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ASTM Reinforced Plastic Related Standards 44 Introduction

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ASTM Reinforced Plastic Related Standards 44 Introduction Content Introduction 3 - Sulfuric Acid 17 - Using the DION® Chemical Resistance Guide 4 - Hydrochloric Acid 18 - Corrosion-Resistant Resin Chemistries 5 - Nitric and Chromic Acid 18 - Markets 5 - Hydrofluoric Acid 18 - Applications 5 - Acetic Acid 18 - Material Safety Data Sheets 5 - Perchloric Acid 18 - Ordering DION® Resins 6 - Phosphoric Acid 18 - Changes 6 - Deionized and Distilled Water 19 - Disclaimer 6 - Desalination Applications 19 Resin Descriptions 7 - Electroplating and other Electrochemical Processes 19 Bisphenol Epoxy Vinyl Ester Resins 7 - Fumes, Vapors, Hood & Duct Service 20 Urethane-Modified Vinyl Ester Resins 7 - Flue Gas Desulfurization 21 Novolac Vinyl Ester Resins 8 - Gasoline, Gasohol and Underground Storage Tanks 21 Elastomer-Modified Vinyl Ester Resins 8 - Methanol and Other Gasoline-Alcohol Blends 22 Bisphenol-A Fumarate Polyester Resins 8 - Ore Extraction & Hydrometallurgy 22 Isophthalic and Terephthalic Polyester Resins 9 - Potable Water 22 Chlorendic Polyester Resins 10 - Radioactive Materials 22 Specifying Composites Performance 11 - Sodium Hydroxide and Alkaline Solutions 23 Factors Affecting Resin Performance 11 - Solvents 23 - Shelf Life Policy 11 - Static Electricity 23 - Elevated Temperatures 11 - FDA Compliance 23 Laminate Construction 12 - USDA Applications 23 - Surfacing Veil 12 Common Types of Metal Corrosion 24 - Chopped Strand Mat 13 - Oxygen Cell-Galvanic Corrosion 24 - Woven Roving 13 - Passive Alloys and Chloride Induced Stress Corrosion 25 - Continuous Filament Roving 13 - Sulfide Stress-Cracking 25 - Resin Curing Systems 13 - CO2 Corrosion 25 - Post-Curing 14 - Other Types of Stress Corrosion 25 - Secondary Bonding 14 - Hydrogen Embrittlement 25 - Resin Top Coating 14 - Sulfate Reducing Bacteria and Microbially Induced 26 - Dual Laminate Systems 14 Corrosion (MIC) - Maintenance and Inspection 15 Alternate Materials 27 Selected Application Recommendations 15 - Thermoplastics 27 - Abrasive Materials 15 Other Thermosetting Polymers 27 - Biomass and Biochemical Conversion 16 - Epoxy 27 - Bleaching Solutions 16 - Phenolic Resins 28 - Sodium Hypochlorite 17 - Rubber and Elastomers 28 - Chlorine Dioxide 17 - Acid Resistant Brick and Refractories 28 - Chlor-Alkali Industry 17 - Concrete 29 - Ozone 17 Additional Reference Sources 30 - 43 - Concentrated Acids 17 ASTM Reinforced Plastic Related Standards 44 Introduction DION® resins are among the most established and best-recognized products in the corrosion-resistant resin market. DION® resins were originally developed for some extremely demanding applications in the chlor-alkali industry and their success has led to diverse and highly regarded applications. Reichhold is a dedicated thermosetting polymer company offering a complete line of corrosion-resistant resin products and actively developing new resins to serve changing needs of the industry. Over many years DION® resins have shown good long term performance when used in composite tanks and pipes as well as other structural parts made for the corrosion industry. DION® resins are known for their excellent chemical resistance and high mechanical properties in corrosive environments. More specifically, these resins have shown excellent durability within the chemically and oil/ gas industries, as well as the pulp and paper sectors. The high resilience and water resistance of DION® resins also makes them particularly suitable for marine applications such as boat hulls and swimming pools, as well as for use in building and construction where resistance to high static and dynamic loads is required. In applications requiring fatigue resistance and toughness, DION® resins have also proven themselves to be well suited. This includes use in the wind energy, aviation and transportation sectors. Help to Optimize Design and Performance Composite material systems exhibit design freedom relating to shape, size, and weight to provide technical solutions for proven long-term performance. In developing structural parts exposed in industrial environments, it is important for designers to make the correct material selection based on the required service life. This guide will help in selecting the most suitable material 80 Plus Years of Experience As a company with a long history of technology development, Reichhold is well positioned to support with novel material systems and technical expertise. With a network of technology centers and manufacturing plants around the world, Reichhold provides the required backup and security of supply to deliver performance to end customers. 