, Processing & Marketing Planned Activities For Reporting Period Status & Reasons For Location Beneficiary Type Over/Under Achievement Focal area 1: improved breeding & sexing: Sample collection Selected districts Guinea fowl farmers Conduct on farm trials in three Northern Regions & completed. Laboratory in Three Northern Greater Accra region to validate preliminary guidelines validation ongoing. regions & Volta for sexing and breeding by participatory experimentation region 2. Focal area 2: improved health management: Phytochemical analysis Centre for Guinea fowl farmers Conduct laboratory analysis and on station trials to of selected plants is Scientific research validate ethno veterinary practices used by the farmers completed. in plant medicine On station trial could not commence due to CSIR-ARI delays in construction premises of quarantine pens& will commence soon 3. Focal area 3: production systems & husbandry: Model and experimental Guinea fowl Guinea fowl farmers, Complete on station trial for improved semi-intensive pens for semi-intensive, resource Centre, AEAs, DLOs production and demonstration of management of keet insensitive systems CSIR-ARI mortality & train beneficiaries completed. On Three Northern stationtrial to validate regions & Volta proposed model will be regions completed in 2015.Training farmers on Management of keet mortality was completed 4. Focal area 4: Feeding and Nutrition : Completed Guinea fowl Guinea fowl farmers, Conduct on-station trial to establish protein and energy resource Centre, Guinea fowl resource requirements for local Guinea fowls for fattening and CSIR-ARI centre laying 5. Focal area 5: Technology generation, validation in Validation workshop CSIR-ARI Guinea fowl processing & marketing of guinea fowl value chain: was held Processors & 1.Organize Validation workshop with stakeholders Establishment of model marketers 2.Establish cost effective and environmentally friendly slaughter facility near model unit for processing Guinea fowls and other value completion addition activities Training processors will 3.Organize workshops to train identified producers with be done in March 2015 training needs, processors on proposed model and best practices, state requirements

R & D In Small Ruminant Production, Processing & Marketing Planned Activities For Reporting Period Status Location Benificiary Type 6. Organize Inception workshop for Small Ruminant Completed CSIR-ARI, Reps of Crop and Program. small ruminants farmers, MOFA staff, scientists 7. Crop-livestock integration: Community mapping and Completed Afadzato South, Cassava & Rice baseline study for on-farm adaptive trials for crop- Central Tongu farmers, processors, livestock models for Cassava and Rice in Volta region. districts of Volta Small ruminant region farmers 8.Conduct on farm trials using selected crops in Volta On-going Afadzato South, Afadzato South, region. Central Tongu Central Tongu districts of Volta districts of Volta region region 9.Establishment of community feed conservation units & On-going Adidome & Sheep and goat training small ruminant producers and cassava & rice Kpedzeglo in farmers processors Volta region 10. Focal area: Technology generation, validation in Construction near CSIR-ARI, Small ruminant processing & marketing of Small ruminant value completion processors chain: Training processors is 1. Organize stakeholder’s workshop.2. Design and pending till construction construct simplified cost- effective model Processing units is completed. to ensure food & environmental safety. 3. Organize training workshops to train processors on proposed model, established best practices State protocols and by-laws. 11. Development of Value Chain Databases For Waapp 2 Livestock Commodities. Planned Activities For Reporting Period Status Location Benificiary Type 11.1.Organize stakeholder workshops Completed Northern region, Guinea fowl, Small 11.2.Data collection and compilation from three Northern Upper East and ruminant processor regions Upper West producer groups & 11.3.Establishment of 2 preliminary database on 2 target regions input dealers etc., commodities in 3 Northern Regions

12.0 Organize quarterly review meetings Completed CSIR-ARI

3.1.4.2 Result: Output/Outcome

 On farm trials and demonstration of options for Feed resource management established at Odeikrom in the Akuapim South district involving 35 farmers. Feed stuff for feed conservation unit constructed for 20 goats.  102 male and 56 females mapped for on farm experimentation and demonstration under the on-farm adaptive trials for crop-livestock models at Afadzato South, Central Tongu of Volta region.  2,000 capacity Guinea fowl Resource Centre with 300 growers stocked and eggs from existing stocks being hatched for further expansion and training. 300 guinea fowl growers have also been stocked at Pokuase centre.  1,800 capacity on station brooder pen for research and demonstration on management of keet mortality experiments completed for training purposes. Stocked with 926 keets.

3.1.4.3 Success stories  CSIR-ARI has so far been able to establish two Technology transfer centres including; Guinea Fowl Resource Centre (GFRC) at CSIR-ARI Katamanso that will also function as a Business incubation centre for value Chain operators from 3rd Quarter of 2015 to serve Southern sector of Ghana has been constructed.  Animal feed conservation Technology transfer unit in Odeikrom in Eastern regions for sustainable training of AEAs and Small Ruminant Farmers.  Value Chain Databases for Guinea fowl and a Small ruminant that are still in the preliminary phase of data collection have attracted interest of farmers and processors of Value Chain. Beneficiaries have already started accessing the data available and networking for their business activities. 

Table 23:Farmer field fora held at Animal Feed Conservation Technology Transfer Unit at Odeikrom, Eastern Region.

3.1.4.4 Challenges  Lab work as part of focal area of sexing & breeding delayed due to long time taken from International suppliers for delivery and cumbersome procedures for clearance with no tax exemptions for reagents meant for research funded by WAAPP2.

 Difficulty in gathering Guinea fowl eggs from September to February has delayed on station trial for semi-intensive pen.

 Delay in service delivery of contractors & outsourced labour in construction, rehabilitation of animal houses delayed experiments and demonstration activities.

3.1.4.5 Recommendations  WAAPP, PCU through the sector minister should apply for tax exemptions for reagents to facilitate research at ARI. 3.1.5 CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) 3.1.5.1 Evaluation of 10 Sorghum Genotypes Across the Guinea and Sudan Savanna Zones

Objective To identify high yielding lines resistant to the grain mold disease across the agro-ecological zone within northern Ghana for increased sorghum production.

3.1.5.1.1 Key Activities planned  Select three different locations across northern Ghana;

 Establish all trials in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications.  Collect Data on grain weight, days to fifty per cent flowering; panicle weight, biomass yield, 1000 grain weight and plant stand.  Analyse results using GENSTAT Package.

3.1.5.1.2 Results: Outputs/Outcome  Trials using 10 accessions of Sorghum (Table 1) were established successfully in Nyankpala, Manga and Damongo.

Table 19: Kapaala and its Derivatives Evaluated in 2014

NO LINE ORIGIN 1 SARSORG-TRG 2011-1 Ghana 2 SARSORG-TBG 2011-2 Ghana 3 SARSORG-MRG 2011-3 Ghana 4 SARSORG-MBG 2011-4 Ghana 5 SARSORG-SBG 2011-5 Ghana 6 SARSORG-SRG 2011-6 Ghana 7 KAPAALA Ghana 8 KADAGA Ghana 9 SENSORG-2009-1 Senegal 10 SENSORG-2009-2 Senegal

3.1.5.1.3 Major Findings  Grain yield was generally lower than 2 ton/ ha.  SARSORG-TRG-2011-1 was the most promising genotype evaluated. It outperformed its parentals in almost all the parameters tested.  The SENSORG-2009-1 performed well in all the three trial locations.

3.1.5.1.4 Recommendations  The genotypes must be evaluated on-farm to know the performance under farmers’ management and practices.  There is the need to conduct participatory varietal selection with farmers on the six (6) elite lines including the two (2) exotic varieties.

Success stories Three hundred and fifty (350) kg of foundation seeds of Kapaala and Dorado produced were picked up by private seed producers for the production of certified seeds for farmers’ use. There is an increasingly growing interest in sorghum production by farmers, hence the high demand on foundations seed by private seed producers. The use of some sorghum varieties mainly Kapaala and Dorado by Guinness Ghana Brewery Ltd has created a ready market for sorghum farmers thus the high interest of farmers to cultivate sorghum in recent years.

Table 24: Breeder seed production of the open-head derivative of Kapaala

3.1.5.2 Breeder and Foundation Seed Production 3.1.5.2.1 Planned Activity  Produce breeder and foundation seeds of Commercial varieties (Kapaala and Dorado) 3.1.5.2.2 Results/Outputs  Cultivated 1.2 ha of Kapaala and 1.0 ha of Dorado of which 0.2 ha were allocated to breeder seed production of these two varieties to meet the high demands of these two varieties.  200 kg and 150 kg of breeder seed and 1250 kg and 895 kg of Kapaala and Dorado respectively were produced for distribution to public and private seed companies.  Six (6) elite lines (open-panicle derivatives of Kapaala and 2 exotic varieties)  75 kg each of the eight lines have been produced for use in 2015 cropping season for both on- station and on-farm evaluation in the coming season.

Figure 25: Dorado at the booting stage

3.1.5.2 Pearl Millet Improvement

Generation and Adoption of Demand -Driven Adaptive Research To develop improved Pearl millet varieties suitable for the agro-ecologies of northern Ghana

3.1.5.2.1 Key Activities planned

 Breeding local pearl millet varieties for resistance to diseases and bird attacks  Facilitate breeder seed production and establish on-station trials  Carry out sensory test for 5 improved millet lines  Establish two inspection sites and carry out on-farm testing of improved lines.

3.1.5.2.2 Results: Outputs/Outcome Breeding local pearl millet varieties for resistance to diseases and bird attacks  The F5s BSH x Bristled plots have been established. Backcross work on F2 seeds of BSH x SOXSAT is on-going to produce BC1 using both half-sib and full-sib methods Breeder seed production  Breeder seed production of all five candidate genotypes (SOXSAT, Arrow, Tongo Yellow, Bong Short- head and Bristled head) is on-going with each planted on 1 acre field. These are at various stages of crop development.  Seeds of each of the three late millet lines are also being preserved on at least a plot size of half an acre.

Success Stories Dossier prepared on five improved early maturing millet genotypes and submitted to NVRRC and 1st field inspection/visit done on 24th September 2014. An average of 50 kg seed of each improved genotype have been produced and stored at Manga. At least 15 farmers received seed of improved genotypes to plant on their own farms. Two (2)kg each of improved Tongo Yellow and Bongo Short-head was also given to ADRO for demonstration with their contact farmers in some communities in the UER.

Thirteen (13) genotypes each of Early, Medium and Late maturing millet were evaluated in a Preliminary Yield Trials on-station.

 Backcross work on F2 seeds (bristled SOXSAT) of Bristled x SOXSAT to produce BC1 using both half- sib and full-sib methods completed and seed harvested and stored. Another cycle to produce BC2 under irrigation is on-going at the Manga station. Figure 26: Bristled SOXSAT variety

On-station trials  Three different set of trials have been set up on-station namely; one (1) Advanced Yield Trial (four replications) using the five candidate genotypes; Three (3) Preliminary Yield trials (Early, 69

Medium and Late maturity groups) using the core collections of earlier germplasm from Northern Ghana. Each trial is composed of 13 treatments with four replicates and one (1) evaluation trial (6 treatments with four replicates) involving hybrid and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) materials collected from ICRISAT and Nestle Central Africa.

Sensory and organoleptic test for 5 improved millet genotypes  A total of 4 dishes (Maasa, Koko, Tuon Zaafi and Foroforo) per genotype was prepared and a total of 75 respondents participated in the assessment in April, 2014

 A taste panel of 20 members participated in the sensory evaluation test using a 9-point hedonic scale. The sensory attributes such as appearance, Colour, Aroma, Taste, Crust, Texture, Mouthfeel and Overall acceptability were assessed at Food Research Institute in Accra. Establishment of two sites for inspection by National Variety Release and Registration Committee (NVRRC)  These sites are located at Manga out-Station and Nyankpala main station. The Manga field was established on 14th May 2014 and was at heading stage. The Nyankpala field was planted in the first week of July, 2014.

On-farm testing of improved genotypes  Trials have been set up in five (5) districts across the region and are at various stages of growth.

3.1.5.2.3 Success stories  At least 15 farmers have been given seeds of improved genotypes to plant on their own farms.  Two kilos each of Tongo Yellow and Bongo Short-head was also given to ADRO for demonstration with their contact farmers in some communities

 A draft report on the five (5) candidate genotypes has been submitted as part of requirements by the National Variety Release and Registration Committee (NV RRC).

Table 27: Candidate genotypes earmarked for Release being introduced by WAAPP Focal Person –SARI

3.1.5.2.4 Challenges encountered with the Implementation of Activities  Drought affected on-farm work considerably. Field trials in five (5) districts out of 13 administrative districts of the region were affected by drought and severely affected crop performance. 3.1.5.2.5 Way Forward/Recommendations It is recommended that the Varietal Release Committee be invited this year as part of plans to release the candidate materials. This has to be done with dispatch and within one month, subject to availability of funds, since the Manga fields may be harvested before mid-August. 70

3.1.5.3 Soybean Improvement Programme

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) is one of the most cultivated grains in the entire world. Worldwide production is estimated at 253 million metric tons with the United States (83.5 million metric tons), (FAO, 2013). Soybean is widely consumed in Ghana especially the three regions of northern Ghana and the transition zone where it is most suitable for soybean production. However, soybean production is low in Ghana thus making the country not recognized as a soybean producing country in the world. The main goals of the program are to develop varieties that are suited to the agro-ecological conditions as well as the major farming systems in the interior savanna zone of Ghana, transfer appropriate technologies to farmers for the realization of food security of farm-families and thereby create wealth in the country.

The specific research objectives are to develop varieties that;  Have high and stable grain and fodder yield  Are resistant to pod shattering  Have high capacity to stimulate suicidal germination in seeds of S. hermonthica  Have appropriate maturity periods  Nodulate with native bacteria and are high fixers of biological nitrogen  Are tolerant to pest and diseases

3.1.5.3.1 Key Activities planned  Carry out land preparation; clear the land of all vegetation, plough, harrow and construct ridges.  Produce breeder and foundation seed  Establish demonstration fields  Evaluate advance trials

3.1.5.3.2 Results: Outputs/Outcome Ridges were prepared mechanically using a ridger. The size of the ridge was 75 cm. These land preparation methods ensure good germination and reduces weed infestation on the field.

 Breeder seed production; Breeder seed fields were established on 8.5 acres of land for the seven released varieties developed by the institute. Enough breeder seeds were produced from 3.5 acres of Jenguma, Quarshie, Afayak, Songda, Salintuya-I, Salintuya-II, Suong-Pugun which have been given to the seed companies to produce foundation seeds.

 Demonstration fields; On-farm demonstrations were conducted to showcase the newly release varieties (Songda, Afayak and Suong-Pugun) to farmers and also demonstrate the special qualities of these varieties as compared to the existing varieties. Demonstration fields were established at Yendi, Nyankpala, Damango and Savelugu on farmers’ fields to demonstrate and introduce to farmers the three varieties which were released.

 Evaluation of Advance trials: Advance trials on twenty lines have been established to evaluate their morphological characters, yield, days to maturity and shattering resistance at Nyankpala, Damango, Yendi and Wa. The twenty lines consist of ten medium line and ten early lines with the local variety as a check. These has been planted at Manga, Nyankpala, Damango, Yendi and Wa. Studies on the lines are on-going on percentage seedling emergence, days to 50% flowering, plant height at flowering, plant height at maturity, number of nodules/plant, days to maturity, lodging score, disease score, leaf damage by insect, grain yield /plot and shattering score. The purpose is to select promising lines with superior qualities to be released. Breeder seeds will be produced for subsequent production of foundation seeds by seed companies.

