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The Global Jet Structure of the Archetypical Quasar 3C 273
galaxies Article The Global Jet Structure of the Archetypical Quasar 3C 273 Kazunori Akiyama 1,2,3,*, Keiichi Asada 4, Vincent L. Fish 2 ID , Masanori Nakamura 4, Kazuhiro Hada 3 ID , Hiroshi Nagai 3 and Colin J. Lonsdale 2 1 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA 2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Rd, Westford, MA 01886, USA; vfi[email protected] (V.L.F.); [email protected] (C.J.L.) 3 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; [email protected] (K.H.); [email protected] (H.N.) 4 Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (M.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 September 2017; Accepted: 8 January 2018; Published: 24 January 2018 Abstract: A key question in the formation of the relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is the collimation process of their energetic plasma flow launched from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Recent observations of nearby low-luminosity radio galaxies exhibit a clear picture of parabolic collimation inside the Bondi accretion radius. On the other hand, little is known of the observational properties of jet collimation in more luminous quasars, where the accretion flow may be significantly different due to much higher accretion rates. In this paper, we present preliminary results of multi-frequency observations of the archetypal quasar 3C 273 with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 1.4, 15, and 43 GHz, and Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) at 1.6 GHz. -
Star Maps: Where Are the Black Holes?
BLACK HOLE FAQ’s 1. What is a black hole? A black hole is a region of space that has so much mass concentrated in it that there is no way for a nearby object to escape its gravitational pull. There are three kinds of black hole that we have strong evidence for: a. Stellar-mass black holes are the remaining cores of massive stars after they die in a supernova explosion. b. Mid-mass black hole in the centers of dense star clusters Credit : ESA, NASA, and F. Mirabel c. Supermassive black hole are found in the centers of many (and maybe all) galaxies. 2. Can a black hole appear anywhere? No, you need an amount of matter more than 3 times the mass of the Sun before it can collapse to create a black hole. 3. If a star dies, does it always turn into a black hole? No, smaller stars like our Sun end their lives as dense hot stars called white dwarfs. Much more massive stars end their lives in a supernova explosion. The remaining cores of only the most massive stars will form black holes. 4. Will black holes suck up all the matter in the universe? No. A black hole has a very small region around it from which you can't escape, called the “event horizon”. If you (or other matter) cross the horizon, you will be pulled in. But as long as you stay outside of the horizon, you can avoid getting pulled in if you are orbiting fast enough. 5. What happens when a spaceship you are riding in falls into a black hole? Your spaceship, along with you, would be squeezed and stretched until it was torn completely apart as it approached the center of the black hole. -
Virgo the Virgin
Virgo the Virgin Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac, the group tion Virgo itself. There is also the connection here with of 12 constellations that lies on the ecliptic plane defined “The Scales of Justice” and the sign Libra which lies next by the planets orbital orientation around the Sun. Virgo is to Virgo in the Zodiac. The study of astronomy had a one of the original 48 constellations charted by Ptolemy. practical “time keeping” aspect in the cultures of ancient It is the largest constellation of the Zodiac and the sec- history and as the stars of Virgo appeared before sunrise ond - largest constellation after Hydra. Virgo is bordered by late in the northern summer, many cultures linked this the constellations of Bootes, Coma Berenices, Leo, Crater, asterism with crops, harvest and fecundity. Corvus, Hydra, Libra and Serpens Caput. The constella- tion of Virgo is highly populated with galaxies and there Virgo is usually depicted with angel - like wings, with an are several galaxy clusters located within its boundaries, ear of wheat in her left hand, marked by the bright star each of which is home to hundreds or even thousands of Spica, which is Latin for “ear of grain”, and a tall blade of galaxies. The accepted abbreviation when enumerating grass, or a palm frond, in her right hand. Spica will be objects within the constellation is Vir, the genitive form is important for us in navigating Virgo in the modern night Virginis and meteor showers that appear to originate from sky. Spica was most likely the star that helped the Greek Virgo are called Virginids. -
Speckle Interferometry of Red Dwarf Stars
