Pastoral Livelihoods Initiative: PLI-II Prescribed Fire Mission January to March, 2012

Seth Carbonari United States Forest Service / Flathead National Forest Edward Hiatt United States Forest Service / Kaibab National Forest Scott McDermid United States Forest Service / San Juan National Forest

Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...... 3 Executive Summary- ...... 4 Background and Context- ...... 6 Mission Activities ...... 6 Train the Trainer Workshop...... 7 Negele Prescribed Fire Workshop ...... 8 Yabello Prescribed Fire Workshop ...... 10 Closeout ...... 11 Accomplishments ...... 12 Recommendations ...... 13 General Recommendations ...... 13 Infrastructure Recommendations ...... 13 Workshop Recommendations ...... 14 Burn Implementation Recommendations ...... 14 Monitoring Recommendations...... 15 Challenges ...... 15 Contact Information ...... 17 Annex 1- Mission itinerary ...... 19 Annex 2- Prescribed Fire Workshop Agendas...... 22 Annex 3- Workshop Participants ...... 27 Annex 4- Resources distributed and contact information ...... 31 Annex 4- List of Individuals with Rx Fire Skills ...... 32

Photo 1: Workshop Participants at the Oda-Yabi Prescribed Burn, March 2012. 2

Acknowledgements- The success of this mission was a direct result of extraordinary support from countless persons from the communities the projects were located in and organizations such as Save the Children- US, CARE and USAID. Dubale Admasu, the Pastoralist and Livestock Program Coordinator from USAID played an instrumental role in developing the mission and USAID provided the funding. The tireless efforts of Theodros Jimma from Save the Children-US in Negele Borana and Zinabu Bora from the Oromia Pastoral Area Development Commission were vital components of the mission. They worked many long days in planning and coordination efforts to assure everything was organized, everyone was working together and all logistical needs were met. They should both be commended for their efforts and accomplishments in taking prescribed fire training and implementation to the next level in Ethiopia. The participants in the workshop should all be recognized for their commitment to improving the lives of the pastoral communities and their eagerness and ability to become skilled at using prescribed fire as a tool to improve rangeland health. The team collected information and advice from many sources that assisted greatly in the accomplishment of the mission. Thanks go participants from previous missions, professors and staff from the Forestry College at Wondo Genet, Peace Corp volunteers, other member s of the USFS mission (and their supervisors at the USFS that allowed them to participate) and other in country professionals. Lastly, the drivers deserve our gratitude for going above and beyond expectations to not only get us where we needed to be, but to assist in logistical support, communications and day to day operations.

Photo 2: Did-Xuyura Prescribed Burn near Yabello, March 2012.

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Executive Summary- A group of prescribed fire specialists from the United States Forest Service travelled to Ethiopia in January through March of 2012 to provide training on prescribed fire planning, implementation and monitoring. The objective of the prescribed fire mission was a scaling up of prescribed burning practice in Borana and Guji Zones; to strengthen capacities of communities, NGO’s and government partners in prescribed fire implementation and planning. The training built on training provided in previous missions and served to scale up capacities for prescribed fire implementation and planning. One prescribed fire “train the trainer” workshop was held in Negele Borana to prepare instructors. Two subsequent prescribed fire workshops, one in Negele Borana and one in Yabelo, were held using those trainers as primary instructors. There were 18 participants involved in the train the trainer workshop, 35 participants involved in following workshops and ~95 community members involved in the implementation of prescribed burns. Implementation of prescribed fire was completed on 111 hectares in 4 different communities. For future missions and burns, a list of individuals with Rx Fire training and implementation skills is in Annex 4.

Table 1: 2012 Accomplishments compared to 2011. Note- After the 2011 mission, 25 additional hectares were burned near Negele without the support of USFS specialists.

2012 Workshop Negele Negele Yabello 2012 2011 Summary Train the Workshop Workshop Total Total Trainer Workshop Workshop 18 25 10 53 28 Participants Community ~75 ~20 ~95 ~25 Members Participating Sites Burned 3 1 4 1 Hectares Burned 91 20 111 25

The significant steps forward that were achieved in the program this year were: - Much of the classroom training was planned and taught by Ethiopian instructors (under the direction of USFS specialists), whereas in the past, all instruction was provided by USFS specialists. - Participation in the workshops included community members whereas in the past all participants were from NGO’s or government. - A larger number of sites (4) and larger area (approximately 111 hectares) was treated than has been treated in the past. - Ethiopian instructors assumed all leadership roles during the prescribed fire implementation and USFS personnel acted as advisors.

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Significant findings and recommendations include: Future USFS Prescribed Fire Missions are recommended continuing to use similar workshop approaches. Future prescribed fire workshops should utilize Ethiopian specialists as trainers. USFS prescribed fire specialists do not need to be present at each prescribed fire implementation; however, their presence as advisors will benefit the participants and the implementation, especially on more complex burns. A cadre of capable instructors has been built up for basic prescribed fire workshops. USFS prescribed fire specialists do not need to be present at every workshop, but their being there as advisors will still be very helpful. Any larger workshops, advanced workshops or train the trainer workshops should have USFS prescribed fire specialists involved. Monitoring efforts, both qualitative and quantitative, should continue so as to assess the effects of prescribed fire implementation. Utilize the planning efforts (Table 1) that took place during the 2012 workshops to plan and support training and implementation efforts in 2013/2014. Continue to support the use of prescribed fire by providing specialized equipment.

