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The Emission and Application of Patterned Electromagnetic Energy The Emission and Application of Patterned Electromagnetic Energy on Biological Systems by Nirosha J. Murugan Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biomolecular Sciences The Faculty of Graduate Studies Laurentian University Sudbury, Ontario, Canada © Nirosha J. Murugan, 2017 THESIS DEFENCE COMMITTEE/COMITÉ DE SOUTENANCE DE THÈSE Laurentian Université/Université Laurentienne Faculty of Graduate Studies/Faculté des études supérieures Title of Thesis Titre de la thèse The Emission and Application of Patterned Electromagnetic Energy on Biological Systems Name of Candidate Nom du candidat Murugan, Nirosha Degree Diplôme Doctor of Philosophy Department/Program Date of Defence Département/Programme Biomolecular Sciences Date de la soutenance March 31, 2017 APPROVED/APPROUVÉ Thesis Examiners/Examinateurs de thèse: Dr. Michael Persinger (Supervisor/Directeur(trice) de thèse) Dr. Rob Lafrenie (Committee member/Membre du comité) Dr. Abdelwahab Omri (Committee member/Membre du comité) Approved for the Faculty of Graduate Studies Approuvé pour la Faculté des études supérieures Dr. David Lesbarrères Monsieur David Lesbarrères Dr. Irena Cosic Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies (External Examiner/Examinateur externe) Doyen, Faculté des études supérieures Dr. John Lewko (Internal Examiner/Examinateur interne) ACCESSIBILITY CLAUSE AND PERMISSION TO USE I, Nirosha Murugan, hereby grant to Laurentian University and/or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or for the duration of my copyright ownership. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also reserve the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that this copy is being made available in this form by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner. ii Abstract From the assembly of intricate biomolecules to the construction of tissues and organs from homogenous embryonic cells, patterns permeate throughout biological systems. Whereas molecules govern the multiform signalling pathways necessary to direct anatomy and physiology, biophysical correlates are inextricably paired to each and every chemical reaction – yielding a constant interplay between matter and energy. Electromagnetic energies represented as propagating photons or electromagnetic fields have shown to contain complex information that is specific to their paired molecular events. The central aim of this thesis was to determine whether these biophysical signatures or patterns can be obtained from biomolecules and subsequently be used in lieu of the chemical itself within a molecular cascade to elicit desired effects within biological systems. The findings presented here show that using a novel bioinformatics tool, namely the Cosic Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), biomolecules (proteins) can recognize their particular targets and vice versa by dynamic electromagnetic resonance. We also show using fundamental units of energies that this dynamic electromagnetic resonance is within the visible spectrum and can be used to define molecular pathways such as the ERK-MAP pathway, or distinctive viral proteins that mark certain pathogens such as Zika or Ebola viruses. Further findings presented herein show that these electromagnetic patterns derived from biomolecules can be detected using modern technologies such as photomultiplier tubes, and as every signature is unique to that system, can be used to identify insidious systems such as cancers from healthy populations. Furthermore, it is now possible to capture these unique electromagnetic signatures of biomolecules, parse the signals from the noise, and re-apply these patterns iii back onto systems to elicit effects such as altered proliferation rates of cancers or regenerative systems. The series of theoretical models and investigations outlined here clearly profiles the predominant electronic nature of the living matrix and its constituents, which lays the groundwork for reshaping our knowledge of cellular mechanisms that ultimately drive physiology, medicine and the development of effective diagnostic, preventative or therapeutic tools. Keywords: Cosic Resonance Recognition Model, Biophoton, Electromagnetic Fields, Spectral Analysis, Phototherapy, Cancer, Planaria iv Acknowledgements I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to my supervisor and mentor Dr. Michael A. Persinger for giving me the key to open the doors to critical thinking, discovery, and most importantly academic freedom. Your never ending efforts to integrate the natural sciences and the endless fight in front and behind the scenes to help students like me get the academic freedom to pursue the most challenging ideas/concepts that develop our society will be cherished and will never be forgotten. I would also like to give special thanks to my thesis committee members, Dr. R.M. Lafrenie and Dr. A. Omri and internal & external reviewers Dr. Irena Cosic and Dr. J.H. Lewko for your comments and guidance in the development of my dissertation and academic progress. Dr. Lafrenie, you have offered me not just your lab to explore the abstract but also advice on how to flourish within the scientific community, and for that I am forever grateful. To the Neuroscience Research Group (NRG) I owe my deepest gratitude. Each and everyone one of you (past/present) have helped shape me as a scientist and as an academic explorer. Thank you for working with me, laughing with me, discussing ideas, and critically evaluating my work. You are a special group of people who will help make this world be a better and more effective place. Specifically, I would like to thank Dr. Linda St. Pierre, thank you for being there for me, “ripping the Band-Aid off”, and fighting the close-minded, giving us the opportunity to explore and discover. You and Dr. Persinger are the reason I am continue this scholarly adventure, thank you. The most important v NRG member, Nicolas Rouleau, thank you for being my partner in this scientific exploration. Your dedication, persistence and unbelievable intellect has pushed me and this dissertation to be the best it/I can be. Thank you. You will always be my complementary spin and fill my orbital shell. Lastly, I would not be here today, with this Doctorate without the early academic foundation laid by my grandfather Dr. K. Arumuguthas. Thank you for the many decades of patience allowing me to grow and learn. Thank you also to my loving parents, Mrs. Nirmala Murugan and Mr. Murugan Palaniandy and my genius brother, Kavinaath Murugan. It is because of your sacrifices and support that I am successful today. Without such a team behind me, I doubt that I would be in this place today. Thank you. vi Table of Contents Thesis Defence Committee .......................................................................................... ii Abstract ......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... vi List of Tables .............................................................................................................. viii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. ix List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................. xiv Chapter 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2 – Combined Spectral Resonances of Signaling Proteins’ Amino Acids in the ERK-MAP Pathway Reflect Unique Patterns That Predict Peak Photon Emissions and Universal Energies ............................................................ 36 Chapter 3 – Biophotonic Markers of Malignancy: Discriminating Cancers Using Wavelength-Specific Biophotons ..................................................................... 70 Chapter 4 – Cosic’s Resonance Recognition Model for Protein Sequences and Photon Emission Differentiates Lethal and Non- lethal Ebola Strains: Implications for Treatment .............................................................................................................. 89 vii Chapter 5 – Cosic’s Molecular Resonance Recognition and the Zika Virus: Predicting Local Enhancements of Prevalence ....................................................... 117 Chapter 6 – Synergistic interactions between temporal coupling of complex light and
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