saturday, April 18, 2015

Sponsored by the Higher Education Council of Berks County: Albright College, Alvernia University, Kutztown University, Penn State Berks, Reading Area Community College. Hosted by Albright College.

HECBC Program Cover 2015.indd 2 4/13/15 11:22 AM welcome

Welcome to Albright College! We are pleased to host the 16th annual HECBC Undergraduate Research and Creativity Conference and look forward to all of the presentations. More than 200 students from the HECBC schools and other institutions are on our campus today, and the variety of projects you have worked on are testament to your hard work and talent, and to the dedication of your faculty mentors. As a liberal arts college, Albright recognizes the enormous value of undergraduate research and creative endeavors and actively fosters their practice. Faculty members from every discipline work side-by-side with Albright students, sharing in the creation of a unique curriculum that blends classroom learning, textbook study, close mentorship, and applied experience. We invest in experiential educational programs because it gives our students not only the skills their disciplines demand but also the wisdom that comes from making mistakes. This is where much valuable learning occurs. It is no accident that the Albright Creative Research Experience is among the most in-demand co-curricular programs on our campus, or that we have sent many dozens of students to present their work at the National Conference on Undergraduate Research. I thank Albright’s outgoing provost, Andrea Chapdelaine, who has been an unwavering champion of experiential learning during her time at the College, and Kim Justeson, our director of experiential learning, who has been instrumental in putting today together. Please enjoy your time at Albright, and accept my best wishes on your continued success.

Sincerely,

Lex O. McMillan III President, Albright College

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HECBC Program Cover 2015.indd 3 4/13/15 11:22 AM conference schedule

8 A.M.-1:15 P.M. Registration Roessner Hall Atrium 8-10 A.M. Continental Breakfast Roessner Hall Atrium 8:30-9:30 A.M. Paper Session 1 Roessner Hall 101,102, 104, 105, 201, 203,204, 205 8:30-9:30 A.M. Poster Session 1 Roessner Hall Atrium 9:45-10:45 A.M. Paper Session 2 Roessner Hall 101,102, 104, 105, 201, 203,204, 205 Performance Session 2 Visual Art Session

9:45-10:45 A.M. Poster Session 2 Roessner Hall Atrium 11-11:45 A.M. Welcome & Keynote Klein Lecture Hall 12-1 P.M. Lunch Dining Hall 1:15-2:15 P.M. Paper Session 3 Roessner Hall 101,102, 104, 105, 205 Performance Session 3

Sponsored by the Higher Education Council of Berks County: Albright College, Alvernia University, Kutztown University, Penn State Berks, Reading Area Community College. Hosted by Albright College.

HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 1 4/13/15 11:21 AM Keynote Speaker PAPER PRESENTATIONS

Robert J. Beall, Ph.D. Paper Session 1-A Roessner Hall 101, 8:30-9:30 A.M. President and CEO Panel Discussion: Race, Identity, and the Narrative Lens Cystic Fibrosis Foundation

Jessica DeDeo, Reading Area Community College AN AFRICAN NIGHT As Natalia moved us from beyond the curtain, we found ourselves the only white people in the entire nightclub. The dance floor was a moving rainbow of colors. Under the leadership of Robert J. Beall, Ph.D., the Cystic One guy was wearing a green and brown jungle scene on a silk robe, which nearly Fibrosis Foundation has significantly advanced the search touched the wooden floor. Dark women in dresses of distinct patterns of yellow and for a cure for cystic fibrosis and helped dramatically improve black danced in a line, clapping and moving in a circle of fiery delight. Red lights from the length and quality of life for people with CF. Beall began the ceiling colored the moving shadows already encircled in snaking swirls of hookah his tenure at the CF Foundation in 1980 as executive vice smoke. My friends and I stood there waiting for all of the eyes to be directed at us. president for medical affairs and for the past 21 years has In a personal essay titled “An African Night” I describe an experience I had one night served as president and chief executive officer. Prior to joining when my friends and I were completely out of our element and welcomed wholly by the CF Foundation, Beall was on the medical school faculty of people who I thought were much different than I was. It turned out, I couldn’t have Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, and worked at been more wrong. the National Institutes of Health, where he managed a large portion of NIH’s cystic fibrosis program. Rebecca Dunst, Reading Area Community College SKIN DEEP: UNDERSTANDING NARRATIVES FORMED BY RACISM During Beall’s tenure, the CF Foundation has become one “Until then, I was just a fourth grade girl, like all the others. But in that one second, of the most respected voluntary health organizations in the I was different. Though I hadn’t changed, I was someone else. Someone that looked country. The CF Foundation’s innovative “venture philanthropy” different. My skin was in patches, its color faded in only certain places, the contours approach to drug development, in which the CF Foundation scribbled on my face. My skin and its color, or lack thereof, was the reason these girls invests in research collaborations with pharmaceutical chose me as their target. Without the Vitiligo, I probably would have been accepted to companies to help bring new therapies to patients, has been this group that hurt me. The girls saw my skin as a weakness, as some kind of reason to emulated by other nonprofit health organizations. The creation be hated.” In a personal essay entitled “Skin Deep: Understanding Narratives Formed in the 1980s of a national network of research centers of by Racism,” I use the lens of my own alienation, a childhood experience generated as excellence, the Research Development Program, attracted a result of a skin disorder, with the intention of beginning to understand the racism and many leading institutions and first-rate scientists to the CF subordination experienced by others throughout history. Within this essay, I scrutinize research effort. This collaborative network contributed to the the idea of a “trump card,” and ultimately come to a realization that the world misses identification of the CF gene in 1989. Since that discovery, the character when it is focused on appearance as well as exploring the threads between CF Foundation has focused on translating knowledge about stories and the one thing the world tends to miss – that we are all human. the gene and the basic defect in CF into the development of novel CF treatments. In 1998, the CF Foundation launched Catherine Mahony, Reading Area Community College its ground-breaking Therapeutics Development Program, a unique coalition of industry, academics and the CF Foundation “WHITES AND DARKS” The color white is what the eye sees when it recognizes light containing all the that is directed at speeding the discovery and development of wavelengths of the spectrum. The only way to visibly see these frequencies as cutting-edge new CF drugs. individual colors is to separate them into a rainbow. The absence of light creates the color black. Black is associated with things such as evil and negativity. White is Nearly every CF drug available today was made possible associated with such things as purity and innocence. In a personal essay titled “Whites because of the CF Foundation’s business model, most recently and Darks,” I sort through the narratives that reveal the way we separate ourselves Kalydeco, the first drug to treat the underlying cause of the from each other, if only on a subconscious level. In this piece I use metaphor to disease in a segment of the CF population. The CF Foundation dissect the topic of racism which we as a society approach indirectly because of the maintains a robust pipeline of potential CF therapies that uneasiness that still surrounds the issue. We wear the pigmentation of our skin like target the disease from every angle, and the prospects for a clothing passed down to us from previous generations. We also garb the sentiments cure for cystic fibrosis have never been higher. we associate with skin color which are deeply woven into the fabric of who we are as individuals. This essay serves as narrative ablution as I divert from a childhood

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 3 4/13/15 11:21 AM confrontation with racism to the realization that we must not accept the prejudices given surveys (308 surveys), creation and analysis of facilitator feedback forms (7 facilitator to us by our predecessors. Some cycles only reach completeness by being broken. feedback forms), and firsthand experience co-facilitating both as a secondary and primary facilitator. Evaluating each facet separately and collectively aids in the future Tyler Smith, Reading Area Community College planning of the workshop. This specific program development is necessary not only THE RIGHT WORDS for the workshop itself and the student’s experience, but to also meet the new federal He broke it to me gently, mustering all of the 4 year old cool-headedness and tact he requirements under VAWA for college campuses pertaining to sexual violence and possibly could. He said “Now listen Tyler, you’re cool, you’re okay, but WHY is your relationship education. hair so weird!?” I rolled my eyes, thinking this kid’s an idiot. I told him dismissively, “I have the same hair as you,” pointing to the jew-fro on top of his head. He touches it Yandeh Sallah Muhammed, Kutztown University self-consciously with both hands. I smirk. He looks around the room, eyes wide, as EAST COAST AMERINDIAN DRUM AND DANCE CULTURE if seeing everything for the first time turns back to me and said, “Yeah, but your hair I am currently studying dance and drum culture in Eastern Amerindians through is like carpet, it’s different. And prickly. And weird. My hair is soft and normal.” In this interviewing members of the community like the drummers, dancers and oral personal essay on race and identity, I navigate my experience with trying to identity historians and see how members feel about drum and dance culture in the modern myself despite responses to my failure to live up to perceptions of my racial identity. age. I want to see what being a part of this subculture means to them and how did they get into the culture. This project is accompanied by songs, videos of the dances and a slideshow presentation. It is a project that I am currently working on and will be finishing up with that will be done by the time of the conference. It is a project I plan Paper Session 1-B on continuing once I graduate from school. Roessner Hall 102, 8:30-9:30 A.M. Corey Summers, Benjamin Fake, Kutztown University Tyler Bernadyn, Milca Mendez, Albright College FOR WHICH IT STANDS UNDERSTANDING ETHNOCENTRISM The United States flag has been an ever-changing symbol of an equally fluctuating Ethnocentrism pertains to the judging of other cultural concepts based on your nation. There have been instances when the flag was a symbol of revolution, and own socialized standards. Ethnocentrism is normal in moderatation; however it can times when it was a symbol of difference. Currently it acts as a beacon of hope for have adverse effects when abused. For this reason, it is essential to avoid creating its citizens and as a banner to be proud of. We pledge allegiance to the Flag, of the predominantly ethnocentric societies by encouraging multi-cultural educational United States of America, for which it stands. It is the intention of this work to expand experiences such as this fieldwork assignment. With this in mind, Milca and Tyler on the common knowledge about what exactly the flag stands, how it came to stand took part in an applied sociological educational experience. Going with the mindset for such values, and the way it is used in society. The completed work is an anthology of overcoming ethnocentrism and developing a broader culturally relativistic with strong graphic elements. The hybrid theory of a graphic anthology will showcase perspective, Milca and Tyler attended a Buddhist temple and conducted participant two students’ skills in both design and historical research. observational research and face to face interviews. Buddhism is a religious practice that encompasses much of the Vietnamese culture, language, and vegetarian cuisine. As a religious practice, Buddhism is tolerant of all traditions and customs provided they are not harmful to the welfare of others. Buddhism includes the beliefs Paper Session 1-C of Nirvana, Karma, and reincarnation. At the temple, Milca and Tyler were able to Roessner Hall 104, 8:30-9:30 A.M. engage in this religious practice and dine with the members of the community. This fieldwork research enriched both Milca and Tyler by placing them outside of their Samera Chebli, Kutztown University comfort zones. The knowledge gained throughout this process helped them develop FAMILY CONFLICTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES IN THE a better understanding of both Buddhism and understanding ethnocentrism. ACCULTURATION EXPERIENCE Acculturation is the process by which an individual or a group changes after living Stephanie Buck, Kutztown University in a majority culture, learning the language, values, attitude and lifestyle preferences THE IMPORTANCE OF EVALUATION IN PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT of the majority culture (Berry, 1997). Previous studies indicate that an acculturation Evaluation is a necessary and beneficial step within any program development process. gap between immigrant parents and children may create conflicts in their family Certain concerns emerge when conducting evaluations which must be considered. and educational experiences (Portes and Rumbaut, 2002). The hypotheses are: 1) For example, were the intervention goals achieved and were the participants satisfied Immigrant children who experience high levels of family conflicts in their childhood with the experience? Program evaluation is the focus to further the development of will have low educational aspirations and low educational achievements; 2)Immigrant the “Love, Sex, and Healthy Relationship” workshop offered at Kutztown University. children who experience an acculturation gap between their parents and themselves As the Social Work Intern, of the Women’s Center on campus, I had the distinct will show low educational aspirations and low educational achievement. Data was opportunity to promote and engage in this process. This unique workshop is held obtained from a previous study, Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (Portes every semester; anticipating about 150 new students and 20 different facilitators. and Rumbant, 2002). Students were eligible to participate if they were U.S. born I used many facets for evaluation to ensure a holistic view of the program. These and had one foreign born parent, or if they were foreign born and came to the U.S. facets include; data collection and analysis of three consecutive semesters of student at an early age. A Pearson Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 4 4/13/15 11:21 AM between family conflicts and educational aspirations. Participants will acquire a Paper Session 1-D better understanding of the problems immigrants undergo during acculturation. This Roessner Hall 105, 8:30-9:30 A.M. study suggests that struggles of acculturation in a family context can be a risk factor in defeating educational aspirations. Michael Andersen, Penn State Berks MOLECULAR MODELLING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THEORETICAL COVALENT Hannah Hench, Albright College CROSS-LINKAGES BETWEEN HYDROXYPROLINE STEREOISOMERS AND BULLYING IN THE AMERICAN SCHOOL SYSTEM GALACTURONIC ACID Bullying is a significant issue in our American schooling system, and is a problem that Hydroxyproline rich glycoproteins such as extensin exist in covalent and ionic cross- grows larger day by day. Schools have become a primary setting for such targets, and linkages with pectic polysaccharides such as polygalacturonic acid in the cell walls are now known as home for those antagonizing peers. Factors of individuals such as of many plants. Polygalacturonic acid, polymeric β-(1-4) linked D-galacturonic acid, race, gender, status, or sexuality provoke their attackers, and studies prove various contributes to cell wall rigidity and elasticity through interactions with serine, arginine, home lives or background of said bullies play a major role on their violent behavior. and hydroxyproline residues of structural proteins. Pectic polysaccharides and their Studies show that social differentiation shows causes and possibly effects of how derivatives have been known to function effectively as controlled release drug and why bullying happens, but psychologists and sociologists now provide ways to coatings as well as mucoadhesive agents. In the present study, theoretical covalent deal with the affects on victims, and tools for prevention of this plague among our linkages between 4-hydroxyproline and galacturonic acid were modelled and energy school system. minimized with Spartan molecular modelling suite. The effect of hydroxyproline stereochemistry on stability of the theoretical complexes was considered. Electrostatic Ezra Kane-Salafia, Kutztown University potential maps were generated and used to determine potential nucleophilic or PRIMING BIASED RESPONSES: UNDERSTANDING THE LONG-TERM EFFECT OF electrophilic attacks between galacturonic acid and hydroxyproline. Galacturonic acid PRIMING IN SURVEY METHODOLOGY ON POLICY PREFERENCES was linked via glycosidic, amide, and ester linkages to (2S, 4S)-4-hydroxyproline and The effects of framing and priming in survey methodology are well understood in (2S, 4R)-4-hydroxyproline. Models were energy minimized with density functional the social sciences. Survey authors must be highly vigilant in the development and theory EDF2 6-31G* in implicit water. Gibbs free energy of formation for each product, deployment of survey questions in order to avoid question wording that may bias as well as intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bond formation, was used to survey participants towards or against certain responses. However, the long term evaluate the structures. impacts of biased survey methodology are less understood . Although academic researchers are usually careful to avoid priming such biases in participants, Ryan Cupo, Alvernia University researchers applying such methodology in the real world may be less careful. THE ROLE OF BIOINFORMATICS IN SINGLE CELL GENOMICS Particularly in the field of policy preference polling, partisan researchers may even Single cell genomics is a rapidly advancing field that has recently experienced an seek to obtain specific results by using finely tuned question wording. In this paper, influx of new techniques. Proteins and nucleic acids have been at the cutting edge I review the literature from Political Science, Methodology, and Political Psychology of biology and genome sequencing has provided a rapidly increasing amount of that addresses this topic. I further create a theory to explain how biased survey information. The field of bioinformatics has evolved to efficiently harness computing development could have a long-term impact on policy preference points. Finally, I power and time in order to produce complete and biologically relevant information develop an experimental design that could be deployed to study this phenomena. from the raw sequence data. The growth of the field of single cell genomics has necessitated the creation of new bioinformatics tools to collect relevant information Fatima Mendez, Reading Area Community College from the data. However, there is a need for continued advancement in the field of THE CURVY ROAD TO SUICIDE AND ITS PREVENTION bioinformatics for single cell genomics. This document aims to understand the road to suicide, what makes some individuals more likely to commit suicide, and some of the danger signs that everyone as a Andrew Douventzidis, Kutztown University society should be aware of . It is recognized in this document that therapy is not A NEW SCALE FOR PEPPER HOTNESS the only factor that can prevent individuals from committing suicide; a proactive In the past, the heat or spiciness of pepper products has been reported in Scoville effort should be done by schools, doctors, parents (culture), peers and everyone Heat Units (SHU) which range from 0 to 16 million SHU. This unit is familiar and in a community. This paper hopes to raise awareness about the negative impact useful to pepper connoisseurs but can be cumbersome for the ordinary consumer to of the stigma attached to individuals who seek mental help. Individuals who are interpret. The biggest inadequacy of the Scoville Scale is that the measure represents contemplating suicide should be encouraged by society to seek the appropriate help. heat based on dilution and minimum detection level using a panel of human subjects. An important focus of this research was also in adolescents, who because they are in Fechner’s Law suggests human perception of stimuli is logarithmically proportional a sensitive stage of the lifespan, tend to idealize suicide as a possible exit. This paper to the stimuli present. The heat of peppers can be better represented by taking the recognizes that in order to stop individuals from committing suicide everyone must be logarithm of the sum of active chemicals (in ppm, as determined by HPLC analysis) attentive to the signs of possibly depressed individuals who are more likely to commit and multiplying by a constant to represent heat on a 0-10 scale. Not only is the suicide when they reach a state of hopelessness. Therapy and willing clients are not resulting scale more intuitive, but it coincides with the theory presented by Fechner enough; the support of the community, family members and peers also play a key role regarding human perception of taste. The new rating tool described here is named the in helping individuals to choose life. Ferven Scale, (from latin: fervēre meaning hot) and it will provide consumers with an instinctive tool for anticipating the heat of pepper products.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 5 4/13/15 11:21 AM Robert Knoll, Penn State Berks Tracy Nguyen, Penn State Berks QPCR ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSSION OF LACTATE UTILIZATION GENE SHOULD THERE BE A RAISE IN MINIMUM WAGE? IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS There are people in the United States who are pushing legislators for increases in the A previously uncharacterized gene present in the genome of model organism Bacillus minimum wage. Many people feel they deserve a higher pay for his or her hard work. Subtilis was sequenced and found to be integral to the initiation of sporulation by It seems that increasing the minimum wage would help individuals to pay off their Losick et al 2008. This gene formerly termed ygf now given the moniker LUT for debt, which would enable them to spend more money and help the economy grow. Lacatate UTilization was expressed at markedly higher rates following log phase Unfortunately, Many people do not realize that raising the minimum wage will have a growth in strain PY79. We endeavored to quantify the expression of this gene in negative impact on the economy as a whole. Some economist experts has been study Bacillus Subtilis strains 168 and 3-13 first when grown in LB media and then in this field have concluded that increases in the minimum wage would also increase minimal media. Preliminary findings have supported the assertion of Losick et al that the unemployment rate in the long term. LUT is a gene integral to early spore formation in Bacillus Subtilis. Kimberly Radka, Albright College HUNGER IN BERKS COUNTY Millions of Americans live below the poverty line, and millions more hover just above Paper Session 1-E it. Recent studies support, with a poverty rate of 41.3 percent, Reading, Pennsylvania Roessner Hall 201, 8:30-9:30 A.M. has been labeled one of the nation’s poorest cities with a population of 65,000 or more. As the economy slowly recovers, many in the community remain hungry. Hunger in Joseph Arthur, Kutztown University the county is not only a physical need, but also has emotional and ethical implications. A HISTORICAL AND PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ELI LILLY’S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS It affects many lives around us, most importantly handicaps our children and future Eli Lilly discovers, develops, manufactures, and sells pharmaceutical products generations from trying to maintain a healthy, well balanced life. Economic conditions worldwide. It operates in two segments: Human Pharmaceutical and Animal Health in the area also contribute to our hunger conditions. Many times, citizens simply do products. The company’s products treat, among other things, diabetes, osteoporosis; not have or earn enough to buy the food that is available. Often, cultural beliefs can human growth hormone deficiency, pediatric growth conditions, testosterone prevent progress as well. People are restricted from helping their communities not deficiency, major depressive disorders, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, anxiety because they are physically or economically restrained, but are instead limited by disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain, schizophrenia, attention- the often deeply rooted social problems. Believe it or not, people die directly from deficit hyperactivity disorders, depressive, obsessive-compulsive, bulimia nervosa, hunger or hunger related diseases every day, in spite of the fact that there is enough and panic disorders. The company was founded in 1876 and is headquartered in on earth for every single person to have more than enough food per day. Hunger Indianapolis, Indiana. My research objective is to determine whether Eli Lilly is a problems in Berks County can be resolved by educating the people, developing good company to invest in. I analyzed the company’s short-term liquidity, long-term practices of helping those in need, volunteering, and making positive change in our solvency, and profitability. My study also included extensive analysis of the company’s school systems. Balance Sheet, Income Statement and Statement of Cash Flows. In conducting this research, I used various analytical tools including trend analysis, ratio analysis, and prospective analysis. I also applied certain predictive models to the company’s financial statements to predict whether it will go bankrupt or be taken over during the Paper Session 1-F next three years. I will provide the answers to all these research questions during my Roessner Hall 203, 8:30-9:30 A.M. presentation at the conference. Samuel Charowsky, Reading Area Community College Alexandria Nasife, Albright College THE LIGHT IN THE DARK AGES CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF Despite a shift in academic thought to the contrary, the common perception of the THE FIRM: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA Middle Ages remains one of both literal and cultural decay. These so called “Dark This study examines the role of social media in a causal relationship between Ages,” however, were not in fact the period of ignorance and despair that was once corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the firm’s competitive advantage. The author thought. Indeed, upon closer examination one finds that a natural progression exists proposes that firms in various industries have increasingly employed social media to between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginnings of the Italian Renaissance. help spread their CSR practices to a larger group of stakeholders more effectively. At Thus, the purpose of this presentation is to explore the origins of the “Dark Age” myth, the same time, social media may also moderate the relationship between CSR and while also highlighting a few key cultural and political developments that existed as the firm’s competitive advantage. Good practices of CSR, along with appropriate uses a necessary link between the aforementioned eras, with the hope that attendees can of social media, will significantly support the firm to achieve a competitive advantage. come away with a heightened appreciation for this key period in European history. On the other hand, scandals will spread out more quickly to a broader scope of audience through social media, leading to the firm’s competitive disadvantage. Elizabeth Crews, Kutztown University THE CHARACTER AND PLOT DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORIGINAL TELEVISION SHOW Elizabeth Crews and her friend, Drew Boardman, began working on Homer, a television show based on The Iliad and The Odyssey, narrated by the eponymous bard.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 6 4/13/15 11:21 AM Crews is responsible for creating the character and plot development, learning the Paper Session 1-G most efficient ways to bring both into symbiosis. She has done extensive research, Roessner Hall 204, 8:30-9:30 A.M. peppering the two poems with myriad outside mythologies to provide sufficient background of important events that were not included in either of the poems. Blanche Helbling, Albright College Because the epics are not in chronological order, she had to arrange them in a way “IF ONLY HE KNEW IT”: SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF VICTORIAN that was believable and moved the plot at an appropriate pace. Furthermore, she is INDUSTRIALISM working towards improving her screenwriting skills, focusing closely on her ability to This paper dovetails Victorian historical and literary analysis by investigating how write dialogue. By strengthening her research, analytical, and creative writing skills, two prominent multidisciplinary English writers proposed their societies combat she has improved as a writer, which will help her continue to work on Homer and injustice caused by an increasingly globalized marketplace. John Ruskin suspected many more to come. the English population was largely unaware of the harsh realistic conditions British- industry workers faced; his politically-charged essay The Stones of Venice articulates Prasadi Dangolla, Reading Area Community College the post-Slavery Abolition Act perpetuation of slave-like labor. Using the example SIE WÜRDEN DIESE TITEL VERSTEHEN, WENN SIE DEUTSCH SPRECHEN of glass bead production, he demonstrates that the support of industry propagates We are surrounded by language during nearly every waking moment in our lives. cruel working conditions, and using the example of Greco-Roman vs. Medieval Language serves to communicate, to connect, to identify, and to help us understand architecture, he contends the requisite of protecting workers’ expressive freedom. the world around us. For many, this rich linguistic environment involves not only one Several years later, William Morris shares and builds upon Ruskin’s principles, language, but two or more. Bilingualism/Multilingualism offers the obvious benefits endorsing a resurgence of what he terms “The Lesser Arts” of handicrafts. Like of advantages in employment, and the ability of being more culturally knowledgeable Ruskin, Morris recognizes and calls attention to the legal ‘slavery’ industrialism and connected to others. Little known benefits include skills in better decision making, perpetuates. He maintains that Victorians must turn away from industry on ethical enhancement in cognitive abilities and memory power, improvement in listening grounds, and instead, individuals should hold autonomy over their own goods via a skills, and also possible protection against neural diseases such as Dementia and socially-supported Arts and Crafts Movement. According to Morris, who designed Alzheimer’s disease. Interviews and a survey were carried out which included many of his own handicrafts, individually-hewn products boast both more beautiful students, faculty and staff members from Reading Area Community College, and they ornament and superior quality. articulated their experiences and opinions regarding the benefits of being bilingual. An additional language will assist in being part of the many cultures that make up Anna’le Hornak, Albright College our world—a big mixed salad—where distinct flavors retain their color/texture/flavor PURSING THE FEMALE: COMEDY AND MISOGYNY IN SHAKESPEARE but in one bowl. Through explication of several of William Shakespeare’s festive and problem comedies, this paper seeks to prove the existence of an institutionalized system of Eyoel Firew, Albright College oppression to women that is reinforced by the traditional comedic plot. Shakespeare THE EFFECTS OF PORNOGARPHY ON THE DEMAND FOR SEXUAL COMMERCE centers the plot structures of most (if not all) of his comedies on the union of men The normalization and easy access of pornography has created the demand for sexual and women at the cost of the woman’s right to choose and, in many cases, the commerce thus increasing sex trafficking. Between 1998 and 2007, the number of happiness of the women in question. The will of the individual is sacrificed for the pornographic websites grew by 1,800%. The average age of exposure to pornography preservation of a patriarchal social order and for feelings of ownership implicit in the is eleven. The lack of adequate sex and relationship education has lead people to use formation of heterosexual relationships in the comedies. Thus, the paper argues that porn to fill gaps in their sex education. This leads to the normalization of pornography. the basis of conflict in Shakespeare’s comedies is centered on the struggle between Porn can be addictive because of the level of neuron-chemicals released into the men and women as the females pursue what they want for themselves while the reward pathway. A tolerance can be built to porn and one ends up needing more of males attempt to suppress the female’s individual wants and remove their agency in it in more extreme forms. In a 2012 survey of 1,500 guys, 56% said their tastes in favor of submission to a male presence. porn had become increasingly extreme or deviant. A team of researchers looked at the most popular porn films and found out that 88% of films contain physical violence. Daniel Johnston, Reading Area Community College Pron has sexualized violence. Research has also found that watching degrading porn THE PALE KING OF POSTMODERNISM increases users’ dominating and harassing behavior toward women, and leaves the Through an in depth examination of the social climate responsible for postmodernist user feeling less compassion for rape victims. The purpose of this research paper is to literature, consideration of David Foster Wallace and his resulting influence on the provide policy recommendation and a greater understanding issues of sex trafficking. literary world will be investigated. The resulting information stands to demonstrate merit in the often overlooked art of stream of consciousness writing, as will be demonstrated through an analyzation of Wallace’s concluding body of work, The Pale King. Said examination stands to demonstrate the aforementioned merit inherent to stream of consciousness writing through use of a variety of literary analytical tools, ultimately culminating in an appreciation for postmodernist literature. The resulting effects of which, are discussed below.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 7 4/13/15 11:21 AM Robyn Philactos, Reading Area Community College John Wright, Alvernia University JOURNALISM 2.0: SAVING THE STUDENT NEWSPAPER ON A COMMUNITY THE EXCITING WORLD OF CARD COUNTING COLLEGE CAMPUS In this paper, card counting will be discussed. First this paper will talk about the This presentation focuses on the process of reviving a flagging student newspaper history of card counting. Then it will talk about two games (Pinochle and Black Jack) at Reading Area Community College (Reading, PA) amid student apathy, which is in which card counting can be used and how it can be used. Next this paper will symptomatic of the general culture’s disinterest in traditional news formats. In this give in-depth detail about the math behind card counting. Then it will talk about presentation, the Editor in Chief of the Front Street Journal will explain the recruitment the legality of card counting and give some famous examples of people getting in and coordination of a new staff that transformed the newspaper into a magazine trouble for counting cards illegally. Next it will talk about situations where you can and online newspaper. In this presentation, the editor will explain the difficulties count cards legally and get an advantage while playing cards. Finally, the paper will of fostering student journalism at a community college, where there is a seemingly conclude with some possible future research I can do on this topic. small number of newsworthy events and limited student interest. By transforming this student publication into a sustainable contemporary format, the staff learned that Aaron Yuros, Alvernia University though they needed to make allowances for the style of contemporary journalism, they MATHEMATICAL DEDUCTIVE REASONING APPLIED TO SUDOKU AND LOGIC PUZZLES were able to keep the institution and practice of the Fourth Estate alive on campus. Deductive reasoning is the process of taking one or more statements under consideration to reach a logically certain conclusion. When applied to real world situations, deductive reasoning is apparent everywhere from noticing a missing battery is needed to power a remote controller, to the taste of a meal lacking a certain ingredient. In mathematics, Paper Session 1-H deductive reasoning can be best shown in the form of a puzzle. Sudoku puzzles, which Roessner Hall 205, 8:30-9:30 A.M. require a numerical approach, and traditional logic puzzles, which while not appearing to require numerical mathematics, utilize mathematical logic. Although two separate Evan Bulcavage, Alvernia University puzzles entirely, the process behind solving each does not vary much. Each requires USING MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TO BETTER UNDERSTAND SPORTS OR a necessity for background knowledge in mathematical logic and deductive reasoning ENHANCE ATHLETE PERFORMANCE in order to correctly solve the problem. Sports are a significant resource the world uses for physical, financial, and entertainment purposes. While not every individual enjoys athletic activity, any child who receives an education knows about different kinds of sports due to school teams and physical education class. Every competitive game has a set of rules that Paper Session 2-A players or competitors have to abide. At first glance, athletes may think that they fully Roessner Hall 101, 9:45-10:45 A.M. understand a particular game. However, there is more to sports than meets the eye. One can use science and mathematics to understand sports at a deeper level. Not Brad Ohlinger, Albright College only that, sports science can be used to enhance an athlete’s performance by properly AN INVESTIGATION OF HUMAN PREFERENCE BETWEEN KINSHIP AND RECIPROCITY educating them about otherwise overlooked elements of the game. Various sports will Altruistic behaviors are actions in which an individual decreases their own fitness to be examined in a scientific or mathematical approach to gain further insight about increase the fitness of another individual. At the surface, altruistic behaviors seem to certain components of the game. Since sports are physical in nature, much of the be problematic to evolutionary theory. However, inclusive fitness theory and reciprocal discussion will be related to geometry, physics, statistics, and basic arithmetic. Not altruism can explain the evolution of altruism. My study attempted to determine every single sport will be mentioned; however, the mindset suggested can be applied whether human altruists prefer benefits attributed to kinship, or benefits attributed to to any sport of one’s choosing. reciprocity. In order to do this, Hamilton’s equation was used to compare the relative benefits of recommending a non-reciprocating kin candidate and a reciprocating Robert Kelly, Alvernia University non-kin candidate for a job with increased pay. Participants were asked to report the THE FORMATION OF THE CALENDAR THROUGH MATHEMATICS likelihood of recommending non-reciprocating kin and non-kin reciprocators for a job Every day people all over the world use time, whether its five minutes left in a with increased pay. Analyses of variance revealed that benefits due to kinship were lunch-break, an hour until the big game, or a week until that much needed vacation. significantly preferred over benefits attributed to reciprocity. This information can be Everybody is enveloped in it so much that rarely anybody stops to wonder, how did used to investigate the relative importance that kin selection and reciprocal altruism this magnificent marvel we call time come to be? Most people know that it has to may have played in the evolution of human altruism, as well as how they operate in do with the rotation and revolution of the earth, but that’s as far the average person the modern world today. cares to take it. However, the development of the calendar as we know it as far more complex and detailed than counting the number of times the sun passes by between Johnathnael Pena, Alvernia University seasons. The seasons, days, months, hours, minutes and seconds of a year are all THE DEATH PENALTY: EFFECTIVE OR NOT? brought down to mathematic approximations; approximations that are all dictated by Our society has always been governed by a system of laws put in place to maintain the orbit of earth around the light-giving source of life that is the sun. order. Throughout the evolution of society, a variety of way to deal with heinous crimes such as murder have been used. One of these “solutions” has been the use of the death penalty. Do the positive effects of the death penalty outweigh the negative