Photo 3: Oda-Yabi Prescribed Burn three months after treatment in March of 2011. 5

Background and Context- Historically, prescribed fire has been extensively used as a rangeland management tool in Southern Ethiopia. Pastoral communities used prescribed fire to maintain grassland savannas for forage production and other benefits. Governmental restrictions caused prescribed burning to be halted in the 1970’s and that has led to an increase in brush encroachment and a decrease in rangeland health. The Pastoralist Livelihood Initiative (PLI) is working to return the responsible use of fire to the pastoral communities. The USFS has been sending teams to Ethiopia since 2006 to assist in the reintroduction of fire as a rangeland management tool. The trip reports from these missions are available through USFS International Programs1 Prescribed fire is a valuable tool that can be utilized by the pastoral communities to maintain healthy rangelands. Because of the changes in range dynamics over the years through the exclusion of fire, the loss of some traditional skills with prescribed fire and increased values to be protected, there are challenges to the reintroduction of fire. Building the skills back into the communities, NGO’s and government partners is integral to the successful use of prescribed fire as a tool. Efforts such as the prescribed fire workshops provided through PLI 1 and 2 are advancing this cause.

Traditionally, pastoralists have used fire as a tool to Photo 4: Ignition at Kere Gutu Kallo, March reduce brush encroachment, encourage regeneration of 2012 palatable grasses and brush, remove cover used by predators and to reduce the threat of tick borne diseases.

Mission Activities The USFS team consisted of Seth Carbonari, Edward Hiatt, Scott McDermid and Jason Ko (Africa Program Specialist). Dubale Admasu from USAID Ethiopia managed the budget support, direction and overall objectives for the mission. Aliyu Mustefa of Save the Children-US planned and organized much of the trip and provided invaluable advice and support. Seth Carbonari, the prescribed fire team leader, arrived in Addis Ababa on 27 January, 2012 and met with Jason Ko from USFS International Programs.

1 http://rmportal.net/library/collections/usda-forest-service-document-collection 6

The first part of the week of January 30 was spent in Addis Ababa meeting with staff from SC US and making preparations for the mission. On February 2, Seth Carbonari, Jason Ko and Aliyu Mustefa travelled to Wondo Genet College to meet with staff. The group collected information through discussions on the prescribed fire and other USFS IP missions with staff from the college and representatives from Colorado State University. The group travelled to Negele Borana on February 5th and spent three days there making preparations for the prescribed fire workshops, meeting with participants and visiting proposed prescribed fire implementation sites. Visits to the sites burned the previous year exhibited positive results. The pastoral community at Oda-Yabi described improvements in the rangeland through mortality in the brush species, rejuvenation of some of the grass and herbaceous vegetation and a shift in some of the grass species to more palatable types. The group traveled to Yabelo to meet with additional partners on February 9th. Meetings with CARE-Yabelo, the Did-Xiyura Ranch and The Yabello Pastoral and Dry-land Agriculture Research Center were held. Each communicated their interest in participating and supporting prescribed fire workshops and implementation to occur in the Yabelo area.After the meeting in Yabelo, the group returned to Addis Ababa to continue preparations for the upcoming prescribed fire workshops. Edward Hiat and Scott Mcdermid arrived in Addis Ababa on February 14. After a day of orientation in the capital city, they began the journey to Negele Borana with Seth Carbonari on February Photo 5: Oda-Yabi Prescribed Burn site. 16. Enroute to Negele Borana, they made stops at Wondo Genet College, the Senkele Wildlife Refuge and Bale Mountains National Park. On February 20, the USFS trainers met with staff at SC-Negele for final workshop preparations and a site visit to the Oda-Yabi Kalo. Train the Trainer Workshop The Train the Trainer Workshop began on February 21 at Negele. There were 18 participants in the workshop (mostly natural resource officers and extension agents from NGO’s and development officers from local government / Guji and Borana Zones) which was led by the 3 USFS prescribed fire specialists. The plan for the workshop was to refresh the participants on prescribed fire and its application and then assist them in planning and preparing for the larger prescribed fire workshop that would begin the following week. The five days of the train the trainer workshop (February 21-25) were split between classroom presentations, preparation work at the burn sites and preparation for the upcoming, larger workshop. Training was also provided to participants on the use and applications of GPS devices.

