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Improving the River Lea in Luton for the Local Economy, Society and Environment

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Improving the River Lea in Luton for the Local Economy, Society and Environment Final Report to Defra Improving the River Lea in Luton for the local economy, society and environment Payments for ecosystems services (PES) – PES pilot research projects (2012-13): Project code: ERG 1205 March 2014 Creation / Revision History Issue / Revision Final Report Date 28/3/14 Prepared by: Tim Brewer 28/3/14 Reviewed by Jenny Mant 14/2/14, Paul Burgess 31/3/14 Reviewed by Steering Group February 2014 Reviewed by Defra February 2014 Cranfield University Cranfield Bedfordshire Mk43 0AL Tel: 01234 750111 Suggested publication reference: Brewer, T.R., Mant, J., Harris, J. Gill, A., Shaw, H., Burgess P.J., Farewell, T. (2014). Improving the River Lea in Luton for the local economy, society and environment. Final Report to Defra. Cranfield University March 2014. 51 pp. Cranfield University Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.1 Ecosystems services ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Payment for Ecosystem Services ........................................................................................... 7 1.2 Aims............................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 9 1.3.1 Scoping study ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.2 Workshops ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.3.3 Information sharing and dissemination ............................................................................... 11 1.4 Layout of the report .................................................................................................................... 11 2. Study area ......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Urban development legacy ......................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Characterisation of River Lea ...................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Current ecosystem services ........................................................................................................ 15 2.3.1 Water quality ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Flood regulation ................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.3 Climate regulation ................................................................................................................ 17 2.3.4 Habitats for wildlife .............................................................................................................. 18 2.3.5 Recreation ............................................................................................................................ 18 2.3.6 Landscape, visual amenity and health ................................................................................. 18 2.4 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 19 3. Proposed framework for urban PES schemes ................................................................................... 23 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 23 3.2 A framework for PES development in urban settings ................................................................. 23 3.2.1 Initial stages ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Selection of PES schemes to take forward ........................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Awareness raising ................................................................................................................ 27 3.3 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Cranfield University 4 Proposed PES schemes for river improvement in Luton ................................................................... 35 4.1 Misconnections ........................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.1 The ‘Eco-plumber’ concept .................................................................................................. 36 4.1.2 Key PES characteristics of the scheme ................................................................................. 37 4.1.3 Taking the scheme forward ................................................................................................. 38 4.2 Leagrave Park .............................................................................................................................. 39 4.2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 39 4.2.2 Key PES characteristics of the scheme ................................................................................. 41 4.2.3 Next steps ............................................................................................................................ 43 5. Conclusions and lessons learnt ......................................................................................................... 44 5.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 44 5.1.1 Achieving the objectives of the study ...................................................................................... 44 5.1.2 Research outcomes .................................................................................................................. 45 5.2 Lessons learnt ............................................................................................................................. 45 5.2.1 Development of the vision ................................................................................................... 45 5.2.2 Formulating projects in PES terms ....................................................................................... 46 5.2.3 Working within the constraints of funding availability ........................................................ 47 5.2.4 Importance of stakeholder participation ............................................................................. 47 References ............................................................................................................................................ 49 Annex .................................................................................................................................................... 51 Annex A: List of organisations represented at the project workshops ............................................. 51 Cranfield University Executive Summary Overview This report has been prepared by Cranfield University on behalf of Defra and summarises the outcomes of the pilot Payment for Ecosystems Services (PES) project based on the River Lea in Luton. The aim of the study was to develop tools, methods and protocols for designing and implementing a PES scheme in a complex urban setting using the River Lea from its source to Luton Hoo on the south eastern outskirts of Luton. Luton is representative of many large towns in the UK having a legacy of industrial development that has subsequently declined, combined with large areas of resident development particularly in the post World War 2 period. The population of the town in 2011 was estimated at 205,300 (LBC, 2012). The town is centred on the River Lea although it is culverted through the town centre. The official source of the river is in Leagrave Park on the north western edge of the town but a brook flows into the park from Houghton Regis in the west. In these upper reaches, the river is a chalk stream and is subject to low or non-existent flow during the summer months. From Leagrave Park to the town centre the river primarily flows through parkland surrounded by residential development. To the south of the town centre to Luton Hoo, there is limited public access to the river as most of its course passes through private property. The heavily modified river has been classified as having ‘poor status’ under the Water Framework Directive guidelines. The contributing factors to this status include: misconnections from domestic plumbing systems, runoff from transport routes, stagnant water during dry periods, in-channel litter and rubbish accumulation and, legacy contamination from mobilised sediments.
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