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 8 4/13/15 11:21 AM effects? This paper is a secondary analysis of data focusing on the effectiveness/ Jose Rodriguez, Reading Area Community College ineffectiveness of the death penalty. THE TRANSITION This presentation focuses on the influence of social environments on young children Rachel Powelson, Penn State Berks who are searching for identity in their lives, particularly those who are growing up in WHAT IS LOVE? A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF ROMANTIC PORTRAYAL IN SKINS the ghetto or barrio characterized by high rates of social problems. These young people This study investigates the portrayal of teenage love and romance as seen on the hit often try to satisfy the expectations of their social contexts and put themselves at risk teen show Skins. If romance is portrayed as one dimensional and possibly regressive, for crime and violence. However, if taken out of such socially toxic environments and teenagers could grow up thinking that this negative connotation is how love works. placed in a neighborhood that generates positive experiences, they can unlearn these A qualitative content analysis was done on the first season of Skins. Specifically negative patterns of behavior. The speaker, by sharing his own story, will discuss the verbal and non verbal communication about teenage romance is analyzed. Themes harsh reality of growing up in the ghetto and positive life changing moments. of traditional ideas of love, gender representations of couples, the importance of attractiveness, and complications of love emerge from this study. Complications Tia Thomas, Alvernia University of love was the most present theme throughout the season of Skins. These results MUSIC AS A TOOL suggest that if romance is portrayed as this complicated aspect, teenagers could The connection between mathematics and music is very prominent. Also in the latest grow up thinking that this negative connotation is how love works. Further research news America is behind in the math and sciences. Is there something we can do at could look into if this has a factor in the increasing divorce rate. this point to help our students? As music and math are strongly connected, there have been studies that support the fact that music improves cognitive abilities. We Michael Syrylo, Alvernia University can possibly use the connection between math and music to unlock cognitive blocks VICTIMS: A TREK THROUGH JUAREZ AND THE SEA and imbed information. This presentation will analyze how music can be incorporated Using victimology concepts, topics such as Human Trafficking, Honor Based Violence, into, not only mathematics and the sciences but all the subject areas, and can lead and the Women of Juarez will be discussed and analyzed. A brief history of each our students to a better future. subject will be uncovered and connected to today’s issues and incarnations for each topic. An effort will be made to promote understanding and analyze each issue Destini Torres, Albright College and how it pertains to international issues facing women and the Criminal Justice JAMAICAN CUISINE System on a daily basis. A combination of historical evidence and case studies will For my sociology class, I had the opportunity to conduct an ethnographic field work be included in order to provide reasons and theories for each continuing problem and project. The field work project helped steered some of us away from ethnocentric what can be done to ensure its resolution. Keywords: Victimology; Human Trafficking; ideologies that some Americans have. The qualitative research was on Jamaican Honor Based Violence; Women of Juarez cuisine. The research touches upon history and how it has influenced the present. It also touches upon how a neighborhood influences the restaurant. The three restaurants (two of which are located in New York City and one in Reading, PA) will be compared and contrasted to one another. With the experiences in each restaurant, I Paper Session 2-B conducted face to face interviews with customers who tasted the spices of Jamaican Roessner Hall 102, 9:45-10:45 A.M. food on their taste buds. The interviews uncovered the individuals’ intentions of immersing themselves in a new culture and some background information of the Matthew Qualio, Alvernia University individuals to understand who she was. Once I stepped into each restaurant; I was a HOW TO HAVE YOUR CAKE AND EAT IT TOO nonparticipant observer, using my senses to capture what surrounded me. After five The management and distribution of resources are circumstances that dictate the minutes, I became a full participant, interviewing individuals or having small talk with very fabric in which humans interact. A lack of fair division amongst all participants workers or other customers. Going to Jamaican restaurants in “major” cities, gave has the tendency to cause great conflict and result in outcomes that are less than me the opportunity to learn of new cultures which allowed me to gain the quality of desirable by all. It is for this very reason that the optimization of these particular cultural relativism. circumstances are studied in both mathematics and Game Theory. It is through the specific Cake-Cutting Problem that applications of a fair distribution of resources can be observed. By examining this scenario of resource distribution mathematically, it can be theorized as to whether a fair division of resources in a given scenario is Paper Session 2-C possible. If fair division is possible, the value or quality of the resource will never be Roessner Hall 104, 9:45-10:45 A.M. eliminated, resulting in equal satisfaction amongst all participants. It is through the examination of this Cake-Cutting Problem that outcomes and methods can be applied Samantha Asher, Kutztown University to areas of business, economics, and any field that follows this particular mode of COMPARISON OF THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF UDP-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE distribution. PYROPHOSPHORYLASE-1 GENE IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AND DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER Bioinformatics search of the genome of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, has identified two highly homologous genes, TcUAP1 and TcUAP2, that encode for

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 9 4/13/15 11:21 AM enzymes that are closely related to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylases Drosophila species. The results are still being collected and analyzed but appear to (UAPs). Previous studies have shown that the UAP is needed for chitin formation be coinciding with the proposed hypothesis. and protein glycosylation in many species, but the specific roles of the enzymes are not clearly understood in Tribolium. To better understand the functions of the UAP Tyler VanBlargan, Albright College enzymes, we compared the production of TcUAP1 mRNA in the red flour beetle and CRACKING THE SAFECRACKER 40 the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, during larval and adult stages of development. Safecracker 40 is a wooden puzzle made by Creative Crafthouse which involves Total RNA was isolated from larval and adult tissues from both insects using the arranging three rotating disks so that the column sums are 40. We proved the Qiagen RNeasy Kit. The cDNAs were synthesized using Polymerase Chain Reaction, manufacturer’s claim that Safecracker 40 has exactly one solution using logic and a TcUAP1-specific primers, reverse transcriptase, and the Thermo Scientific Phusion computer program specially designed for the project. We investigated the possibility RT-PCR kit. cDNAs were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. The Kodak Gel of variations of the puzzle having multiple solutions. To gain some perspective, Logic 200 photo-documentation equipment was used to visualize and document we analyzed smaller versions. Although not a complete analysis, we provided an the cDNAs. Our results have shown that in T. castaneum, the TcUAP1 mRNAs were upper bound for the number of possible solutions the Safecracker 40 can have if produced in both larval and adult stages, while only the larval stage produced TcUAP1 manufactured with different numbers. mRNA in D. melanogaster.