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The participants met with elders at the Kere Gutu Kalo to discuss how the results of the prescribed fire application from the previous year and the area they desired to treat with prescribed fire this year. The elders expressed to the participants their belief that the prescribed fire treatment: Killed some of the brush species, lessening the overall brush coverage. Improved the quality of the graze by replacing older, tougher grasses with younger, more palatable grasses. Shifted some of the grass species to favor more desirable and palatable species. Increased the abundance and health of grass with more coverage and less bare areas. Had little impact on larger brush plants and in areas with a low fuel loading. Were generally very happy with the results of the prescribed burning and desired to continue to implement prescribed fire over a larger area. The Train the Trainer Workshop participants worked with the Kere Gutu community members to prepare the new prescribed burn site for prescribed burn application and identify the objectives of the burn (knock back the brush encroachment and improve the quality of the forage by rejuvenating the grasses). Control lines were identified and constructed where needed, areas to be protected were identified and the prescribed burn plan was developed. For future missions and burns, a list of individuals with Rx Fire training and implementation skills is in Annex 4. Negele Prescribed Fire Workshop The Negele Prescribed Fire Workshop went from February 27 to March 7 with all of the participants from the Train the Trainer Workshop acting as trainers and course coordinators. There were 26 participants (in addition to the 18 trainers) in the larger workshop who were mostly extension officers from NGO’s, development agents from local government and also many community members from local communities that wish to use prescribed fire in their communities. This workshop was largely instructed in Oromiffa since many of the participants did not speak English. The trainers and course coordinators (all from the train the trainer workshop) did an excellent job of coordinating the workshop and providing meaningful instruction. Classroom instruction was provided on: Fire Behavior- Fuels, weather and topography. Fire Safety. Prescribed fire planning, prescribed fire effects and burn plan preparation. Prescribed fire implementation and organization. Prescribed fire monitoring. Fire suppression and holding techniques. Indigenous burning practice vs. modern day prescribed fire practices. The workshop was designed to lessen the amount of time spent in the classroom and maximize the amount of time spent on practical application of prescribed fire in the field. During the workshop, three prescribed fire burn sites were prepared and treated while one additional site was evaluated but not treated. All of the prescribed fire sites were within community reserve areas called kallos. These areas are targeted for prescribed fire treatments because they are high 8 value areas for the communities and the communities have the ability to protect the areas from grazing so a suitable fuel loading can be attained and the area can be allowed to recover after the prescribed fire treatment. Trainers from the Train the Trainer Workshop planned and implemented all of the prescribed burns acting in leadership roles while the USFS prescribed fire specialists acted as advisors. Local community members at each of the burn areas participated in the prescribed burn implementation and received direction and training from trainers and workshop participants. The following three sites were treated with prescribed fire: Oda-Yabi- 40 hectares o Includes participation of ~25 community members Kere Gutu- 40 Hectares o Includes participation of ~25 community members Bura Dhera- 11 Hectares o Includes participation of ~25 community members The three sites were in different communities, but all had the same objectives of decreasing the amount of brush and improving graze by rejuvenating the grasses and adding nutrients to the soils. A fourth site at Maddadunun was evaluated for prescribed fire treatment but not selected. Through a very dynamic participatory planning process, the site was ruled out. Extensive discussions were held with the community, local government and participating NGO’s that led to participants choosing to select another site for treatment instead of the Maddadunun site. The process was a good example of how the planning process works and prescribed fire treatments should only be implemented with agreement from all. The participants in the workshop communicated a strong desire to develop skills in the use of GPS units so they could accurately map and determine acreage for project areas. The prescribed fire specialists were able to provide GPS training utilizing GPS units that USFS International Programs provided for SC-US through PLI-II. At the end of the workshop, the participants divided into groups based on their home areas. They then developed plans for how they would train others and also implement prescribed fire at their home areas. These plans included future prescribed fire workshops and also identifying specific areas in which they felt prescribed fire should be implemented in cooperation with local communities (See Table 2). The plans developed should be utilized to plan USFS supported training and implementation for 2013/2014.

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Table 2: Goals for 2013/2014 developed by participants in the prescribed fire workshops at Negele Borana and Yabello in March of 2012.

The Negele Prescribed Fire Workshop finished on March 7 and the USFS prescribed fire specialists travelled to Yabello to meet with representatives from the Did-Xuyura Ranch, SC-US and CARE- Yabello to plan an additional prescribed fire workshop to be held the next week. The specialists then travelled back to Addis Ababa and Edward Hiatt and Scott McDermid departed for the USA on March 12. Yabello Prescribed Fire Workshop Seth Carbonari returned to Yabello on March 13th to assist with the Yabello Prescribed Fire Workshop. This workshop was shorter and with a smaller number of participants. It was again instructed and facilitated by trainers from the Train the Trainer Workshop and consisted of two days of classroom instruction and discussions and two days of practical prescribed fire application at the Did-Xuyura Ranch. The curriculum for the workshop was very similar to the curriculum at the Negele Prescribed Fire Workshop, but focused more on prescribed fire implementation and less on in depth prescribed fire planning. There were 10 participants in the workshop including the trainers. The practical prescribed fire application was conducted at the Did-Xuyura Ranch and was again planned and implemented by the trainers using community members to assist in control operations and the USFS prescribed fire specialist as an advisor.

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The Yabello Prescribed Fire Workshop wrapped up on March 17 and the USFS prescribed fire specialist travelled back to Addis Ababa.

Photo 6: Ignition operations at Did-Xuyura Ranch near Yabello, March 2012. Closeout The week of March 19th was spent wrapping up details from the workshops and preparing reports. On March 22nd a closeout meeting was held with PLI consortium members to discuss the prescribed fire mission and other PLI missions the USFS International Programs is involved with. Zinabu Bora (Oromia Pastoral Area Development Commission) and Seth Carbonari presented information on the mission including accomplishments and recommendations. Good discussion was held among consortium members about how, even though there were good successes with this year’s mission, prescribed fire has not become widely used among the pastoralists. Identifying the key reasons behind that will aid in planning future missions.

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Photo 7: Ignition operations at Kere Gutu Kalo, March 2012.

Accomplishments One train the trainer workshop was taught by USFS prescribed fire specialists and two workshops were taught by Ethiopian instructors with the assistance of the USFS prescribed fire specialists. 18 participants were involved in Train the Trainer Workshop, 35 participants were involved in the other two workshops and ~95 community members involved in implementation of the burns. 111 hectares or prescribed fire was implemented in 4 different communities.