Figure 28 a: A well prepared land for soybean production Figure 208b: Two weeks old Jenguma plants at Nyankpala

3.1.5.3.3 Key Success Stories  With the support from WAAPP, three newly released soybean varieties (Afayak, Sondga and Soung- Pungun) have been well marketed to farmers and the seed companies. The varieties are now accepted by farmers because of their special qualities such as striga control, non-shattering and early maturity.

 Farmers and agricultural staff were trained on practical skills in Rhizobium inoculants handling and inoculation of soybean for planting. This improved their abilities to design, establish and interpret response to inoculants test in farmers’ fields. Farmers now apply inoculants to their seeds before planting especially on fields which have not been planted to soybean before and this help in N- fixation which leads to increase in yield.

 In the past season, enough quantities of Jenguma, Afayak, Songda, Quarshie, Soung-Pungun, Salintuya-I, and Salintuya-II breeder and foundation seeds were produced to meet the demand of seed companies/producers at various locations.  Development of a dual purpose high yielding variety (TGX 1844-22E) with a high oil and protein content, non-shattering of pods and high leaf output (soil fertility management and feed for animal) is under way. This variety will be released next year.  Prospects  There is an increase in demand for groundnut seeds: It is therefore important for the breeders to increase the breeder seed production and further multiply them to make the seeds readily available to Seed companies, NGO’s, Students, Universities, Scientist, MoFA, and farmers.

3.1.5.4 Groundnut Improvement Program

3.1.5.4.1 Key Activities planned  Carry out seed multiplication using the Botanga irrigation facility  Conduct Aflatoxin Resistance Trial (Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut)  Establish on-farm demonstration of 4 groundnut varieties in the three Northern regions.

Table 20: Characteristics of Some Groundnuts Varieties Planting Seed Days To Kernel Yeild Number of Variety Growth Habit Distance Colour Maturity (T/Ha) Maxi Bags/Acre Nkatie 30 X 15 Erect Brown 110 2.2 10 SARI cm 40 X Semi erect Brown & F-mix 120 2.5 11 20 cm (decumbent) Cream

3.1.5.4.2 Results: Outputs/Outcome  Two varieties of groundnuts were planted, Nkatie Sari and F.mix. The harvesting was done in May and the seeds given to selected farmers in Wungu and Wulugu in the West Mamprusi District and five farmers in Bontanga in the Kumbungu District.  The groundnut improvement program started the conduct of trials to ascertain the resistance of some varieties to aflatoxin contamination.  Hybridisation program; Introgression of various traits for high oleic, leaf spot and aflatoxin resistance, seed size, yield, earliness, and confection characteristics.

Table21: Gene Introgression Generation Cross Trait(S) For Introgression Reached Confectionery qualities, CHINESE X OBOSHIE F2 seed earliness Confectionery qualities, NAMA X OBOLO F2 seed earliness CHINESE X OBOLO Rosette resistance, yield F2 Seed OBOSHIE X NKATIE SARI Seed size, leaf spot resistance F1 seed Leaf spot resistance, earliness, CHINESE X GAF 1665 F1 Seed confectionery The F2 and F1 generations have been sent to LGC Genomics Limited in the UK and Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa (ILRI) for DNA sequencing in June, 2014.

Fig 29a: Technicians pollinating a groundnut plant Fig 29b: A farmer expressing delight at the performance of Nkatie Sari at Botanga 3.1.5.4.3 Challenges.  Lack of laboratory (seed and research) facilities therefore research is limited to field only.  Lack of mechanical planters, harvesters and seed processors for experimental plots and breeder seed fields; simple machinery needed to enhance quality and efficiency in research and seed production to meet the growing demand for improved seed by Private Sector.  Unsecured field: unable to leave crop on the field soon after maturity (for other studies) due to stray animals from surrounding villages. Support is needed to fence off an area for breeding activities.  Lack of irrigation facilities for research during long (8 months) dry season. Support is needed to establish a small irrigation facility.  Support is needed for basic laboratory and seed processing facilities.

3.1.5.5 Entomology Programme Title of Project: Increasing access to Frafra Potato Germplasm Diversity by Farmers and Breeders in Ghana Specific Objective(s)  Provide training and extension services on integrated crop and pests management strategies to Frafra potato growers  Deploy elite varieties to farmers to increase Frafra potato production  Collect and document Frafra potato in areas identified as geographical gaps in collection.  Develop database of Frafra potato germplasm  Multiply and evaluate Frafra potato varieties with farmer in a participatory manner.

3.1.5.5 Key Activities planned  Postharvest handling and storage of Frafra potato . Storage in evaporative cooler . Storage on straw lined shelves (Control) . Storage in millet glume on straw lined shelves . Storage in jute sack containing millet glume . Storage in jute sack containing rice straw . Storage in jute sack containing rice hull . Storage in bare jute sack (Control)  Postharvest handling evaluation: post harvest evaluation was carried out at Manga station. the focus was on the use of different crop residues as storage materials and also comparing storage in ordinary barn and in partial evaporative cooler. Some of the treatments are outlined above.

3.1.5.3.2 Results: Outputs/Outcome  Initial observations indicate that the partial evaporative cooler substantially extended the food quality of the Frafra potato by delaying sprouting of the tubers. This achievement will eventually translate into more income for the farmers because they can store their Frafra potato tubers after harvesting when prices are low and release to the market during the lean period when prices are high.

 The assessment of the traditional storage system of Frafra potato has revealed critical areas to be studied in order to extend the shelve-life of Frafra potato under farmers’ storage conditions.

3.1.5.4 Maize Improvement Programme

Specific Objective: To develop improved Maize varieties suitable for the agro-ecologies of Northern Ghana.

3.1.5.4 .1 Key Activities Undertaken

 Evaluate maize germplasm of various maturity groups across the various agro-ecologies of Northern Ghana for stable and high yields, tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress factors.  Maintain breeding of released varieties, parental lines of released hybrids and elite lines of maize.  Produce Breeder seed of maize  Train seed growers and seed company staff on hybrid maize seed production.

3.1.5.4 .2 Results/Outputs

 250 maize germplasm of various maturity groups with tolerance to drought and striga were evaluated across various agro-ecologies of northern Ghana.  Some Promising genotypes have been identified for on-farm testing.  Six (6) released varieties, parental lines of 5 hybrids and 45 elite lines have been maintained for breeder and foundation seed production and breeding activities of the Maize Section

Maintenance Breeding Fields in Nyankpala

Figure 29: breeder seed of released maize varieties produced to support on-farm activities and seed companies to produce foundation Seed

3.2 GENERATION AND ADOPTION OF DEMAND -DRIVEN ADAPTIVE RESEARCH 3.2.1 Directorate of Agricultural Extension Services (DAES) In order to scale-up the dissemination and adoption of improved technologies in priority agricultural commodity areas and thus, contribute to increasing agricultural productivity, the Directorate of Agricultural Extension Services (DAES) facilitated the implementation of activities that enabled farm families’ access to proven technologies and inputs for enhanced production, increased market access and boost their income levels. The Directorate during the period under review executed various activities both at the national, regional and district levels.

This WAAPP annual progress report portrays the activities undertaken, achievements, success stories, the challenges that affected the implementation of planned programme activities and recommendations made to improve effective implementation of the Directorate’s activities.

3.2.1.1 DAES Specific Objectives under WAAPP (2A)  Coordinate the organisation of annual RELC planning sessions at the regional levels to develop dissemination plans  Coordinate the establishment of community field demonstrations on released technologies responding to beneficiary needs  Develop efficient extension methodologies including Farmers Field Schools, Study tours for field officers and farmers, and Field Days;  Promote released technologies through various information systems and communications media to improve awareness of technologies and  Coordinate the organisation of participatory training on extension methodologies and released technologies for agricultural advisory service providers, including public extension services, NGOs, input providers, FBOs and other stakeholders.

3.2.1.2 Activities Planned  Organise Review meetings on 2013 Community with Regional officers, District Directors, District Agric. Officers from 7 regions  Organise Technical Workshop on development of curriculum for Farmer Field Schools (FFS) on cassava, sweetpotato and yam in collaboration with GIDA, CSIR-CRI  Support the establishment of community field demonstrations in 10 regions  Procure and construct ventilated Greenhouse system  Organise study tours for farmers and field officers  Prepare extension materials on good agricultural practices for dissemination to farmers and other stakeholders  Train Regional and District Officers on screening process, pesticide management, etc. in collaboration with EPA  Support Regional Officers to assist in technical backstopping and monitoring community field demonstrations  Produce Video documentary on good agricultural practices for yam, cassava, sweetpotato, chilli pepper, effective use of fertilizers and safe use of agro-chemicals in agricultural production.

3.2.1.3 Results: Outputs/Outcome Review meeting was organised to assess the performance and effect of the 232-community field demonstrations established in the 7 regions. Participants (Men – 42; Women-9) came from the WAAPP-PCU, National Directorates, regional office and Districts. Regional and District Officers knowledge upgraded on M&E Indicators; the establishment and sustenance of community field demonstrations; strengths and weaknesses were unearthed to chart the way forward for establishment of 2014 community field demonstrations;  Curriculum developed for cassava, yam, sweetpotato and cocoyam. Research Scientists, MoFA officers and farmers participated in this programme. Participants came from Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Volta and Western regions. FFS will be established on three (3) crops for example, cassava, sweetpotato and yam in nine (9) districts in seven (7) regions. See Appendix 1. A budget had been prepared for the conduct of the Farmers Field Schools to enhance dissemination and adoption of improved technologies.  83 districts had been supported to establish 400 (cassava-150; maize-149; rice-28; cowpea-32 and sweetpotato- 41) community field demonstrations in the 10 regions Appendix 2). 76

 DAES initiated plans to procure and construct ventilated Greenhouse system. This latest technology will be used to demonstrate to field officers, farmers, farmer groups, graduate youths and other stakeholders on all year round production of vegetables and other crops to ensure food security and improve livelihood of beneficiaries. Stevicksen Ghana Company Limited had been awarded the contract to procure and construct 5 ventilated greenhouse systems;  Organised 2 study tours to the Eastern (Jenifal Farms; Nana Amakye Farms) and Western (B- BOVID LTD; Ginafil Foods and Industries Ghana Ltd. and Agona Ahanta Market) regions for 110 (65 males: 45 women) farmers and field officers from 14 districts in 7 regions. Farmers and field officers knowledge enhanced through experiential learning and linked to potential markets in the regions;  The number of beneficiary farmers who participated in maize, cassava, sweetpotato, cowpea and rice demonstrations in the year under review was 18,079 involving 170 FBOs. This figure included 3,488 youths that is 20% of the total beneficiaries (See Appendix 3);  2,144 beneficiaries from institutions such as MoFA, Faith Based Organisations such as Methodist Church, Church of Pentecost, SDA Church, and Apostolic Church coupled with other institutions such as Ve Senior High School, Kpeve Research Station benefitted from these demonstration programmes (See Appendix 3);  12 Posters on the Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs), list of improved varieties and their use for commodities such as cassava, yam, sweetpotato and cocoyam had been developed for printing. Farmers and general public knowledge on GAPs on listed commodities would be improved to increase productivity, boost production and increased their income;  Four (4) video documentaries produced on Good Agricultural Practices for sweetpotato, cassava and chilli pepper coupled with safe use of pesticides. It is ready to be aired on GTV. Farmers and general public knowledge on GAPs on listed commodities would be improved to increase productivity;  83 Regional District Officers (72 males: 11 women) from 55 Districts in the 10 regions were trained on Environmental Impact Assessment and Pesticide Management. This planned activity was implemented in collaboration with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Regional and District Agriculture Officers knowledge on screening process and pesticide use and management had been improved;  Regional Directors of Agriculture and Regional Agriculture Officers (Extension) were financially supported to technically backstop and supervise the establishment of the community field demonstrations. This helped in ensuring successful implementation of these planned activities in the ten (10) regions.

3.2.1.4 Lessons learnt  Some of the districts practiced integrated soil management. They intercropped legumes such as cowpea with cassava to enhance soil fertility and conservation of soil moisture;  Intensification of the distribution of CSIR- Ampong, Bankyehemaa and CSIR-Sikabankye to farmers in the 7 southern regions. CSIR-Otuhia and CSIR-Bronibankye are being promoted in Greater Accra, Central and Eastern regions;  Farmers were convinced that the branching of cassava varieties at the lower level were able to control weeds;  Sweetpotato varieties such as orange flesh and Apomuden were promoted in the Upper East and Upper West regions to improve the nutritional requirement and health of children and adult population;  Certified maize varieties which are drought tolerant, for example Omankwa, Abontem, etc. were introduced to the farmers during the year under review;  Technologies disseminated in various districts included treating seeds with seed dresser before planting; timely application of fertilizer; minimum tillage: no slash and burn coupled with application of herbicide; use of Improved planting materials that are high yielding; soil fertility 77

management; soil conservation techniques for example planting along contours on hilly slopes; cultivation of maize on ridges (especially Kpone Katamanso district); integrated pest management; post-harvest handling of maize; correct plant spacing and population density and fire control techniques.

3.2.1.5 Success Stories  Institutions such as Ayensu Starch Company, Peki Senior High School, Fire Volunteers, etc. were supplied with planting materials for multiplication and cultivation. CSIR-Ampong has high starch content (˃22%) as indicated by Ayensu Starch Company, hence their desire to cultivate this improved cassava variety;  Effective collaboration between DAES and technical directorates – DCS, APD and PPRSD; WAAPP-PCU and CSIR-CRI in production extension materials;  Finalized 12 Posters on root and tuber varieties such as sweetpotato, yam, cassava and cocoyam.  The demonstrations were successful due to farmers’ involvement in decision making at all atages;  Farmers were willing to adopt good agricultural practices which will increase productivity and income.  Easy access to land especially in the Northern region;  Producers and processors had a chance to interact with the market women and other stakeholders during the study tours organised by DAES. The participants were informed about the quality of cassava the market women are interested in.

3.2.1.5 Challenges  Producers and buyers prefered cassava with pink skin especially, Cape Vars bankye, CSIR- Ampong among others;  Preference for poundable cassava varieties for example, Bankyehemaa, Cape Vars bankye, CSIR-Ampong, etc.;  Erratic rainfall affected establishment of field demonstration in some districts in Upper West region;  Some districts did perform abysmally with regard to site location, maintenance of the field, etc.;

3.2.1.6 Recommendations  It is envisaged that MOFA field officers would be trained on the use of the GPS equipment and others to accurately measure the demonstration fields;  Farmers should be technically assisted with equipment, for example motorized movable cassava graters to process their produce to enhance marketing of their products;  Support establishment of field demonstrations on yam early next year, especially within the first quarter;  Steps should be taken to supply all the 83 or more districts with GPS equipment, etc.

Table 22: Distribution of community demonstrations by regions and commodities for 2014. Number of Number of Demonstrations Region Total Districts Cassava Maize Rice Cowpea Sweetpotato Ashanti 15 30 27 3 0 0 60 Eastern 10 20 24 0 0 0 44 Western 9 20 18 3 0 0 41 Central 10 23 15 0 0 10 48 GAR 7 14 14 4 0 0 32 BAR 8 16 17 0 16 0 49 Volta 10 25 19 6 0 3 53

Northern 5 2 15 10 8 0 35 Upper East 4 0 0 2 8 13 23 Upper West 5 0 0 0 0 15 15 Grand Total 83 150 149 28 32 41 400

Figure 30: Vegetative Stage of the Crop Development On the Demo Field As At September,2014 and Grading of Harvested Yam into Sizes by Farmer At Sampa- Atebubu, Brong Ahafo

3.2.2 Directorate of Crop Services (DCS) The focus of DCS in sub component 3.3 was to accelerate the dissemination of generated technologies to farmers and other potential users along the value chain for adoption. DCS through the Agricultural stations and RADU/DADU collaborated with the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) and the Directorate of Agricultural Extension Services (DAES) to disseminate improved planting materials.