Michael Mfarej, Penn State Berks EVIDENCE FOR RETINAL PROTEINS IN HALOSIMPLEX CARLSBADENSE Paper Session 2-D Halophilic archaea (a.k.a. halobacteria) live in hypersaline environments and depend Roessner Hall 105, 9:45-10:45 A.M. upon solar energy to drive several physiological processes. Four transmembrane proteins of the rhodopsin superfamily play an integral role in the photochemical Julia Becker, Reading Area Community College physiology of halobacteria. More specifically, bacteriorhodopsin, halorhodopsin and MAGICAL REALISM IN TONI MORRISON’S NOVEL “SONG OF SOLOMON” two sensory rhodopsins function in metabolism and the maintenance of membrane This spring I will be researching and working on a term paper exploring the literary potential. Despite the fact that these four proteins are conserved among most theory of Magical Realism for a Composition and Literature class. The work will cover halobacteria species, the four rhodopsin isomers have yet to be identified in a newly the use of Magical Realism primarily through Toni Morrison’s 1977 novel “Song of discovered halobacteria species called Halosimplex carlsbadense. The goal of the Solomon,” and I will present this paper through an oral presentation at the conference. research conducted herein is to investigate the presence of rhodopsins in H. simplex and determine the relatedness of these rhodopsins to other halobacterium. To do Holly Bream, Kutztown University this, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for all four rhodopsin genes have THE GROWING HISPANIC POPULATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE BUSINESS been collected from three other halobacteria species, Haloarcula marismortui, AND PROFESSIONAL WORK ENVIRONMENT Halobacterium salinarum and Halobacterium walsbyi, and used to amplify putative The following report studies the growing Hispanic population in the United States rhodopsin genes in H. simplex. The successful PCR products were then transformed and how that population is making an impact in the business and professional work into Escherichia coli, extracted from the transformed cells and sequenced. The results environment. Some key points that are mentioned are what companies should do to presented here suggest that indeed H. simplex does possess all four rhodopsin adapt to the changes, where the Hispanic population is growing the most, and why isomers and the genetic sequence for these rhodopsins are most related to H. it is growing at such a rapid rate. It also mentions what the future composition of the marismortui and H. walsbyi. United States workforce will look like, what it currently looks like, and the challenges that Hispanic entrepreneurs face when trying to start a business. Latina women and Katlyn Roginsky, Alvernia University women of color are researched as well as influential Hispanic leaders at local, state, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BY D. MELANOGASTER AS A MODEL FOR STUDYING and national levels. ALCOHOLISM IN HUMANS Drosophila melanogaster has long been used as a model organism for the study of Jazzmyn Brown, Julia Becker, Hy Lam, Reading Area Community College ethanol exposure, tolerance, and effects. Drosophila are a useful model organism CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF “LOVE MEDICINE” BY LOUISE ERDRICH due to the similarities in genetic composition between Drosophila and human beings. Louise Erdrich, author of Love Medicine, exposes the reader to a unique perspective Ethanol exposure has been shown to produce similar effects in both Drosophila through her characters in the novel, pulling content from her own Native American and human beings. An experiment conducted to determine the effects of varying heritage. A focus on cultural analysis will be implemented in the paper to determine ethanol concentrations on the reproduction and life cycle of wild type Drosophila and how Erdrich illustrates the Native American way of thinking in certain situations, a mutant Drosophila lacking the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase was conducted. The perspective unique to the Native American culture and way of life and foreign to many hypothesis was that higher concentrations of ethanol exposures would be detrimental people living in North America. to the reproduction and life cycle of Drosophila while the lower ethanol concentrations will show no effects on the reproduction and life cycle of the test subjects in the wild Crystal Casiano, Kutztown University type group whereas any ethanol environment will negatively impact the Drosophila MAGICAL REALISM: REEXAMINING THE PAST mutant test subjects. The experimental ethanol exposures were 5%, 10%, 15%, and In this paper I seek to explain that Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits, Gabriel 20% ethanol added to the dry medium essential for laboratory experimentation with Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude, and Octavia Butler’s Wild Seed and

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 10 4/13/15 11:21 AM Kindred use magical realism to re-examine the past. Magical realism is unique in a line between innocence and power. Using it as a weapon to dehumanize a famous that it allows for real life to be displayed with all its callousness, while still including actor who had previously used the media’s way of manipulating its audience to cover instances of the fantastical supernatural happenings. In their novels time travel, up his past. spirits, and magical happenings are used to connect generations past and present. In doing this they point out intergenerational relativity among characters and events Alexis Hawthorne, Albright College such as the coups and revolutions that take place in the Latin American countries of THE CREATION OF A SANCTUARY Allende and Marquez’s novels. Butler, an African American author, shows the legacy “Sanctuary: a place where someone or something is protected or given shelter” of slavery over several generations. The magical happenings act as a means of (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). In “The Creation of a Sanctuary,” I describe—step by interpretation of real life. Therefore the juxtaposition of real and magical, and past step, emotions included—how I took a basement space and released my creativity and present forces readers to look back from whence they came, while also looking into redecorating my own, first-time-ever, personal sanctuary—my room. In this forward toward where they are going. essay I explore the correlation between creativity, self-development and actualization using high-sensory description combined with narrative. By incorporating my own personal experience, releasing pent-up emotion and stress, I come to realize that the process underlying interior décor has allowed me to develop as my own individual— Paper Session 2-E ensuring selfhood—in a highly packed and active household. Roessner Hall 201, 9:45-10:45 A.M.

Taryn Gehman, Kutztown University IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS LEADING TO GENOCIDE WITHIN POST-COLONIAL Paper Session 2-F AFRICA Roessner Hall 203, 9:45-10:45 A.M. My research focuses on the ideological elements that often necessitate genocide within African post-colonial nations, especially within Nigeria. The presence of Keyana Kern, Kutztown University imperial aggressors and their ideological frameworks within Africa have led to state PROBLEMS WITH SOLVING INDUCTION structures that are not appropriate for their citizens. Thus, my research considers The problem of induction is essentially boiled down to trying to provide justification for the “structuring” of the state structure and its tendency to remove citizens’ agency to affirming the consequent, which is what induction does, as a valid procedure. We only influence or act within the state. In order to do so, I theoretically situate a structure wish to do this because this is the method science uses to confirm it’s hypotheses. and its respective agents through Alexander Wendt’s social and political theory of There seems to be two roads for people who wish to solve the problem of induction to Constructivism and consider Chimamanda Adichie’s novel Half of a Yellow Sun. go down, either try to justify induction and work out a system for how it would work or declare that it is a non-problem and give an alternative method to justify scientific Joshua Grant, Reading Area Community College theories. I intend to investigate some of the most popular solutions to the problem GLOBALIZATION THROUGH IMPERIALISTIC MEDIA and analyze and criticize them. I am going to discuss Goodman’s New Problem of The purpose of this research is to explore the effects that media of imperialistic Induction, Bayesianism as well as work by Hempel, Carnap, Popper and others. countries has on the culture and identities of indigenous peoples, theorize whether or not these events could be intentional, and suggest the objectives behind those Erich Lenz, Kutztown University influences. This will be done by studying historic timelines of specific countries or THE LIGHT SHINES ON: HOW AMERICA PRESERVES IT’S HISTORIC LIGHTHOUSES groups to discern how and when these influences effected them, and by stating how Lighthouses are an enduring folk symbol all around the world. In addition to serving the disseminator of this media could benefit from those repercussions. Works from as symbols of our relationship with the sea, they represent strength, guidance and authors such as Arif Dirlik, Rey Chow, and Simon Gikandi will be used as a basis for safety. The spiritual and emotional connection with lighthouses is perhaps the the suggestions and correlations made in this study. driving factor behind America’s determination to preserve these icons of its maritime history. The first lighthouses in America were erected along the eastern seaboard Jake Hangen, Reading Area Community College during colonial times. More often than not, these structures were chartered by the GIRLS GIRLS GIRLS : A SHORT READING government, although many of America’s finest lights were built and operated by Lights. Lights everywhere. They danced across the tile floor, the little tables.(...)The private interests along the shore. To this day, the United States Coast Guard still sweat dripped off men’s foreheads in adoration. Hands shook with temptation. A “No owns and operates most of these remaining properties that have not yet been ceded Physical Contact” sign kept them at bay. The music hung in the air, filling dead space to the private sector. The successful preservation of America’s historical lighthouses and awkward silence. Not loud enough to hum through the alleys but enough to keep relies on a combination of efforts led by the government, the private sector, as everything moving and alive.(...)Ariadne laid on the cusp of the stage on her back. Her well as close working relationships between the two entities. The lighthouses of hair rolled off the edge like a golden storm, barely grasping the floor. She propped her the Mid-Atlantic region are the primary focus in this presentation, including Civil fish-netted feet up on the pole and watched a familiar silhouette approach her. “You War hero and Philadelphia native George Gordon Meade’s iconic Barnegat Light look stunning,” The shadow said. She closed her eyes and smiled. She won. She got in Ocean County, New Jersey. This paper, originally written for a public history him--that guy from that movie with Jack Nicholson. That guy who was on all those course, incorporates research on both primary and secondary sources, including covers of GQ. In this short story, titled “Girls Girls Girls”, the protagonist, Ariadne walks government documents and reports.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 11 4/13/15 11:21 AM Rachel Roseman, Albright College Misha Holt, Albright College HEREISTHEFAMILYMOTHERFATHERDICKANDJANE: AN ANALYSIS OF PARENTING REBIRTH IN THE WOMAN IN THE DUNES AND THE DICK AND JANE READERS IN MORRISON’S THE BLUEST EYE In The Woman in the Dunes by Abe Kobo, a man finds himself trapped among the The heart of Morrison’s The Bluest Eye is an indictment of the American education dunes. He is left in the care of a woman. This is an abrupt change of environment system and popular culture for perpetuating a dichotomy between white culture and for him and he struggles to find a way to keep to his sense of justice while trying to black experience. Most notably through allusions to the Dick and Jane reader, Morrison attempt an escape. In both cases, he is unsuccessful. Instead, he is forced to go highlights how American education and culture is directed towards white middle class through a process of rebirth, finding order out of the chaos that the dunes threw him families. Those who cannot identify with the Dick and Jane reader subsequently into. When he first comes to the dunes, he refuses to give in to the villagers who he become “the other,” those who are alienated simply by being, such as the Breedloves. sees as his captors. However, as time drags on and his attempts at escape fail, he is They internalize the values taught by Dick and Jane, reinforcing an unachievable forced to give up. In the end, he decides to willingly stay as the result of discovering white standard of beauty and life, thereby emphasizing the caste system of the capillary action in the sand. The sand represented the state of chaos that the new master narrative and situating themselves into roles antithetical to white “goodness.” environment left him in. The discovery of water and the result of previous events The Bluest Eye is about dependency on society for identification, self-value and the gave life to a newer self and so he has reborn, just as order was reborn out of chaos. subsequent cycle of violence that emerges when one is alienated from developing self-worth. The Dick and Jane reader symbolizes what is detrimental about the entire Brandon Mowery, Kutztown University education institution; the Breedloves learn their hatred and physical violence by means BY VISUALIZING THE IMPOSSIBLE, YOU BEGIN TO SEE IT AS POSSIBLE of learning to hate themselves. Morrison suggests that the complexity of the African The philosophical theory about possible worlds has become more of a popular topic American spirit is fraught with white tensions, putting sanity in peril. in philosophy today. The 17th century philosopher Leibniz has a theory of possible worlds, which I shall argue against. He states that this world is the best possible Nate Rothermel, Albright College world that god would create. Even if this world is the best possible world, and if other ACTORS IN LITERATURE: AN EXPLORATION OF ACTING IN THE CATCHER IN THE possible worlds exist, I believe that other possible worlds could be better than the RYE, THE BLUEST EYE, AND LOSING MY COOL actual world we live in. I will use articles from David Lewis to prove how Leibniz’s Shakespeare is one of the most influential and genius playwrights of all time. Within theory is wrong. David Lewis says that all possible worlds and their contents are many of his works, Shakespeare explores the concept of theatre, uncovering the job equally real. He takes worlds to be primitives and insists that his realist interpretation of an actor and the role acting plays in our everyday lives. In fact, Shakespeare is not of possibilia is merely a formalization of our common-sense thinking about a particular alone in his exploration of theatre and, more specifically, the ways in which people use mode in which something exists, experiences, or expresses. I shall consider Modal acting to make sense of their environment. Many authors incorporate Shakespeare’s Realist philosophers, such as Mondadori and Morton, who object to Lewis’ approach. theory of acting into their works, elevating character dynamics and adding an intricate They argue that modal notions can be understood independently of any reference to relationship between characters and the worlds in which they live. J.D. Salinger’s The possible worlds or possible objects. Challenging Leibniz’s theory on possible worlds Catcher in the Rye, Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, and Thomas Chatterton Williams’s using articles by David Lewis might show that other possible worlds are better than Losing My Cool reveal that Shakespeare’s theory remains relevant today: How much the actual world we live in. of what we are, how we interact with others and the intent of our everyday actions are simply unconscious elements supporting Shakespeare’s theory? Are the characters we Laura Wimbrow, Albright College read in literature simply actors? More importantly, are we simply actors? All of these HUMANITY STOLEN BY THE SANDS ideas are explored in Nate Rothermel’s piece, “Actors in Literature: An exploration of My essay entitled “Humanity Stolen by the Sands” discusses dehumanization and acting in The Catcher in the Rye, The Bluest Eye, and Losing My Cool.” the distinction between human and animal, as evidenced in Kobo Abe’s novel The Woman in the Dunes. As Abe’s main characters-- Niki Jumpei and a nameless woman-- become partnered and trapped in a sand dune lodging, such themes as Paper Session 2-G slavery, loss of individuality, isolation, and animal-like behavior to a nebulous sense of Roessner Hall 204, 9:45-10:45 A.M. humanity. Referenced are Marroum’s scholarly article “Sands of Imprisonment” and Disanyake’s “Self, Place, and Body.” Amanda Briggs, Alvernia University HAUSTAFELN IN EPHESIANS AND COLOSSIANS: EVIDENCE OF PAULINE AUTHORSHIP? Scholars and learned theologians across the centuries have debated the authenticity of authorship as it applies to Paul’s letters found in the New Testament. It has now Paper Session 3-A come to be regarded as common knowledge that only half of the letters found within Roessner Hall 101, 1:15-2:15 P.M. the New Testament are to be considered genuinely Pauline. This assumption has historically been based, in part, on stylistic differences and theological ideas that Brian Anderson, Albright College seem farther advanced than we routinely ascribe to Paul. However, through careful CONCISE AND NUMBERED: WRITING FOR MAXIMUM EFFECT examination and comparison with genuine Pauline writings, it will effectively be This project involves two pieces that I wrote for potential publication as a journalist, argued that Ephesians and Colossians contain within their Haustafeln the very same and concern health and fitness. Using quotes from presentations by a fitness teachings and beliefs as Paul was so well known for throughout his ministry. professional, Alison Burke, and a nutrition expert, Jill Zelinsky, I boiled down the core

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 12 4/13/15 11:21 AM elements of helpful advice that each had to offer an audience. The results could have Paper Session 3-B spanned ten or more pages; however, my goal was to make this health and lifestyle Roessner Hall 102, 1:15-2:15 P.M. information as easy to digest as possible--so that the readers (reading online, in a newsletter, or even a phone message)--would get maximum impression to actually Jared Moser, Penn State Berks make a lifestyle change for the better. A NATION OF SOLDIERS: RUSSIAN CULTURAL FUNDAMENTALS OBSERVED THROUGH ITS MILITARY PRACTICES Matthew Bello, Irving Guzman, Kutztown University Throughout Russia’s history, its people have been shaped by social, political, and CREATING BILINGUAL BOOKS FOR THE ESL CLASSROOM physical extremes. The necessity to adapt to these extremes can be seen over the Phonemic awareness and literacy skills in a first language help facilitate literacy course of Russian history especially when taking a look at the country’s military from development in a second language. This pedagogical principle has been well the birth of the USSR up until present day. Military history provides an almost perfect exploited in teaching English speakers Spanish, but is less frequently applied in window into what fundamentally comprises nations when attempting to understand teaching Spanish speakers English as a second language. We created a bilingual their culture, economic prosperity, and what its people regard as priority. When book to be used as a resource in the ESL classroom by scaffolding students’ literacy studying Russia’s military history throughout the communist era of the former Soviet skills in their first language, Spanish. Learners will be able to relate the Spanish to the Union, right up to modern day Russia, one will be able to see clear similarities as well English in order to better comprehend the language and develop their English skills. as distinct differences in Russian values and culture. In the writing process, we faced many challenging decisions and learned quickly that translation and bilingualism are not one-to-one systems by any means. Among other Justine Smith, Albright College things, the author’s first language, as well as the learners’ first language, significantly A COMPARTIVE LOOK AT FAITH AFTER SURVIVAL IN AUSCHWITZ impacts the creation of the original as opposed to the translated version of the text. I will be reseraching how people of different faiths reacted in a religious context to the horrors of Auschwitz. Whether or not their faith was strengthened or lost because of Denise Castro, Penn State Berks their experiences. I will be reading an autobiography written by a Christian (Corrie Ten THE INFLUENCE OF CLASSROOM BLOGGING ON WRITING DEVELOPMENT AND Boom’s “The Hiding Place”), a Jew who lost their faith (Elie Wiesel’s “Night Triology”), STUDENT ENGAGEMENT AT THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL a Jew who kept their faith(Victor Frankel’s “Man’s Search for Meaning”) and an Blogs have captured the attention of educators as a way to integrate technology into athiest (Primo Levi “Survival at Auschwitz”). I will also looke at The Faith and Doubt the classroom. While research exists that explores classroom blogging’s educational of Holocaust Survivors by Brenner which is a comparitive study. I will then use my benefits, it is limited almost entirely to its use in secondary and college level classes. research to discover how faith played a role in survival of the death camps and if what This paper reports on an exploratory case study investigating how classroom blogging impact the death camps had on faith itself. influences second-grade writing development and student engagement in the writing process. An analysis of the 22 second-grade pre- and post-blogging student-writing Hanna Szigeti, Albright College samples, field notes and post-blogging surveys will produce findings exploring their UNCONVENTIONAL CHARACTERS OF THE 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN LITERARY CANON writing development and engagement. Since literature is limited in this area the What defines an exceptional American character? Does the definition stem from the outcomes help illustrate how technology is a prominent part of 21st century classrooms way a character appears physically? Does the economic situation determine his or and informs the ways in which students can engage in authentic writing tasks. her inimitability as a character? These are a few of the effectual questions that I highlight in my examination of atypical American characters. Jordan Thomas, Kutztown University By exploring the lives of Willa Cather and John Steinbeck, one may begin to understand METHODOLOGY OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION the unconventional nature of their characters. The characters in My Antonia, Sapphira An important debate in bilingual education is that of whether or not to use the and the Slave Girl, and Of Mice and Men are prime examples of non-normative native language (L1) in the English as a Second Language (L2) classroom. Many characters in 20th century American literature. These characters embody at least educators believe that L1 belongs at home and not in the ESL classroom, and those one characteristic that removes them from categorization as “average.” Cultural, teachers follow a more English only approach. However, studies suggest that those racial, gender, and intellectual distinctions separate them from achieving a status students may not progress as fast or as effectively as those that learn both languages of normalcy in American literature. Within my analysis of Cather’s work, I focus on simultaneously in a more immersive environment. feminism and gender distinctions. Many of Cather’s female characters are like young My research focuses on the methodology of teaching ESL, specifically to those who men. The protagonist in My Antonia and the protagonist in Sapphira and the Slave already have Spanish as L1. In this paper, I explore the following three specific Girl evade rape. My analysis shall examine modern stereotypes surrounding gender approaches to ESL methodology: 1) Immersion: teaching English language only, with and immigration. Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men contains unconventional characters. emphasis on the needs of ESL learners; 2) Mainstream submersion: which involves These characters include a woman defined by gender, a man defined by race, and a teaching content areas such as Social Studies, Math and Science in English, without man defined by intellect. the support or scaffolding of ESL instruction; 3) Maintenance/Heritage Language: teaching English while using Spanish as a “bridge” to improve both L1 and L2 literacy. Jerri Waradzin, Alvernia University Empirical evidence and recent research have shown that L1 literacy predicts WOMEN OF THE OLD TESTAMENT successful L2 literacy acquisition. Furthermore, the maintenance/heritage language The Old Testament is a collection of human experiences that have been preserved approach raises self-efficacy among learners due to the awareness and support of L1. for thousands of years. It involves folk stories, laws, myths, crimes and punishments.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 13 4/13/15 11:21 AM However, the issues themselves are far from ancient, and one group still is struggling Jacob Whiteley, Kutztown University to be heard, women. Our biblical stories let us take advantage of the lack of proximity THE SPAINISH RECONQUEST between our culture and that of our ancient past. There are violent crimes against Spain during the medieval ages was a battlefield between Christianity and Islam. women in our bible that we may prefer to not think about. However, the only reasonable When the Muslim forces invaded Spain in 711 they brought a far superior civilization reaction to injustice is telling the story of the victim. The more gruesome tales in our than anything the Spanish people had seen before, while the Arabs were more bible need to be heard, because these are the stories of real human victims. If these superior culturally, the Spanish Christians developed a crusading mentality that would stories are glossed over, it tells women that the stories of female victims and heroes eventually unify the Christian in their attempts to regain the territory that was lost to are not needed by the Church today. It would be wrong to not learn from Sarah, Jael, the Muslims. The Reconquest unified the kingdoms of Spain and helped create the Jephthah, Lot, and Judith, and it would be a greater sin to ignore their victims. Their Spanish Identity. victims are our neighbors, daughters, friends, and sisters. Ignoring their stories only continues the systematic degradation of women. Paper Session 3-D Roessner Hall 105, 1:15-2:15 P.M.

