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Ppgpv Elisângela Alves UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE SANTA CRUZ – UESC PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM PRODUÇÃO VEGETAL – PPGPV ELISÂNGELA ALVES DOS SANTOS FELIX MELO ÁCAROS ASSOCIADOS A ARECÁCEAS DE IMPORTÂNCIA AGRÍCOLA E ORNAMENTAL NA BAHIA ILHÉUS – BAHIA 2020 2 ELISÂNGELA ALVES DOS SANTOS FELIX MELO ÁCAROS ASSOCIADOS A ARECÁCEAS DE IMPORTÂNCIA AGRÍCOLA E ORNAMENTAL NA BAHIA Tese apresentada à Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Doutora em Produção Vegetal Área de concentração: Proteção de Plantas Orientador: Prof. Dr. Anibal Ramadan Oliveira Co-orientadora: Profa. Dra. Denise Navia Magalhães Ferreira Co-orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Aparecida Leão Bittencourt ILHÉUS – BAHIA 2020 3 M528 Melo, Elisângela Alves dos Santos Felix. Ácaros associados a arecáceas de importância agrícola e ornamental na Bahia / Elisângela Alves dos Santos Felix Melo. – Ilhéus, BA: UESC, 2020. 104 f.: il. Orientador: Anibal Ramadan Oliveira. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Santa Cruz. Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal. Inclui referências. 1. Ácaros. 2. Ácaros de plantas. 3. Controle biológico. 4. Phytoseiidae. 5. Raoiella indica. I. Título. CDD 595.42 4 ELISÂNGELA ALVES DOS SANTOS FELIX MELO ÁCAROS ASSOCIADOS A ARECÁCEAS DE IMPORTÂNCIA AGRÍCOLA E ORNAMENTAL NA BAHIA Tese apresentada à Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Doutora em Produção Vegetal. Ilhéus-BA, 28 de fevereiro de 2020. ILHÉUS – BAHIA 2020 5 Aos meus pais, Elias e Zelita, pelo exemplo de vida. Ao meu esposo, Marcos Antônio, pelo estímulo, compreensão e cuidado. Aos meus filhos, Laura e Miguel, por todos os momentos de carinho e amor incondicional. Dedico 6 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a Deus, que em todos os momentos me deu discernimento e sabedoria para concluir cada etapa deste trabalho. À Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV) por possibilitar a realização do curso e do trabalho. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) pela concessão da bolsa de estudos. À minha família, ao meu esposo, Marcos Antônio Melo, e aos meus filhos, Laura e Miguel, pelo carinho, cuidado, compreensão e apoio em tudo que precisei. Aos meus pais, Elias e Zelita, pelo incentivo e suporte na hora que precisei. Aos amigos, torcendo sempre pelo meu sucesso. Ao meu orientador, Aníbal Ramadan Oliveira, pela paciência, compromisso, incentivo e ensinamentos que contribuíram não só na minha formação profissional, mas também no meu crescimento como pessoa. À minha co-orientadora, Denise Navia Magalhães Ferreira, pelas identificação dos Eriophyoidea, por todo apoio, paciência e contribuição para a execução deste trabalho. À minha co-orientadora, Maria Aparecida Leão Bittencourt, que sempre me deu inspiração e por ser minha referência na carreira acadêmica. Obrigada pela colaboração, correções e sugestões. À minha colega, Adeilma N. de Carvalho, por auxíliar na identificação dos ácaros da família Phytoseiidae. Ao meu colega, André S. G. Sousa, pelas identificações dos ácaros da família Tarsonemidae. Aos meus colegas do Laboratório de Entomologia da UESC, Amanda, Bárbara, Rafaela, Kaélem, Maily, Mírian, Poliane e Rodrigo, pelo bom convívio, deixando o ambiente de trabalho mais leve, compartilhando as tarefas e conhecimentos. A todos, muito obrigada! 7 ÁCAROS ASSOCIADOS A ARECÁCEAS DE IMPORTÂNCIA AGRÍCOLA E ORNAMENTAL NA BAHIA RESUMO O objetivo geral desse estudo foi contribuir para o conhecimento dos ácaros associados a arecáceas de importância econômica na Bahia. Verificou-se a presença do ácaro- vermelho-das-palmeiras, Raoiella indica Hirst, em 13 municípios das regiões Litoral Norte, Recôncavo, Centro Norte e Sul da Bahia, em nove espécies de Arecaceae, causando danos em coqueiros (Cocos nucifera L.) e em palma-de-manila (Veitchia merrillii (Becc.) H.E. Moore). Além de R. indica, foram identificadas 22 espécies nominais e cinco morfoespécies de Prostigmata, pertencentes a 21 gêneros de nove famílias. Dessas espécies, 12 são fitófagas, representantes de três famílias são predadoras e 12 espécies são de hábitos alimentares não determinados. No estudo, a maioria dos ácaros Prostigmata montados em lâminas de microscopia pertenceu a Eriophyoidea, sendo 90% representantes de Phytoptidae Murray, identificadas de Bactris gasipaes Kunth e Euterpe oleraceae Mart., sendo a espécie Retracrus pupunha Reis & Navia a mais frequente. Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) e Tetranychus neocaledonicus André foram as espécies de Tetranychidae observadas causando danos no coqueiro. Entre os ácaros predadores Prostigmata, a espécie mais abundante foi Bdella uekermanni Hernandes, Daud & Feres. Também foram observadas espécies de Cunaxidae Thor e Stigmaeidae Oudemans. Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) foi a principal família, representada por 25 espécies, incluindo a descrição de uma nova espécie de Typhlodromips, além das descrições dos machos de Neoseiulus recifensis Gondim & Moraes e Cocoseius elsavaldor Denmark & Andrews. Uma chave com os ácaros Phytoseiidae que ocorrem em Arecaceae na Bahia foi elaborada. Sete espécies de fitoseiídeos foram observadas associadas ao ácaro-vermelho-das-palmeiras, sendo Amblyseius largoensis (Muma), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Demark & Muma e N. recifensis, as mais abundantes. Palavras-chave: Ácaros fitófagos. Phytoseiidae. Prostigmata. Raoiella indica. 8 MITES ASSOCIATED WITH ARECACEAE OF AGRICULTURAL AND ORNAMENTAL IMPORTANCE IN BAHIA ABSTRACT The general objective of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of mites associated with palm trees of economic importance in Bahia. The presence of the red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst, was verified in 13 municipalities of the Northern Coast, Recôncavo, Northern and Southern regions of Bahia, in nine species of Arecaceae, causing damage to coconut trees (Cocos nucifera L.) and in manila palm (Veitchia merrillii (Becc.) H.E. Moore). In addition to R. indica, 22 nominal species and five morph-species of Prostigmata were identified, belonging to 21 genera of nine families. Of those species, 12 are phytophagous, three are predators and 12 were of undetermined feeding habits. Most of the Prostigmata mites mounted on microscopic slides belonged to Eriophyoidea, with 90% representing Phytoptidae Murray, identified from Bactris gasipaes Kunth and Euterpe oleraceae Mart., with Retracrus pupunha Reis & Navia being the most frequent. Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) and Tetranychus neocaledonicus André were the species of Tetranychidae observed causing damage to the coconut tree. Among the Prostigmata predatory mites, the most abundant species was Bdella uekermanni Hernandes, Daud & Feres. Species of Cunaxidae Thor and Stigmaeidae Oudemans were also observed. Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) was the main family, represented by 25 species, including the description of a new species of Typhlodromips, in addition to the descriptions of the males of Neoseiulus recifensis Gondim & Moraes and Cocoseius elsavaldor Denmark & Andrews. A key to Phytoseiidae mites that occurs in Arecaceae in Bahia was elaborated. Seven species of phytoseiids were observed associated with the red palm mite, being Amblyseius largoensis (Muma), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Demark & Muma and N. recifensis the most abundant. Keywords: Phytophagous mites. Phytoseiidae. Prostigmata. Raoiella indica. 9 SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................ 11 1.1 Palmeiras de importância econômica .................................................... 11 1.2 Ácaros de importância agrícola............................................................... 13 1.2.1 Ácaros fitófagos.......................................................................................... 13 1.2.2 Tetranychidae............................................................................................. 14 1.2.3 Tenuipalpidae............................................................................................. 15 1.2.4 Eriophyoidea............................................................................................... 17 1.2.5 Tarsonemidae.............................................................................................. 18 1.2.6 Ácaros predadores...................................................................................... 19 1.3 Objetivos.................................................................................................... 21 REFERÊNCIAS ..................................................................................................... 22 2 O ÁCARO-VERMELHO-DAS-PALMEIRAS, Raoiella indica HIRST (ACARI: TENUIPALPIDAE): PLANTAS HOSPEDEIRAS E ÁCAROS PREDADORES PHYTOSEIIDAE ASSOCIADOS NA BAHIA, BRASIL...................................................................................... 30 Resumo .................................................................................................................... 30 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 31 2.1 Introdução ................................................................................................ 32 2.2 Material e Métodos .................................................................................. 34 2.3 Resultados e Discussão ............................................................................ 37 Referências ............................................................................................................. 44 3 ÁCAROS
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