3.2.2.1 Implementing Agency (Specific Objectives-WAAPP)

 To facilitate primary and foundation multiplication of Root & Tuber, cereals and legumes planting materials at Agricultural Stations and selected Regional and District multiplication site.  To facilitate distribution of improved planting materials to farmers, farmer groups and cooperate private sector operators.  To provide technical support for establishment and management of demonstrations of crop technologies

3.2.2.2 Planned Activities The following activities were planned for the year under this component:  Facilitated the maintenance of planting materials for newly released crop varieties at Agricultural Stations and selected regional and district multiplication sites.  Facilitated the establishment of new primary multiplication sites for new varieties of roots and tuber and other crops.  Facilitated the establishment of 2ha yam mini sett technology  Monitored existing planting material multiplication plots/sites  Facilitated the development of production guides for R&T crops.

3.2.2.3 Results: Output/Outcome  60ha established fields for primary multiplication of cassava at the 5 agricultural stations in 2013 maintained and coppiced for private entrepreneurs, RADUs and DADUs.  21ha established fields in 2013 for secondary multiplication of cassava at the Regional and District levels maintained. 9ha coppiced from Ho West and Birim South to other districts and farmers. Supplied some districts, private farmers, individuals through the PCU with planting materials. 79

 133ha new fields for primary multiplication of cassava at the 5 agricultural stations (10ha established and maintained at Adidome training Institute and Ohawu Agric College).  30ha new fields for secondary multiplication of cassava established at the Regional and District levels maintained.  About 2 acres of yam mini sett technology established in Mampong and Wenchi. Yam setts (about 13,000) was obtained from CSIR-CRI. Some of the setts were destroyed as at the time of delivery.  20ha of dry cereals and legumes established (Maize – 8.5ha, Sorghum – 3.6ha, Groundnut – 7.1 and Cowpea - 0.8ha)  Two monitoring visits/backstopping were carried out to multiplication sites. Sites were compliant to procedures of material multiplication  Sweetpotato and Cocoyam guides have been produced and 1,400 copies of the documents printed. Final draft for yam has been produced. Document ready for final editing and subsequent printing.

3.2.2.4 Lessons learnt The Wenchi agricultural station and selected processors in Wenchi complained about the fibrous nature of Ampong whilst feedback from Mampong Agric station experienced rot in Sika Bankye.  Coppicing and harvesting cassava cuttings and roots between 10 and 12 months is prudent.  It is also laudable to plant new fields after coppicing. This is to study the trend of productivity of the various varieties and to check the problems of rot and woody roots.

3.2.2.5 Success Story • Two stations (Wenchi and Mampong) carried out the two node multiplication technology for field establishment and distribution to secondary and tertiary producers. • 484 Students (youth) in Adidome and Ohawu Institutes are seriously engaged in the cassava multiplication. Each student was given a workable size to manage as part of his or her training. • A total of 80,291.6 bundles of cassava planting materials was distributed to farmers and entrepreneurs to establish 2,007.29 acres as at October 2014.

3.2.2.6 Challenges The following challenges were experienced during the year under review: . Inadequate release of cassava breeder materials for primary multiplication. Only 4 acres of cassava breeder materials for primary multiplication was received. . Low level of commitment in the delivery and distribution of planting materials along the chain. . Reports from some districts and Agricultural Stations about the fibrous nature of the Ampong roots. As a result, the Ampong variety has been rejected by gari processors in Wenchi. . The Sika Bankye variety has difficulty with sprouting (especially when coppiced after a year) . Inadequate planting materials to meet high demands for cassava roots by both local and foreign companies for beer, starch, ethanol etc. . Commercialization of roots and tubers

Figure 31a: Primary multiplication materials at Mampong Agric Station Fig 31b: Pre-sprouted 2-node material- Wenchi Agric Station

3.2.2.7 Way Forward: • The channels for dissemination and distribution of planting materials should be strengthened. • The need for soil testing to ascertain its impact on yield and quality of produce • The multiplication and coppicing of Ampong and Sika Bankye should not go beyond 12 months • Ohawu Agric College and Adidome Farm Institute should be considered in the Guinea Fowl project • An analysis of the starch content of Ampong should be conducted as another area for commercialization. • Need for regular stakeholders meeting in the R&T industry

3.2.2.8 Opportunity  High demand for cassava roots and related products by various institutions (local and international)  WAAPP supported the release of Agra rice variety and facilitated the distribution of 20 tons certified seed to 1,000 farmers in selected zones (Northern, Ashanti, and Brong Ahafo regions) as “starter pack” as a way of introducing the variety into rice-based systems. A “starter pack” of 20kg each has been supplied to each farmer during the 2014 cropping season.

Figure 32: Launching and distribution of WAAPP/Agra Rice varieties to Beneficiaries by the Hon. Deputy Minister (Crops)

Figure 33: A farmer weeding his AGRA rice field, Tamale

3.2.3 Animal Production Directorate (APD) Animal Production Directorate is an implementer of West Africa Agriculture Productivity Programme 2A (WAAPP 2A). The Directorate aims at promoting the development of livestock in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner to increase productivity and income for both men and women farmers. Under the programme, the Directorate in collaboration with Animal Research Institute of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research is charged with the implementation of the Livestock component which entails Guinea fowl production in the three regions in the North and Small ruminant production in Central, Western and Eastern regions of Ghana.

3.2.3.1 Guinea fowl Initiative Poultry (i.e. meat and eggs) is a conventional protein source in Ghana for many years. Local birds comprises domestic chicken, guinea fowls, ducks and turkeys. In Ghana, more attention has traditionally been paid to the domestic fowl than the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). These local birds are found in the rural and peri-urban areas. On average, 80% of households keep between 10- 15 birds for eggs, meat and cash. They are a resilient group of birds that thrive varied environmental conditions. Additionally, they require little investment because of their feeding habits. Thus, depending on green vegetation, and insects around dwelling places, with very low supplementation in most cases. They are dual purpose for both egg and meat production. In spite of the advantages above, guinea fowl production is saddled with some constraints such as poor hatchability, lack of prophylactic treatment such as vaccination and deworming, predator attacks (Snakes preying on fertile eggs and keets). Thus, guinea fowl production has not received enough attention and the needed support for increased productivity and production.

3.2.3.2.1 Activities Planned • Train and equip farmers with 40 incubators and 40 electric generators in the three Northern regions to serve as out-growers to supply keets to other farmers. • Sign Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between APD and beneficiary farmers to recover 50% of the cost of the equipment given as support. • Supply of guinea fowl eggs, feed, doses of Gumboro disease vaccine, Thermostable ND1-2 vaccine, Fowl pox vaccine, poultry dewormer, and Antibiotic/vitamin drug to 80 beneficiary farmers as start-up capital to commence production. • Monitor for trial of the Incubators supplied to beneficiary farmers and inspect Guinea Fowl Breeding and Demonstration Center at Pong Tamale Livestock Breeding Station • Develop and print 3,000 record cards for health, hatchery and daily stock for distribution to beneficiary farmers.

3.2.3.2.2 Key Results: Output/Outcome

• 40 farmers in the three regions of the North were trained and equipped with 40 Incubators, 40 Electric generators (as energy back up) to serve as out grower farmers for supply of keets to other farmers. • Memorandum of Understanding was signed between APD and beneficiary farmers to recover 50% of the cost of the equipment given as support. Funds recovered will be used to procure more incubators for some other farmers. • 80 beneficiary farmers (40 incubator operators and 40 partners) of the guinea fowl project were supplied 40,000 guinea fowl eggs, 9.0MTof feed, 32,000 doses of Gumboro disease vaccine, 64,000 doses of Thermostable NDI-2 Newcastle disease vaccine, 64,000 doses of Fowl pox vaccine, 10kgs of Poultry dewormer, and 100kgs of Antibiotic/vitamins as start- up capital to commence production. • Monitoring visits were conducted to the 40 project districts in Upper West/East and Northern regions. Egg hatchability by 34 farmers ranged between 8%- 80%. See table below for breakdown.

• Table 23:Hatchability rate in UE/UW regions Number of farmers Percent range 8 60-80 19 39-59 5 18-38 2 8-17

• Co-opted a Guinea Fowl Breeding and Demonstration Center at Pong Tamale Livestock Breeding Station facility, established by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for training and supply of guinea fowl eggs/keet after inspection and recommendation by staff of APD. • 3000 copies of Health performance Record Cards, Hatchery and Daily stock returns were developed and printed for distribution to beneficiary farmers. • A baseline study on Guinea fowl production along the value chain, which commenced in 2013, was completed in the course of the year. The report has been validated and ready for publishing.

3.2.3.3 Small ruminant Initiative Sheep and goat production is suited for all the ecological zones of the country. However, the growth of the industry is constrained by inadequate improved breeding stock, poor nutrition, high disease incidence, and high cost of capital. Notwithstanding this, recent developments in the industry indicate that the country has potential to increase off-take levels and produce good quality meat to satisfy a greater part of the nation’s animal protein requirement. Small ruminant (sheep and goats) production is an economic way of providing animal protein in view of their short generation interval, higher prolificacy and lower production cost. They also have advantage over monogastric animals (pigs and poultry), since they do not compete with humans for grains. As ruminants, sheep and goats require simple shelters and subsist satisfactorily on inexpensive feed such as roughage. Against these background, the Livestock component of WAAPP 2A is implemented with the under stated objective of generating and disseminating appropriate technologies for adoption.

3.2.3.3.1 Activities Planned • Distribute starter stock of 5 animals to 15 districts in Northern, Upper East and West regions under the Credit in kind scheme. • Inspect and validate beneficiary farmers’ pens to meet set criteria

• Develop and print at least 5,000 copies of small ruminant production guide as training and/or reference manual for good animal husbandry practices. • Sign a contract for the supply of 550 Small ruminants to beneficiary farmers and Kintampo Goat breeding Station. • Establish Cajanus cajan, and each of Stylosantes hamate and Cynodon nlemfuensis at the Kintampo Goat Breeding Station. • Train Livestock Officers and selected farmers from the three regions and districts in small ruminant production, pasture development, and preservation and utilization of agro byproducts as feed. • Develop and print at least 2,000 record cards for health and daily stock for distribution to

3.2.3.3.2 Key Results: Output/Outcome  90 (50% females) farmers were selected from 15 districts of the Eastern, Central and Western regions for a Credit in kind scheme which offers each farmer 5 animals (4 female and 1male) of superior breeding quality. • Inspected and validated beneficiary farmers’ pens to ascertain their commitment. • Developed and printed 5000 copies of Small Ruminant Production Guide as a reference material and for training in good animal husbandry practices for distribution to Livestock Officers, Agricultural Extension Agents and farmers. • Signed a contract for the supply of 550 genetically superior stock of Small ruminants (190 goats 260 sheep) to equip beneficiary farmers and Kintampo Goat breeding Station. The animals were delivered. Out of the number stated above, 450 were distributed to 90 (50% females) farmers in 15 districts in Eastern, Central and Western regions. 100 goats have been kept at the Station for development and multiplication.

• 10 hectares of pasture was developed consisting of 4ha each of Cajanus cajan and Panicum minimum and 1 ha each of Stylosantes hamate and Cynodon nlemfuensis to feed 100 goats. These animals are meant for future expansion of the scheme after the expiration of the project. • 90 small ruminant beneficiary farmers were trained in Pasture development and supported with 300 kgs of Cajanus cajan and 225 kgs of Stylosanthes hamate seeds to establish fodder bank as feed buffer for their animals. • Trained 20 Livestock Officers from the beneficiary regions and districts in Small ruminant production and Preservation/Utilization of agro byproducts. • Also 2000 copies of Record Cards for Health and Daily stock returns were printed for distribution to beneficiary farmers. (Refer to annexe2 for pictures)

3.2.3.4 Success Stories

Guinea fowl  About 85% of the Incubator operators were able to hatch eggs with the incubators supplied to them.

Small Ruminants • The small ruminants supplied to farmers have started lambing/kidding. So far Nine (9) have lambed. • Small ruminant beneficiary farmers are adopting technologies introduced to them so well that 46 non beneficiary farmers have also adopted technologies such as Supplementary feeding, Proper housing and Dipping of their animals against ecto-parasites.

3.2.3.5 Challenges 84

Guinea fowl  Some field officers have not shown much interest by way of visiting farmers to know how they are faring with the operation of the incubators.  Some of the guinea fowl farmers are finding it difficult to determine the relative humidity in the incubators. Such farmers normally experience low hatchability and stand the risk of loosing all their eggs.  Some farmers are faced with the challenge of brooding large numbers of keet

3.2.3.6 Way forward • Retrain guinea fowl beneficiary farmers in Incubator handling and Brooding management • Fit Incubators with hygrometers to help the farmers determine the relative humidity at any point in time.  Support field Officers with quarterly fuel/transport allowance to enable them visit and offer technical assistance to the farmers.

Figure 33: Setting of guinea fowl eggs by Beneficiary farmers and testing of incubators

Figure 34: Left: 3-week-older guinea keets being bred-Nyampkala, Right: Farmer at Jirapa admiring his stock

3.2.4 Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA) The mandate of GIDA is to promote the development of land and water resources for agricultural purposes such as crop production, livestock watering, and aquaculture in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. It functions therefore, to formulate, develop and implement irrigation and drainage plans for all year-round agricultural production in Ghana. Strengthening water development and technology transfer in the country will not only boost irrigated agricultural production, but will also increase productivity by 25% and intensity by 50% from the current status of 150 % to 225% by 2015. GIDA’s framework is to provide technical and managerial services for effectiveness, sustainable operations and maintenance. The authority also develops strategies to disseminate adaptive irrigation technologies through MoFA Technical Staff. 85

3.2.4 .1 Activities Planned and Outputs

 Conduct participatory demos with low head gravity drip (LHGD) on 7 GIDA schemes across the country  Conduct comparative participatory demonstrations with semi-california systems, gravity drip & gravity furrow systems on 2 GIDA schemes in southern Ghana.  Conduct participatory Demonstrations/FFSs with sprinkler and gravity drip systems using tomatoes as test crops at 2 GIDA sites at Ada and Daphnia.  Conduct participatory demos using gravity furrow, sprinkler and drip irrigation with leafy vegetables as test crops in FFSs on 5 GIDA sites in the dry season in Ghana.  Conduct Demos with Envirodome Green House at Dawhenya  Conduct farmer sensitization meetings for dry season vegetable selection and cultivation on 4 GIDA schemes  Install 6 units of Solar Dryers for Women Groups at 6 GIDA sites across the country.

3.2.4 .2 Key Results: Outputs/Outcomes  Low Head Gravity Drip (LHGD) systems installed and demos conducted on 4 schemes (Ada, Afiadenyigba, Kpando-Torkor, Ashaiman ). 5 out of 7 Installed (71%) with 57% cropping intensity. Demo yet to start at Torgorme

 Participatory demos/ FFSs using gravity furrow, sprinkler and drip irrigation successfully conducted on 4 GIDA schemes (Bontanga, Baare and Sankana) in Northern sector and Dawhenya in the south. Demos compared Improved practice (IP) with Farmers Practice (FP) on 5 leafy vegetables. Demonstrations at Baare, the Innovation Platforms (IPs) out yielded the FP by 27%; Sankana, 25% and Bontanga, 17%.