Paper Session 3-C Mahdi Chaker, Michael Cimerola, Penn State Lehigh Valley Roessner Hall 104, 1:15-2:15 P.M. STRENGTHENING CONNECTIONS: INTUITIVE INTERFACES FOR LIFE STORY WORK IN ELDER CARE Mason Seewagen, Reading Area Community College It is projected that the number of people using nursing facilities, alternative residential BIG DATA ON SELF-REFERENCIAL LITERATURE care places, or home care services will increase nearly twofold: from 15 million in Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral” is a character study of a husband whose disengaging 2000 to 27 million in 2050. Life story work, a foundational component of Person- narration purposefully under develops several literary elements, most importantly Centered Care, is becoming recognized as increasingly important in resident care plot, to depict his state of mind prior to his realization. The absence of these elements environments. Life story work has the potential to improve individualized care, ultimately supports the narrator’s realization at the end of the story. A self-referential facilitate transitions between environments in which dependence on caregivers moment in the story’s climax – whereat the narrator refers to his storytelling process increases, and most importantly foster connections between care staff, family – reveals the self-awareness of the narrator, which derives from creative acts of carers and residents. Software featuring an intuitive interface was designed to interpersonal communication. The use of dialog, which was previously subdued replace current collection methods, enhancing the entire life story collection process. throughout the story, surrounds the narrator’s epiphany. A statistical analysis of the By digitizing the process, the ease of analysis of life story information allows for use of these mimetic clusters by the narrator may further support a change in the identifying significant commonalities that would not present themselves via paper narrative pattern, and therefore, proof of the narrator’s realization. form, resulting in improvements in care planning and delivery.

Joshua Steinberg, Kutztown University Robyn Philactos, Trevor Metterhauser, Wesley Gehman, Lauren Jones, Reading Area IMPLICATE ME, BABY! Community College In his 1975 article “Logic and Conversation,” Herbert Paul Grice formulates the CRITICAL REFLECTION ON THE PRODUCTION PROCESS formal structure and general criteria of our so-called conversational implicatures. A This session focuses on the steps of publishing from submission selection to final text conversational implicature is a meaning that is conveyed through natural language design and publication. The speakers, who are all staff members of Legacy, RACC’s without being neither explicitly expressed nor logically entailed by statements which annual journal, will discuss the intellectual and practical issues of content creation are explicitly expressed, but which nevertheless are suggested and understood. Grice and the challenges involved in soliciting submissions, overseeing editing, creating the posits four broad maxims of conversation, which once we know, can work out when look and style of the journal, and working with a printing company. a conversational implicature is being used. It seems that Grice is simply right in his assessment in how we, in fact, use implicatures in conversation in certain cultures Erika Sallavanti, Nicole Fetchko, Dakota Hirst, Michael Lineman, Kutztown University and times. I claim that more general maxims of conversation can be discovered, from MOTIVATIONS FOR AND CONSTRAINTS OF PLAYING FANTASY SPORTS which Grice´s can be derived, which apply to all cultures in all places in all times. Fantasy sports are a multi-billion dollar industry with millions of people partaking in this phenomenon. Fantasy sports give the participants the opportunity to manage London Stever, Albright College their players and teams and compete with other fantasy players. Past research has THEMATIC COMPARISON OF TWO JAPANESE SHORT STORIES identified three main motivational factors of playing fantasy sports: social interaction, Fish act as vessels of moral instruction in Masuji Ibuse’s “Carp” and Ton Satomi’s competition, and entertainment/escape (Dwyer & Kim, 2011). There has been “Blowfish”. Duty and honor are two important traits in Japanese culture, but Ibuse’s little research on constraints of playing fantasy sports. The purpose of this study narrator and Satomi’s Jitsukawa Endo lack both. This essay reviews the role fish play is to examine the most prominent motivational factors influencing fantasy sport in these two short stories, their symbolism and what transformations they inspire in consumption, discover the constraints of playing fantasy sports, and the impact of the men. The authors punish vanity and negligence in two distinct short stories, united fantasy sport participation on sport media consumption. We collected data from 97 by the use of fish as a tool. students attending Kutztown University (Female: 34 and Male: 63, Avg. age: 21.2

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 14 4/13/15 11:21 AM yrs.). Descriptive analysis on the SPSS program was utilized to analyze the data. Danielle Avington, Alvernia University The findings of this study indicated that “Competition” and “Entertainment” are the ANIMAL HAIR AND FIBER ANALYSIS USING FTIR most prominent participation motivation factors. “Lack of Time,” “Lack of Money,” Most animals, majority being mammals, have some form of hair or fur located on “Lack of Knowledge,” and “Social Embarrassment” were identified as constraints of their body. Hair and fur is unique to each species and therefore can be used to participating in fantasy sports. Fantasy sport users are more likely to consume sport identify the species to which a sample belongs. Four types of hair that are commonly media services than non-participants. The findings provide theoretical and practical found on animals would be vibrissa, bristle, special-purpose, and wool. Although implications to academic scholars and practitioners in the sport industry. hair can not one hundred percent identify an individual, it is still important part of evidence if collected at a crime scene. Hair collected can still be used to identify Hannah Pell, Lebanon Valley College the species, race, origin of the hair, and drug history. The analysis of animal hair and EXPLORING MUSICAL SPACE: A GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO ANALYSIS fibers using FTIR will be used to determine the different compositions of the samples It is no secret that mathematics and music are deeply interconnected. Both in comparison to each other. This research will aid in the better understanding of the disciplines are arguably quite abstract, exploit wonderful and natural symmetries, uses of FTIR for comparison of different samples and provide a data base of physical and generally seek to offer some sort of explanations (or demonstrations) of how characteristics of animal hair for academic purposes. This research was created to the world really works. Both musicians and mathematicians study various structures compare and contrast the IR spectra of various animal hairs. The results showed that and particular relationships between them. This paper will examine several ways in while many of the hair and fibers showed similarities, they also provided the viewer which mathematics (particularly ideas in group theory and topology) reinforces our with distinct differences. ability to analyze music from a new geometrical perspective. My hope is to provide clear and concise explanations and arguments suitable for both mathematicians with Sara Baum, Albright College background in such fields but have little to no music training, as well as an audience A PROSOPOGRAPHY OF PEWS of musicians who may not have much knowledge regarding the particular branches This research project helped to develop insights into the religious, economic, social, of mathematics I will be addressing. and political affiliations connecting Christ Church members, during the British Military occupation of Philadelphia (1777-1778). Christ Church was an Anglican, now Episcopal, church that housed a variety of people. Merchants, politicians, printers, etc. are found in the pew rental records of Christ Church’s Archives. Using secondary sources such as scholarly articles and monographs, and the deep and extensive primary source collections at The Historical Society of Pennsylvania we are able to POSTER PRESENTATIONS trace correspondence among the parishioners, familial connections, political loyalties, and business partnerships during revolutionary era Pennsylvania.

Poster Session 1 Elizabeth Bengtsson, Albright College Roessner Hall Atrium, 8:30-9:30 A.M. HOW EFFECTIVE IS TOTAL-PHYSICAL RESPONSE STORYTELLING IN AN EFL SETTING? In 1990 Blaine Ray created the Total Physical Response (TPR), a method designed to Therese Adgie, Albright College teach students new vocabulary in a new language. Total Physical Response Storytelling THE GROWTH RATES AND NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS OF BASIL GROWN IN (TPR-S) is based on research conducted by Krashen (2010) and Asher (1990) to ORGANIC, CONVENTIONAL, AND AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS improve literacy and vocabulary acquisition. In this study, we assessed the impact Despite high productivity and efficiency of the modern agricultural industry, agriculture TPR-S had on vocabulary acquisition for a group of 9 students between the ages of is still one of the leading producers of greenhouse gases, producing between 25-30% eight and twelve in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) setting. This study was of annual global emissions. In addition chemical fertilizers and pesticides utilized in conducted in Nicaragua to better understand how English is taught to EFL students. modern agriculture can have long term effects on the ecosystem. Various alternative Using a pretest and post-test the results show there was a significant increase in farming systems have the potential to mitigate such environmental ramifications, vocabulary acquisition at the end of the 3 weeks spent learning with TPR-S. though are currently being employed on a limited scale. However, the validity of alternative farming systems in terms of nutritional benefits is under investigated. To Lindsay Bittle, Jamie Dearie, Josephine Heil, Anissa Koperna, Alvernia University examine the effect of alternative farming systems on the crops that they produce, ANXIETY IN UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGE STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS basil cultivars were raised in three different systems (conventional, organic, and BY ACADEMIC GRADE LEVEL aquaponic) to investigate the effect that the farming system has on the growth rates This research study compares anxiety scores in college students by academic and nutritional components of the plant. Soil samples from each system were analyzed grade level. The researchers will be conducting a quantitative study using the to determine potential differences in percent carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen, and survey instrument Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7. The survey contains seven basil samples were analyzed to determine differences in protein and carbohydrate questions that address feelings of anxiety scored on the Likert scale. The researchers concentrations. Caloric content and soil nutrient content were also determined. will collect data from students in eight college classes. After the scores are calculated Preliminary findings indicate that there are biochemical differences between basil for each survey response the researchers will use a chi square to compare academic and soil from each system as well as differences in growth rates between aquaponic grade levels from freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Findings from the study and conventional basil cultivars. will be collected this semester. The researchers hypothesize that anxiety is positively

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 15 4/13/15 11:21 AM correlated with academic grade level. Other research data shows the prominence of thuringiensis except that the latter lacks the ability to activate gene expression of the anxiety in college students and their resistance to seek treatment. The study holds pathogenic factor on PXO2. From our data we concluded that the two homologous significance for faculty, staff, and other professionals at the university level, as well as plasmids, when transformed in the same cell, will show phenotypic similarity with other helping professionals in the field, such as social workers. Bacillus anthracis but will be unable to activate the toxin genes. Furthermore, this work also suggests that B.cereus, B.anthracis and potentially B.thuringiensis arose Michelle Boyer, Kelly Leon, Nellie Kabilizya, Penn State Berks from a common ancestral bacterium. IDENTIFICATION OF GENES ON THE SP10 VIRAL GENOME THAT INDUCES SPORULATION IN THE BACTERIUM BACILLUS SUBTILIS Daniel Cobb, Daigo Ndiaye, Penn State Berks The SP10 bacteriophage is a bacterial virus that carries genetic information in the ROBOTIC ARM PROSTHETIC form of nucleic acid. SP10 infects Bacillus subtilis and induces sporulation in this The purpose of this project is to inform public of the growing need for a inexpensive, bacterium. Mutations in the sporulation gene spo0J of B. subtilis lead to a spore yet reliable robotic arm prosthetic. There is a growing need for robotic arms for such negative phenotype, unless this mutant is infected with SP10. Understanding how clients as, military veterans, motor vehicle accident victims, and medical patients, SP10 causes induction of sporulation in wild type B. subtilis and conversion to a spore which can’t in most cases afford a robotic prosthetic, this could possibly be an option positive phenotype in the spo0J mutant is the focus of our project. We hypothesize that for them. Since most medical insurance companies will only pay for a non-robotic SP10 contains a spo0J homolog in its genome allowing for functional replacement of prosthetic, the client would be limited to basic functions such and raising/lowering the mutant spo0J in B. subtilis. The isolation of SP10 genomic DNA and subsequent their arm and grabbing basic objects. But, with a robotic arm, the client would have PCR analysis will determine if the viral DNA contains a form of the spo0J gene. a wider range of motion. Such motions as hand gestures, writing, holding, grabbing, among many. Gabriel Brill, Ursinus College ESTROGEN AND BISPHENOL A AND S REGULATE LYSOSOMAL PROTEOLYSIS; Joshua Davidson, Penn State Berks IMPLICATIONS FOR LUPUS FRICTIONLESS JOINT FOR BIOMECHANIC APPLICATIONS Cathepsins are proteases involved in general protein turnover and in immune function, With most mechanical applications, there are frictional forces that oppose motion, specifically antigen presenting cells (APC’S). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is create heat and dissipate energy. Specifically, within bio-mechanic applications, each an autoimmune disease in which small immune complexes deposit themselves into joint in a prosthetic arm or leg undergoes some magnitude of dissipative force. With the blood vessel walls leading to tissue-damaging inflammatory reactions. Patients my research, I intend to develop a joint using the repulsive interactions of magnetism with SLE have higher levels of estrogen hormone, whose receptor stimulates a to reduce friction to bear minimum. With proper allocation of permanent magnets, the cascade of events resulting in an enhanced autoimmune response, specifically in joint will rotate freely due to the elimination of the frictional force. In turn, the idea is to APC’s. This stimulation affects the complement system, and increases activity of counter the magnetic repulsion with a fixture of elastic bands that will be flexible and the humoral immune system. Environmental endocrine disruptors with a similar still provide a degree of stability. My project is at the initial stages of development and chemical structures as estrogen, Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bisphenol S (BPS)---found currently there are three designs for bio-mechanic application. Each design rotates in household objects made of plastic-bind to estrogen receptors leading to adverse in a plane but the magnets are oriented and positioned differently in each of them. effects on our bodies. Previous studies in our lab have shown that estrogen and BPA The design must be small and convenient but sturdy enough to support applied load. regulates cathepsin activity in immune cells, which varies between control C57B1/6 Finding the proper design and placement for the magnets has been trial and error mice and lupus-prone NZB WF/1 mice. We now show that cathepsins are differentially approach. The goal is to design a joint that can be used cooperatively as finger joints regulated by physiological and environmental estrogens. Additionally, we examined within a mechanical hand. cathepsin activity in samples pretreated with Fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor agonist. Our results suggest that the normal and lupus-prone mice react differently to Michael Faust, Taylor Hollenbach, Penn State Berks both physiological and environmental estrogens, that the response is dose dependent EVALUATING FE2+ CONTENT USING A COLORIMETRIC ASSAY TO COMPARE and regulated through the estrogen receptor. ACCURACY OF A STANDARD CURVE AND STANDARD ADDITION METHODS This work evaluates a colorimetric assay used to determine the Fe2+ content in Hannah Burton, Bryan Williams, Penn State Berks various vitamins. A linear range was established for a standard curve to determine GENEOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF THE VIRULENCE FACTORS OF ANTHRAX TOXIN at what concentration it deviates from linearity. Once the standard curve and an Bacillus anthracis is a gram positive, spore forming, bacteria famous for being the appropriate wavelength were established, different vitamins were analyzed to etiological agent of Anthrax; that possesses the gene for an exotoxin known as edema determine their Fe2+ content. The calculated Fe2+ content was then compared to factor. B. anthracis bears close genotypic and phenotypic resemblance to the non- that obtained using a standard addition. The effect of ionic strength on the assay was pathogenic Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis species. Given that the PXO1 and also investigated using a series of salt additions. PXO2 mega plasmids endows B. anthracis with its pathogenicity, this work intended to confirm the genetic sequence homology of the mega plasmids of B. anthracis to the Melissa Fiato, Reading Area Community College mega plasmids of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis using RAST and BLAST genetic tools. FUN WITH GAMES The findings presented herein indicate that the PXO1 mega plasmid of B. anthracis This paper will examine the relationship between people, who have played the game is genetically homologous to the Pbc10987 mega plasmid of B. cereus. Also, the Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock who have seen Star Trek and people who have PXO2 mega plasmid of B. anthracis is analogous the pBT9727 mega plasmid of B. not seen Star Trek that have played the same game. Do people who have seen Star

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 16 4/13/15 11:21 AM Trek choose Spock or Lizard more often? The game of Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, students between the ages of 18-25. Through the secondary data analysis it was Spock has exploded into problem solving and entertainment. The goal of this paper found that the usage rates among college students steadily increases through the is to examine the relationship between people who have seen Star Trek and people years of 2000-2013. The researchers intend to bring awareness of this topic because who have not seen Star Trek that have played the game Rock, Scissors, Paper, Lizard, social workers need to be aware of social change. In social work, social networking Spock and choose Spock or Lizard more often if that person has seen Star Trek. sites affect the micro, mezzo, and macro practice. Social networking sites can bring A survey of volunteers from Reading Area Community College which consists of awareness of services provided by different agencies within communities. Therefore, students and faculty will participate in this study. There will be two questions on the researchers determined as technology continues to advance, the increasing usage the survey. Have you ever watched Star Trek? Have you ever played the game Rock, rates of social networking sites will significantly impact daily life and the social work Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock? Also the game Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock profession. Keywords: social networking sites, social work, usage rates, society game will be played with the same volunteers from the survey and observed. The data will be recorded after playing three games of Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock. Christopher Hare, Lucas Hepp, Matthew Craccas, Wesley Walters, Penn State Berks THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR Kathleen Fitzharris, Alvernia University Thermoelectric generators (TEG) provide an alternative means for powering small THE EMERGENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS) electronic systems in industrial and commercial environments. In these environments, AND OTHER MARINE SPECIES ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST there are often sources of heat available from industrial processes or facility Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite comprised of oocysts which inhabit felines as its infrastructure. The heat source coupled with a TEG unit provides an energy harvesting definitive host. Highly infectious oocysts in feline feces can be spread to humans system that can supplement or replace battery or grid-derived power. In the work and marine species such as snails, urchins, and sea otters. This is thought to presented here, a small TEG was used to capture energy from a hot water heat pipe occur by infected cat feces contaminating the freshwater runoff that flows into the in a campus classroom. Building on previous work, a fixture was designed using marine environments where oocysts infect the marine life and habitats. The effects CAD software to properly match the TEG device to the available hot water pipe. A of Toxoplasma gondii infection can be devastating and even fatal in sea otters. custom heat sink was also designed and fabricated. The assembled system was then The cascade effect of a declining sea otter population can be catastrophic to the installed and tested. The TEG input temperatures and output voltage were monitored marine environment in addition to affecting the human population. By examining the to determine the performance of the installed system. emergence of Toxoplasma gondii in sea otters along the California coast, it can be determined how this parasite moves between the marine and terrestrial environments Scott Harkless, Kutztown University and why this link is critical to understand to ensure the world’s future conservation. THE VAULT AT PFAFF’S - DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP AT LEHIGH The Vault at Pfaff’s is a digital scholarship project from Lehigh University’s Digital Elizabeth Fowler, Meghan McKelvey, Alvernia University Library. Specifically this is a project surrounding and supporting a rich digitized RECIDIVISM RATE AND TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS collection of both externally and locally hosted materials pertaining to the American The purpose of this study is to identify a relationship between recidivism rates and Bohemian movement. Pfaff’s was a Lager Saloon which was one of the centers of transitional programs. The researchers used preexisting data from ex-offenders the American Bohemian movement in the 1850’s. The documents and materials within the United States and over the age of eighteen. Both genders were included Lehigh is working with includes a vast collection of materials ranging from personal in the sampling of ex-offenders. The researchers found a relationship between letters, to digital artifacts, journals, academic articles, print materials, newspapers, transitional programs and the likelihood of an ex-offender re-entering incarceration. and many others. This project goes a step beyond a simple digitization effort into When an offender accepts a transitional program after incarceration, they are taught a novel use of digital curation, including materials which are not native to Lehigh’s budgeting, communication, interpersonal, interviewing, and job skills which assist collections, in order to promote and create original scholarship. This requires a with re-entering society. Research suggests that transitional programs lower the high degree of cooperation between institutions. During my part of this project I likelihood of re-incarceration. The findings of this research have major implications engaged in everything from metadata work to grant writing in order to expand this on policy involving offenders leaving incarceration. From a social work perspective project, including further collaborations. As a result of which, I became aware of the policy makers who are aware of these findings should provide staffing, as well as advantages and challenges presented by such a project. This poster will discuss the implement and fund programs to assist ex-offenders in transitioning. Practicing viability of this sort of project as a digital cultural heritage technique. social workers can assist the ex-offenders in building on the skills they learned in transitional programs to make them more successful. Connor Koellner, Albright College GROUP 13 COMPLEXES OF NEUTRAL Α-DIIMINE LIGANDS: SYNTHESIS, Natalie Gibbs, Ashley Maggio, Marissa Mussoline, Rosemarie Thress, Alvernia University CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY #GETCONNECTED: IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING Al-α-diimine complexes with neutral ligands were prepared for α-diimines lacking ortho Technological advancements enable social networking sites to be more convenient substitution. Reaction of either N,N’-diphenyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabutadiene (LPh) or and a part of everyday modern lifestyle. Social networking sites have changed N,N’-di[4-methylphenyl]-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabutadiene (LTol) gave the fully neutral communication patterns among individuals. Through using preexisting data the ligand compounds ([(diimine)2AlCl2][AlCl4]). The coordination of the LPh ligand to GaCl3 researchers anticipate expanding the knowledge base for social workers in regards and InCl3 has also been explored, giving [(LPh)2GaCl2][GaCl4] and LPhInCl3(NCCH3), to social networking. The researchers will provide a secondary data analysis that respectively. The complexes were characterized by multinuclear (1H, 13C, 27Al) NMR explores and evaluates the usage rates of social networking sites among college spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and DFT. The redox behaviour of the complexes was