Train the Trainer Prescribed Fire Workshop- Negele Borana. 14 days. o 18 participants from NGO’s and Government (Guji and Borana Zones). o Included training on GPS. Negele Borana Prescribed Fire Workshop- Negele Borana. 9 days. o -26 Participants- NGO’s (extension officers), Local Government (Development Agents), and pastoral community members. . -Taught by Ethiopian trainers from the TOT with USFS Advisors (3) . -Included training on GPS . -Instruction in Oromiffa o Prescribed Burns – All burns were conducted with Ethiopian trainers in all leadership positions (Burn Boss/Ignition Boss/Holding Boss and Fire Monitor) . Oda-Yabi- 40 hectares Includes participation of ~25 community members . Kere Gutu- 40 Hectares 12

Includes participation of ~25 community members . Bura Dhera- 11 Hectares Includes participation of ~25 community members Yabello Prescribed Fire Workshop- Yabello. 4 days o 10 Participants (NGO’s and Local Government) o Taught by Ethiopian Trainers with USFS Advisor (1) o Prescribed Burn. Ethiopian trainers in all leadership positions. . Did-Xuyura Ranch-20 Hectares Includes participation of ~20 community members Training and experience was provided to all that attended the workshops and assisted with the prescribed burns. Ethiopian specialists are now facilitating and leading prescribed fire workshops with USFS specialists as advisors. Ethiopian specialists are now planning and implementing prescribed burns. Ethiopian specialists are knowledgeable and skilled with equipment and tools used for prescribed fire. Ethiopian specialists are familiar with and able to utilize GPS.

Recommendations General Recommendations Utilize the planning efforts that took place during the 2012 workshops (figure 1) to assist in planning USFS IP support for prescribed fire instruction and implementation in 2013. This could be done during the planning phases of a possible 2013 USFS prescribed fire mission in coordination with the NGO’s and local government. One to two USFS prescribed fire specialists could travel to each area identified and assist in planning and presenting workshops along with planning and implementing prescribed burns. Consider Expanding Prescribed Fire Training to other areas. It was stated by a number of partners that maintaining continuity of USFS specialists improves the level of success, especially with ongoing projects. Provide additional workshops in the Yabello area. (recommendation by participants) Infrastructure Recommendations Personal protective equipment is not readily available. Efforts should be continued to increase the availability of basic personal protective equipment such as nomex shirts, leather gloves and eye protection. Nomex shirts, provided by the team, were gladly worn by the participants during prescribed burn implementation. PLI has provided quite a bit of prescribed fire equipment over the years. There is some question from different groups on how to utilize equipment that is in the care of other groups. A simple plan should be developed that lists all the equipment, who is responsible, and the process by which it can be borrowed by PLI members. Provide additional equipment (drip torches, weather equipment, shovels, flat hoes, gloves, two- way radios, GPS units, etc.). 13

Workshop Recommendations Recommended workshop types for the future: o Full workshops- similar to current content. 2-3 days of classroom and 2-3 days of practical (burning). Includes instruction on Prescribed Burn Planning (for those that will be very involved in the planning process-Natural Resource managers, extension officers, development officers, etc.). Maximum of 20 participants. Led by Ethiopians with USFS advisors. o Shorter workshop- focused on implementation. 1 day of classroom and 2-3 days of practical (burning). Not as much instruction on prescribed fire planning. Intended for community members and others. Maximum of 25 participants. Led by Ethiopians with USFS advisors o Train the Trainer/Advanced- Best to be coordinated with other workshops. 3-5 days led by USFS and Ethiopian Instructors. Previous prescribed fire experience required. Participants would then contribute as instructors in following workshop. Maximum of 8 participants If possible, include training in other rangeland management practices (cutting, cattle rotation, etc.) with prescribed fire training. Consider the development of a guide and course curriculum that standardizes workshop content and gives instructors a tool by which to follow while providing training. Could be developed as part of a train the trainer session with input from USFS experts and experienced Ethiopian trainers. There is a large desire at the ground level for GPS training and GPS availability. Continuing to increase the availability of these tools and the skills to use them will enhance abilities to accurately assess the area of burn units and also the ability to map and document those areas for future planning and monitoring efforts. The references “Guidelines for Monitoring the Effects of Prescribed Fire in the Borana Rangelands of Ethiopia” and “Guidelines on the Application of Prescribed Fire in the Borana Rangelands of Ethiopia” by Eric M. LaMalfa, Getachew Gebru, Dadhi Amosha, and D. Layne Coppock, August 2008, should be used in future training sessions in the area and should be distributed to practitioners. Future workshops should allow for flexibility in schedules to allow for adaptation to weather conditions, logistical challenges and other topics that may develop. Workshops should be flexible to allow for long breaks and long lunch periods. Participants and cadre appreciated the time as it wasn’t always possible to get food quickly. Tea, coffee, water and snacks provided at break times were also greatly appreciated. Burn Implementation Recommendations Construction of control lines and utilization of natural control lines prior to prescribed burn implementation will significantly increase the likelihood of success and lessen the resources needed. These issues should be specifically addressed in the pre-planning process. Flexibility should be built into operations by utilizing alternative control lines to 14

break up units if needed. Having larger burn areas broken into blocks by control lines will give managers options to continue if time and conditions are favorable or stop if they are not. As found at previous workshops, obtaining a weather forecast specific to the area and of any use to prescribed fire planning was not possible. Although discomforting to those of us accustomed to getting good weather forecasts, this did not prove to be a problem. In discussions with local community members, natural resource managers and extension officers, they generally use traditional observation methods to predict expected weather. Also, from discussions with them, the type of weather events that would prove hazardous to control efforts are not common during the times burning would likely take place. To compensate for the lack of forecasts, managers should design burn units to have lessened opportunities for escape. For example, by creating wider control lines and allowing for units to be broken up into blocks. Community members and others should be encouraged to participate in burning to gain experience even if they are not involved in the workshops. Additional funding for fuel and equipment Monitoring Recommendations Monitoring- It will be important for those utilizing prescribed fire as a management tool to document and share their results and findings. There are still many questions about how fire will affect specific plant and animal species in the Borana region. The quantitative protocols described in “Guidelines for Monioring the Effects of Prescribed Fire in the Borana Rangelands of Ethiopia” (LaMalfa, et al. 2008) are a good basis to be used by prescribed fire practitioners. Basing the qualitative monitoring protocols on written notes and photo-points instead of more complex methodology will increase the likelihood that the monitoring will occur. The availability of digital cameras and a protocol to store collected data where it is accessible will be advantageous to the efforts. The quantitative monitoring initiated at the Oda-Yabi and Kere Gutu burn sites should be followed through with to learn more about general prescribed fire effects, impacts to biodiversity and impacts to potential carbon sequestration. Additional quantitative monitoring efforts focused on impacts to specific species and advanced methodology will be useful. Encourage more detailed research into the effects of prescribed fire and best practices. Challenges Transportation for workshop participants was difficult to arrange. For the Negele Workshop, 4 vehicles ended up being rented from Addis Ababa at the last minute because vehicles were not available. Recommend that future missions make detailed plans ahead of time to ensure vehicles are available and also make a contingency plan in case that plan falls through. General Logistics- Logistical issues take up a large amount of time and energy, especially in the field. Getting direct support form NGO staff is extremely helpful and can save a great deal of time. It can be very important to have extra money (cash) on hand to pay