The Astronomical Journal, 155:215 (14pp), 2018 May https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aab9b8 © 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Speckle Interferometry of Red Dwarf Stars Brian D. Mason1,6, William I. Hartkopf1,6,8 , Korie N. Miles1,7, John P. Subasavage2,3,6 , Deepak Raghavan4,6, and Todd J. Henry5 1 U.S. Naval Observatory, 3450 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20392-5420, USA; [email protected], [email protected] 2 U.S. Naval Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; [email protected] 3 2310 E. El Segundo Boulevard, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA 4 Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3969, Atlanta, GA 30302-3969, Georgia; [email protected] 5 RECONS Institute, Chambersburg, PA 17201, USA; [email protected] Received 2017 November 20; revised 2018 March 19; accepted 2018 March 22; published 2018 April 27 Abstract We report high-resolution optical speckle observations of 336 M dwarfs, which results in 113 measurements of the relative position of 80 systems and 256 other stars with no indications of duplicity. These are the first measurements for two of the systems. We also present the earliest measurements of relative position for 17 others. We include orbits for six of the systems, two revised and four reported for the first time. For one of 0.1175 0.0079 the systems with a new orbit, G 161-7, we determine masses of 0.156 ± 0.011 and for the A and B components, respectively. All six of these new calculated orbits have short periods (between fiveand38years) and hold the promise of deriving accurate masses in the near future. -
'-. 5 36 B6 19650268
-- '-. 5 36_B6 _ rr_nm O/ITEE I_ATUREOF THE QUASI-S_ OBJECTS F. HOYLE , University of Cambridge- C_m_ridge,Eng!and and G. R. BURBIDGE :University of California at San Diego La Jolla, California ) 19650268 1965026885-002 ON _ NA_NJEE OF THE QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS F. HOYLE Uni,_ersity of Cambridge Cambridge, England and G. R. BURBIDGE University of California at San Diego - La Jolla, California Received July 1965 1985028885-003 ABST_ACT In this paper we discuss the origin of the quasi-stellar objects from , two different points of view: (i) that they are objects al;cosmological distances as has been commonly supposed, and (ii) that they are local obje:ts situated at distance _ 1 - l0 Mpc. In the introductory section the optical properties of the quasi-stellar objects ar_:compared with the optical properties of galaxies associated with strong radio courses and Syefert nuclei from both points of view. Section II is devoted to a d.Lscussion of (i) and on this basis it is argue_ that they are most probably the nuclei of galaxies which have reached a high density phase at which time the formation of me_sive objects and their subsequent evolution has occurred. Apart from the suggestion of Terrell little atr.entionhas been paid until now to the possibility that they are local objects and so we have considered this in considerable detail. A plausible case can now be made for supposing that they are coherent objects which have been ejected at relativistic speeds L from the nuclei of galaxies at times when they erupt to give rise to strong radio source_ and other phenomena. -
No. 3 2018 Messengers from the Stars: on Science Fiction and Fantasy No
No. 3 2018 Messengers from the Stars: On Science Fiction and Fantasy No. 3 – 2018 Editorial Board | Adelaide Serras Ana Daniela Coelho Ana Rita Martins Angélica Varandas João Félix José Duarte Advisory Board | Adam Roberts (Royal Holloway, Univ. of London, UK) David Roas (Univ. Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain) Flávio García (Univ. do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Henrique Leitão (Fac. de Ciências, Univ. de Lisboa, Portugal) Jonathan Gayles (Georgia State University, USA) Katherine Fowkes (High Point University, USA) Ljubica Matek (Univ. of Osijek, Croatia) Mª Cristina Batalha (Univ. do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Susana Oliveira (Fac. de Arquitectura, Univ. de Lisboa, Portugal) Teresa Lopez-Pellisa (Univ. Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain) Copy Editors | Ana Rita Martins || David Klein Martins || João Félix || José Duarte Book Review | Diana Marques || Igor Furão || Mónica Paiva Editors Translator | Diogo Almeida Photography | Thomas Örn Karlsson Site | http://messengersfromthestars.letras.ulisboa.pt/journal/ Contact | [email protected] ISSN | 2183-7465 Editor | Centro de Estudos Anglísticos da Universidade de Lisboa | University of Lisbon Centre for English Studies Alameda da Universidade - Faculdade de Letras 1600-214 Lisboa - Portugal Messengers from the Stars: On Science Fiction and Fantasy Guest Editors Martin Simonson Raúl Montero Gilete Co-Editors No. 3 Angélica Varandas José Duarte TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL 5 GUEST EDITORS: MARTIN SIMONSON & RAÚL MONTERO GILETE 5 MONOGRAPH SECTION 9 A DEAL WITH THE DEVIL?: ZOMBIES VS. -
Celebrating the Wonder of the Night Sky