3 Using the DION® Chemical Resistance Guide The chemical resistance and performance of DION® resins has been demonstrated over the past 50+ years through the successful use of a variety of composite products in hundreds of different chemical environments. Practical experience has been supplemented by the systematic evaluation of the composites exposed to a large number of corrosive environments under controlled laboratory conditions. This corrosion guide is subject to change without notice in an effort to provide the current data. Changes may affect suggested temperature or concentration limitations. Laboratory evaluation of corrosion resistance is performed according to ASTM C-581, using standard laminate test coupons that are subjected to a double-sided, fully immersed exposure to temperature-controlled corrosive medium. Coupons are retrieved at internals of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, then tested for retained flexural strength and modulus, Barcol hardness, changes in weight, and swelling/ shrinkage relative to an unexposed control. The data and a visual evaluation of the laminate’s appearance and surface condition are used to establish the suitability of resins in specific environments at suggested maximum temperatures. All of the listed maximum service temperatures assume that laminates and corrosion barriers are fully cured and fabricated to industry quality standards. In many service conditions, occasional temperature excursions above the listed maximum temperatures may be acceptable, depending on the nature of the corrosive environment. Consultation with a Reichhold Technical Representative is then advised. When designing for exposures to hot, relatively non-aggressive vapors, such as in ducting, hoods or stack linings, temperature extremes above those suggested may be feasible; however, extensive testing is strongly urged whenever suggested temperatures are exceeded. Factors such as laminate thickness, thermal conductivity, structural design performance and the effects of condensation must be taken into account when designing composite products for extreme temperature performance. A Reichhold Technical Representative may be reached via the Reichhold Corrosion Hotline at (800) 752-0060, via email at [email protected], or at www.reichhold.com/corrosion. All inquiries will be answered within 24 hours. 4 Corrosion-Resistant Resin Chemistries The diverse corrosive properties of industrial chemicals require that a number of resin chemistries be employed to optimize the performance of composite materials. Basic resin chemistries include isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, vinyl ester, chlorendic, and bisphenol fumarate resins. Each has unique advantages and disadvantages, and consequently it is important to consider when creating resin specifications. Reichhold can supply all the corrosion-resistant resin types in common usage and will assist in evaluating specific requirements. Markets DION® vinyl ester and corrosion-resistant polyester resins serve the needs of a wide range of chemical process industries. ● Pulp and paper ● Agriculture ● Chlor-Alkali ● Pharmaceutical ● Power generation ● Food Processing ● Waste treatment ● Automotive ● Petroleum ● Aircraft ● Ore processing ● Marine ● Plating ● Polymer concrete ● Electronics ● Alcohols and synthetic fuels ● Water service Applications DION® resins have over 50 years of field service in the most severe corrosive environments. ● Chemical storage tanks ● Chlorine cell covers, collectors ● Underground fuel storage tanks ● Pulp washer drums, up flow tubes ● Pickling and plating tanks ● Secondary containment systems ● Chemical piping systems ● Wall and roofing systems ● Large diameter sewer pipes ● Grating and structural profile ● Fume ducts and scrubbers ● Cooling tower elements ● Chimney stacks and stack liners ● Floor coatings and mortars ● Fans, blowers, and hoods ● Gasoline containment Chemical attack can alter the structural performance of composites and must be considered in the selection of an appropriate resin. Reichhold provides direct technical assistance for specific applications and for conditions that may not be covered in the guide. Test coupons prepared according to ASTM C-581 are available for in-plant testing. When calling, please have the following information ready for discussion: 1. Precise composition of the chemical environment 2. Chemical concentration(s) 3. Operation temperature (including any potential temperature fluctuations, upsets, or cycling conditions) 4. Trace materials 5. Potential need for flame-retardant material 6. Type and size of equipment 7. Fabrication process 5 Material Safety Data Sheets Material safety data sheets are available for all DION® and Atprime® products listed in this brochure. Please request the appropriate data sheets before handling, storing or using any product. Ordering DION® Resins To order DION® resins and Atprime® 2, call Reichhold customer service at 1-800-448-3482 or contact your local authorized Reichhold distributor.
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