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for unexpected obligations as there is no ability to use ATM or credit cards in much of the country. The Negele Workshop was taught in Oromiffa which was necessary for the students, but made things more difficult for the USFS prescribed fire specialist. Recommend having a designated interpreter in the future so they are able to follow the classroom discussions and instruction. The number of participants in the Train the Trainer Workshop and the fact that some of the students had no prescribed fire experience made it more difficult to facilitate. Although it is great to see the interest in prescribed fire, it is important that participants are chosen that are ready to become trainers. Eighteen participants make it very difficult to give each participant an opportunity to gain trainer experience. Six to eight participants would be more appropriate. Scheduling- Many of the participants are very busy with overlapping commitments and priorities. It was very common for participants to miss a days or parts of days because of other commitments. The Train the Trainer Workshop participants were obligated to two and a half weeks of training without a break. It is very difficult to set aside this amount of time. Having more workshops for shorter duration and with smaller numbers of participants is recommended.

Photo 8: Workshop Participant at Negele.

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Contact Information

Seth Carbonari- Prescribed Fire Lead Edward Hiatt- Prescribed fire Specialist District Fire Management Officer North Zone Fire Management Officer Spotted Bear Ranger District North Kaibab RD, Kaibab NF - North Rim, Flathead National Forest Grand Canyon NP PO Box 190340 928 643 8101 Office Hungry Horse, MT 59919 928 638 7919 NR Office 406-387-3800 928 606 1401 Cell Phone [email protected] [email protected]

Jason Ko Scott McDermid- Prescribed fire Specialist Africa Program Specialist West Zone Fire Management Officer Dolores Ranger District, San Juan NF US Forest Service, International Programs Tres Rios Field Office, Bureau of Land 1099 14th Street NW, Suite 5500W Management Washington, DC 20005 29211 Hwy 184, Dolores, CO 81323 (970) 882-6836 desk Mob USA & Africa: (202) 203-0450 (970) 799-1175 cell [email protected] (970) 882-2643 [email protected]

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List of Annexes

Annex 1- Mission Itinerary Annex 2- Prescribed Fire Workshop Agenda Annex 3- Workshop Participants Annex 4- Resources distributed and contact information Annex 5- USFS Technical Assistance to the USAID PLI II Project

Photo 9: Did-Xuyura Prescribed Burn, March 2012

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Annex 1- Mission itinerary 26 January (Thursday)- Depart US- Seth Carbonari (Prescribed Fire Lead) 27 January (Friday)- Arrive in Addis Ababa 28 January (Saturday)- Addis Ababa- Day off- Meet with Jason Ko 29 January (Sunday)- Addis Ababa-Day off 30 January (Monday)- Addis Ababa- Meet with SC-US- Program Planning 31 January (Tuesday)- Addis Ababa- Program Planning 1 February(Wednesday)- Addis Ababa- Program Planning 2 February (Thursday)- Addis Ababa to Wondo Genet College (Jason Ko, Seth Carbonari, Aliyu Mustefa) 3 February (Friday)- Meet with Wondo Genet Staff and CSU professors (Seth Carbonari, Jason Ko) 4 February (Saturday)- Wondo Genet College –Day Off 5 February (Sunday)- Travel from Wondo Genet to Negele Borana (Seth Carbonari, Jason Ko, Aliyu Mustefa) 6 February (Monday)- Negele Borana- Meet with SC staff. Visit Oda-Yabi and Kere Gutu burn sites. 7 February (Tuesday)- Negele Borana- Meet with SC staff. Visit Madadunun Kallo 8 February (Wednesday)- Negele Borana- Meet with SC staff. Travel to Yabello. 9 February (Thursday)- Yabello- Meet with CARE, Yabello Pastoral and Dry Land Research Center and Did- Xuyura Ranch. Travel to Hawassa. 10 February (Friday)- Travel from Hawassa to Addis Ababa. 11 February (Saturday)- Addis Ababa- Day off 12 February (Sunday)- Addis Ababa- Day off 13 February (Monday)- Addis Ababa- Program Planning/Day off- Scott McDermid and Edward Hiatt leave US 14 February (Tuesday)- Addis Ababa- Day off (Seth Carbonari) - Scott McDermid and Edward Hiatt arrive Addis Ababa. 15 February (Wednesday)- Addis Ababa- Program Planning 16 February (Thursday)- 19