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 17 4/13/15 11:21 AM investigated using electrochemistry, with the cyclic voltamograms displaying quasi- Chastity Paredes-Rodriguez, Sheshkumar Patel, Penn State Berks reversible processes attributed to both the L–/L0 and L2–/L– processes. Catalytic COLORIMETRIC ASSAY USING INDICATOR DYE IMMOBILIZED ON activity of the complexes for the epoxidation of alkenes will be presented. CHROMATOGRAPHIC PAPER Colorimetric assay is used to determine the pH of various solutions using an David McCarrick, Albright College immobilized indicator dyes on chromatographic paper pattered with waxed ink. For ALLELOPATHIC INHIBITION OF GERMINATION BY GARLIC MUSTARD (ALLIARIA the experiment, we will test the limitation of each indicator with solutions having PETIOLATA (M. BIEB.) CAVARA & GRANDE) ON INVASIVE JAPANESE STILTGRASS different pH and investigate the effects of ionic strength on the indicator response. (MICROSTIGIUM VIMENIUM (TRIN.) A. CAMUS) AND NATIVE INDIAN GRASS Different chromatographic paper will be used with various indicators and observed SPECIES (SORGHASTRUM NUTANS (L.) NASH) pH would be correlated with pH found by conventional pH probe. This experiment will The plants garlic mustard (Alliara petiolata (M Bieb) Cavara & Grande) and Japanese focus on the use of paper based technology and the making of a cheaper and more stiltgrass (Microstigium vimenium (Trin.) A. Camus) quickly became invasive in North reliable indicator that may be adapted for a variety of applications. America after introduction (Barden 1987) through allelopathic means (i.e. - chemical warfare) for garlic mustard (Prati and Bossdorf 2004) and biomass production for Tyler Parkin, Seth Tyson, Penn State Berks the Japanese stiltgrass. The allelopathic effects of garlic mustard include herbivory PENN STATE BERKS 2D MOTION TRACKER inhibition (Haribal et. al 2001) and seed germination inhibition (Prati and Bossdorf The scope of this project is to design and prototype an apparatus capable of tracking 2004). We hypothesized that the Japanese stiltgrass will resist the garlic mustard’s human motion in a virtual plane. The purpose of the project is to develop a device that allelopathy better than native species because of previous interaction in its original is both affordable and practical for consumers. The design must be user friendly, have range (USDA Plants) and its ability to grow alongside garlic mustard in the United States a small footprint, be comfortable, and be able to deliver precise and accurate data. (Metz, personal communication). In this study, a garlic mustard extract was prepared The device must also be able to accommodate users who are within the 95% range of with an ethanol/water solvent as described in a study isolating alliarinoside (Olsen, user height and weight. Many benchmarks exist for this project, but none can produce Moller and Motawia 2014). The extract was added to MS agar in varying strengths and very accurate data. Our goal is to develop a design that delivers data accurately surface sterilized seeds of Japanese Stiltgrass and native Indian Grass (Sorghastrum enough to be used for research purposes while not lowering the safety and practicality nutans (L.) Nash) were tested for germination. The Indian Grass had statistically worse of the device. The final design will incorporate both electrical and mechanical design germination in the full strength solution compared to the control while the Japanese principles into a single design. To accomplish this goal we developed a structure that Stiltgrass exhibit no statistical difference indicating allelopathic resistance. can keep a user in place while not restricting their range of motion. The user will be held over a slick surface and made to walk in place while various sensors are used to Caitlyn McGrellis, Alvernia University quantify the human motion and turn it into usable data. FIBER DATABASE FOR COMPARISON WITH TRACE EVIDENCE USING ATR/FTIR Fibers are very important in the line of law enforcement, as they are often collected Tessa Patton, Kutztown University as trace evidence and identified in order to solve a crime or help solve a crime. Often EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE MRNA LEVELS OF THE UDP-N- fibers are transferred from an object to person or from person to person with very ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE GENE FROM THE LARVAE OF THE little contact. Fibers can be anything from pieces of clothing to parts of furniture or RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM objects. Databases are widely used when testing fibers for comparison. If a database The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, a common insect pest of grains, carries is put together and a fiber is already identified, it will be easier and much quicker genes encoding proteins that are closely related to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to link the fiber to a suspect and/or help the case move forward. This research pyrophosphorylases (UAPs). UAPs produce UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, the precursor project used the ATR/FTIR to test and create a collection of fibers into a database for chitin biosynthesis, protein glycosylation and modification of other molecules. for comparison. The database created was then tested using fibers purchased from Most arthropods carry only a single gene, but Tribolium has two homologous genes, Michael’s Arts and Crafts store. The results of this research showed that while many TcUAP1 and TcUAP2. The specific functions of the UAPs in Tribolium are not clearly people may believe samples of the same category have the same IR spectrum, it is understood. To gain insight into the roles of the UAPs, we investigate the effect of proven that they may not contain the same chemical makeup, resulting in different different incubation temperatures on the TcUAP1 mRNA levels during larval stage spectra. It was also found that some fiber samples in different categories have the of development. We hypothesize that as the temperature increases (25°C to 37°C), same chemical makeup. TcUAP1 mRNA levels from the larvae also increases. Three sets of 1-liter cultures of red flour beetles were incubated at three temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 37°C). Tyler Moser, Penn State Berks After three weeks the larvae were collected. Preliminary observations revealed THE BABY MONITOR that at larval harvest the culture at 37°C produced the most larvae, while the lower This project seeks to prevent the accidental deaths of infants. Around the developed temperatures produced tremendously decreased numbers of larvae. The levels of the world, children are often left in vehicles during warm weather and die from heat larval mRNA from the different temperatures will be analyzed. stroke. We seek to prevent this tragedy by developing a device that will be used in conjunction with a child car seat. It will notify others of the threat to the baby’s life. A Nicholas Rossetti, Adam Fox, Frank Foose, Gerald Fisher, Michael Cappiello, Penn State Berks series of sensors are utilized to measure the potential for infant death and, if needed, AUTOMATED POWDER DISPENSER help will be sought by an alarm. The device also features early support for notifying The purpose of this project is to incorporate electrical, mechanical and control the child’s guardian via their smartphone. systems to develop an automated powder dispenser. An automated powder dispenser

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 18 4/13/15 11:21 AM is a highly accurate system used to dispense a variety of granular media to a user or disabled individual. This study also evaluated the extent to which college-aged determined amount without going over. This project focuses on the consumer version individuals are aware of the concept of courtesy stigma, as well as measured the of this system used in the dispensing of gun powder for the hobbyist interested in participants’ beliefs about the availability and adequacy of resources available to help the reloading of ammunition. The system is centered on a PIC microcontroller which the family members of individuals with a mental illness or disability. The results of controls all interaction between the input and output devices. Data is entered into this research are discussed in the context of which elements of courtesy stigma were the system via a keypad and pertinent information is displayed on an LCD. The believed to effect overall family dynamic, family structure, and individual members. system monitors a load cell to determine how much media to dispense and varies it’s Additionally, the effects of courtesy stigma on family members responsible for the dispense rate as it nears the user’s desired set point. Performance of this system is care of the mentally ill or disabled, as well as the perceptions of resource availability expected to be within +/- 0.05 grains or approximately +/- 3 milligrams. for family members, are discussed.

Jireh Saba, Jessica Hartman, Melissa Bennett, Amber Rogers, Bryann Cave, Penn State Berks Cristina Santiago, Albright College THE CRISIS OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE: RESPONDING WITH A PLAN THAT CONSIDERS AUTO-FLUORESCENCE OF PLANT TISSUES HOME, SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ACROSS THREE PHASES Fluorescence microscopy can be a useful tool for observing cells or tissues that have The Response to School Vulnerability Plan (RSVP) project is being developed by cross- been labeled with fluorescent dyes resulting in an induced fluorescence. Most plant disciplinary undergraduate teams from Business, Education, Applied Psychology tissues can exhibit fluorescent character without the addition of fluorescent dyes due and IST at The Pennsylvania State University Berks campus to address school to a natural occurring phenomenon known as intrinsic or auto-fluorescence. The safety. Teams synthesized and summarized research, created a project model and auto-fluorescent character of plant tissues can be attributed to various secondary website, and are currently collaborating with a national multi-disciplinary advisory metabolites that may be present and can also be used to identify or localize certain board drawing from the areas of clergy, school administration, parenting, police cell or tissue components. A variety of slides containing pre-made plant tissue services, crisis intervention, special education, and psychology to examine the samples were examined under a fluorescence microscope in order to determine theoretical underpinnings for the development of a comprehensive 3-phase plan. if they exhibited auto-fluorescent character. In addition to the examination of pre- Findings suggest a plan that is strategic and comprehensive in scope; yet basic made plant tissue slides, sectioning of fresh plant tissues was also performed. The in terms of interlocking phases (Preparation, Response, Long-Term Recovery) with freshly sectioned plant tissues were examined under the fluorescent microscope to each phase articulating critical and practical components that are grounded in the determine if they exhibited auto-fluorescence. The fluorescent character observed in research literature. Phase I advocates to empower children through the development the tissue samples were compared to a protocol that contained tissue components of coping, resiliency skills and tolerance for diversity while considering emotional with their expected emission colors under a fluorescent filter. and psychological preparation for disasters. Phase II considers the logistics and success of emergency responses, and Phase III ensures long-term recovery after Zenas M. Savage, Penn State Berks a crisis through implementation of the components in Phase I. Recommendations LEARNING TRANSFERENCE OF THE DOMINANT AND NON-DOMINANT HAND AND include equipping children with resiliency skills, respect for individual differences, PARAMETRIC GOAL EQUIVALENT MANIFOLDS IN A VIRTUAL SHUFFLEBOARD responsibility, accountability, nurturing acceptance, tolerance for diversity and strong GAME interconnectedness among community, school and home. Traditionally biomechanics has used natural everyday movements such as gait to identify various neurologic and physical pathologies. With easier and more widespread Launick Saint-Fort, Roberto Hernandez, Penn State Berks access to computers, virtual reality has presented itself as a useful controlled THE EFFECT OF BORATE COMPOSITIONS ON ELECTRO-OSMOTIC FLOW environment in which to conduct motion studies. In this experiment MATLAB is used Electro-osmotic flow, also called electroendosmotic flow, flow is the movement of as a platform to create a one dimensional shuffleboard game. Particularly of interest liquid in a porous material caused by a difference in potential across the material. is learning transference between the dominant and non-dominant hand. Using Because electro-osmotic flow is significant in micro-scale flow channels, it will be empirically collected data, we will describe different performance characteristics investigated by incorporating various borate buffer compositions in glass capillaries. when subjects play the shuffleboard game using different arms. A special emphasis Borate buffer is ideal due to its extensive use in electrophoresis separations, and the will be on presentation order: it is expected that when the non-dominant hand task is optimization of parameters (i.e., pH, ionic strength) ought to offer useful information presented first, it will cause the subject to start the dominant hand task with a more to the different factors affecting the optimization of electro-osmotic flow. Higher sensitive and astute sense of the game’s physics. Additionally we will explore the field strengths will be applied to observe the effect of voltage and ionic strength on possibility of more complex tasks, such as a game with a moving shuffleboard target electro-osmotic flow. and develop the necessary mathematical modeling for useful analysis.

Jeannelia Santiago, Penn State Berks Nick Simmons, Aaron Rizzardi, Penn State Berks STIGMA AND ITS EFFECT ON FAMILY MEMBERS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION BICYCLE Numerous studies have demonstrated that there is a stigma surrounding mental We have installed a continuously variable transmission onto a stationary bicycle testing health and mental health care. However, very few studies have examined the effects platform as a proof of concept. We are trying to prove that the CVT transmission is a that this stigma can have on the family members of individuals who suffer from a practical replacement to the standard gear and derailleur style bicycle transmissions mental illness or disability. The current study evaluated the degree to which the because it allows smoother transitions between gear ratios due to the continuity of stigma associated with mental illness extends to family members of a mentally ill the system.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 19 4/13/15 11:21 AM Jordan Smith, Sheshkumar Patel, Morgan Mull, Penn State Berks Ashley Tomlinson, Kathleen Fitzharris, Kayla Huey, Olivia Madara, Erik Sandbakken, Alvernia University CLONING AND SEQUENCING OF THE GAPC GENE OF PEPEROMIA CAPERATA AND EXCURSIONS FROM MUSIC HISTORY OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM What are some of the interesting events, ideas and people that provide the cultural We have cloned and sequenced the GAPC gene of two plants, Peperomia caperata context for the development of Western art music? The researchers have investigated (emerald ripple peperomia) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil). The GAPC gene topics suggested by the periods of Music History from the ancient Greeks to the is part of the family of GAPDH genes. Genes from this family code for an enzyme Nineteenth-Century. They are prepared to present short talks with appropriate audio- called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This particular enzyme visual examples on such topics as: Gregorian Chant, Then and Now; Hildegard von catalyzes the step of glycolysis in which Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted Bingen, music mystic; Music and Mathematics via Pythagoras; The Black Plague; Plato into 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate. Genomic DNA of the GAPC gene was extracted from on Music and Emotion; Castrati opera stars; Music and medicine in the eighteenth- the plants. The GAPC gene was amplified by nested PCR and ligated into the pJET century; St Mark’s Cathedral in Venice; Deus ex Machina and other effects of the 1.2 plasmid. This recombinant plasmid was then introduced into Escherichia coli by Baroque theater; Obsolete musical instruments; The Mozart Effect, fact or fiction?; transformation. Clones containing the correct insert were identified by restriction Franklin’s glass armonica and Franz Mezmer. analysis, and the gene was sequenced by automated methods. The sequences we have obtained will be published to NCBI’s GenBank database. Kirby Turner, Alvernia University ANTIMICROBIALS AND THEIR EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE Jacquelyn Strange, Lisa Flemming, Alvernia University A developing problem for healthcare officials is the growing antibiotic resistance GENDER DIFFERENCES IN WELL-BEING AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG for common pathogenic bacteria. A known cause for this development is the over DISCHARGED MILITARY PERSONNEL and improper use of antibiotic drugs when treating infection. However, another This research examines the differences in well-being of male and female veterans less developed hypothesis is the effect of the massive use of antimicrobial products from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. Well-being consists of in today’s society. In this study, we develop a model system to test the effect post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, unemployment, homelessness, and of antimicrobial substances on subsequent development of antibiotic resistance. sexual assault. A current problem with the military is the understanding of how male Initially, IC50 doses of both antimicrobial and antibiotic substances are determined and female veterans cope differently upon discharge from active duty. Researchers using a common Alamar Blue vital dye assay format. Bacteria are then exposed to gathered data from publicly available sources. An analysis and comparison of the an antimicrobial substance with subsequent exposure to an antibiotic. Resistance data within each category of well-being determined the differences in male and to common antibiotics will be tracked, before and after antimicrobial exposure (at female veterans. The researchers concluded that females suffer from higher rates of IC50 doses) in order to determine if the use of common antimicrobial products (i.e. sexual assault and unemployment, while males suffered high rates of post-traumatic peroxide, detergent, etc.) can cause a quantitative difference in antibiotic resistance. stress disorder, homelessness and substance above. However, even though the This procedure will create a model for antibiotic resistance analysis, in which any comparisons provided these results, a disproportionate number of males serve in the bacteria, antimicrobial, and antibiotic may be inserted for comparison. This model military, with fewer female service members. Social work research needs to continue is designed to provide an inexpensive, convenient method for small laboratory in the area of gender differences and their coping ability within the military lifestyle. operations investigating antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Knowing the information presented, social workers can better serve male and female veterans with in the military. Angela Walter, Albright College IMPROVING HEALTH LITERACY THROUGH EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION TO Theania Stuart, Samantha Gerhard, Penn State Berks MOTIVATE AMERICANS TOWARDS BETTER ORAL HEALTH GERMINATION OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS AS A MODEL FOR BACILLUS ANTHRACIS The mouth may be one of the most important assets to the entire body and it is The germination of Bacillus subtilis was used as a model for Bacillus anthracis. critical that communication, about oral health and dental hygiene, is effective. This Members of the Bacillus genus can exist in two forms: a dormant spore form and is not only a personal interest but something that affects all Americans across social an active vegetative form. In order for B. anthracis to cause diseases the dormant spheres, economic levels, and ages. The mouth allows humankind the essential ability spore form of the bacteria must convert into the vegetative form. This process is of nourishment and language. The Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index showed one- called germination. The process begins under specific environmental conditions and third of Americans did not see their dentist in 2013(Bushak, 2014). Effective health involves a series of cellular changes. The cultivation of B. subtilis and B. anthracis communication should motivate the general public to see a dentist more often and are dependent on specific environmental conditions and specific cell types (bacterial maintain oral health. There are not so obvious benefits from maintaining a healthy strains). For example, the environment must be rich in glucose for organic synthesis, mouth. Studies show a significant link between oral health and the overall health of rich in nitrogen for protein production and rich in phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis. the body. Recognized by the dental community, oral infection affects the course of When this happens vegetative cells will grow and spores will germinate. Our project pathogenesis of numerous systemic diseases. Oral infection can be a starting point examines the mechanism by which the cells convert from spore form to vegetative for cardiovascular disease, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus and more. Studies form in an attempt to compare germination processes in B. subtilis with B. anthracis. have linked a patient’s health literacy and comprehension to a variety of significant health behaviors and outcomes. Therefore, if health literacy increases through effective communication, it can influence individuals to take action towards improving oral health. This blog is a glimpse into some of the critical oral health messages that should be more effectively communicated to motivate Americans towards better oral health.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 20 4/13/15 11:21 AM Alaina Wolfe, Kutztown University Nicole Asamoah, Kendall Rouesseau, Penn State Berks IMPORTANCE OF READING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND The field of education contains different components that all impact the student. A ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS major task of all teachers especially in the elementary level is to teach students how Research on social media influence has shown that social media has an effect on to read and provide a rich experience of text to the students. As a future educator the psychological well-being of individuals as well as on romantic relationships. I want to look into the different causes of why some students are not excelling in The use of media for communicating in close relationships has escalated in recent reading. The work being done shows a clearer sense as to why there is a large gap years due to the advent of social media, texting, and other technologies that enable of students who are struggling with reading in this current generation. Investigation convenient and universal access to others (Fox & Warber, 2014). Additionally, social is done to determine if this is due to past or present experiences. Also I research if media provides its users with multiple services and opportunities that are changing the cause is because the students are not exposed to literature and it is not seen as the nature of relationships and influencing well-being. Participants were asked to something that is important. I will be surveying college students that are education complete a survey that measures the social media usage and its effect on well-being and non-education majors to see how they feel about reading in general currently and romantic relationships. We hypothesized that psychological well-being would be and how they felt about reading as a child and if there is any correlation. The positively influenced (e.g. increase in self-esteem) by social media, while romantic information from the research is used to better effectively serve the young children in relationships would be negatively influenced (e.g. partner surveillance). Results are the development of their reading. discussed in context of current research on how social media usage directly relates to psychological well-being and romantic relationships. Kevin Yeagle, Albright College SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF ALUMINUM AMIDATE COMPLEXES Toe Aung, Albright College We have prepared aluminum complexes supported by the amidate ligand N-tert-butyl- PERCEPTIONS OF ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIORS DEPENDING UPON RECIPIENT TYPE: phenyl amide [tBu(NO)Ph]-1 (1). 1 can be systematically coordinated to aluminum FAMILY, FRIENDS, AND STRANGERS through a protonation reaction between amide (1-H) and AlMe3, affording {[tBu(NO) This study investigated perceptions of different types of altruistic helping behaviors Ph]AlMe2}2 ([1-AlMe2]2), [tBu(NO)Ph]2AlMe (12-AlMe), or [tBu(NO)Ph]3Al (13-Al) depending upon the recipient type (altruism directed toward family, friends, or dependent upon the equivalents of amide employed. The products were characterized strangers) and by the participants’ level of empathy. Participants were administered an by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies as well as X-ray diffraction. The Al-amidate online, anonymous survey and viewed six short video clips depicting different helping complexes were employed as catalysts for the interconversion of alcohols and their behaviors and read descriptions beneath each video to understand the content of corresponding carbonyls via an oxidation/reduction system. Several substrate classes the video. Then participants were asked to rate the helper in each video on the traits were investigated, including 1o and 2o aromatic and aliphatic systems. The manifold of happiness, friendliness, compassion, generosity and how likely they are to lend operates with either complex [1-AlMe2]2 or 12-AlMe as the catalytic species. Yields money to the helper using 10-point rating scales. Results indicated that those with of 29-97% (using [1-AlMe2]2) and 71-99% (using 12-AlMe) were obtained for the higher empathy perceived certain helpers as being happier, more compassionate, and optimized reduction reactions using 2-propanol as the hydrogen source and 10 mol% were more likely to loan the helper money. In some cases, helpers aiding friends were total Al. The optimized oxidation reactions proceeded in 73-95% (using [1-AlMe2]2) perceived as being happier to help than helping family or strangers. These findings and 80-88% (using 12-AlMe) using pivaldehyde as the oxidant with 5 mol% total Al. suggest that the perceptions of altruistic behaviors can be influenced by who the recipient of the help is and by the empathy level of the perceiver.