 As at December 2014, 5 out of 7 gravity drips (71%), 1 of 2 Semi California (50%) have been installed and under operation. The remaining 2 LHGD and 1 Semi-California systems would be installed by early February 2014. Demos with the Envirodome Loop Drip system with Tomato recorded 100% achievement. The Spray Tube Irrigation (STI) recorded only 30% due to some initial procurement/installation challenges.

 Yield analysis conducted in 6-greenhouse for different varieties. Yields of 25.8 tons/ha and 23.6 tons/ha recorded for Nkansah & Mariana respectively. (Higher yields could be obtained from timely & better pruning practices).

 Conducted 6 demonstrations on leafy vegetables and tomatoes with farmer groups in FFSs on 6 GIDA schemes under gravity and sprinkler systems and supported interested farmers with chilli pepper seed after FFS training to continue production.  About 100 farmers sensitized on 4 GIDA schemes (Ada, Dodoekope, Kpando-Torkor and Dawa)  Demos on leafy vegetables and tomatoes were conducted at the 7 GIDA (100%) sites. Demos and multiplication of sweet potato leaves were conducted only at Ashaiman, Dawhenya and Sankana. Demos on cocoyam leaves could not start due to lack of planting material. Installed and operated 3 gravity drips as energy saving systems for tomato, pepper, onions and leafy vegetables.  Solar dryers Installed at 6 GIDA Sites (Ada, Ashaiman, Weija, Kpando-Torkor, Akumadan) and Subinja and women groups sensitized on dryers and group formation. About 150 farmers to use facilities in participatory demos using GENDER Based FFSs.

Figure 35a: Transplanting Tomato with the Loop gravity drip at Dawhenya. Figure 35b: Envirodome Greenhouse with 7 top ventilation points at Dawhenya-271 m2

Figure 35c: Participants observing growth of tomato at vegetative stage

Table 24.: Irrigation Schemes and Area under Cultivation Area No. Beneficiaries Region Irrigation Scheme No. (Ha) December 2014 Greater Accra Weija, Ada, Ashaiman, Dawhenya 4 1.8 125 Ave-Afiadenyigba, Koloe-Dayi, Kpando- Volta 5 2.4 110 Torkor, Dodoekope, Torgorme. Brong Ahafo Subinja 1 0.2 25 Northern Bontanga 1 0.2 25 Upper East Baare 1 0.2 25 Upper West Sankana 1 0.2 25 Ashanti Akumadan 1 2 - Total 14 5.2 335 (17%)

3.2.4.3 Some Success Stories  The installed low head gravity drip systems have really conserved water for pumping at Ave- Afiadenyigba and Dawhenya demonstrations sites.  Promoting dry season leafy vegetable production under gravity irrigation particularly at Bontanga, Baare and Sankana was very successful with 25 farmers benefiting from the itntervention.  Some positive signals from chili pepper demonstration showed i) good harvest from Demon (volumes) for export ii) as income earner and iii) whipped up farmers’ interest to acquire seed for dry season cultivation.

3.2.4.4 Challenges 87

 Tomato demonstrated at Ada and Dawhenya did not produce fruits possibly due to the high night temperatures above 25 oC and resulted in flower drop.  Some delays in verifying irrigation system designs prior to installation  Lack of Heat Tolerant varieties  High cost of Chili Pepper Seeds discouraged potential farmers.

3.2.4.5 Way Forward - Recommendations  More dedicated GIDA staff to hasten designs and installation of energy saving irrigation systems.  Urgent need to import adequate quantities of tomato seed for the dry season cropping.  More reliable exporters/ markets must be identified by GIDA to accommodate larger volumes of produce at all times.  A stronger and newer vehicle is needed to extend the WAAPP activities into the transition and Northern regions of Ghana. 3.3 ACCESS TO IMPROVED GENETIC MATERIALS Sub component 3.3 per the project design, is being managed by PCU on contractual basis. This is to ensure that sufficient quantities of improved genetic materials are made available to producers. Pursuance of this goal, broader stakeholders were engaged to undertake large-scale establishment of improved plant genetic materials’ fields. Added to funding primary multiplication of root and tuber crops, the project facilitated the release of CSIR-AGRA Rice variety. This variety has been launched and is to be promoted. PCU also support the production of soybean, groundnuts and cowpea. 3.3.1 Specific objective The specific objective of sub component 3.3 is to facilitate access to improved genetic materials. 3.3.2 Key Activities Planned The following activities were planned during the reporting period;  Partner with private individuals (seed growers) in 14 districts in five regions to establish cassava, sweet potato, cocoyam, groundnut and rice seed fields.  Supply three (3) cocoyam varieties to three districts (Sekeyere Kumanwu, Assin Fosu and Sunyani West) and Grains and Legumes Development Board for multiplication to ensure that planting materials are available for distribution to tertiary farmers in the next cropping season.  Organize a training workshop for 110 MoFA field staff in rapid multiplication technique using the 2-node cuttings to boost the number and area of secondary and tertiary fields.  Monitor progress of implementation of activities in targeted districts and report

25 22

20 12 15 17

10 6 4 2 6

5 4 4 1

Volta

Ashanti

Eastern

Central Central

Western

Northern

Upper EastUpper

Upper West Upper Brong Brong Ahafo Greater AccraGreater Figure 36. Number of MMDAs that participated in planting materials multiplication

Table 25. Summary of crop germplasm established per region Region Commodity Area (Ha) Ashanti Cassava & Cocoyam 398.4 Brong Ahafo Cassava & Cocoyam 378.4 Central Cassava 42 Eastern Cassava 70.8 Greater Accra Cassava & rice 117.2 Cassava, yam, rice, cowpea & Northern 176.6 soybean Upper East Sweetpotato & rice 61 Upper West Sweetpotato, yam, cassava & rice 33.2 Volta Cassava 336.2 Western Cassava 118.8 GLDB Cocoyam, Cassava & cowpea 11 Total 1743.6

Table 26 Tertiary beneficiaries per commodity and area cultivated Item description Area (Ha) Remarks Tertiary/promotional Beneficiaries Cassava 447.4 1037

CSIR AGRA-rice 532.4 1331 Drought Tolerant Maize of Africa (DTMA) 20 50 Grand total 979.8 2,418

Figure 37: TTL and Technical Expert inspecting the field-Ejura

Figure 38: Field Workers of SPARKX GH Ltd at work Multiplication site at Fakawa, Ejura in the Ashanti region

3.2.3.3 Results: Output/Outcome  PCU collaborated with Directors of 78 MMDAs and private individuals and companies in 10 regions to establish cassava, sweet potato, cocoyam, and groundnut, soybean and rice seed fields.

 A total of 1,743.6ha were planted to improved crop seed fields (improved crop germplasm as seed materials). See Table 25 for breakdown. A total of 1,704 individuals established seed fields whilst 2,418 farmers planted 979.8ha with improved crop varieties. The youth represented 43% of all beneficiaries. A few districts have adopted the 2-node multiplication technique to increase planting materials.  As a strategy to address the low multiplication ratios characteristic of vegetatively propagated materials and wastage by farmers, a training workshop was organized for 110 MoFA field staff in rapid multiplication technique using the 2-node cuttings to boost the number and area of secondary and tertiary fields.

 So far, 979.8ha have been cultivated with improved crop varieties benefitting 2,418 individuals from only four districts (confer Table 26). Four districts have adopted the rapid multiplication technique for secondary and tertiary producers. It is anticipated that many more districts will pickup the technology.  In order to facilitate private sector involvement, PCU partnered with Cassava Alcohol Technology (CALTECH) to establish 100ha, SPARKX Ghana Ltd (240ha) and other private individuals in 14 districts in five regions to establish cassava, sweet potato, cocoyam, groundnut and rice seed fields.

 For the first time, three cocoyam varieties were supplied to Sekeyere Kumanwu, Assin Fosu and Sunyani West, and Grains and Legumes Development Board for multiplication. Generated materials from these districts will be distributed for tertiary production.

 A training workshop was organized for 110 MoFA field staff in rapid multiplication technique using the 2-node cuttings to boost the number and area of secondary and tertiary fields. The idea was to come up with a strategy to address the low multiplication ratios characteristic of vegetatively propagated materials and wastage by farmers.  PCU also partnered CALTECH to initiate cassava tissue culture.

Figure 39: “A Bird’s Eye-view” of a 7 ha Multiplication Field at Koloenu, Afadzato South-Volta Region (left) and 12 ha seed field at Nsoatare in Sunyani West Municipality (right) established in 2014.

Figure 40: An 8ha cassava multiplication field (Ampong and sikabankye) located at Nchiraa in the Wenchi municipality- established in 2014.

3.2.3.4 Challenges  Access to land is a major challenge in Accra and Kumasi.  The option of tissue culturing cocoyam as a way of increasing availability is being hampered by contamination. Nonetheless, this option is pursued.  Although the rapid multiplication technique can increase planting materials’ availability, it requires sufficient soil moisture before planting.  Manual labour is required to control weeds because new sprouts are usually small and prone to damage. Weed management therefore, poses a major challenge particularly in areas where manual labour is scarce. This is evident on large-scale seed fields.

3.2.3.4 Way forward  PCU will continue with the seed multiplication drive in addition to the promotion of existing technologies.

Figure 41: WAAPP Team inspecting the operations of the Mechanical Cassava Harvester at CALTECH, Hodzo-Ho

COMPONENT 4: PROJECT COORDINATION UNIT (PCU) Component four is the Project Coordination Unit. During the year under review, the PCU facilitated the organization of a Technology Dissemination Strategy workshop and the launching of the e-Agriculture Sensitization programme. The unit also organized Four (4) project management meetings and two (2) National Steering Committee (NSC) meeting and participated in two (2) Wrap–up and Regional Steering Committee meetings in Togo and Senegal. In addition, the PCU hosted six (6) countries on study tour comprising Gambia, Niger, Sierra Leone, Cote D’Ivoire, Togo and Niger and participated in Agricultural Fair in Cape Verde. The PCU also supported Hormeku Engineering Works to participate in an exchange programme in China. The unit facilitated the rehabilitation of Three (3) Agriculture Stations (Wenchi, Pkeve and Babile) and upgraded three MoFA Resource centres to host the e-Agricultural platforms in the Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. The unit also facilitated the establishment of commercial planting material multiplication in collaboration with the regional and district directorates of agriculture. The M&E unit intensified monitoring activities of key implementing partners in all the 10 regions to update the WAAPP database and result framework. Furthermore, the unit facilitated the disbursement of funds to all implementing units.

4.1 Implementation Support Mission, Wrap–up and Regional Steering Committee Meetings Two (2) each of Implementation Support Missions (ISM), wrap–up and Regional Steering Committee meetings were held during the year under review. These meetings were follow-ups to the joint World Bank/CORAF and Government of Ghana (GOG) Implementation Support Missions to provide input or recommendations to speed up project implementation and disbursement. Wrap up meetings were held in Lome, Togo and Salley, Senegal, from 17-21 November 2014 to validate findings of the Support and Supervision Missions. The meetings also afforded participating countries to share countries’ experiences with one another for enhanced performance. At the end of the Mission, an Aide Memoire was submitted outlining some recommendations for the attention of the project. Some of the recommendations were: Key amongst the recommendations for WAAPP Ghana included: embark on mass production of cassava planting material and establish at least 10ha each of cassava planting material multiplication fields in all cassava-growing districts countrywide. Also, the NCOS should organize a Regional Planning Session involving other countries. Expedite the completion of the rehabilitation of the Agricultural Stations and their conversion into technology transfer centres. Notable amongst the recommendation was the need to engage the services of a consultant to immediately undertake environmental assessment for all ongoing rehabilitation and construction works at the National Agricultural Stations. Furthermore, prepare Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and mitigation plans including that for safe disposal of asbestos materials for the Bank’s review. Install signpost for contracts awarded with relevant specifications at all sites. Ghana was rated Moderately Satisfactory (MS) in the 1st Wrap 92 up but made substantial progress to be rated satisfactory in the 2nd wrap up meeting in Salley, Senegal. Refer annex 2 for key recommendations. 4.2. National Steering Committee Meeting Two (2) National Steering Committee Meetings were held in 2014. The first National Steering Committee meeting was held from 18 – 19 June 2014 in Tamale, Northern Region, to review progress of work and make recommendations for improvement. The Committee also used the occasion to launch a national WAAPP initiative for enhanced access to quality rice seed and promotion of CSIR-AGRA Rice in June 2014. Amongst the major recommendations were to ensure rapid expenditure returns to help improve disbursement rate and to develop a 4-year procurement plan. The second meeting was held in Accra between 21-22 October 2014 to review and approve the 2015 Annual Workplan and Budget (AWPB). 4.3 Programme Management Committee (PMC) Meeting Three (3) PMC meetings were organized during the year under review. The first PMC meeting for the year was held from 10 – 13 June 2014 at Koforidua, Eastern Region. The meeting reviewed progress of work of all Implementing Agencies, identified challenges and made recommendations for improvement. Major recommendation was the need for timely submission of financial reports to enhance the disbursement rate of the country. The second and third Programme Management Committee Meeting took place in Koforidua. The objective of the meetings was a review of the Project’s performance and the way forward. Key amongst the recommendations was the need to facilitate the rapid submission of expenditure returns and rapid implementation of planned activities to increase the programme’s beneficiary base.

Figure 42: WAAPP PMC Team in a performance review in Koforidua

4.4 Technology Dissemination Strategy Workshop A Technology Dissemination workshop was held at Ejisu, Kumasi from 10 – 13 February 2014. The aim of the workshop was to identify proven technologies generated under WAAPP 1 and facilitate their speedy dissemination. The workshop was opened by the Hon. Minister of Food and Agriculture, Hon. Clement Kofi Humado, with a call on stakeholders to disseminate technologies that would enhance agricultural productivity in the country.

Fig 43: Hon. Minister of Food and Agriculture and other Key dignitaries present at the Launching

Some of the key recommendations included;  To successfully implement the dissemination strategy, all relevant stakeholders should be brought on board and with specified roles spelt out.  WAAPP should build synergies and adopt success stories from other projects in relation to dissemination of technology. E.g. Root and Tuber Improvement and Marketing Programme (RTIMP).  There is the need for prioritization of the project technologies and PCU must ensure that the necessary steps are taken for effective implementation. Thus all activities should run throughout the project’s span.  Soil Research Institute (SRI) must be ready to share all relevant information on soils with the WAAPP.  The key stakeholders (Research and Extension) should collaborate for successful dissemination of technologies.

4.5 e-Agriculture Sensitization Workshop The e-Agriculture programme was launched to cover all the ten regions in three zones between February and March 2014 in Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. The objective of the platform was to provide affordable, prompt and efficient agricultural service delivery through the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT). Currently, about 350,000 subscribers have accessed the platform on test-run following short period of advertisement of which 38,000 are active members.