Travel Addis Ababa to Hawassa – (Seth Carbonari, Scott McDermid, Edward Hiatt). 17 February (Friday)- Hawassa- Meet with staff at Wondo Genet College, tour Senkele Wildlife Refuge. 18 February (Saturday)- Travel Hawassa to Goba. Tour Bale Mountains National Park 19 February (Sunday)- Travel Goba to Negele Borana. 20 February (Monday)- Negele Borana- Meet with SC staff and visit Odi-Yabi Prescribed Burn site. 21 February (Tuesday)- Negele Borana- Begin TOT Workshop 22 February (Wednesday)- Negele Borana- Day 2 TOT Workshop 23 February (Thursday)- Negele Borana- Day 3 TOT Workshop 24 February (Friday)- Negele Borana- Day 4 TOT Workshop 25 February (Saturday)- Negele Borana- Day 5 TOT Workshop 26 February (Sunday)- Negele Borana- Day off 27 February (Monday)- Negele Borana- Day 1 of large Workshop 28 February (Tuesday)- Negele Borana- Day 2 of large Workshop 29 February (Wednesday)- Negele Borana- Day 3 of large Workshop 1 March (Thursday)- Negele Borana- Day 4 of large Workshop 2 March (Friday)- Negele Borana- Day 5 of large Workshop 3 March (Saturday)- Negele Borana- Day 6 of large Workshop 4 March (Sunday)- Negele Borana- No Class. Visit proposed burn site at Bura Dhera 5 March (Monday)- Negele Borana- Day 7 of large Workshop 6 March (Tuesday)- Negele Borana- Day 8 of large Workshop 7 March (Wednesday)- Negele Borana- Day 9 of large Workshop. Travel to Yabello in the afternoon. 8 March (Thursday)- Yabello- Meet with CARE and Did-Xuyura Ranch. Travel to Hawassa in the afternoon. 9 March (Friday)- Travel from Hawassa to Addis Ababa. 10 March (Saturday)- Addis Ababa- Day off

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11 March (Sunday)- Addis Ababa- Day off 12 March (Monday)- Addis Ababa- Scott McDermid and Edward Hiatt return travel to US. Seth Carbonari travel to Hawassa with Zinabu Bora. 13 March (Tuesday)- Travel Hawassa to Yabello. Meet with cadre for Prescribed Fire Workshop. 14 March (Wednesday)- Yabello- Day 1 of workshop (classroom). 15March (Thursday)- Yabello- Day 2 of workshop. Burn at Did-Xuyura Ranch. 16 March (Friday)- Yabello- Day 3 of workshop. Complete burn at Did-Xuyura Ranch. 17 March (Saturday)- Yabello- Day 4 of workshop (classroom). Travel to Hawassa in afternoon. 18 March (Sunday)- Travel from Hawassa to Addis Ababa. 19 March (Monday)- Addis Ababa- Meet with SC staff. Closeout and trip report preparation. 20 March (Tuesday)- Addis Ababa- SC Office. Closeout and trip report preparation. 21 March (Wednesday)- Addis Ababa- SC Office. Closeout and trip report preparation. 22 March (Thursday)- Addis Ababa- Closeout with PLI partners 23 March (Friday)- Seth Carbonari- Depart for US. 24 March (Saturday)- Seth Carbonari- Arrive US.

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Annex 2- Prescribed Fire Workshop Agendas *Agendas were changed significantly to adapt to weather and opportunities

Prescribed Fire Train the Trainer Workshop Negele, Ethiopia 21-24 February, 2012- DRAFT This agenda is a proposed schedule and may be adjusted for weather or logistical reasons Tuesday o 0830- Kick –off . Introductions, plan for the week, weeks. . Expectations and goals o 1000- Break o 1015- Teaching prescribed fire . Prescribed Fire overview – why burn/ why not burn. . Process for planning . Review o 1230- Lunch o 1330- Prescribed Fire Safety/Fire Behavior . Review- sling psychrometers o 1530- Break o 1545- Prescribed Fire Implementation . Review (firing and holding) o 1730- Class out for the day- . Read Guidelines for Prescribed Fire in the Borana Wednesday- o ? (set time with class)- Travel to Oda Yabi . Field training on monitoring, planning and burn plan preparation . Return to Negele o Lunch o Afternoon . Prescribed Fire planning and burn plan preparation continued o 1530- Coffee Break o 1545- cont. . Prescribed Fire planning and burn plan preparation . Prescribe Fire monitoring o ~1730- Class out for the day Thursday o 0700?- Small scale burn implementation . Oda Yabi o 1400?-Possibly meet in afternoon for burn . review/AAR-Rest o 1730- Class out for the day . (work on Prescribed Burn Plan for Oda- Yabi/ 22

. read Guidelines for Prescribed Fire Borana Friday- o 0830- Review of previous materials and of Burn/burn plan? o 0900- Teaching Tools . Assignments and plan/schedule for workshop . Prepare for workshop instruction- . Prepare materials/presentations o 1730- Class out for the day Saturday- o Optional additional training or site preparation

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Prescribed Fire Workshop Negele, Ethiopia 27 February to 7 March, 2012 This agenda is a proposed schedule and may be adjusted for weather or logistical reasons Monday - 1730- Class out for the day - 0830?- Introductions, plan for the Thursday week - 0830- Review of previous materials-

- 1000- Break Burn plan presentation

- 1015- Prescribed Fire overview - 1000- Coffee Break

- 1230- Lunch - 1015- Additional Ignition

- 1330- Prescribed Fire Safety/Fire Operations/ Holding Operations and Behavior Safety

- 1530- Break - 1130- Lunch

- 1545- Prescribed Fire - 1230- Travel to burn site Implementation - 1300- Prescribed Burn at burn site

- 1730- Class out for the day - 1700- Return to Negele Tuesday - 1730- Class out for the day - 0830- Review of previous materials Friday- Victory at Adwa Day