Poster Session 2 Yahrelis Ayala, Penn State Berks Roessner Hall Atrium, 9:45-10:45 A.M. THE PERCEPTION OF NONVERBAL CUES AND THE AFFECTS ON SOCIAL BEHAVIOR Yawns are known for its contagious effect. Interestingly, yawns occur unconsciously Brian Anderson, Albright College and they only happen spontaneously or when observing others perform a yawn; THE FASHION MESSAGE OF AALIYAH “STIXZ” WILSON a person cannot make themselves yawn (Provine, 2005). To date, no systematic My project introduces a stunning, powerful, inspirational young woman named assessment has been conducted on how yawn contagion may transfer to the Aaliyah Wilson and evaluates the battles of adversity and obstacles she had to deal behavioral state of individuals in a group. The current study expands on knowledge of with to become the creative fashionista and savvy businesswoman she is today. The yawn contagion and how nonverbal cues influences social behaviors by evaluating (a) presentation exhibits a dynamic visual of where this young woman is—and where the behavioral state of participants and (b) self-reported arousal levels. Participants she could have been based on the destructive influences around her as a young were asked to watch a video on a projection screen. In the corner of the video an black girl from a poor urban neighborhood in East Baltimore. My project includes embedded window displayed one of three looped video clips: Someone yawning, an interview, which reveals that her creative mind is influenced by Basquiat, Keith someone with a neutral face, and someone acting comical. It was hypothesized Haring, and Delano Brown, a local artist who lived right across the street. The struggle that participants viewing a video repetition of yawns would exhibit more yawns and she went through, and perseverance and motivation she had instilled in her, allowed report increased drowsiness compared to participants exposed to arousing or neutral her to do things she thought she had no way of accomplishing. Hence “Sacrifice” as stimuli. Unlike previous studies, participants’ response to an arousing stimulus was a literary code is a prominent word on her fashion articles. able to examine indication of increased wakefulness and focus. Results are discussed in the context of previous research on yawn contagion.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 21 4/13/15 11:21 AM Melissa Bennett, Penn State Berks choice for 40% of those who responded, but, interestingly, it was also the lowest SELF-PERCEPTION AND PERCEPTION OF OTHERS DUE TO SOCIAL MEDIA ranked choice for 40%. Conclusions: Overall, data indicate that the Penn State Previous research has found that adolescents are overall dissatisfied with their Brandywine community is supportive of a smoking policy change. Campus smoking current body image. Specifically, men are concerned with increasing the overall cessation support and information regarding the harms associated with secondhand size of their body, while women desire to decrease the overall size of their body smoke exposure are warranted. (Yu, 2014). Concurrently, women report that social media have highly increased stress in their lives when it comes to their own body image, as well as what they Christa Buckley, Reading Area Community College perceive as the “ideal” body size. Conversely, men reported that social media has AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PERCEPTION OF encouraged them to gain muscle. These findings support the notion that social media ‘GEEKINESS’ AND THE ACCOMPANYING PREJUDICES plays a role in the way adolescents perceive their body size, which can potentially The proposed research will test the hypothesis that subjects playing Rock, Paper, lead to emotional problems (Ata, 2007). Although previous research has been done Scissors, Lizard, Spock will assume that ‘geeky’ people will choose Spock and looking at the effects of social media on adolescents, surprisingly little research has therefore choose paper (which disproves Spock) or lizard (which poisons Spock) at a focused on identifying the directionality of the relationships between social media higher rate than the control group. For the purpose of this research, the term ‘geeky and body image perception and self-esteem. The current study assessed how social people’ is defined as experimenters who have been designated to wear Star Trek or media affects body image perception and self-esteem among college students. The Star Wars themed shirts for the duration of the game. participants completed an online questionnaire assessing how they perceived their body image, as well as others. Results are discussed in the context of previous Laura Budurlean, Mike Anderson, Penn State Berks research on social media and body-image perception. TRACKING CELL SURFACE CHANGES IN HALOSIMPLEX CARLSBADENSE AND OTHER HALOPHILES TO DETERMINE EVOLUTIONARY RELATEDNESS Nicholas Boltz, Penn State Berks Halosimplex carlsbadens, a halophilic archeaon was isolated from a 250 million year FALSE MEMORY AND MISINFORMATION IN SOCIAL MEDIA old salt crystal from the Salado formation in New Mexico. Growth studies have shown A number of previous studies have attributed false memory formation with items such that H. carlsbadense is unable to use carbohydrates, amino-acids, fats or nucleic acids as news headlines and photographs, which are found on media outlets and websites as a source for energy. The inability to use these molecules as nutrients suggests (Fenn, Griffin, Uitvlugt, & Ravizza, 2014). The current study assessed the possibility that H. carlsbadense possesses novel catabolic pathways or lacks membrane that false memory formation may be influenced by the social media websites (i.e., transport proteins necessary to utilize such substrates. Halorhodopsin, together with Facebook and Twitter) on which the information was first learned. Thus, the influence bacteriorhodopsin, helps maintain cell osmolality and proliferation while reducing the of these popular social media websites was evaluated by focusing on persuasion in consumption of metabolic energy. This current study examines the rhodopsin gene news posts that commonly appear in news feeds of the indicated websites. More family using transmittance information from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy specifically, the use of a false celebrity death as a topical news article served as (FT-IR) analysis. The cell surface chemistry of Halosimplex carlsbadense, Haloferax a vital piece of misinformation. Participants examined five, recent news stories volcanii, Halogeometrium borinquense, Haloarcula marismortui, Natronomonas on social media simulated backgrounds and then rated the perceived confidence, pharoanis, and Halobacterium salinarum was compared using FT-IR spectroscopy. trustworthiness of the post, and overall recollection of the material presented. Also, Changes in the transmittance of spectroscopic data suggest a parallel to changes comparisons between the two social media platforms were investigated to determine within components of cellular membrane chemistry. Using primers designed from relative influence. Results elaborate on the effects of false memory creation in evolutionarily related halophilic organisms that encode rhodopsin gene family members relation to social media while affording additional insight into the dissemination and this study attempted to identify potential rhodopsin genes in H. carlsbadense. Results inaccuracy of contemporary news stories on specific social media platforms. suggest a correlation with FT-IR data which identifies a link between changes in cell surface chemistry of the halorhodopsin protein and gene expression. Stephen Braconnier, Penn State Brandywine ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS RELATING TO TOBACCO USE AND SMOKING POLICY Kendall Cork, Penn State Berks ON CAMPUS AT PENN STATE BRANDYWINE THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE YSEX?-S ON HUMAN SEXUAL MOTIVATION Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess student, staff, and faculty views Previous research examining why humans have sex generally rely on comparatively about cigarette smoking and smoking policy on the Penn State Brandywine campus long questionnaires, such as the YSEX?. However, such assessments are costly in and to inform policy debates. Method: A web-based survey approved by Penn State terms of participant time investment. The current study developed and evaluated a University’s IRB was conducted on campus in November 2014. The survey contained shorter, more condensed version of the YSEX? questionnaire (Meston & Buss, 2007). A questions covering past and current tobacco use; knowledge of tobacco risks; and short form of this questionnaire will take less time to complete making it a more ideal opinions regarding policy. Results: In total, 262 responses were collected including method of evaluating human sexual motivation. This study aimed to assess the relative 16% smokers, 84% non-smokers; 39% male and 50% female; 76% students, 10% influence and contribution of different sexual motivations beyond prototypical physical staff, and 12% faculty. Smokers indicated either wanting to quit or considered quitting pleasure and reproduction explanations. It also aimed to assess the degree to which (76%) and 65% tried to stop smoking in the past. Health related questions found these motivations are stable vs. variable throughout young adulthood. This survey, 87% reporting exposure to second-hand smoke and 55% were concerned about composed of only 40 items, aimed to address several methodological hurdles in the it. Regarding smoking policy, 60% were likely to support a tobacco-free policy on field of study. Participants completed an online version of the YSEX?-S which helped campus property. When ranking policy options, a tobacco-free campus was the 1st this study to determine the validity and reliability of this shortened questionnaire.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 22 4/13/15 11:21 AM In order to establish the reliability and validity of the YSEX?-S it was necessary to is attractive, but would not affect their opinion of this person if he/she is unattractive. statistically analyze responses from participants and then compare proportionally These findings lend support to the hypothesized evolutionary origins of the nervous to the original responses to the YSEX? using reliability measures. This helped to reaction as an unconscious way of signaling attraction to a potential mate. determine if the shortened questionnaire was as reliable as the original YSEX?. Diego Demichelli, Penn State Berks Ashley Crawford, Kutztown University THE EFFECTS OF INTERNET ADDICTION ON PERCEPTIONS OF FAMILY COHESION CONTROVERSY IN THE CLASSROOM: A SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHER’S GUIDE With the advancements in technology (e.g., mobile devices) and increase of internet Social studies teachers face the inevitable reality of discussing controversial topics accessibility (e.g., 4G), internet addiction (IA) has become a serious and rising problem. within their classrooms. This project is comprised of annotated bibliographies of Due to the recent rise of IA, there is very little research that has been conducted on research articles regarding controversial issues within the classroom. Aside from the effects this addition has on family cohesion of the afflicted. Like many addictions, researching controversial issues in general, there was also a focus on examining the consequences and detrimental effects are not limited to the addict, but can have constitutional rights, civil rights, and current political views in regards to contentious a negative impact on those around them. The current study evaluates the relationship topics within the classroom. From this research, a guide was compiled in order to between an individual’s level of IA and the self-reported family cohesion. Participants offer tips for beginning social studies teachers. The guide acts a resource for social were asked to take two surveys: a revised adaptation of the Internet Addiction studies teachers to reference when controversial issues are topics of discussion Scale (IAS) as well as a revised adaptation of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion within their classrooms. Overall, this project was aimed at assisting beginning social Evaluation Scale (FACES). It was hypothesized that individuals with a higher level studies teachers when it comes to examining controversial issues with their students. of IA will show to having a lower level of family cohesion. Results are discussed in the context of contemporary research on the level of internet addiction and family Morgan Daubenspeck, Penn State Berks cohesion on college students. GENDER STEREOTYPES AND THE MODEL’S EFFECT IN IMITATION OF YOUNG CHILDREN Imitation in young children can be influenced by a model’s gender, age, and familiarity Megan Ebling, Penn State Berks (McGuigan, 2013; Rothbaum, 1979). These factors have been shown to influence FACTORS IN PARENTAL HESITANCY TOWARDS SEXUALITY EDUCATION: which of several possible models a child will choose to imitate. Similarly, research RELIGIOSITY AND FEARS OF INCREASING SEXUAL ACTIVITY has shown that children prefer to play with gender stereotypical toys. To date, very Research has shown a positive relationship between sexual education curricula in few studies have examined how these factors interact when presented to children public schools and the sexual health of a nation’s youth, and that the US is lacking simultaneously. The current study examines the extent of how the model plays a in this regard. Currently, there is a dearth of research exploring parental hesitation factor in imitation while considering the effects gender stereotypes have on children. towards sexual education programming, particularly beyond curriculum content Children aged three to seven participated in their daycare settings along with two itself. The current study sought to identify parental hesitancy factors, such as adult confederates (one male, one female). To further test the effects of gender and parental religiosity and the age of a hypothetical child, and to identify a dominant familiarity, participants were paired with the same sex or opposite sex child during parental concern regarding potential consequences of such curricula (i.e., fears experiments. Child sex roles were also tested with the use of gender stereotypical of increasing sexual activity). Eighty-two parent-participants completed an online toys. Results lead to a discussion about the tendencies of children to follow questionnaire surveying background beliefs regarding sexual conservatism, religion, stereotypical gender roles more than what would be expected based on previous and overall hesitancy towards sexual education curricula and asking parents to rate knowledge about imitation in children. particular concerns regarding potential consequences of such curricula. A stepwise multiple regression model using religiosity and fears of increasing sexual activity Kathleen de Haan, Albright College (FISA) accounted for 60% of the overall variance in parental hesitancy. However, FEELING BUTTERFLIES: ARE AWKWARD REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INITIAL an additional dichotomous factor of sexual conservatism was then identified; the ATTRACTION MALADAPTIVE OR ADAPTIVE? sample was split and the regressions rerun. After the split, religiosity was shown This study aimed to document behaviors and attitudes exhibited during initial not to be a predictor once sexual conservatism was taken into account. FISA was encounters with attractive potential mates, in particular the commonly experienced shown to be the primary predictor of hesitancy, regardless of presence or absence nervous response. Participants were administered an anonymous online survey of sexual conservatism. asking several series of questions regarding their own reactions when interacting with an attractive potential mate, and their perceptions of interactions with others Devin Eby, Alexander LaManna, Patrick Murray, Joseph Paccagnini, Dustin Stuck, who find them attractive. Both males and females reported feeling at least some Alissa Yenser, Allison Austin, Alvernia University nervousness when first interacting with someone whom they find attractive. During THE EFFECT OF DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC STRETCHING WARM-UP ON MUSCLE this nervous reaction, participants said they were more likely to experience blushing, PERFORMANCE AS MEASURED BY VERTICAL JUMP IN NCAA DIVISION III increased heart rate, difficulty thinking, increased giggling/laughing, increased BASKETBALL PLAYERS smiling, feeling greater attentiveness to that person, and both staring and looking The purpose of this research project was to examine the effect of static and dynamic away. Similarly, participants rated blushing, increased giggling/laughing, increased warm-up on muscle performance measured by vertical jump height. Although both smiling, greater attentiveness, and staring as the most revealing signs of a person’s warm-up methods are widely recognized, there is no consensus about their effect on attraction to them. Participants also indicated that seeing this nervousness in the performance. In this study, researchers measured the jump height of NCAA Division other individual would increase their own level of attraction to this person if he/she III male and female basketball players after completion of each of three different

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 23 4/13/15 11:21 AM warm-up protocols (jogging only; jogging + static stretch; jogging + dynamic stretch). concept can be achieved. The current study examined age, religiosity, and mortality The following statistically significant (p < 0.05) results were obtained: 1) male jump salience as predictors for heightened death anxiety. Preliminary analyses on an heights were greater than female jump heights in each of the three protocols (95% international study including approximately 2100 participants point to a complex confidence interval of the difference was typically 6 to 13 inches); 2) in direct model that predicts death anxiety by means of mortality salience and religiosity. In comparison, the dynamic stretching protocol resulted in increased jump heights particular, lower levels of religiosity and a greater awareness of ones’ own death relative to the static stretching protocol, although the improvement was less than one may not indicate a heightened fear of death or dying. Such knowledge can be used inch. However, when comparing all three protocols simultaneously, ANOVA results by both psychological and palliative care professionals as well as laypersons (i.e., were not significant: none of the protocols could be distinguished from the others (n family members) to identify patients and family members at risk for heightened = 14). It was also found that jump heights were generally negatively correlated with death anxiety. Once identified strategies to mediate anxiety can be implemented, the height of the individual, although not significantly. they can help serve as a buffer against anxieties during end-of-life planning. Using this knowledge to create a meaningful dialogue surrounding this complex issue is of Katie Eggert, Samantha Lutz, Penn State Berks utmost importance to provide the highest standard of both care and compassion to TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM those faced with the universal struggle of death. There is an increasing advocacy for the implementation of technology in the classroom. In particular, industry representatives continue to emphasize the need Margaret Froehlich, Albright College for technological proficiency in college graduates. This has, in turn, placed additional DISTORTION AND DISTRACTION DURING COGNITIVE CONTROL stresses on institutions of higher-education. However, little attention has been The ability to determine that some outcomes are generated by actions completed by directed at assessing either the impact or desirability of increased technology in the self is the sense of self-agency. This study tested the effects of distraction such as classroom settings among students or faculty. Research on the use of technology in texting and distortion effects such as visual impairment on participants’ self-agency. the classroom has made it evident that attitudes toward technology are multifaceted. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups, a control group, a text The current study evaluated student and faculty attitudes about the use of technology message group, and a drunk group during a computer task. The drunk group wore in higher education. Attitudes were measured along several dimensions (e.g., goggles that simulate the effects of .08- .15 BAC. All three groups were asked to intended use, self-efficacy), and proficiency and frequency of use with representative perform the same task; they were presented a screen with four letters and asked technologies were assessed. Results indicate that positive aspects of using to move the letters using a game controller joy stick. The control condition wore technology (self- efficacy, perceived benefits, and likelihood of success) were rated safety goggles. The control condition was able to correctly guess the letter they were significantly higher than negative aspects of using technology (concerns about skill, controlling, as well as the random letter, at a rate above chance that is statistically support, and costs). Faculty reported significantly greater concerns about faculty significant, and drunk condition participants, although significantly worse than the skill and knowledge than did students. Additionally, faculty reported significantly control were significantly able to choose the control and random letters. The texting greater expectations to use technology than students. The influence of efficacy and group is able to choose they letter they were controlling at a rate above chance that is proficiency in accepting technology are discussed. statistically significant. However, when asked which letter was moving randomly, the participants in the texting condition did not choose correctly at a rate above chance Joshua Ehlinger, Albright College that is statistically significant. WATCHING VS. DOING: THE EXPERIENCE OF SELF-AGENCY MEDIATES VISUAL TRACKING We investigated self-agency – the ability to know that you caused an event – using Kristen Gerzewski, Albright College a computerized task in which a doer controlled an onscreen avatar while another IMPACT OF FEEDBACK COMMENTARY IN VIDEOS ON PERCEPTION AND RECALL: participant watched. All humans experience self-agency, sometimes during normal A TEST OF FALSE MEMORIES tasks in which they cause effects in the world, and sometimes in an illusory way This study investigated whether different types of videos and feedback commentary when they appear to cause an event but actually do not. We looked at self-agency had an impact on the generation of false memories, the quality of commentary of as something distinct from visual discrimination, meaning we tried to investigate the videos, and the reported confidence levels of the participants’ recall answers. the effect of this feeling apart from normal visual tracking. We also investigated Participants were administered an online, anonymous survey and viewed three news which types of sensorimotor cues, past experiences, and skills affect self-agency. report videos. Two groups also viewed three corresponding commentary videos Specifically, we tested whether video gamers – with a lot of experience identifying containing either true or false summaries of the original videos. The third group did their actions – would do better than a normal population of college students. We not view commentary videos. Then participants took a multiple choice test to test found that video gamers enjoy a distinct advantage, probably due to their extensive their recall of the news report videos and rated how confident they were in their experience, and we paved the way for future research to fully investigate the multiple choice answers. If participants were given a commentary video, they rated psychological and neurological changes that are caused by video games. the quality of the undergraduate students’ news report summaries. Results showed that participants who were given true feedback or no feedback recalled more accurate Carrie French, Penn State Berks information than those given false feedback. Type of feedback had no impact on their RELIGIOSITY, MORTALITY SALIENCE, AND AGE: PREDICTORS FOR DEATH ANXIETY perception of the summary feedback quality or on how confident they were in their With the rise of Death with Dignity movements across the United States and their answers. These findings suggest that the presence of false information can produce call for the implementation of a “good death,” surprisingly little research has been more false memories than the presence of no information or true information and that conducted to date regarding objective and measurable actions through which this people are unable to discern true feedback from false feedback.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 24 4/13/15 11:21 AM Deidgre Green, Kutztown University complexity, identity integration, and positive intergroup interactions, as proposed by SALES AND USE TAX- THE INCREASING TAX GAP: AN IN-DEPTH LOOK AT the learning objective of the Penn State Psychology program concerning Diversity PENNSYLVANIA’S SALES TAX SYSTEM and Ethical Considerations. One hundred and eighty Penn State Brandywine students Pennsylvania Department of Revenue along with other states revenue agencies has were surveyed, of which 81 were psychology majors and 99 were non-psychology been eagerly trying to combat the increasing number of unreported sales and use tax. majors. The Global Perspective Inventory assesses a global and holistic view of These unreported figures have been the primary cause for the sales tax gap. Looking student learning and development and the importance of the campus environment at the data collected from the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue and the National in fostering holistic student development. The Inventory measures how a student Conference of State Legislation (NCSL), this report evaluates the effectiveness of the thinks, views herself as a person with a cultural heritage, and relates to others policies implemented by PA Department of Revenue to increase the revenues they from other cultures, backgrounds and values. The analysis compares two groups of collect from sales and use taxes each fiscal year. Highlighting the emerging issues students: those who have completed less than 6 credits of Psychology coursework such as e-commerce, sales tax suppression and nexus; the paper evaluates best and students who have completed a minimum of 24 credits of Psychology courses practices methods other states are using to increase their collection in sales and use at PSU Brandywine, to assess whether increased exposure to multiculturalism in the tax. From those observations, recommendations were made to the state; keeping in curriculum improves students’ scores on the Global Perspective Inventory. Data from mind previous steps that been taken by Pennsylvania’s revenue enforcement agency. this project will inform the Psychology Program of opportunities and limitations when These implementations include, the addition of line 25 on the PA-40, padirectfile; to educating our students about cultural diversity. help with filing use tax, and the use tax voluntary compliance program. Samantha Lutz, Katie Eggert, Penn State Berks Nia Henry, Albright College AFFECT DRIVEN ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING OF INFORMATION IN COMPLEX SCENES THE EFFECTS OF RACE AND AREA OF LIVING ON FIRST IMPRESSIONS Research on scene memory has shown that people remember more background After reading many articles on how race and geographic location individually affects information than actually observed. However, evidence also suggests that memory first impressions of other people, I decided to design and conduct a project that for negative scenes can lead to boundary restriction. The current study evaluates combined the effects of both factors on first encounters. I had participants look at possible mechanisms that may reconcile these conflicting findings. We hypothesize several pictures of Caucasian and African-American individuals in rural and urban that negative elements in an image may shift the center of focus away from the environments. After viewing each photo, the participants rated those photos on Likert center of the image. In such as case, it is possible that boundary extension may still scales measuring friendliness and approachability, designed for this experiment. My occur but only in relation to the negative element. That is, the location of information hypothesis was people would make more positive assumptions about Caucasian that participants attend to when viewing emotionally arousing scenes may drive people in both environments and this will be tested using a two-factor within groups boundary effects. In two experiments we assess the influence of valence on boundary ANOVA. I hypothesize a possible interaction in which the difference between rural extension by systematically varying object location relative to borders. In Experiment and urban environmental ratings will be higher for the Caucasian individuals than the 1, participants’ memory for positive, neutral, and negative images was measured African-American individuals in rural and urban environments. by having them reconstructed the borders of learned images. In Experiment 2, participants’ memory for images was assessed by having them reconstruct the image Melissa Komand, Albright College itself within predefined borders. In general results indicated that boundary extension HOW COLLEGE STUDENTS RELATE TO STRANGERS ON THEIR COLLEGE CAMPUS occurred. However, contrary to hypotheses, in some cases boundary extension was This study is being conducted to see how college students react on sight to others only observed for negative and neutral images suggesting that boundary extension of different schools. The purpose of the study is to determine if the rivalry of may be mediated or moderated by schools is held within the school itself or within the students. The students of the Albright College psychology department will be the participants. They will take a Fatima Mendez, Reading Area Community College survey with thirty pictures and five questions for each picture. They will be asked EARWORM EFFECTS ON STRESS LEVELS to rate each person on Likert-type item scales concerning friendliness, likeability, This paper will examine the relationship between singing a song in one’s head and and approachableness. The dependent variables will be the attitudes towards the the effect on stress levels. Music is constantly related to good memories and good person and also towards the clothing the person is wearing. The main independent times; this paper examines if individuals find that repeating a song over and over has variable will be the different types of clothing, and the quasi-independent variable will a positive effect of their stress levels. Hypothesis: Songs that get stuck in one’s head be the year of the college student. The hypothesis is college students will be more have the potential to provide comfort during stressful situations. inclined to like someone who attends the same schools as they do, and that seniors of the school would be more inclined to have a stronger connection to the school, so Brianna Miller, Albright College therefore have a stronger first impression of the students from different schools. The PERCEPTIONS OF LEFT/RIGHT FACIAL SYMMETRY AND HALF/WHOLE FACES results are still pending and being reviewed. This study examined whether participants perceived women in images with either the left or right side of their face mirrored over to be perfectly symmetrical and women Dan Kozieja, Daniel Daniel Garcia-Vargas, Laura Masse, Penn State Brandywine shown as a whole face or half face as being more attractive, healthier, friendlier, THE EFFECTS OF DIVERSITY EDUCATION ON STUDENTS’ CULTURAL and more outgoing. Participants were administered an online, anonymous survey and UNDERSTANDING AND DEVELOPMENT were asked to rate the women in the pictures on a seven point scale of how attractive, This project examines whether diversity education increases students’ cognitive healthy, friendly and how outgoing the women seemed in facial images that were