Fig 44: Launching of e-Agriculture by the Hon. Deputy Minister (crops)

Right: Task Team leader (TTL) and WAAPP Coordinator inspecting the newly rehabilitated e-Agriculture facility at the MoFA Resource Centre for hosting the eAgric Call Centre

4.5.1 Brief on e-Agricultural Platform  e-Field-extension: Is the use of smart phone by extension officers to disseminate good farming technology to the farmers, collect farmer/Farms geo/bio data and disease monitoring on the field to boost accurate and prompt response to field needs and early control system to safeguard food security . So far, 200 Extension Officers have been used for the pilot in 10 districts and the number will be increased to over 1000 officers in the next twenty-four months. This is to boost and monitor activities of extension officers on the field.

 e- Farm information (Farmer Audio library): This is the use of farmers’ standard mobile phones to call for free on content (currently best farm practices for cassava, yam ,cocoyam, rice and maize) in their local languages (in Ga, Twi, Dagbani, Frafra, Ewe and Nzema) at anytime and anywhere. We currently have over 380,000 farmers on this platform and can reach more over the next few months 94

 Farm audio Messaging: This service provide farmers with notifications of weather conditions, fertilizer, and market access information to specific markets, buyers alerts and extension officer messaging alerts instead of SMS since most farmers cannot read.

 Call Centre: This is located at the Resource center in Accra. It provides live toll free Multi lingual call center linking farmers directly through a standard phone call to Subject Matter Specialist (SMS) and virtual meetings to solve large outreach constraints from a distance. This promotes direct access to specialist support without any travels and providing timely support services for farmers

 E-Learning and resource centre: The resource centre shall serve as farmer information and technology training centre to promote the youth to go into agriculture. There are three resource centres which are situated in Tamale, Kumasi and Accra. Some of the training modules at these centres’ are - Farm accountancy - Business plan presentation - Web access services - Cash flow - Model Farms and plots developed for demonstration purposes.

 Web portal: Web portal for the publishing of new best farming technologies and innovation, service providers in the agricultural sector, projects and procurements, donors and activities in the country.

 Call Discounts: MTN has discounted by up to 60% on calls when farmers call their colleague farmers or when farmers call agri related businesses including buyers

 E-agriculture is in Ghana providing the first-ever farmer to extension and support services ratio of One Is To One (1:1), which beats the world acceptable standard of one is to thousand (1:1000) for which Ghana was estimated initially to have1: 1700. Nigeria, La Cote D’ivoire Benin and other West African countries have adopted Ghana’s e-agriculture concept.

 Currently the MoFA conference Centre in Accra has been fully rehabilitated with a standby generator to host the e-Agricultural platform. Two other centres are being established in the middle zone (Kumasi) and Northern Zone (Tamale).

Figure 45: Handing over of rehabilitated MoFA Conference Centre which hosts the e-Agricultural platform

4.6 Study Tours During the period under review, two countries namely WAAPP Gambia and Niger, undertook study tours to Ghana to learn from the Ghana experience and success stories. WAAPP Gambia visited the Veterinary Laboratory to learn about the production and administration of the NDI-2 vaccine in the control of New Castle Disease (NCD) in rural poultry.

The six-man Team also visited Asutuare, Volta Region, and interacted with a women’s poultry group. In the end, the Team procured 700,000 doses of the vaccine. WAAPP Niger also visited the Veterinary Laboratory and signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the exchange of Laboratory Technicians between the two countries in the production of the NDI-2 vaccine. Niger also procured an additional two million doses of the vaccine. WAAPP Ghana supported an official of Hormeku Engineering Works; an equipment fabrication company in Accra to China from 4 – 14 June 2014 for an exchange visit to China Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS). The objective of the visit was to learn from CAAS experience in up-scaling innovative technologies along the agricultural value chain and also to establish linkages with Chinese Agricultural Institutions for technical collaboration. In all, 46 participants from West, East and Southern Africa participated. Major recommendations made at the end of the visit included the need for Ghana to collaborate with China in the application of ICT Technology to empower farmers to access technical and market information and to assist local fabricators to acquire modern tools to produce farming equipment such as transplanters, seeders, harvesters, etc. A 7 member team from Ghana visited India to understudy the Technology Transfer Concept while a group of Scientist also visited Brazil on study tour 4.7 Exhibition A three-man delegation from WAAPP Ghana participated in the second edition of the International Fair of Agribusiness at Praia City, Santiago Island, Cape Verde, from 2 – 4 May 2014. The theme for the exhibition was “Promoting Research and Innovations in Family Farming”. The purpose of the fair was to stimulate promotion in innovations and the generation of technologies for improved family farming. About 100 exhibitors from Brazil, Portugal, Argentina, Spain etc. attended. WAAPP Ghana and Mali as well as CORAF participated. A major outcome of the exhibition was that the National Institute of Agricultural Research and Development (INIDA) of Cape Verde expressed the desire to collaborate with WAAPP Ghana for research and technology transfer especially for improved cassava and sweet potato varieties and processing technologies of bakery and pastry products for cassava and sweet potato. WAAPP Ghana exhibited processed food products from root and tubers. A second exhibition was held at the Kofi Annan ICT Centre in Accra from 19-21 August 2014 for more than 300 youth during an Entrepreneural Training Workshop in Agribusiness. The exhibition and training workshop was collaboration between WAAPP Ghana and the DAIN Network of Washington D.C., USA. A significant outcome of the exhibition was that more than 100 youth contacted project management to express interest in taking up some technologies in cassava and guinea fowl production as well as vegetable production. 4.8 Monitoring and Evaluation Activities A number of key M &E activities were undertaken to track the performance of implementing partners and to update the result framework. WAAPP-2A is expected to meet a target of 250,000 beneficiaries in Ghana at the end of year 2 (2014), of which 40 percent of the beneficiaries are projected to be women. The Project Development Objective (PDO) further expects Ghana to reach a total number of 50,000 beneficiaries to be using technologies generated by other countries in the first year; generate 13 new technologies with at least 15% productivity increase over the control; reach at least 60% of producers with knowledge of technologies generated/released by the Project in the second year; put a total of 200,000ha under new technologies in the 2nd year of phase 2 and last but not the least reach 150,000 processors/ producers who have adopted at least one new technology at the end of 2014. Refer table 27 96 for the results of global performance of the project development objective.

Activities undertaken by the M&E unit included but not limited to the facilitation of the conduct of a baseline survey for WAAPP 2A; establishment of a Web-based M&E system; mapping of WAAPP project interventions areas, field monitoring activities to a number of Implementing Agencies/districts, and organization of M&E training workshops amongst others.

Table 27: PDO- Global Performance (Cumulative) Criteria Targets Period Result % change PDO level Indicators (Sept.2013/2014) 13-Sep 125,000 178,334 142.66 Project direct beneficiaries 14-May 250,000 225,236 90.09 Oct-14 250,000 328,658 131.46 13-Sep 25,000 642 2.6 Beneficiaries using tech (other 14-May 50,000 1,542 3.08 Countries) Oct-14 50,000 53,811 107.62 13-Sep 12 19 158.8 Tech. with at least 15% 14-May 13 19 146.15 productivity increase Oct-14 13 19 146.15 13-Sep 40% 30% 75 Producers with Knowledge of 14-May 60% 40% 66.66 Technology Oct-14 60% 40% 66.66 13-Sep 135,000 85,167 63.08 Area under new technology 14-May 200,000 103,282 51.64 Oct-14 200,000 127,277 63.64 13-Sep 60,000 71,222 118.7 Processor/Producers adopting 14-May 150,000 84,143 56.95 at least one (1) technology Oct-14 150,000 130,706 87.13

4.8.1 M&E Activities The M&E unit monitored the activities of key implementing partners/districts in 10 regions (143 districts) and data collected fed into the Result framework. The unit submitted semi-annual and annual reports to CoRAF, MoFA etc. Furthermore, to facilitate effective and objective monitoring of ongoing projects, such as commercial/community demonstration, on-station and on-farm research fields, the unit continued with the integration of GIS mapping to generate relevant GPS data on locations of farms, crop type, area cultivated, bio data of beneficiaries etc. About 984 farms have so far been mapped during a reconnaissance survey conducted to capture GPS Coordinates (locations), biodata, area, and crop type for Mapping. The activity is ongoing and mapped field are being plotted on the Map of Ghana. The unit facilitated the conduct of baseline studies for WAAPP 2A and draft report is available for dissemination and comments. The computerized web-based M&E system for Ghana is currently 80% complete and due to be handed over by December 2014. In a bid to generate more data from the grassroots and have access to timely and realistic data, the M&E unit has involved the services of 10 regional M&E Officers, to support in monitoring and collection of basic data to feed WAAPP database and the result framework.

4.8.1.1 Baseline Survey for WAAPP 2A Following the approval of WAAPP 2A, an independent consulting firm was recruited to conduct a baseline study. The development objectives of WAAPP 2A are to scale-up the generation, dissemination and adoption of improved technologies in the participating countries’ priority agricultural commodity areas. Building on the structures and achievements of WAAPP 1A, WAAPP 2A aims at scalling-up adoption of the released improved technologies with emphasis on adoption of improved seeds, plants, breeding stocks etc. The baseline study and survey was thus designed to gather baseline data on project beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries to describe the 97 situation before the implementation of WAAPP 2A and also to track project impact at the end of intervention period. WAAPP interventions have been implemented in all the ten regions in Ghana. Both purposive (based on nature of interventions on cassava, yam, cocoyam, vaccination, processing etc.) and simple random sampling methods were used to select respondents. Also, snowball sampling was used to select control group of the processors’ survey. The Consultants took advantage of the WAAPP programme implementation structure to design a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) for effective future impact/evaluation studies. A Multistage approach was used. In the first stage, the districts in all the regions across the agro-ecological zones were listed whilst the districts were then stratified into four (4) groups. A total of 1,125 respondents were interviewed in 22 districts comprising farmers, processors, researchers etc. The exercise has been executed and report has been submitted to PCU and CORAF. Panel studies have been planned for 2015 to keep track of the progress of WAAPP interventions amongst randomly selected beneficiaries over a period.

The sample of beneficiaries covered as part of the baseline study and reference survey is shown in Table19b

Table 28: Sample of beneficiaries surveyed Category Sample Treatment Control Producers WAAPP 2A 600 (597) 300 300 (short by 3) WAAPP 1A with 228 132 96 continuous benefits Total 828 (825) 432 393 Processors Cassava Processors 190 95 95 Bakery and Pastry 90 45 45 Total 280 140 140 Researchers Researcher 20 *(out of 40 received so far) Grand Total 1,125 572 533

4.8.3 Field Monitoring Activities During the year under review the M&E unit undertook field monitoring visits to selected implementing agencies in seven regions between January and June 2014. The Team visited the following locations; Volta region (Afadzato South, Akatsi north, Akatsi South, Ho); Brong Ahafo region (Wenchi, Berekum, Sunyani West, Techiman North, Nkoranza South); Ashanti Region (Ejura, Ejisu Juabeng, Kumawu and Mampong); Central (Agona West, Awutu Senya, Agona East etc). The main objective of visit was to assess progress of activity implementation and report on progress and challenges for corrective measures to be taken. The specific objectives were as follows; . Ascertain the number of Extension demonstration and seed multiplication fields established in the targeted districts. . To assess number of extension demonstration and seed multiplication fields established between 2013-2014 selected districts. . To ascertain the number of equipment supplied to processors and number of solar dryers constructed in targeted districts. . Undertake Geographic Positioning Systems (GPS) measurement of demonstration fields and facilities to establish the exact locations, size of fields and basic data of beneficiaries for mapping. . Interact with beneficiaries, extension officers, researchers etc. in selected districts and generate relevant data to be incorporated in the result framework. . Observe progress of field activities such as land preparation, planting methods, stage of growth, farm sanitation, pest/disease infestation and other agronomic practices. . Identify other major constraints militating against the effectiveness and efficiency of activity implementation.

. Provide specific recommendations for management decision for corrective measures and improved activity implementation in the targeted districts/implementing agencies.

The visit also provided a means to learn from Implementing Agencies and share experiences, report key findings for management decision-making.

4.8.3.1 Key Findings/Observations 4.8.3.1.1 Activity Implementation Efficiency Field monitoring revealed that the overall activities implementation efficiency recorded moderate to good efficiency ratio. This was reflected in a 0.70 (70%) implementation efficiency globally/generally in selected districts monitored. The most efficient districts achieved approximately a 0.80 (80%) whilst the least efficient districts achieved approximately, 0.55 (55%) implementation efficiency. These figures are with respect to the number of planned activities compared to the number of executed activities on schedule and how well they were implemented.

Major activities over the period were the establishment and maintenance of on-farm demonstration, primary and seed multiplication fields; distribution of processing equipment, construction of solar panels and business incubation centre. These initiatives are designed to transfer improved technology to enhance productivity amongst actors along the WAAPP commodity value chains. Some DDAs, Desk Officers and AEA involved demonstrated high level of commitment whilst few paid little attention to field activities affecting the overall implementation efficiency rate. Planned activities, which could not be implemented on schedule, have been scheduled for subsequent quarter. Some activities are still ongoing even though they should have been partly executed during the period.

Figure 46: DATCO Mobile Processing Facility - Koloenu, Afadzato South

4.8.3.1.2 Stage of Crop growth and Field Establishment The plants were at various stages of development with about 60% of most demonstration and seed multiplication sites visited due for coppicing between July and August 2014. Approximately, 30% of the fields established will be due for coppicing between September and November 2014. Furthermore, land preparation and planting were on-going at Ejura, parts of Berekum, Sunyani West and Ejisu Juaben districts. It was observed that a yam field established at the Mampong Agric Station had lower than expected germination rate due to poor seed quality. Rainfall situation was favourable in all the districts.

Based on field observation, approximately 60% of all fields visited were established between June and October 2013 had bulked and were due for coppicing this year. Furthermore, 40% were established between April and June 2014 with 30% at a stage, which was characterized by very active root proliferation. Approximately 70% of fields visited were seed multiplication fields whilst 30% were extension demonstration fields. It is worth noting that 90% of all fields visited were cassava fields indicating the strong promotion of cassava to the neglect of other root and tubers (yam, sweetpotato and cocoyam) as well as cereals and vegetables.

4.8.3.1.3 Disease, Pest Situation and other Developmental Challenges  Most fields (80%) were generally clean and free from pest and diseases however, pockets of incidences of diseases and pest were observed in cassava fields at Tano Boase in the Techiman North district, Jetiase at the Mampong Agric Station and Botokrom in the Berekum municipality. These incidences have been reported to management and the breeder for corrective measures to be taken.

 In another development, some farmers, AEAs and Station Managers reported/confirmed the woody, corky and chaffy nature of CRI-Ampong which has also been reported to Management and the breeder for corrective measures to be taken

4.8.3.1.4 Location of Demonstration and Seed Multiplication Sites Most of the field demonstrations were well positioned/located even though very few were remotely located. Access to land from cooperating farmers was a major issue at Boama Dumase in the Ejisu Juaben district and urban areas whilst some fields were inaccessible in parts of the Nkoranza district. Issues relating to access to large tracts of land for commercial seed multiplication fields was another major cause for concern.

4.8.3.1.5 Key Challenges The underlisted challenges were observed at the districts visited  Most fields (both Extension Demonstration and Seed Multiplication Fields) did not have sign posts making it difficult to identify WAAPP fields from other interventions  Some DAES fields were weedy with poor farm sanitation particularly at Nobewan in the Agona West, Ejisu Juaben and Mangoase in the Suhum districts.  Two (2) WAAPP Varieties (Broni Bankye, Otuhia) not being widely promoted/disseminated compared to CRI-Ampong, Sika and other improved varieties such as bankyehemaa, afisiafi cape vars and esambankye.  Poor record keeping in some districts.  Diseases and pest incidences were observed in Techiman North, Mampong Agric Station and Berekum.  Some farmers and Technicians confirmed the woody, corky and chaffy nature of CRI- Ampong.  There were complaints about rotten cassava after 2nd coppicing by MoFA Technicians and farmers/beneficiaries. Farmers loose more than half of the roots.  Capacity of equipment supplied to processors was observed to be for small and medium processors only.