- 0900- Presentation of Oda Yabi Burn - 0830- Review of previous materials Plan and of Prescribed Burn

- 1000- Break - 0900- Prescribed Fire planning and

- 1015- Travel to Oda Yabi burn plan preparation - 1130- Training on ignition - 1000- Coffee Break techniques/holding operations and - 1015- cont. Prescribed Fire planning safety and burn plan preparation

- 1230- - 1100- Prescribe Fire monitoring

- 1630- Travel to Negele - 1230-Lunch

- 1730- Class out for the day - 1330- Travel to burn site Wednesday- - 1400- Field training on monitoring, - planning and burn plan preparation. - 0830- Review of previous materials

and of Prescribed Burn - 1700- Return to Negele

- 0900- Prescribed Fire planning and - 1730- Class out for the day burn plan preparation Saturday-

- 1000- Coffee Break - 0830- Review of previous materials

- 1015- cont. Prescribed Fire planning and of Prescribed Burn and burn plan preparation - 0900- Prescribed Fire planning and

- 1100- Prescribe Fire monitoring burn plan preparation

- 1230-Lunch - 1000- Coffee Break

- 1330- Travel to burn site - 1015- cont. prescribed Fire planning

- 1400- Field training on monitoring, and burn plan preparation planning and burn plan preparation. - 1100- Prescribe Fire monitoring

- 1700- Return to Negele - 1230-Lunch 24

- 1330- Travel to burn site - 0830- Review of previous materials - 1400- Field training on monitoring, and of Prescribed Burn - planning and burn plan preparation. - 0900- Prescribed Fire planning and - 1700- Return to Negele burn plan preparation - 1730- Class out for the day - 1000- Coffee Break

Sunday- - 1015- cont. prescribed Fire planning and burn plan preparation OFF - 1100- Prescribe Fire monitoring Monday- - 1230-Lunch - 1330- Travel to burn site - 0830- Review of previous materials - 1400- Field training on monitoring, and of Prescribed Burn planning and burn plan preparation. - 0900- Prescribed Fire planning and - 1700- Return to Negele burn plan preparation - 1730- Class out for the day - 1000- Coffee Break - 1015- cont. Prescribed Fire planning Wednesday and burn plan preparation - 0830- Review of previous materials - 1100- Prescribe Fire monitoring and Prescribed Burn - 1230-Lunch - 1000- Coffee Break - 1330- Travel to burn site - 1015- Bring it home- Action Plan - 1400- Field training on monitoring, - 1230- Lunch - planning and burn plan preparation. - 1330- Additional Topics - 1700- Return to Negele - 1530- Coffee Break - 1730- Class out for the day - 1545- Workshop Review Tuesday- - 1630- Workshop closeout

Yabello Prescribed Fire Workshop March 14-17/2012 Date Ser. Time Item Responsible body Facilitator no. March 1 2.00-2.30 Participator Participant 14/2012 registration 2 2.30-2.45 Purpose of the work Tesfaye shop will be told to participant 3 2.45-3.45 Expectation of trainer Participant 4 3.45-4.00 Purpose of burning Araresa 5 4.00-4.30 Tea break Individual 6 4.30-5.30 Purpose of burning Araresa 7 5.30-6.30 Fire behavior Jaldesa

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8 6.30-8.00 lunch 9 8.00-9.00 Fire behavior Jaldesa 10 9.00-10.00 Burn Organization Bekkuma 11 10.00-10.30 Tea Break 12 10.30-11.00 Fire monitoring and Jaldesa Tesfaye/Zinab safety u 13 11.00-11.30 Traditional and modern way of fire Zinabu application March 1 3.30-8.30 Applying prescribed 15/2012 fire burning at Didi- Participant Tuyara ranch 2 10.30-11.30 Discussion March 1 3.30-8.30 Applying prescribed 16/2012 fire burning at Didi- Tuyara ranch 2 10.30-11.30 class March 1 2.30-3.30 What participant participant 17/2012 expect and get from training 2 Planning on prescribed fire burning from participant

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Annex 3- Workshop Participants

Prescribed Fire Train the Trainer Workshop Negele Borana, Feb. 21 to March 7, 2012 List of Participants

No. Name Organization 1 Edward Hiatt US Forest Service- Facilitator 2 Scott McDermid US Forest Service-Instructor 3 Seth Carbonari US Forest Service-Instructor 4 Theodros Jima Save the Children- Negele-Facilitator 5 Zinabu Bora OPADC-Addis Ababa- Facilitator 6 Betimwork Borena Zone Pastoralist Office- Instructor Tesfaye 7 Bekuma Gabise Did-Xuyura Ranch- Instructor 8 Befikadu Kasaye Borana- Instructor 9 Jaldesa Doyo Yabello Agriculture Research Center- Instructor 10 Begashaw PDO- Instructor Gezahegn 11 Ararse Guyo Care Borena- Instructor 12 Nebiyu Abebe PDO- Instructor 13 Ejigu Mamo Borena PDO- Instructor 14 Abera Adane Borana- Instructor Mulata 15 Kotola Ajawa Save the Children US- Instructor 16 Mulugeta Bekele Liben PDO- Instructor 17 Kono Uso Guji- Instructor 18 Mulalem Guji- Instructor Worede 19 Boneya Haro Guji Zone Pastoral Development Office- Instructor 20 Iyasu Aseta Guji- Instructor 21 Konsole Tanu Guji- Instructor

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Prescribed Fire Workshop Negele Borana, Feb. 27 to March 7, 2012 List of Participants