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 25 4/13/15 11:21 AM manipulated to either show the left or right side of their face mirrored over to be Brij Patel, Penn State Berks perfectly symmetrical or images that were cropped to show either the left or the right THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS AND RISK: COMPLIMENTARY OR CONTRADICTORY GOALS? side of the women’s face. Results showed that participants rated the leftmirrored It was predicted that risky behavior would be associated with high levels of happiness symmetrical faces as being more attractive than the right-mirrored faces but not for in college students. Researchers recruited students between the ages of 18 and 25 measures rating friendliness, healthiness and how outgoing the women appeared. from the college library, cafeteria, and classrooms of a university located in the Participants also rated half faces higher in all of the dependent measures than the Northeastern region of the United States. Majority of the participants were female. whole faces. These findings suggest that people view the left side of the face more Participants were asked to complete an online survey via Qualtrics. Survey questions positively and these findings may speculate that images manipulated to show perfect were measured using the 5 point Likert scale. The variables that are being researched symmetry may seem unnatural compared to the half faces where participants could include achieving happiness as the most important goal, risk taking, rebelliousness, imagine natural symmetrical faces. adrenaline preference, future orientation, and influences. The study found significant positive correlations between risky behavior and achieving high levels of happiness. Alexandria Miller, Penn State Berks Data also revealed that motivation to achieve happiness is related to a motivation to CRIMINAL STEREOTYPES AND THE EFFECTS ON EYEWITNESS TESTIMONIES seek excitement. Stereotypes of criminals include characteristics based on their physical appearance including race, ethnicity, presence of facial hair, etc. Yarmey (1993) has also found Isaac Perez, Emmy Velazquez, Reading Area Community College that individuals are not only judged on their appearances but are also stereotyped EARWORMS AND FOCUS LEVELS based on the characteristics of their voice. Research has similarly shown that certain This study will look to see if there is any connection between earworms and focus stereotypes have been associated with certain types of crimes. African American level. The subjects were volunteers from the Reading Area Community College males are associated with more violent and drug related crimes (Van Knippenberg, demographic. The subjects were gathered through different methods such as word of Dijksterhuis & Vermeulen 1999). The current study evaluates the role that stereotypes mouth, advertisements, emails, and PsiBeta meeting. of criminals, based on race and appearance, have on the recollection of crime details. Participants were asked to read a vignette of a crime and match a face on the Dayana Petrenko, Ellie Herman, Albright College individual who they believe committed the crime. Importantly, stereotype activation PERSONALITY EXPRESSIONS IN FACEBOOK STATUS UPDATES happened before vs. after exposure to details. It was hypothesized that features, It was predicted that correlations exist between the type of Facebook statuses, specifically race and the presence of facial hair, and the order of exposure had an self- expressions online, and personality measures. Topics, as well as the emotions effect. Research conducted by Van Knippenberg Dijksterhuis and Vermeulen (1999) expressed, may differ as a function of the “real me” and the Big 5. Status updates showed that judgments of guilt, punishment and memory of an offender were all were quantitatively coded. Each profile was rated for factors (negative/positive affected by stereotypes. Specifically, they provided higher counts of guilt, wanted emotion, happiness, anxiety, personally revealing, etc.) Analyses confirmed high inter- more severe punishments, and could recall the information about the criminal activity rater reliability. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software counted types of words more accurately. in statuses. This offered further quantitative measures of emotional expression. Data analyses compared types of status updates and correlated to participants’ Big Five Irma Mrkanovic, Albright College personality traits and word usage. ONE FAMILY’S JOURNEY FROM BOSNIA After the death of Josip Tito, the implosion of the USSR, and the death spiral of the Dayana Petrenko, Albright College state of Yugoslavia, commentators in the West hoped for democratization to bring THE EFFECT OF CLOTHING COLOR AND GENDER ON PERCEIVED MOOD AND PERSONALITY open, representative governments, and, in their confusion of decision-making and An experiment examined the effects of target gender and clothing color on perceptions market systems, free market oriented economies, and, in a further confusion on of mood and personality. Targets wearing red or blue were seen as having more the origins of conflict, peace.The firm control over the nationalities was not widely positive emotions than those wearing black or white, suggesting that in perceptions understood. The federated state had suppressed national identity via a combination of mood the precise color may be less important than the presence of bright color as of complex administrative divisions, reduction of political participation, and political compared to neutral tones. Effects on personality perceptions were minimal. More socialization to membership in a common Yugoslav union. Instead of peace, the effects emerged for male than for female targets. collapse of central authority in Yugoslavia, which had been carefully orchestrated under Tito, unleashed successive arcs of kaleidoscopic violence across large parts Elizabeth Place, Albright College of the state, concentrated in Bosnia Herzegovina and Croatia, which the Mrkanovic THE EFFECT OF MUSIC TEMPO ON SONG PREFERENCE AND LYRICAL RECALL Family, the case study group was caught up in. Hundreds of thousands of people This study examined how a song’s tempo and the personality trait of extraversion may died in the bombing, shelling and sieges; untold numbers were massacred and laid affect short-term memory and one’s preference. Participants listened to songs that in mass graves. More than two million people were displaced, and those who were were either fast tempo or slow tempo. Then a two question quiz was administered able, fled to safety. Among them was the Mrkanovic family, whose story is narrated regarding the lyrics of songs. The quizzes were to assess how accurately participants by Nahida Mrkanovic, as told to her first child, Albright student, Irma Mrkanovic. recalled the lyrics from songs they previously heard. The participants then rated how familiar they were with the songs and how much they enjoyed listening to the songs on a 10-point scale. Results showed that while tempo of song had little effect on lyric recall, the speed of the song influenced song preference depending upon one’s

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 26 4/13/15 11:21 AM personality. Extroverts showed a greater preference for the fast tempo songs than did Comparisons of incidence along with the observed differences of contact initiation introverts. However, there was no difference found between personality types for the through gameplay between these two sports is investigated. This report clarifies slow tempo songs. Overall, the hypothesis that a person’s extraversion and exposure recorded differences between American Football and Rugby Union concussion tallies. to a musical tempo can influence their short-term memory recall was not supported. The information provided will serve to assist future reformations within gameplay, helping to create a safer experience for student athletes choosing to compete in these Ilyssa Schwartz, Penn State Berks full contact sports. EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE Violence in our country is turning into a very common trend. Whether it’s at home or Laura Van Schaik, Albright College in schools, almost everyone has witnessed some act of violence in their lifetime. The THE HALO EFFECT OF ATTRACTION IN RAPE, ROBBERY, OR LITTERING current study examines the role does people’s mental health play a role in violence. Research into criminal punishment has found that physically attractive people get We developed an assessment that evaluated the issues in the context of home and lighter sentences than unattractive people, even when they commit similar crimes. school environments, such as anxiety or anger problems, as well as with regards to This is known as the halo effect. However, sometimes attractive people are given personal violent acts. We also took into account history of any mental health problems higher sentences for certain crimes, a reverse halo effect. For example, a burglar and witnessing violent acts as well as being exposed to them. After all the data has will be punished more if they are unattractive but a swindler will be punished more been collected and analyzed, there was found to be a connection between one’s if they are attractive, even if the two stole the same amount of money. The present mental health status, whether that is anxiety and anger at home or at school further study asked participants to read scenarios about rape, robbery, and littering, which violence exposure. were accompanied by images of attractive or unattractive males or females. They rated on a scale of one to seven how responsible, justified, or moral they thought Tammy Seda, Penn State Berks the perpetrator was and how much jail time the perpetrator should receive based on EFFECTIVE COPING STRATEGIES: EXPLORING INDIVIDUAL PERCEPTIONS IN THE the image and scenario. It was hypothesized that participants would give attractive FACE OF TERMINAL ILLNESS people less jail time, see them as less responsible, and that they would be seen as With the advances of modern-day medicine, older adults are living longer, leading more justified than unattractive people. Instances of the reverse halo effect were also to an increased number of individuals suffering with chronic and terminal illness. investigated, as well as the effect of gender. Review of existing literature suggests that specific coping strategies (e.g., embracing and finding meaning in life, believing in a higher power, and retaining independence) John Vasko, Albright College are generally considered most effective when dealing with terminal illness. Family THE EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS ON METACOGNITION AND EXAMS members and care providers must also develop and employ coping strategies to This study conducted two experiments examining the effect of mindfulness on deal with their own unique challenges. Thus, there is a compelling need to better metacognition and exams and if a daily brief mindfulness regimen could improve understand the physical, psychosocial, and spiritual changes and challenges patients mindfulness. Participants for both experiments were randomly assigned to either an face during the dying process. The current study assesses the effectiveness of coping experimental or control group. After completion of a two-week regimen, participants strategies with patients, care providers, and control participants. We hypothesized completed a regularly scheduled exam using confidence judgments. ANOVA and that one’s role in the dying process would moderate the perceived effectiveness of t-test analyses indicated that the mindfulness regimen did not improve mindfulness; evaluated coping strategies. The patient’s and his/her caregivers’ physical, mental, however, the experimental groups for both experiments already possessed above emotional, social, and spiritual challenges, various hospice treatment modalities, average mindfulness pre- and post- regimen. Both control groups also possessed and the concepts of anticipatory grief and death anxiety within the realm of terminal average mindfulness pre- and post- regimen. Goodman-Kruskal gamma correlations illness are examined. The effectiveness of additional strategies and therapeutic and mixed measures ANOVA analyses determined that all participants in comparison approaches are also discussed to further explain why some cope, and even thrive, with actual performance were able to accurately use in-the-moment exam confidence better than others at end of life. judgments, but were inconsistent with post-exam judgments. Revision data is also examined. The results indicated that for individuals with above average or average Dominic Sprecher, Penn State Berks mindfulness, a link may exist between mindfulness and metacognition that is in- CONCUSSION RATES AMONG STUDENT ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN AMERICAN the-moment. Students may benefit from mindfulness through their ability to assess FOOTBALL AND RUGBY UNION how they are performing while completing a task such as an exam. Future studies Contact sports pose both short term and long term cognitive health concerns for involving demographically representative samples and below average mindfulness student athletes. Frequency and severity of concussions are at the forefront of samples may help to provide a better understanding of the link between mindfulness contemporary sports health discussions. A degenerative brain disease, chronic and metacognition. traumatic encephalopathy may develop in brains having sustained traumatic brain injuries. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy creates neurofibrillary tangles which Emmy Velazquez, Isaac Perez, Reading Area Community College restrict blood flow in the brain. Effects of blood flow restriction induced by traumatic EARWORMS EFFECT ON DISTRACTIBILITY brain injuries may include depression and dementia. The current study compares The purpose of this research is to study if songs that continuously loop in our heads— the propensity of occurrence for medically diagnosed concussions between two full commonly known as earworms are distractible. Nevertheless, hypothesized is that contact sports, American Football and Rugby Union. This study examines reported earworms do affect distractibility. For the study we use a sample of volunteers from anonymous injury data from both American Football and Rugby Union competition. the Reading Area Community College community recruited through advertising by