4.8.3.1.5 Key Recommendations It is recommended that the following steps should be taken to streamline the activity implementation in the districts  Urgent need for Sign post for all WAAPP fields for easy identification  Weedy fields/poor farm sanitation observed in some Extension demonstration fields (Agona West, Ejisu Juaben, Suhum districts)

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 Promote the two (2) WAAPP varieties (Broni Bankye, Otuhia) and other root and tuber crops which is not being widely promoted for dissemination.  Diseases and pest incidences (Sika) in Techiman North, Mampong Agric Station Berekum and Dormaa need to be urgently addressed by research.  The woody, corky and chaffy nature of CRI-Ampong needs urgent further research and recommendation to maintain its ‘dignity’.  Agreement between WAAPP/MoFA and farmers/beneficiaries needs to be revised to cover 1 year since most of the roots get rotten after 2 yrs.  Capacity of equipment supplied need to be expanded for medium and large scale processors

4.8.4 Development of Web-based M&E System As part of the recommendations of the Implementation Support Mission (ISM) in the 1st phase, Ghana was tasked to develop a web-based M&E system to facilitate the generation of quality data and report. Recruitment of Consultants has been completed for the development of an internally accepted web-based M&E systems for the project using MSQL platform. So far, System requirement analysis has been completed, conceptual view completed and user interface (UI) developed. Physical development is currently in progress whilst coding is ongoing. Server has been procured and draft report and test-run done in August and November 2014. The system has been designed to incorporate special features such as introduction of Geographic Positioning Systems (GPS)/ Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into the database and the use of Google maps to track locations of WAAPP projects, beneficiaries, implementing agencies etc. Design for three (3) components have already been completed. However, work, which was expected to be completed by November 2014, has bee rescheduled to February 2015.

4.8.5 M&E Technical Support from Ghana to Nigeria and Gambia Following recent challenges with the Web based Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) System in the Gambia and Nigeria; the World bank/CoRAF engaged the services of the M&E Officer at the PCU to backstop these countries. One M&E Officer was trained in Nigeria and the system made functional. In Gambia four (4) staff were introduced to the Result Framework and its data needs/requirements and trained on the use of the computerized/web based M&E. Both the result framework and the M&E system were updated and expected to improve with the appointment of a substantive M&E specialist.

4.8.5.1 Challenges  It was observed that the absence of a substantive M&E specialist in Gambia significantly affected basic data collection, compilation, analysis and interpretation.  Data from implementing partners were scattered, not organized and with no harmonized data collection format/template.  The established national M&E Committee in the Gambia seemed not to be working as expected.

4.8.5.2 Recommendation  Urgently appoint a dedicated M&E specialist for the Gambia to update existing data set to restore the system (i.e. data bank, computerized system and Result framework).  Develop a single data collection template for all implementing agencies to facilitate easy harmonization at the PCU level.  Facilitate the involvement of data collection officers at the grassroots and implementing partners’ level to feed PCU with up-to-date date data using a common data collection template.  Revive the national M&E Committee to keep track of progress of activity implementation and report.

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4.9 Financial Management Issues 4.9.1 Financial Disbursement The table presented below is a summary of disbursements for the four main components and their respective sub components under the program. The total funds allocated, Funds disbursed and undisbursed funds as at 31 December 2014 for the various components are as indicated in the table below. The percentages of funds disbursed for the various components and sub components in relation to the funds allocated to the respective components are indicated in the last column of the table. Table 29: Actual Disbursement Rates as at December 31, 2014

Amount Amount Amount % Disbursed Allocated Disbursed as Undisbursed as at Components (USD) at 31 31 December 2014 December (USD) 2014 (USD) 1.0 Enabling Conditions for Regional Cooperation in Technology Generation and Dissemination 1.1 Implementation of ECOWAS common regulations 1,044,000.00 1,836,312.45 (792,312.45) 175.89% 1.2 Mainstreaming Regional Strategies into National 984,000.00 320,285.36 663,714.64 32.55% Action plan Subtotal Component 1 2,028,000.00 2,156,597.81 (128,597.81) 106.34% 2. Regional Centre of Excellence (RCOS) 9,933,000.00 2,890,076.57 7,042,923.43 29.10% 3. Funding of Demand –driven Technology Generation and Adoption 3.1 Demand-driven Technology Generation 14,808,000.00 3,737,124.65 11,070,875.35 25.24% 3.2 Support to Accelerated Adoption of Released 19,300,000.00 5,820,082.53 13,479,917.47 30.16% Technologies 3.3 Facilitating Access to Improved Genetic Material 10,783,000.00 1,981,524.28 8,801,475.72 18.38% Subtotal Component 3 44,891,000.00 11,538,731.46 33,352,268.54 25.70% 4.0 Project Coordination, Management, Monitoring & Evaluation 4.1 Project Coordination, Management 2,287,000.00 1,913,330.56 373,669.44 83.66% 4.2 Monitoring & Evaluation 861,000.00 806,865.54 54,134.46 93.71% Subtotal Component 4 3,148,000.00 2,720,196.10 427,803.90 86.41% TOTAL 60,000,000.00 19,305,601.95 53,550,621.15 32.18%

The table beneath indicates the Percentage annual disbursement, that is the actual disbursement and the committed funds under the Project

Table 30: Total (Actual + Commitments) Disbursement as at December 31, 2014

Disbursements Amount (USD) Actual Disbursement 19,305,601.10 Commitments 1,792,050.78 Total Disbursement 21,097,651.88

4.9.2 Disbursement Rates (Actual +Commitment)

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 The actual disbursement rate for the year ending December 31, 2014 was 32.18% as indicated in the table 29 above.  The total (actual + commitment) disbursement rate as at December 31, 2014 was 35.16%. This is the sum of the actual funds disbursed and funds committed under the program as at December 31, 2014, expressed as a percentage of the total loan amount for the program.

Table 31: The summary of commitments is indicated in the table below

Description Amount (GHC) Civil Works 1,245,588.27 Goods 134,433.96 Consulting 412,028.55 TOTAL 1,792,050.78

NOTES Component 1 The rate of disbursement for component 1 was 106.34% as indicated in Table 23. This high rate was achieved as a result of the activities of the Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD).

Component 2 Disbursement rate for this component at the end of the year was 29.10% as indicated in Table 23

Component 3 Component 3 had a disbursement rate of 25.70% at the end of the year. Activities are progressing steadily.

Component 4 The disbursement rate for this component was 86.41% at the end of the year.

Conclusion Generally the overall disbursement rates are encouraging. This can be attributed to the fact that components 1 and components 4 achieved high disbursement rates with component 1 actually disbursing funds in excess of the funds allocated.

4.10 Procurement Activities Out of the 53 planned procurement activities for 2014, 73.58% have been completed; 7.55% contracts are on-going; 3.77% are in the pre-contract stage; and 15.09% are yet to be initiated. Below is the breakdown; Table 32: WAAPP Procurement Update Report January to December 2014 Contracts Contracts Pre-Contract Procurement yet to be Description Total Completed On-going Stage Initiated

Goods 20 0 0 8 28 No % 71.43 0 0 28.57 100 Amt 2,220,202.19 0 0 196,000.00 2,416,202.19 Amt % 91.89 0 0 8.11 100

Works 19 1 0 0 20 No % 95 5 - - 100 Amt 2,258,706.87 140,873.55 - - 2,399,580.42 103

Amt % 94.13 5.87 - - 100

Consultancy Services 0 3 1 0 4 No % - 75 25 0 100 Amt - 362,991.50 50,000 0 412,991.50 Amt % - 88 12 - 100

Non -Consultancy Services 0 0 1 0 1 No % - - 0 0 - Amt - - 150,000 0 150,000.00 Amt % - - 100 - 100 Total No. 39 4 2 8 53 No % 73.58 7.55 3.77 15.09 100 Total Amt 4,478,909.06 503,865.05 200,000.00 196,000.00 5,378,774.11 Amt % 83.27 9.37 3.72 3.64 100 The underlisted activities have been rolled over to next year (2015);  Procurement of ArcGis software (including installation) for effective mapping of the project/intervention areas.  Develop and mount billboards at multiplication sites.  Procurement of Equipment (14 pumps, 14 threshers, moisture metres, weighing scales) for intensification of the new varieties.  Print 5000 copies of Gender and Social Protection Strategy under WIAD.

Challenges  Late approval of the 2014 Procurement plan by the World Bank delayed the start of procurement in 2014.  Difficulty in addressing and receiving the appropriate/standard technical requirements (for Goods & works) and TORs (Consultancy services) from End Users hence delays or slows the procurement process.

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5.0 Key Lessons and Success Stories

5.1 Key Lessons learnt  No tax waivers / exemptions for consumables imported by the Biotechnology unit/ARI  Two (2) WAAPP Varieties (Broni Bankye, Otuhia) not being widely promoted/disseminated compared to CRI-Ampong, Sika and other improved varieties such as bankyehemaa, afisiafi cape vars and esambankye.  Emerging issues regarding the woody, corky and chaffy nature of CRI-Ampong.  Encroachment of research fields and Land tenure challenges.  Slow retirement of expenditure. 5.3 Success Stories  The programme has so far vaccinated a total of 5,102,707 local poultry with the I-2 vaccine covering 44,000 beneficiary households of which 49% are female-headed. There has been marked reduction in mortality rate in family poultry in areas covered and demand for the vaccine has increased substantially.

 The Seed Support Unit facilitated private sector involvement and partnered with Cassava Alcohol Technology (CALTECH), SPARKX Ghana Ltd and other private individuals to establish cassava, sweet potato, cocoyam, and groundnut and rice seed fields. Between March and November, a total of 1,743.6 ha seed multiplication fields have been established.

 5 new varieties of cassava and 5 varieties of pearl millet earmarked for release by NCOS/SARI before the end of 2016.

 WAAPP supported the release of Agra rice variety and facilitated the distribution of 20 tons certified seed to 1,000 farmers in selected (Northern, Ashanti, and Brong Ahafo regions) zones as “starter pack” as a way of introducing the variety into rice-based systems. A “starter pack” of 20kg each has been supplied to each farmer during the 2014 cropping season.

 The Animal Production Directorate (APD) trained and supplied 40 farmers in the three regions in the north and supplied them with 1000 capacity, Incubators (40) and Electric generators (40) as energy back-up to serve as out-growers to supply keets to other farmers. 40,000 guinea fowl eggs, 25.2MT (560bags) of feed, 32,000 doses of Gumboro disease vaccine, 64,000 doses of Thermostable ND1-2 vaccine, 64,000 doses of Fowl pox vaccine, 10kgs of poultry dewormer, and 100kgs of Antibiotic/vitamin was supplied to 80 beneficiary farmers as start-up capital to commence production.

 Development of composite flours from cereals/root and tuber crops are completed and percentage formulations of the composite flours and development into bread, biscuits, cakes, chips, meat pies and doughnuts were conducted during the period. There is however, the need to commercialize these products.

105 Annex A Results Framework and Monitoring

{Ghana}

WEST AFRICA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM (WAAPP-2A)

Results Framework – As at 15th October, 2014

Project Development Objective (PDO): To scale-up the generation, dissemination and adoption of improved technologies in the participating countries’ priority agricultural commodity areas that are aligned with the region’s top agricultural commodity priorities, as outlined in the ECOWAP

Cumulative Target Values** Data Description (indicator Responsib Source/ definition etc.) Unit of Baseli Frequenc ility for PDO Level Results Indicators* Measure ne y Data

Core Year 2 (2014) Methodolo Collection gy

% Achieve- Program level Results Indicators Target Achieve- ment ment

Project Level Results Indicators

Indicator One: Beneficiaries who use Direct project beneficiaries of which 40% technologies generated and female released by the Project Annual Number 39.8 % Female Gh= 250,000 328,658 131.46 Assessment PCU NB /survey 36.7% Youth 100,00 made by Producers =219,842 (estimated 0 M&E if 76% producers)

necessary in

collaboratio n with

consultants Processors and other VC actors

= 46,283 (16%)

Secondary beneficiaries=

23,141 (8%)

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(Female = 115,127 Male= 174,139) 39.8% Female

Note: Cassava related activities form approximately 92%

Beneficiary households of NDI-2 vaccine increased from 34,400HH to 44,248HH. A difference of 9,848 x 4=39,392

Indicator Two: Technologies IN  Cowpea and Sorghum varieties Gh=0 Beneficiaries who are using technologies Number 50,000 from Senegal generated by other countries -  About 200 additional number of disaggregated by country 53,811 107.62 Annual farmers exposed to the use of assessment rice seeder (Mali), cowpea and PCU sorghum from Senegal /NCOS Rice seeder from Mali

Technologies OUT  Sorghum (3 variety: Dalado, Kadaga, Kapaala) to Senegal (2011)  Cassava (2 varieties: CSIR- Sikabankye, CSIR-Ampong ) and Annual maize to Mali (2011)  Cassava:CRI-Ampong, Sika, Broni sent to Togo and Benin (2013)  Cassava: CRI-Ampong, Sika, Broni , Otuhia sent to Cote D’Ivoire (2014)  Sweetpotato: CRI-Ligri, Dadanyui, Bohye sent to Cote D’Ivoire (2014  Yam: tissue culture yam plantlets of to Cote D’Ivoire (2014)  Cassava planting material to cover 10ha sent Mali (250).  NDI-2 vaccine for Newcastle prevention in poultry 2million

107 doses to Niger (61,690 per district x 8 districts=493,520 with 30 birds per HH: 16,450) and 700,000 doses to the Gambia (data from the Gambian department of Livestock, Buko indicate that 33,513 have benefited from the NDI-2 vaccine of which 70% are female) Indicator Three: Annual PCU Key Pipeline technologies Technologies generated by the Project Annual assessment /NCOS provided by NCOS/SARI Gh=10 13 19 with at least 15% productivity increase 146.15 over the control %  5 Millet varieties (SARI) 1 (Including pipeline Projects) dedicated to be named after WAAPP  Cassava; 3 each of food and industrial uses ready for release by end of 2014  2 varieties cocoyam  Development of Yam minisett

Number cutter  Use of cassava varieties to suppress weeds  Use of Germination Chamber in cocoyam minisett techniques Others  Yam; 5 lines proposed for release next year (2015)  Sweetpotato; 7 AYT to select lines-possibility of release 2015  Cocoyam; 15 taro lines resistant/tolerant to TLB (3 years to release - 2017 Indicator Four: Avg. at the Research Producers with knowledge of centre/Participatory level =8 generated/released technologies by the Benchmark PCU/NCOS Project- and supply Avg-Community/farmer level 2-4 chain Follow up: Percent surveys Gh=20 60% 40% 66.66 Year 1, 3, 5 Application of the technology (Rapid Appraisal) Material development to scale up and adoption

108 Indicator Five: Area under new technologies

Information

Gh= provided/projected by

Hectare 50,000 Annual PCU / implementing agencies, Annual 200,000 127,277 63.64 assessment NCOS Regional M&Es and PCU /survey Monitoring report. Restricted to Crops

Indicator Six: (Using at least 1 technology) Processors/ producers who have adopted Gh= 87.13 Beneficiaries of Seed and Planting at least one new technology. Annual Number 25,000 Annual assessment materials including seed growers, 150,000 130,706 /survey PCU / tertiary multipliers and beneficiaries of FFFs/demos from DAES; high NCOS demand for NDI-2 vaccine by

beneficiaries adopting.