1 Sora Waafoo Borana 2 Dadacha Bilala Borana 3 Dido Golicha Borana 4 Guyo Dika Borana 5 Malicha Wale Borana 6 Ilmole Liben Borana 7 Ilmole Saro Borana 8 Doyyoo Galma Borana 9 Tamiru Kuru Guji 10 Sinhayenu Tesfaye Guji 11 Behailu Fekede Save the Children US-Negele 12 Sebiewanfel Workinen Guji 13 Aden Hussen Save the Children US- Negele 14 Asnake Kosne Guji 15 Tafay Haile Guji 16 Wario Boru Save The Children US- Negele 17 Israel Birasa Guji 18 Kiita Jima Guji 19 Beriso Kilta Save the Children US- Negele 20 Abdulani Haro Guji 21 Sharit Utura Guji 22 Tayib Arero Guji 23 Kadir Bati Guji 24 Usman Tuji Guji

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25 Gurachu Duba Guji 26 Kena Bilalaa Guji 27 Turi Liban Guji

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Prescribed Fire Workshop Yabello, Feb. 21 to March 7, 2012 List of Participants

No. Name Organization 1 Seth Carbonari US Forest Service-Facilitator 2 Zinabu Bora OPADC-Addis Ababa- Facilitator 3 Bekuma Gabise Did-Xuyura Ranch- Instructor 4 Jaldesa Doyo Yabello Agriculture Research Center- Instructor 5 Ararse Guyo Care Borena- Instructor 6 Ejigu Mamo Borena PDO- Instructor 7 Tesfaye Abebe CARE- Yabello 8 Halake Dida CARE- Yabello 9 Eshetu Alemu CARE-Yabello 10 Dima Desso Did-Xuyura Ranch 11 Takale Tasgara Did-Xuyura Ranch 12 13

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Annex 4- Resources distributed and contact information Hardcopy resources distributed at the Prescribed Fire Workshop “Guidelines for Monioring the Effects of Prescribed Fire in the Borana Rangelands of Ethiopia” by Eric M. LaMalfa, Getachew Gebru, Dadhi Amosha, and D. Layne Coppock, August 2008 “Guidelines on the Application of Prescribed Fire in the Borana Rangelands of Ethiopia” by Eric M. LaMalfa, Getachew Gebru, Dadhi Amosha, and D. Layne Coppock, August 2008 Student Workbook/PowerPoint printouts Class Roster and contact information

Contents of CD distributed at the end of the Prescribed Fire Workshop “Guidelines for Monioring the Effects of Prescribed Fire in the Borana Rangelands of Ethiopia” by Eric M. LaMalfa, Getachew Gebru, Dadhi Amosha, and D. Layne Coppock, August 2008 “Guidelines on the Application of Prescribed Fire in the Borana Rangelands of Ethiopia” by Eric M. LaMalfa, Getachew Gebru, Dadhi Amosha, and D. Layne Coppock, August 2008 Student Workbook Workshop Roster and contact information Powerpoint Presentations from the workshop Example Burn Plan template Example Qualitative monitoring worksheet Class photos

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Annex 4- List of Individuals with Rx Fire Skills Below is a list of individuals that USFS and PLI have worked with over the last two years, including a general evaluation of skills they have in regard to prescribed fire implementation and training. This is by no-means an all-inclusive list and might exclude others who may have those skills but are not mentioned.

Lead non-complex prescribed fires and teach basic prescribed fire techniques to communities Theodros Jimma Save the Children- Negele Zinabu Bora OPADC Betimwork Tesfaye Borena Zone Pastoral Area Development Office Bekuma Gabise Did-Xuyura Ranch Befikadu Kasaye Dirree Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Jaldesa Doyo Yabello Dryland Agriculture Research Center Begashaw Gezahegn Moyale Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Ararse Guyo Care Borena Nebiyu Abebe Dhas Woreda Pastoral AreaDevelopment Office Ejigu Mamo Yabelo Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Abera Adane Mulata Arero Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Kotola Ajawa Save the Children US Mulugeta Bekele Negele Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Kono Uso Guji Zone Pastoral Area Development Office Mulalem Worede Gorodola Pastoral Area Development Office Boneya Haro Guji Zone Pastoral Area Development Office Eyasu Aseta Guji Zone Pastoral Area Development Office Konsole Tanu Guji Zone Pastoral Area Development Office Aliyu Mustefa Save The Children Bikila Negasa Yabello Dryland Agriculture Research Center

Assistant Instructor of Prescribed Fire Workshops to NGO’s and governmental officers Theodros Jimma Save the Children- Negele Zinabu Bora OPADC Betimwork Tesfaye Borena Zone Pastoral Development Office Bekuma Gabise Did-Xuyura Ranch Befikadu Kasaye Dirree Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Jaldesa Doyo Yabello Dryland Agriculture Research Center Begashaw Gezahegn Moyale Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Ararse Guyo Care Borena Nebiyu Abebe Dhas Woreda Pastoral AreaDevelopment Office Ejigu Mamo Yabelo Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Abera Adane Mulata Arero Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Kotola Ajawa Save the Children US Mulugeta Bekele Negele Woreda Pastoral Area Development Office Kono Uso Guji Zone Pastoral Area Development Office Mulalem Worede Gorodola Pastoral Area Development Office Boneya Haro Guji Zone Pastoral Area Development Office Eyasu Aseta Guji Zone Pastoral Area Development Office Konsole Tanu Guji Zone Pastoral Area Development Office 32

Aliyu Mustefa Save The Children Bikila Negasa Yabello Dryland Agriculture Research Center Tesfaye Abebe CARE Yabelo

Lead instructor/facilitator of Prescribed Fire workshops to NGO’s and governmental officers Theodros Jimma Save the Children- Negele Zinabu Bora OPADC Aliyu Mustefa Save The Children

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