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 27 4/13/15 11:21 AM flyers, e-mails, PsiBeta announcements, and word of mouth. The method involves attractiveness, approachability and warmness/kindness from the original ratings on a Likert-type survey to further explore the subject. For the purpose of this research the same scales was explored. Participants viewed a series of sixteen photographs a Pearson r correlation is used. This research is important to conduct to further of men and rated each. Participants then viewed the same photographs, each understand the effects of music in regard to earworms in our everyday lives. accompanied by negative information about the men, and rated each on the same scales. Half of the images were presented with information that included the race Courtney Weibley, Albright College with which the man identified, the remaining half did not. Participants recorded PERCEPTIONS OF NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE CRITICISM IN ATHLETES AND NON-ATHLETES the race with which they most closely identify. Results are pending. The researcher Perceptions of negative and positive criticism in athletes were examined by reading hypothesizes that negative information about men results in more negative ratings several scenarios. Students at Albright College read the scenarios, and answered of attractiveness, approachability, and warmness/kindness than the original ratings. questions that pertained to the scenarios, predicting that athletes will perceive the When the negative information indicated the race with which the man identifies, negative criticism to be more harsh than non-athletes, and females to perceive the participants who identify with that race will rate that individual less harshly than the negative criticism to be more harsh as well. Results are pending. other conditions. The information from this study will help address the disproportionate incarceration rates of minorities in this country. Ashleigh Weidner, Albright College THE EFFECT OF THERAPY DOGS ON ATTACHMENT AND THEORY OF MIND IN CHILDREN The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the effects of therapy dogs on theory of mind in children. The current study examined whether the presence of a licensed therapy dog improved, impaired, or kept constant a child’s performance on theory of PERFORMANCE PRESENTATIONS mind tasks, also sometimes known as false belief tasks. Success in this task would mean that the child understands the mental states of others. This study also analyzed how these children felt about the therapy dog, and whether the children had empathy Performance Session 2-A for the dog. It was predicted that therapy dogs would improve performance in children Roessner Hall 205, 9:45-10:45 A.M. while doing false belief theory of mind tasks. It was also predicted that the dog will Panel Discussion: Glimpses of Reality increase executive functioning, in which children would be able to give correct responses to the task by pointing or through verbal responses. Another prediction is Sarah Belles, Reading Area Community College that adding a dog to the task will eliminate social pressure imposed by having another “CHARLIE”: A GLIMPSE AT A CHILD PSYCHOTIC adult, so therefore the children will be more comfortable in completing the task and No matter the shape or form, writers require inspiration. The short story that is be able to infer the thoughts of others will more accuracy. Children participated in the subject for this presentation, “Charlie,” was inspired by a state of necessary both a questionnaire and a simple false belief task. deprivation. I cut myself off from light, writing either in closets or on the back porch of my dorm room at midnight. The only technology I had with me was my MP3 player, Natalie Wilson, Albright College which was set on repeat for a playlist which was only four songs long. Such an THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL IMPRESSIONS ON JUDGMENTS OF INFIDELITY environment seemed suitable for the subject of “Charlie.” Because I was bored First impressions, based on observations of physical characteristics, affect judgments and because many of my friends had multiple books on serial killers, I found myself of infidelity. I examined whether attributions of infidelity in a relationship breakup reading about them. After having read many profiles, I noticed that the majority of scenario would change depending on whether one member of the relationship serial killers usually start young. It made me wonder if there was ever a point when a had unusual physical features. College student participants read scenarios about a killer was just simply a child, or if their thoughts were always irredeemably tainted. It hypothetical couple’s relationship. They then viewed a picture of either one male or was questions such as these that led me to write about someone with the potential to female with no, one, or two unusual characteristics. Participants read a transcript become a monster, but also a person who starts out just like the rest of us, inquisitive, that described how the couple separated, while the picture remained onscreen. They frightened, unsure of themselves with the compulsion to pretend. rated how responsible both the male and female in the story were for the breakup, and who they believed was more dominant. I hypothesized that viewing an individual Joshua Colon, Reading Area Community College with an unusual physical characteristic will lead people to attribute that person to “LUCID REALITY”: BLURRING THE LINES BETWEEN DREAMS AND REALITY a relationship breakup to infidelity. Specifically, if the subjects saw a male picture This presentation will focus on early excerpts from “Lucid Reality,” an original short with more than one unusual characteristic, they would rate the male in the story story that has traces of horror, psychological manipulation, and ambiguity, and thus as more responsible and more likely to be unfaithful and a male with no unusual leaves it audience simultaneously asking what the story means and what really characteristics would be seen as least responsible and least likely to have been happens to the protagonist at its end. I have always been a fan of stories that blur the unfaithful. I hypothesized the same for female pictures. Finally, I explored whether lines between what is a dream and what is reality, and I wanted my protagonist in college class year or participant gender affected the results. “Lucid Reality” to work his way through the conflict of trying to figure out if he’s stuck in a dream, if the effects of withdrawal are causing him to lose his mind, or if there Sarah Woodworth, Albright College actually is a demon that is hell-bent on harming him. Ultimately, my intention was to THE EFFECTS OF NEGATIVE INFORMATION AND RACE ON JUDGMENTS OF MEN write a story that sticks with my readers, causing them to ponder the validity of their The extent to which exposure to negative information results in changes in ratings of dreams, and to create a new type of awareness in their daily lives.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 28 4/13/15 11:21 AM Jessica DeDeo, Reading Area Community College Jessica DeDeo, Reading Area Community College “COFFEE SHOP BLUES”: OUR UNIVERSAL STORY SWING: BETWEEN CHOICE AND GIVING IN For this presentation, I will read from “Coffee Shop Blues,” a novella comprised of In this piece entitled “Swing: Between Choice and Giving In,” I travel through time alternating vignettes focusing on varied relationships throughout multiple generations. allowing the swing to become an escape from all of my situations that I felt I had no When I first started the journey with the characters in this novella, I thought the people control over. For my presentation I plan to read from a lyric essay of six sections, in to be mere figments of my imagination. Gradually, they became real, a living part which I explore the evolution of my identity with the symbol of a swing. Even before of me, their creator. Sometimes, I felt as if I were invading the privacy of these I was born, I swung back and forth between my mother’s world and the world of my characters sitting in a coffee shop; other times, I felt that I was sitting in a booth own identity. The notion of myself being independent of her was not possible then. with them. Although the stories that these vignettes tell are, indeed, different stories, In fact, I required her. Still, though I was growing, with her help, into the individual writing them revealed something to me: Everyone has a story. Every story has a that would enter the world and continue to sway between worlds, dabbling with conflict. And every conflict evolves in a simultaneously unique and ordinary way. independence, with my own strength, trying to become an individual who could stand Together, the vignettes that comprise this novella help show the reader—like the on her own. Perhaps children have it right; they kick and push forward only to be creation of them helped showed their writer—that, although sometimes we are so pushed back, forcing to kick again. This story is about strength, growth, and self- absorbed in the loneliness of our own individual conflicts, when we open our ears to discovery. the stories of others, we can connect with people who are more similar to us than they are different. Jordyn Pratt, Albright College COLORISM: THE PERVASIVE CYCLE OF INTRA-RACIAL PREJUDICE IN BLACK CULTURE Jami Gresh, Reading Area Community College Colorism is a word used to describe the intraracial prejudice one faces within his/her “THE SEVENTH KEEPER”: SACRIFICE OF THE SELF race. These prejudices are influenced by a range of skin color shades and driven by This presentation will focus on an excerpt from a full-length supernatural story, “The factors such as the media. In Black culture, light-skinned and dark-skinned counter Seventh Keeper,” an excerpt that serves as an introduction to the storyteller and the parts experience different emotional and psychological difficulties associated with protagonist, Muriel Dales. Just like most predestined girls, all sarcastic and self- their skin tone. Ideas that light skin is perceived as more socially and romantically centered Muriel wants is a normal life. However, being appointed as the Seventh acceptable make some darker-skinned Blacks feel compelled to lighten their skin via Keeper and being hunted by Lucifer’s dark army are surefire ways to guarantee that detrimental skin lightening products and practices. This study aims to identify the normalcy will never happen for her. Muriel must learn to accept her destiny for what psychological torment within the Black culture that continues to circulate through it is: a fatal contradiction. Although her life is protected, it is more so the protection of all generations; children, teens, and adults all experience different affects caused an object than of a person. Should she fail as the Seventh Keeper, her life and death by colorism. Through interviews conducted on children, teens, and adults in Black would become the least of anyone’s worries, as the only concern of anyone would be culture, and those outside of the Black culture, this study will delve into factors that the battle between Heaven and Hell on Earth. This piece is the aftermath of explaining have continued to influence the pervasive cycle of colorism through generations as a to a superficial, full-time brat that the world does not revolve around her, but, instead, means to shed light on a culturally damaging and destructive social practice. depends on her. It involves a lot of melodrama, grand theft auto, and attempted cliff diving. Eventually, there is no choice Muriel can make that will satisfy her. To live or Sara Riccardelli, Reading Area Community College die, either way, Muriel must sacrifice who she is. BOOGIE WOOGIE BUGLE BOY In The Andrews Sisters’ song, “Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy,” we follow the story of a talented musician who is drafted and forced to become the Bugle Boy of company B. For many of the men for whom The Andrews Sisters performed during their WWII USO Performance Session 3-A tour, the song about a musician turning his musical individualism into a resource for Roessner Hall 205, 1:15-2:15pm the military effort was up-beat comfort as they faced the grim realities of war. During a time where the War depended on troop morale and bond sales, Big Band Jazz and Elizabeth Cairnie, Penn State Berks Swing music boomed and everyone was dancing along to the tunes of The Andrews NARRATIVE PARADIGM APPLIED TO PERSONAL NARRATIVE IN POETRY Sisters, Glenn Miller, Harry James, and more. Driven by bellowing sounds of brass In his “Narrative Paradigm” theory, Walter Fisher asserts that humans are essentially and patriotic sass from America’s favorite trio of sisters, “Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy,” storytellers. It is based on our backgrounds, composed of culture and experiences, is a treasured favorite for people young and old. I love being able to sing this song beliefs and biases, that we are able to decipher the narratives we encounter everyday because it takes me back in time, and I feel as if Patty, Maxene, and LaVerne are right and assign to them credence and authenticity. Similarly, we become more fully aware there singing with me. of our human condition and make sense of our experiences through our personal narratives. In its literary application, the process of creating personal narratives relies heavily on autoethnographic agents. Here, I interact with this process in composing several original poems based on evocative self-reflexivity, creating a dynamic space in which to voice personal position. Their titles and corresponding themes are as follows: “Nonna” - uprooting, “French Toast” - performing, and “Empowerment” - re-envisioning.

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 29 4/13/15 11:21 AM VISUAL ART PRESENTATIONS up of two parts. The first being a quilt that represents a number of experiences from my own life. The second, is a written essay explaining each quilt square and the event it represents.These events have been analyzed and reflected on in terms of how it Visual Art Presentations will impact me in my classroom. This project has acted at a opportunity for reflective Roessner Hall 100, 9:45-10:45am learning as well as creative expression, both which are vital in the field of education.

Blanche Helbling, Albright College Samantha Shank, Albright College OPTICS TO OHIO My disjointed triptych “Optics” links the intricate biology of the eye with a In these works, I make an effort to illustrate imaginings of the subconscious and conceptualization of the infinite ways in which people view the world. Both the amplify the feelings behind my poem “To Ohio”. As an artist I believe creative writing form and subject matter pose ambiguity in this sculpture-photography hybrid: the to be as much of an art as photography. Considering my interest in both, I decided frames are purposely constructed without mandatory tops or bottoms and can to use both mediums to create something larger than what would be possible by the stand upright and/or lie flat. The pieces’ translucence may tempt viewers—perhaps works individually. Ideally, the viewer would observe the photos initially. Afterwards, unsurprisingly—to hold them against a light source. Guests are encouraged to pick reading the text and returning to the photo would unveil deeper meaning through each up the works in order to view them “better,” thereby enabling each individual to step. These photographs display my recent experimentation with longer exposure personalize his/her experience. Of course, this also subtly impacts the experiences times, the bulb setting, and unique lighting sources to strengthen the themes of of subsequent viewers, who will find the pieces as they have been left instead of vision, sound, and memory. how they “are” by mandate. Folk from Science Hall might be the first to recognize the framed images as microscopy studies: slide-mounted specimen viewed through and magnified by lenses of a compound microscope. Like the physical manner in which one views the triptych, the contextualization of the images is also subjective, as the peculiar designs and patterns invite aesthetic stimulation independent of their scientific ‘identities’ as abstract images.

Elizabeth Kane, Kutztown University ASTERISM Asterism is a book chronicling the development of conceptual art in the making since 2013, under the tutelage of an illustration professor and an adjunct professor experienced in concept work for the animation industry. It contains character designs, environmental designs, and plot descriptions for a cast of characters and the fantastic world they live in- a fictional land governed by magic and the movements of prophetic astral bodies. Concept art such as this can be used to pitch an animation project, graphic novel, written book, or any predominantly visual media. Along the way the cast of characters have expanded and evolved- and the world becoming more sprawling and complex. The final product is a printed piece chronicling the development of these characters and their world from start to finish. This book entices the viewer and sparks interest and curiosity of what can blossom from this project still in its nascent phase. It also demonstrates to fellow artists the versatility and necessity of concept work as an essential illustration skill.

Constance Kilgore, Kutztown University GOODNIGHT DESIGNER Goodnight Designer is a parody book that pokes fun at designers and the quirky things they are known for doing all while following the style of the popular children’s book, Goodnight Moon. After researching children’s books, illustration, and what is visually appealing about a book I chose to make my own. However, the target audience is not children, it is other designers.

Courtney Laub, Kutztown University THE MISS COURTNEY QUILT This project was inspired by the idea that a teacher must know herself before having the ability to know her students and meet their individual needs. This project is made

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 30 4/13/15 11:21 AM HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 31 4/13/15 11:21 AM Participants

Students College Time Room

Therese Adgie...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Michael Andersen...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner 105 Brian Anderson...... Albright College 1:15 P.M. Roessner 101 Brian Anderson...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Joseph Arthur...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 201 Nicole Asamoah, Kendall Rouesseau...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Samantha Asher...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 104 Toe Aung...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Danielle Avington...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Yahrelis Ayala...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Sara Baum...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Julia Becker...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 105 Sarah Belles...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 205 Matthew Bello, Irving Guzman...... Kutztown University 1:15 P.M. Roessner 101 Elizabeth Bengtsson...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Melissa Bennett...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Tyler Bernadyn, Milca Mendez...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 102 Lindsay Bittle, Jamie Dearie, Josephine Heil, Anissa Koperna...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Nicholas Boltz...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Michelle Boyer, Kelly Leon, Nellie Kabilizya...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Stephen Braconnier...... Penn State Brandywine 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Holly Bream...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 105 Amanda Briggs...... Alvernia University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 204 Gabriel Brill...... Ursinus College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atriu Jazzmyn Brown, Julia Becker, Hy Lam...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 105 Stephanie Buck...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 102 Christa Buckley...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Laura Budurlean, Mike Anderson...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Evan Bulcavage...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 205 Hannah Burton, Bryan Williams...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Elizabeth Cairnie...... Penn State Berks 1:15 P.M. Roessner 205 Crystal Casiano...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 105 Denise Castro...... Penn State Berks 1:15 P.M. Roessner 101 Mahdi Chaker, Michael Cimerola...... Penn State Lehigh Valley 1:15 P.M. Roessner 105 Samuel Charowsky...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 203 Samera Chebli...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 104 Daniel Cobb, Daigo Ndiaye...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Joshua Colon...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 205 Kendall Cork...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Ashley Crawford...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Elizabeth Crews...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 203 Ryan Cupo...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 105 Prasadi Dangolla...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 203 Morgan Daubenspeck...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Joshua Davidson...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 32 4/13/15 11:21 AM Students College Time Room

Kathleen de Haan...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Jessica DeDeo...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 101 Jessica DeDeo...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 205 Jessica DeDeo...... Reading Area Community College 1:15 P.M. Roessner 205 Diego Demichelli...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Andrew Douventzidis...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 105 Rebecca Dunst...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 101 Megan Ebling...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Devin Eby, A. LaManna, P. Murray, J. Paccagnini, D. Stuck, A. Yenser...... Alvernia University 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Katie Eggert, Samantha Lutz...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Joshua Ehlinger...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Michael Faust, Taylor Hollenbach...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Melissa Fiato...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Eyoel Firew...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 203 Kathleen Fitzharris...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Elizabeth Fowler, Meghan McKelvey...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Carrie French...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Margaret Froehlich...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Taryn Gehman...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 201 Kristen Gerzewski...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Natalie Gibbs, Ashley Maggio, Marissa Mussoline, Rosemarie Thress...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Joshua Grant...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 201 Deidgre Green...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Jami Gresh...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 205 Jake Hangen...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 201 Christopher Hare, Lucas Hepp, Matthew Craccas, Wesley Walters...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Scott Harkless...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Alexis Hawthorne...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 201 Blanche Helbling...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 204 Blanche Helbling...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 100 Hannah Hench...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 104 Nia Henry...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Misha Holt...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 204 Anna’le Hornak...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 204 Daniel Johnston...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 204 Elizabeth Kane...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 100 Ezra Kane-Salafia...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 104 Robert Kelly...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 205 Keyana Kern...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 203 Constance Kilgore...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 100 Robert Knoll...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner 105 Connor Koellner...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Melissa Komand...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Dan Kozieja, Daniel Ðaniel Garcia-Vargas, Laura Masse...... Penn State Brandywine 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Courtney Laub...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 100 Erich Lenz...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 203

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Students College Time Room

Samantha Lutz, Katie Eggert...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Catherine Mahony...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 101 David McCarrick...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Caitlyn McGrellis...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Fatima Mendez...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 104 Fatima Mendez...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Michael Mfarej...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner 104 Alexandria Miller...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Brianna Miller...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Jared Moser ...... Penn State Berks 1:15 P.M. Roessner 102 Tyler Moser...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Brandon Mowery...... Kutztown University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 204 Irma Mrkanovic...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Alexandria Nasife...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 201 Tracy Nguyen...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner 201 Brad Ohlinger...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 101 Chastity Paredes-Rodriguez, Sheshkumar Patel...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Tyler Parkin, Seth Tyson...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Brij Patel...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Tessa Patton...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Hannah Pell...... Lebanon Valley College 1:15 A.M. Roessner 105 Johnathnael Pena...... Alvernia University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 101 Isaac Perez, Emmy Velazquez...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Dayana Petrenko, Ellie Herman ...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Dayana Petrenko...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Robyn Philactos...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 204 Robyn Philactos, Trevor Metterhauser, Wesley Gehman, Lauren Jones...... Reading Area Community College 1:15 P.M. Roessner 105 Elizabeth Place...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Rachel Powelson...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner 101 Jordyn Pratt...... Albright College 1:15 P.M. Roessner 205 Matthew Qualio...... Alvernia University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 102 Kimberly Radka...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 201 Sara Riccardelli...... Reading Area Community College 1:15 P.M. Roessner 205 Jose Rodriguez...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 102 Katlyn Roginsky...... Alvernia University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 104 Rachel Roseman...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 203 Nicholas Rossetti, Adam Fox, Frank Foose, Gerald Fisher, Michael Cappiello....Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Nate Rothermel...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 203 Jireh Saba, Jessica Hartman, Melissa Bennett, Amber Rogers, Bryann Cave...Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Launick Saint-Fort, Roberto Hernandez...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Yandeh Sallah Muhammed...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 102 Erika Sallavanti, Nicole Fetchko, Dakota Hirst, Michael Lineman ...... Kutztown University 1:15 P.M. Roessner 105 Cristina Santiago...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Zenas M. Savage...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Ilyssa Schwartz...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Tammy Seda...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 34 4/13/15 11:21 AM Students College Time Room

Mason Seewagen...... Reading Area Community College 1:15 PM. Roessner 104 Samantha Shank...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 100 Nick Simmons, Aaron Rizzardi...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Jordan Smith, Sheshkumar Patel, Morgan Mull...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Tyler Smith...... Reading Area Community College 8:30 A.M. Roessner 101 Justine Smith ...... Albright College 1:15 P.M. Roessner 102 Dominic Sprecher...... Penn State Berks 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Joshua Steinberg...... Kutztown University 1:15 P.M. Roessner 104 London Stever...... Albright College 1:15 P.M. Roessner 104 Jacquelyn Strange, Lisa Flemming ...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Theania Stuart, Samantha Gerhard...... Penn State Berks 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Corey Summers, Benjamin Fake...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 102 Michael Syrylo...... Alvernia University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 101 Hanna Szigeti...... Albright College 1:15 P.M. Roessner 102 Jordan Thomas...... Kutztown University 1:15 P.M. Roessner 101 Tia Thomas...... Alvernia University 9:45 A.M. Roessner 102 Ashley Tomlinson, Kathleen Fitzharris, Kayla Huey, Olivia Madara, Erik Sandbakken.... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Destini Torres...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 102 Kirby Turner...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Laura Van Schaik...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Tyler VanBlargan...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 104 John Vasko...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Emmy Velazquez, Isaac Perez...... Reading Area Community College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Angela Walter...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Jerri Waradzin...... Alvernia University 1:15 P.M. Roessner 102 Courtney Weibley...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Ashleigh Weidner...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Jacob Whiteley...... Kutztown University 1:15 P.M. Roessner 104 Natalie Wilson...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium Laura Wimbrow...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner 204 Alaina Wolfe...... Kutztown University 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Sarah Woodworth...... Albright College 9:45 A.M. Roessner Atrium John Wright...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 205 Kevin Yeagle...... Albright College 8:30 A.M. Roessner Atrium Aaron Yuros...... Alvernia University 8:30 A.M. Roessner 205

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 35 4/13/15 11:21 AM Thank You to Our Faculty Sponsors

Professor M. Ashraf Adeel, Kutztown University Professor Mostafa Maksy, Kutztown University Professor Stephanie Andersen, Reading Area Community College Professor Daniela Martin, Penn State Brandywine Professor Richard Androne, Albright College Professor Julia Matthews, Albright College Professor Allan Bäck, Kutztown University Professor Catherine Mello, Penn State Berks Professor Marilyn Baguinon, Kutztown University Professor Vicki Meloney, Kutztown University Professor Carol Bean-Ritter, Reading Area Community College Professor Chrystine Mitchell, Penn State Berks Professor Jon Bekken, Albright College Professor Tami Mysliwiec, Penn State Berks Professor Peggy Bowen-Hartung, Alvernia University Professor Rungun Nathan, Penn State Berks Professor David Brant, Reading Area Community College Professor Randall Newnham, Penn State Berks Professor Bryce Brylawski, Albright College Professor Christine Coleman Núñez, Kutztown University Professor Rosemarie Chinni, Alvernia University Professor Varsha Pandya, Kutztown University Professor Colleen Clemens, Kutztown University Professor John Pankratz, Albright College Professor Patricia Walsh Coates, Kutztown University Professor Roseanne Perkins, Kutztown University Professor Christopher Costello, Reading Area Community College Professor Rebecca Roberts, Ursinus College Professor Justin Couchman, Albright College Professor John Rochowicz, Alvernia University Professor Bahar Diken, Reading Area Community College Professor Elizabeth Rogol, Kutztown University Professor James Drummond, Alvernia University Professor Andrew Samuelsen, Albright College Professor Keith Feigenson, Albright College Professor Marietta Scanlon, Penn State Lehigh Valley Professor Sandy Feinstein, Penn State Berks Professor Carol Schwanger, Alvernia University Professor Joey Flamm Costello, Reading Area Community College Professor Gwendolyn Seidman, Albright College Professor Johanna Forte, Kutztown University Professor Jonathan Shaw, Kutztown University Professor Michael Gabriel, Kutztown University Professor Britanny Shelton, Albright College Professor Laura Gelsomini, Reading Area Community College Professor Kim Shively, Kutztown University Professor Dawn Gieringer, Reading Area Community College Professor Donna Singleton, Reading Area Community College Professor Teresa Gilliams, Albright College Professor Theresa Smith, Albright College Professor Christopher Graves, Albright College Professor Terry Speicher, Penn State Berks Professor Nathan Greenauer, Penn State Berks Professor Kimberly Stoudt, Alvernia University Professor Pauline Guerin, Penn State Brandywine Professor Barton Thompson, Albright College Professor George Hale, Kutztown University Professor Huy Q. Tran, Albright College Professor Susan Hughes, Albright College Professor Lorena Tribe, Penn State Berks Professor Teri Jensen-Sellers, Albright College Professor Gerald Vigna, Alvernia University Professor Karen Jogan, Albright College Professor Jeffrey Voccola, Kutztown University Professor Eric Johnson, Kutztown University Professor Bryan Wang, Penn State Berks Professor Huang Jui-Chi, Penn State Berks Professor Thomas Watcke, Albright College Professor James Karlinsey, Penn State Berks Professor Kesha Morant Williams, Penn State Berks Professor Ondra Kielbasa, Alvernia University Professor Victoria Williams, Alvernia University Professor Yoon Mi Kim, Kutztown University Professor Marian Wolbers, Albright College Professor Jennifer Koosed, Albright College Professor Eric Landquist, Kutztown University Professor Irene Langran, Albright College Professor John Lawlor, Reading Area Community College Professor Jayne Leh, Penn State Berks Professor Steve Lem, Kutztown University Professor John Lichtenwalner, Alvernia University Professor Eric Lindsey, Penn State Berks Professor Dale Litwhiler, Penn State Berks Professor Jeffrey Lovell, Lebanon Valley College Professor Joseph Mahoney, Penn State Berks

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HECBC Program Insides 2015.indd 36 4/13/15 11:21 AM