Component 1: Strengthening the enabling environment for regional cooperation for the generation and adoption of agricultural technologies

Intermediate Result indicator One: Gh= Cumulative total of 341 pesticide Pesticide products/and genetic materials products evaluated and P. 200 300 177 59 registered by national committees. Annual recommended for registration by assessment the Pesticide Technical Committee (PTC). Out of this number 177 GM. 4 10 0 - attained full registration whilst 164 Annual Number attained partial registration PCU

100 Genetic Materials due for registration before December 2014

Intermediate Result indicator Two: Reference laboratories financed Laboratories with ISTA/ISO certification under Component Food Number Gh=0 0 2 - Supervision Research Institute (FRI)-Micro mission PCU Biology and Chemistry Annual Laboratory ISO Certified. Micro toxin lab have applied for Certification

Intermediate Result indicator Three: Number Annual Technologies with IPR. 9 in the still in the pipeline. Gh=0 2 - - Annual PCU  IPR registration procedures have been developed

109 assessment /NCOS  A framework for capturing relevant information on developed technologies to facilitate IP registration has been developed  Three technologies are being processed for IP Registration (Mechanical Cassava Harvesting Technology, Soil Geodatabase, Soil resources for Afigya- Kwabre, Wenchi, Tain and Gomoa East districts (in Ghana)) Intermediate Result indicator Four: Annual PCU and Annual Varieties generated by NCOS/RCOE Number assessment CORAF Gh=0 5 0 - registered in Regional catalogue. Intermediate Result indicator Five: PCU and Researchers/country, service Hits for the regional/national Web-based CORAF providers, farmers information system on agricultural Annual technologies and research skills Number Gh=0 20,00 173,170 820% [Reference: WAAPP Ghana 0 Annual website] assessment

Intermediate Result indicator Six: Communication, gender, climate National action plans developed on Number Gh=1 3 3 100 Annual Annual PCU/NCOS change, environmental and gender, communication and climate assessment social safeguards change- [Draft: Gender and Climate change ]

Component 2: National Centers of Specialization Intermediate Result indicator One: Qualifying criteria met by the NCOS to Gh= 3 0 0 become RCOE Annual PCU and Consultant recruited to assessment CORAF facilitate process Annual / survey Number Total: 6 criteria Consultant

Quality of research teams (Staff up to date)

110 Intermediate Result indicator Two: PCU and NCOS/RCOE with ISO certificate CORAF Gh=0 No - - Annual Number Annual assessment Consultant recruited to facilitate process

Intermediate Result indicator Three: PCU/NCOS Technologies generated Technologies generated by NCOS and and (released or not) Gh=0 2 3 150 demonstrated in at least three ECOWAS Annual CORAF Sent to two Countries Annual countries outside the country of origin Number assessment 2 Cassava (Ampong and / survey Sikabankye) varieties to Togo & Benin, Cote D’Ivoire, Mali,

Intermediate Result indicator Five: Study Gh=16 PCU/NCOS Scientists, extension agents, sponsorship- country and MSc and PhD agro dealers, farmers,

community members, etc.) MSc14 44 63 143 Annual Number Annual 13 MSc enrolled in 2014 assessment PHD 2 15 31 206 / survey

Intermediate Result indicator Six: Gh=12 20 15 75 Annual PCU/NCOS Visits to Brazil (NCOS team) and Scientific exchange visits assessment and India (Technology transfer / survey CORAF team) in 2014

Number Annual of

persons

Component 3:Support to demand-driven technology generation, dissemination and adoption Intermediate Result indicator One: Gh=0 4 -- -- CORAF Multi-country research proposals financed by the regional CARGS Annual Annual Number assessment/ survey

Intermediate Result indicator Two: Gh=30 52 62 119.23 PCU (and 14 finally accepted and National demand driven research projects CARGS) presented to the Bank. 10 so far financed by the national CARGS Annual Annual approved to add up to existing Number assessment/ 52 survey

111 Intermediate Result indicator Three: Gh=400 10,000 6,009 60.09 Annual PCU (and Ongoing Demonstration plots established assessment/surve implement  400 additional Community  Annual Demo Fields Number y ing agencies)  1440ha Commercial planting material Fields  76 Research, other fields Intermediate Result indicator Four: Annual PCU (and  11 Newly released varieties Number of technologies demonstrated assessment/surve implement (Cocoyam 3, cassava 4, sweet Gh=10 15 22 146.66 y ing potato 4) agencies)  2 node technology  Others: Yam minisetting  Use of weedicide in weed Annual Number control in cassava  Use of composite flour in bakery and pastries etc.  Use of ride technology  Use of glyphosate in weed control in cassava, yam etc. production.  Climate smart interventions. Intermediate Result indicator Six: Participatory PCU Year 1, Percentage of targeted clients (male and  Percent assessment or On going Gh= 50 40 80 3, 5 female farmers or businesses) satisfied age survey with extension services Intermediate Result indicator Seven: Foundation seed for priority Certified foundation seeds and improved crops breed stock produced Gh= 100 bundles per hectare Cassava 2,000 2,688.8 134.44 Supervision PCU (and Additional 60,000 bundles missions and implement 400ha supplied to cover 600ha for Annual ing Maize supply to seed growers, 1,000 700 70 assessments/ agencies) (T) secondary and tertiary Annual survey multiplication since May 2014. T/Ha

Maize (based on area covered so far in 2014 multiplied by average yield) plus 2013 production. Addition 150ha added since May 2014

Intermediate Result 4: Project Management and Coordination Intermediate Result indicator One:

Percentage of procurement activities Percent Gh= 80 80 100 executed in conformity with the timing of Supervision

112 the procurement plan Annual missions PCU

Intermediate Result indicator Two: Supervision PCU and With commitments in Client Gh=0% 40 43.93 55 Annual Disbursement rate of IDA funds. Percent missions CORAF connection

Intermediate Result indicator Four: Supervision Structure-4, data collection -& A national M+E system with database missions and organization-4, up-to-date 4, Rating Annual functional (structure, data collection & Annual CORAF reporting 4) (1-5) organization, up-to-date, reporting) Gh 3 4 4 -- assessment

Supervision PCU and Intermediate Result indicator Six: missions and CORAF Screening ongoing, report yet to Percentage of subproject granted with Annual Percent Annual be received environmental management plan that Gh=% 100 -- -- assessment have been implemented effectively *Please indicate whether the indicator is a Core Sector Indicator (see further http://coreindicators)

**Target values should be entered for the years data will be available, not necessarily annually

113 Annex B: Details of the agreed Action reached and next steps during Wrap-up Meeting-Senegal No. Recommendations Deadline Responsibility Expedite the completion of the rehabilitation of the Agricultural Stations 1 Immediate PCU/DCS and their conversion into technology transfer centres. Engage the services of a consultant to immediately undertake environmental assessment for all ongoing rehabilitation and construction works at the National Agricultural Stations. Furthermore, prepare 2 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and mitigation plans Immediate PCU/EPA/DCS/FRI including that for safe disposal of asbestos materials for the Bank’s review. Install signpost for contracts awarded of with relevant specifications at all sites. Facilitate the distribution of planting materials to tertiary farmers in areas 3 with adequate and well-established seed multiplication /demonstration Immediate PCU/DAES fields to increase coverage and beneficiaries base. Establish at least 10ha each of cassava planting material multiplication 4 Immediate PCU/DCS/NCOS fields in all cassava-growing districts countrywide. Facilitate urgently the installation of signpost for all WAAPP fields and 5 Immediate PCU intervention/projects for easy Identification and wider visibility. Facilitate the introduction of Cassava peeler/peeling machine for small, 6 Immediate PCU/CSIR-HQ/CRI medium and large scale processors 7 Develop plant variety Protection (PVP) policy DCS Develop and use of genetic material transfer agreement for all plant 8 DCS material exchange at all levels. Support the establishment of small cottage processing units for cassava, 9 cocoyam, yam and sweetpotato to mop up production increase. PCU/FRI/WIAD

Develop and put in place seed certification scheme for root and tuber 10 planting materials. DCS/PCU

Develop a seed multiplication Programme for rice and Cereals during the 11 PCU dry season. 12 Introduce at least three (3) technologies from the sub-region. PCU

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Annex C: Status of Implementation of Procurement Activities A. Goods Procurement Report as at 31st December, 2014

Seri Contractu Contract Date of Date Complete al Supplier al Start Contract Method of USD Invitation Signed Contract No. Date Remarks # Description Proc. Yes/No

The phones were Procurement of HENKOQ duly delivered and 500 Smart Phones MOFA/WAAPP/ 04/04/201 1 NCB VENTURES 152857.14 30/07/2014 22/07/2014 YES awaiting to be with GPS under e- GE/NCB/2014/01 4 LIMITED dispatched to the Agriculture beneficiaries

LOT1: Procurement of 14 JAPAN Vehicles duly No. 4WD Double MOFA/WAAPP/ MOTORS 15/05/201 delivered and now 2 Cabin Pickups for NCB 512,203.13 03/09/2014 19/08/2014 YES GE/NCB/2014/03 COMPANY 4 allocated to WAAPP LTD beneficiaries Implementing Agencies LOT2: Motorbikes duly LK Procurement of MOFA/WAAPP/ 15/05/201 delivered and now 3 NCB INTERNATIO 61,474.61 03/09/2014 19/08/2014 YES 25No. Motorbikes GE/NCB/2014/03 4 allocated to NAL LTD for VSD beneficiaries

The supplies have Procurement of been duly delivered Centre Auxilary and installed at the MOFA/WAAPP/ PRESIDENT 11/06/201 4 Supplies and NS 87457.27 17/07/2014 10/07/2014 YES MOFA resource GE/NS/2014/01 360 LIMITED 4 Installation under center for the e- e-Agriculture Agriculture programme

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The supplies have Procurement of e- been duly delivered Learning and and installed at the Resource Centre MOFA/WAAPP/ PRESIDENT 11/06/201 5 NS 82,964.44 17/07/2014 10/07/2014 YES MOFA resource Equipment and GE/NS/2014/02 360 LIMITED 4 center for the e- installation under Agriculture e-Agriculture programme

Procurement of CUMMINS The Genset has been MOFA/WAAPP/ 12/03/201 6 1No. 100KVA NS GHANA 30395.84 27/03/2014 27/03/2014 YES duly delivered and GE/NS/2014/06 4 Genset for PCU LIMITED now in operational

Procurement of Guinea Fowl ANIBIRDS production inputs FARM The Guinea eggs MOFA/WAAPP/ 01/04/201 7 (eggs, feed & NS ANNEXE & 29333.33 - 08/05/2014 YES and feed procured GE/NS/2014/07 4 drugs/vaccines) for ALHASSAN for the 80 Farmers 80 farmers under FARMS APD

Procurement of CALVARY 550 small ruminants 550 small MOFA/WAAPP/ 27/03/201 8 NS VETERINARY 75213.33 - - YES procured for the 90 Ruminants for 90 GE/NS/2014/10 4 CLINIC Farmers farmers under APD

Publish 5000 copies of fertilizer 5000 copies of MOFA/WAAPP/ GETOPREX-B 30/06/201 9 policy for NS 11187.31 - - YES fertilizer policy GE/NS/2014/17 VENTURES 4 dissemination printed under PPRSD

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Production of 6000 LPO raised and copies of Extension issued to the Education Manuals recommended MOFA/WAAPP/ GETOPREX-B 30/09/201 10 on quality NS 13,290.32 - - NO supplier to carry out GE/NS/2014/27 VENTURES 4 standards of the production of the selected food crops 6000 copies of the under DAES educational manuals

Develop 10,000 LPO raised and copies of fact issued to the sheets on Plants CALM recommended and Fertilizer Act, MOFA/WAAPP/ 30/09/201 11 NS BRIDGE 4,983.87 - - NO supplier to carry out 2010 (Act 803) and GE/NS/2014/29 4 ENTERPRISE the production of the its Plants Fertilizer 6000 copies of the Regulations, 2012 fact sheets under PPRSD

Procurement of 1No. 60KVA CUMMINS The Genset has been Genset for MOFA MOFA/WAAPP/ 18/06/201 12 NS GHANA 25324.58 02/07/2014 27/06/2014 YES duly delivered and Call Centre under GE/NS/2014/30 4 LIMITED now in operational e-Agriculture programme

Procurement of Laboratory General Laboratory MOFA/WAAPP/ HEMINS ENT. 06/06/201 Equipment delivered 13 NS 96657.17 02/07/2014 26/06/2014 YES Equipment for GE/NS/2014/36 LIMITED 4 and now in use at PPSRD PPRSD

Procurement of Laboratory Seed Testing WAGTECH MOFA/WAAPP/ 06/06/201 Equipment delivered 14 Laboratory NS GHANA 96171.38 02/07/2014 26/06/2014 YES GE/NS/2014/37 4 and now in use at Equipment for LIMITED PPRSD PPRSD

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Procurement of Office Equipment & Muiltimedia Devices for MOFA MOFA/WAAPP/ CHRISENYO 18/11/201 Office Equipment 15 NS 59709.68 10/12/2014 04/12/2014 YES 5 Agric Stations GE/NS/2014/31 ENTERPRISE 4 duly delivered (Kpeve, Asuansi, Mampong, Wenchi, Babile)

Procurement of Office Furniture & Fittings for MOFA RAYCAST Office Furniture and MOFA/WAAPP/ 18/11/201 16 5 Agric Stations NS CONSTRUCTI 58451.15 10/12/2014 04/12/2014 YES Fittings duly GE/NS/2014/32 4 (Kpeve, Asuansi, ON LIMITED delivered Mampong, Wenchi, Babile)

Procurement of Field logistics for MOFA 5 Agric BUILDTRUST Stations (Kpeve, MOFA/WAAPP/ 18/11/201 Field Logistics duly 17 NS COMPANY 62237.10 10/12/2014 04/12/2014 YES Asuansi, GE/NS/2014/33 4 delivered LIMITED Mampong, Wenchi, Babile)

Procurement of Field Equipment 18 for MOFA 5 Agric MOFA/WAAPP/ EASTLIGHT 18/11/201 Field Equipment yet Stations (Kpeve, NS 90806.13 10/12/2014 04/12/2014 NO GE/NS/2014/34 LIMITED 4 to be delivered Asuansi,

Mampong, Wenchi, Babile)

Procurement of

Contract I-INVERT 19 MOFA/WAAPP/ 23/10/201 Software duly Management NS SOLUTION 46700.00 13/11/2014 YES GE/NS/2014/16 4 delivered Software & LIMITED

Training

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B: Works Procurement Report as at 31st December 2014

Serial Contract Method of Contract Date of Date Contractual Complete Contract No. Contractor Remarks Description Proc. USD Invitation Signed Start Date

90% of work complete as at 31st QUENZO Rehabilitation of December 2014. MOFA/WAAPP/W ENGINEERS & 1 Food Laboratory for NS 46000 18/06/2014 25/07/2014 16/07/2014 NO Handing over K/NS/2014/01 CONTRACTOR WIAD scheduled for second LIMITED week of February, 2015

90% of work Rehabilitation of complete as at 31st Staff Quarters and December, 2014. MOFA/WAAPP/W RAMAN SIDI 2 Veterinary Clinic at NS 164831.79 30/06/2014 25/07/2014 21/07/2014 NO Handing over K/NS/2014/02 ENTEPRISE Paga Quarantine scheduled for second Station week of February, 2015

80% of work Fencing and complete as at 31st provision of watering REQUARTCO December, 2014. MOFA/WAAPP/W 3 points at Paga and NS CONSTRUCTIO 132,314.84 30/06/2014 21/08/2014 14/08/2014 NO Handing over K/NS/2014/03 Hameli Quarantine N WORKS scheduled for second Stations week of February, 2015

Rehabilitation of one 95% of work (1) Deputy Station complete as at 31st Master /Managers BEN TOTA MOFA/WAAPP/W December, 2014. 4 Bungalow and two NS COMPANY 144536.61 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO K/NS/2014/06 Handing over (2) Bedroom LIMITED scheduled for second Quarters at Kpeve week January, 2015 Agricultural Station

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94% of work Rehabilitation of complete as at 31st Station Office and MOFA/WAAPP/W GASPEE ENT. December, 2014. 5 Poultry Unit Office at NS 134014.14 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO K/NS/2014/07 LIMITED Handing over Kpeve Agricultural scheduled for second Station week January, 2015

Work completed. Rehabilitation of Handing over Guest house, scheduled for second Warehouse and Deep MOFA/WAAPP/W KINGJOJO CO. 6 NS 124257.91 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO week January, 2015 Litter House at K/NS/2014/08 LTD Kpeve Agricultural Station

Rehabilitation of Work completed. Laboratory, HENKOQ MOFA/WAAPP/W Handing over 7 Feedmills and NS VENTURES 107987.76 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO K/NS/2014/09 scheduled for second Borehole at Kpeve LTD week January, 2015 Agricultural Station

99% of work Construction of complete as at 31st Fencewall and December, 2014. Rehabilitation of MOFA/WAAPP/W CITY PLUS 8 NS 161922.38 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO Handing over Station Master’s K/NS/2014/10 LIMITED scheduled for Bungalow at Wenchi second week Agricultural Station February, 2015

Work completed. Rehabilitation of Handing over Station Office, scheduled for second Laboratory and MOFA/WAAPP/W IRE- KAGFY 9 NS 110535 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO week January, 2015 Overhead Water K/NS/2014/11 COMPANY LTD Tank at Wenchi Agricultural Station

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35% of work Rehabilitation of two complete as at 31st (2) Semi-detached OBAAKWAA December 2014. houses and one (1) MOFA/WAAPP/W 10 NS ENTERPRISE 140873.55 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO Warehouse at K/NS/2014/12 LTD Wenchi Agricultural Station

Rehabilitation of Work completed. HANDOSKY three (3) Artisan MOFA/WAAPP/W Handing over 11 NS INTERNATION 80263.43 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO Quarters at Wenchi K/NS/2014/13 scheduled for second AL LTD Agricultural Station week January, 2015

Work completed. Rehabilitation of Handing over Guesthouse, Diesel scheduled for second House, Fruit House MOFA/WAAPP/W K. AGYEMANG week January, 2015 12 and General NS 97562.96 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO K/NS/2014/14 COMPANY LTD Electrical works at Wenchi Agricultural Station

Work completed. Rehabilitation of Handing over Station Manager’s scheduled for second Bungalow and MOFA/WAAPP/W BRICKS & 13 NS 110964.7 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO week January, 2015 Caretaker’s K/NS/2014/15 MINT LIMITED Bungalow at Babile Agricultural Station

Work completed. Rehabilitation of Handing over RAMABUS Guesthouse and MOFA/WAAPP/W scheduled for second 14 NS ENTERPRISE 164906.71 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO Stores at Babile K/NS/2014/16 week January, 2015 LIMITED Agricultural Station

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Work completed. External Works at G.D MERCY MOFA/WAAPP/W Handing over 15 Babile Agricultural NS INVESTMENTS 160721.95 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO K/NS/2014/17 scheduled for second Station LIMITED week January, 2015

Rehabilitation of Work completed. ABUBAKARI Office Block at MOFA/WAAPP/W Handing over 16 NS MAHAMA CO 75667.71 14/03/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO Babile Agricultural K/NS/2014/18 scheduled for second LIMITED Station week January, 2015

Work completed. Rehabilitation of Handing over Two (2) Bedroom scheduled for second Semi-detached MOFA/WAAPP/W WOKAS week January, 2015 17 Bungalows NS 95689.04 04/04/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO K/NS/2014/19 ENTERPRISE (KNT277) at Kpeve Agricultural Station (LOT5)

Work completed. Rehabilitation of Handing over Two (2) Bedroom SULTAN scheduled for second Semi-detached MOFA/WAAPP/W 18 NS CONTRUCTION 103323.8 04/04/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO week January, 2015 Bungalows at Kpeve K/NS/2014/20 LIMITED Agricultural Station (LOT6)

Work completed. Rehabilitation of Handing over Two (2) Bedroom scheduled for second Semi-detached AZALEN MOFA/WAAPP/W week January, 2015 19 Bungalows NS COMPANY 94873.36 04/04/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO K/NS/2014/21 (KNT276) at Kpeve LIMITED Agricultural Station (LOT7)

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Work completed. Rehabilitation of Handing over Two (2) No. YABI scheduled for second Bungalows (KNT276 MOFA/WAAPP/W 20 NS CONSTRUCTIO 95732.78 04/04/2014 30/04/2014 10/04/2014 NO week January, 2015 & KNT277) at Kpeve K/NS/2014/22 N WORKS Agricultural Station (LOT8)

Work completed. Drill six (6) MOFA/WAAPP/W Handing over 21 Boreholes in three (3) NS DUFAAES LTD 52600 02/05/2014 23/05/2014 12/05/2014 NO K/NS/2014/23 scheduled for second Agric Stations week January, 2015

st C: Consultancy Services Report as at 31 December, 2014

Serial Method Date of Remarks Contract Description Contract No. Consultant Contract USD Date Signed Complete of Proc. Invitation

Inception report Consultancy service for submitted accepted and the implementation of MOFA/WAAPP Dr. Jonathan 1 IC 34,196 05/08/2014 29/08/2014 NO now awaiting the veterinary and animal /IC/2014/02 Amakye-Anim submission of the draft products regulation report

Draft gender analysis Consultancy service to report submitted and MOFA/WAAPP 2 renew Gender Strategy IC Mr. Wilbert Tengey 61,130.5 31/07/2014 NO under review /IC/2014/01 with social protection

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Inception report received Consultancy Service for and under review the Development of Documentation for CSIR/WAAPP/ 3 17025 Accreditation of CQS Sky Portal Consults 267,665.00 21/08/2014 21/10/2014 NO CQS/2014/01 the CRI-CSIR Biotechnological Laboratory

Both technical and financial proposals from the recommended Consultancy service for consultant (Messrs. the Diagnostic Analysis MOFA/WAAPP 4 CQS - - 21/10/2014 - NO Envirohealth Consult for the Certification of /CQS/2014/01 Limited) received and EPA Laboratory currently being evaluated

NON-CONSULTANCY SERVICES REPORT AS AT 31st DECEMBER 2014

Compl Serial Date of Date Contract Description Contract No. Method of Proc. Service Provider Contract USD ete Invitation Signed

Supply and Installation of ICT Bids were infrastructure – wireless local area received network (WLAN), related services on 10th and applications at CSIR-CROPS November RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CSIR- , 2014. CSIR/WAAPP/NC/NCB/201 1 CRI) - Fumesua and Kwadaso in NCB - - 05/09/2014 - - Evaluatio 4/01 Kumasi n underway.

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Appendices Appendix 1a: CSIR-FRI-WAAPP2A Equipment Beneficial Groups Region Name of group Location Men Women Total Equipment allocated Volta Yingor Cassava Processors Adzedukope 12 14 26 Grater, Press Rainbow Star Group Adzedukope 19 12 31 Grater, Press Arise and Shine Group Adzedukope 20 16 36 Grater, Press Mafi Kpedzeglo Cassava Farmers and Mafi Kpedzeglo 35 26 51 Grater, Press Processors Peace Cassava Group Fodome Amele 11 19 30 Grater, Press Bue Yifo Budi Likpe Fodome 12 16 28 Grater, Press Azorka Farmers/Processors Abutia Kisifli 11 16 27 Grater, Press Multipurpose Cooperative Farmers Gbi-Wegbe 21 9 30 Grater, Press Society Eastern Asenema Gari Processors Association Asenema 2 23 25 Grater, Press Adom Wo Wim Asabrekrom 6 21 27 Grater, Press (Dokrorchiwaa) Mile 14 Cassava Processors Association Mile 14 - 22 22 Grater, Press Mensah Dawa Cassava Processors Group Mensah Dawa 38 14 52 Grater, Press Milenorvisi Gari Processing Group Kokormu 7 41 48 Grater, Press Akwapim Agemehia Gari Processors Association Agbemehia 3 37 40 Grater, Press Ashanti Oseikrom Farms and Agro Ventures Oseikrom 4 6 10 Grater, Press Bogyawe Gari Mothers Association Bogyawe 3 8 11 Grater, Press Kwame Adjei Cassava Processors Kwame Adjei 4 15 19 Grater, Press Association Akuakrom Cassava Processing Group Akuakrom 7 10 17 Grater, Press B/Ahafo Aworowa Co-operative Cassava Aworowa 5 41 46 Grater, Press Processing and Marketing Society Hope Cassava Processing Group Bechem 5 7 12 Grater, Press Apesika Cassava Farmers and Processors Apesika 13 11 24 Grater, Press Group Christian Mothers Gari Processing Group Akrofom 2 8 10 Grater, Press Yesu Adom Cassava Processors Akrofom 5 14 19 Grater, Press Srapukrom Cassava Processors Group Srapukrom 3 8 11 Grater, Press Central Danes Anointed Enterprise Assin Dominase 6 10 16 Grater, Press Women in Need Gari Processing Ayeldu Bosomin 1 19 20 Grater, Press Association Kuntu Cassava Processors Group Kuntu 2 6 8 Grater, Press Krofo Cassava Processing Group Krofo 7 10 17 Grater, Press

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Appendix 1b: Trained Groups of Composite Flour Users in the Eastern, Volta and Ashanti Regions for 2014

Beneficiaries Youth Age/No. No. Name/Group Sex Region District Community Wome Total Telephone (group) Men Women Men n 1 Suhum Flour Users Group Group 1 Eastern Suhum Suhum 2 21 2 0 23 Dela: 0242248061 Akim Swedru Flour Users Akim 2 Group 1 Eastern Birim South 1 25 8 1 26 Emml 02008242974 Group Swedru Asamankese Flour Users 3 Group 1 Eastern Akim West Asamankese 2 24 7 1 26 Grace: 024-3272915 Group 4 Nsawam Flour Users Group Group 1 Eastern Nsawam Nsawam 4 31 21 1 35 Lydia: 0244855846 Fanteakwa North Flour Users 5 Group 1 Eastern Fanteakwa Begoro 2 16 7 2 18 Ebenzeer 0244045682 Association Akuapem North Bakers Akuapem Akropong/ 6 Group 1 Eastern 3 28 16 1 31 Ophelia: 0546878994 Association North Abiriw 7 Progressive Bakers Association Group 1 Eastern Yilo Krobo Somanya 4 15 7 0 19 Esinam: 0269218670 Chris Dogbeza:024- 8 Nkawkaw Flour Users Group Group 1 Eastern Koforidua Koforidua 3 23 6 2 26 3160644 TOTAL 21 183 74 8 204

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Appendix 2 : Commercial Seed/Planting Material Multiplication Fields (2014) 2014 Planting Multiplication Establishment Region District Commodity Acreage Hectare Wa East Yam 10 4 Wa East Cassava 20 8 UW UWR RADU Rice 30 12 Groundnut 2.5 1 62.5 25 Kassena Nakana Rice 150 60 UER Sweet potato 2.5 1 152.5 61 Wenchi Cassava 65 26 BENKPODA FARMS Cassava 64 25.6 Nkronza South Cassava 40 16 Cassava 30 12 Hams Ahmed Cocoyam 1 0.4 Kintampo North Cassava 50 20 Sunyani West Cassava 100 40 10 4 Nkronza North Cassava BAR 100 40 Sene East Cassava 50 20 Tain Cassava 20 8 Dormaa West Cassava 55 22 Sene West Cassava 100 40 Berekum Cassava 30 12 Techiman North Cassava 50 20 Sunyani West Cassava 49 19.6 Tano North Cassava 10 4 Wenchi Cassava 65 26 Tano North Cassava 25 10 Nkronza South Cassava 25 10 2nd Batch Asunafo North Cassava 25 10 Asuti South Cassava 25 10 Asutifi North Cassava 25 10 1014 405.6 Akwapim North Cassava 8 3.2 Suhum Cassava 6 2.4 West Akim Cassava 6 2.4 ER Kwahu East Cassava 22 8.8 West Akim Cassava 10 4 Brighter Ghana Found Cassava 50 20 Akwapim North Cassava 25 10 2nd Batch Birim South Cassava 25 10 Atiwa Cassava 25 10 177 70.8 Kpone Katamanso Cassava 9 3.6 GAR Ga East Cassava 9 3.6 Ningo-Prampram Rice 100 40 Kpone Katamanso Cassava 25 10 2nd Batch Shai OsuDoku Cassava 25 10 SAPCCO LTD Cassava 100 40 Asunafo South Cassava 25 10 293 117.2 127 | P a g e

Mampong Municipal Cassava 8 3.2 Adansi North Cassava 4 1.6 Afigya Kwabere Cassava 6 2.4 AR Sekyere Central Cassava 4 1.6 Sekyere Kumawu Cocoyam 1 0.4 Atwima Mponua Cassava 33 13.2 JOSMA Cassava 50 20 SPARKX Ghana Ltd Cassava 600 240 Sekyere Kumawu Cassava 25 10 2nd Batch GLDB Cassava 25 10 756 302.4 Nanumba South Cassava 2 0.8 West Gonja Cassava 12 4.8 Kpandai Cassava 10 4 NR North Gonja Cassava 20 8 Chereponi Soybean/cowpea/rice 170 68 West Gonja Cassava 100 40 Bole Cassava 20 8 334 133.6 Ho West Cassava 5 2 Ho Municipal Cassava 19.6 7.84 Kpando Cassava 20 8 VR OCEABA FARMS Cassava 250 100 Central Tongu Cassava 35 14 AkatsI North Cassava 50 20 CALTECH 250 100 Krachie West Cassava 25 10 Krachie East Cassava 25 10 Nkwanta North Cassava 25 10 2nd Batch Hohoe Cassava 25 10 Ho Municipal Cassava 25 10 Afadjato South Cassava 130 52 Akatsi South Cassava 25 10 Agortime Ziope Cassava 25 10 934.6 373.84 Awutu Senya Cassava 15 6 CR Gomoa West Cassava 50 20 Agona West Cassava 40 16 105 42 WR 22 districts Cassava 250 100 Total 4,078.60 1,631.44

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Appendix 3:Number of Beneficiaries/Participant in 2014 Community Field Demonstration

Regions Beneficiaries MoFA Staff and Grand Total Men Women Youth Total % Youth Other Institutions Ashanti 1,004 686 643 1,690 38 1627 3,317 Eastern 484 287 83 771 11 771 Western 1,037 998 74 2,035 4 2,035 Central 2,909 2,111 884 5,020 18 464 5,484 Greater Accra 1,116 559 206 1,675 13 1,675 Brong Ahafo 446 483 368 929 40 929 Volta 1,244 778 241 2,022 12 2,022 Northern 1,110 945 960 2,055 47 2,055 Upper East 758 788 - 1,546 - 1,546 Upper West 210 126 29 336 9 53 389 TOTAL 10,318 7,761 3,488* 18,079 20 2,144 20,223 * Total youth figure is inclusive of the total beneficiaries for men and women

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