Celebrating the Wonder of the Night Sky The heavens proclaim the glory of God. The skies display his craftsmanship. Psalm 19:1 NLT Celebrating the Wonder of the Night Sky Light Year Calculation: Simple! [Speed] 300 000 km/s [Time] x 60 s x 60 m x 24 h x 365.25 d [Distance] ≈ 10 000 000 000 000 km ≈ 63 000 AU Celebrating the Wonder of the Night Sky Milkyway Galaxy Hyades Star Cluster = 151 ly Barnard 68 Nebula = 400 ly Pleiades Star Cluster = 444 ly Coalsack Nebula = 600 ly Betelgeuse Star = 643 ly Helix Nebula = 700 ly Helix Nebula = 700 ly Witch Head Nebula = 900 ly Spirograph Nebula = 1 100 ly Orion Nebula = 1 344 ly Dumbbell Nebula = 1 360 ly Dumbbell Nebula = 1 360 ly Flame Nebula = 1 400 ly Flame Nebula = 1 400 ly Veil Nebula = 1 470 ly Horsehead Nebula = 1 500 ly Horsehead Nebula = 1 500 ly Sh2-106 Nebula = 2 000 ly Twin Jet Nebula = 2 100 ly Ring Nebula = 2 300 ly Ring Nebula = 2 300 ly NGC 2264 Nebula = 2 700 ly Cone Nebula = 2 700 ly Eskimo Nebula = 2 870 ly Sh2-71 Nebula = 3 200 ly Cat’s Eye Nebula = 3 300 ly Cat’s Eye Nebula = 3 300 ly IRAS 23166+1655 Nebula = 3 400 ly IRAS 23166+1655 Nebula = 3 400 ly Butterfly Nebula = 3 800 ly Lagoon Nebula = 4 100 ly Rotten Egg Nebula = 4 200 ly Trifid Nebula = 5 200 ly Monkey Head Nebula = 5 200 ly Lobster Nebula = 5 500 ly Pismis 24 Star Cluster = 5 500 ly Omega Nebula = 6 000 ly Crab Nebula = 6 500 ly RS Puppis Variable Star = 6 500 ly Eagle Nebula = 7 000 ly Eagle Nebula ‘Pillars of Creation’ = 7 000 ly SN1006 Supernova = 7 200 ly Red Spider Nebula = 8 000 ly Engraved Hourglass Nebula -
Extragalactic Astronomy: the U Nivcre Bey Nd Our Galaxy
U1IJT RESUPE EU 1J3 199 021 775 dacon Eenneth Char TITLE Extragalactic Astronomy: The U nivcre Bey nd Our Galaxy. American Astronomical Society, Princeton, N.J. SFONS AGENCY National Aeronautics and Space Administra ashingtonl D.C.; National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. REPOBT NO NASA-i:T-129 PUB DATE Sep 76 NOTE 44p.; FOF ltEd aocunents, _e SE 021 773-776 AVAII,AULE Superintendent of Documents, U.S. G-vernment Prin ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402(5 ock Number 033-000-00657-8, $1.30) E.-RS PE10E 1F-$0.03 HC-$2.06 Plus Postige. DESCilIPTORS *Astronomy; Curriculum; *Instructional Materials; Science Education; *Scientific iesearch; Secondary Education; *Secondary School Science; *Space Sciences TIF NASA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration BSTRACT This booklet is part of an American Astronomical Society curriculum project designed to provide teaching materials to teachers or secondary school chemistry, physics, and earth science. The material is presented in three parts: one section provides the fundamental content of extragalactic astronomy, another section discusses modern discoveries in detail, and the last section summarizes the earlier discussions within the structure of the Big Bang Theory of Evolution. Each of the three sections is followed by student exercises and activities, laboratory projects, and questions and answers. The glossary contains unfamiliar terms used in the text and a collection of teacher aids such as literature references and audiovisual materials. (111) ***** *** * ** ** ***************** ********** Document., acquired by IC include many informal unpublished aterials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and tbis affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). -
FY13 High-Level Deliverables
National Optical Astronomy Observatory Fiscal Year Annual Report for FY 2013 (1 October 2012 – 30 September 2013) Submitted to the National Science Foundation Pursuant to Cooperative Support Agreement No. AST-0950945 13 December 2013 Revised 18 September 2014 Contents NOAO MISSION PROFILE .................................................................................................... 1 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 2 2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS ....................................................................................... 4 2.1 Achievements ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Status of Vision and Goals ................................................................................. 5 2.2.1 Status of FY13 High-Level Deliverables ............................................ 5 2.2.2 FY13 Planned vs. Actual Spending and Revenues .............................. 8 2.3 Challenges and Their Impacts ............................................................................ 9 3 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS .............................................................. 11 3.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory ....................................................... 11 3.2 Kitt Peak National Observatory ....................................................................... 14 3.3 Gemini Observatory ........................................................................................ -
Exoplanet Biosignatures: a Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life
ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 18, Number 6, 2018 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2017.1729 Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life Edward W. Schwieterman,1–5 Nancy Y. Kiang,3,6 Mary N. Parenteau,3,7 Chester E. Harman,3,6,8 Shiladitya DasSarma,9,10 Theresa M. Fisher,11 Giada N. Arney,3,12 Hilairy E. Hartnett,11,13 Christopher T. Reinhard,4,14 Stephanie L. Olson,1,4 Victoria S. Meadows,3,15 Charles S. Cockell,16,17 Sara I. Walker,5,11,18,19 John Lee Grenfell,20 Siddharth Hegde,21,22 Sarah Rugheimer,23 Renyu Hu,24,25 and Timothy W. Lyons1,4 Abstract In the coming years and decades, advanced space- and ground-based observatories will allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially habitable exoplanets for signatures of life. Life on Earth, through its gaseous products and reflectance and scattering properties, has left its fingerprint on the spectrum of our planet. Aided by the universality of the laws of physics and chemistry, we turn to Earth’s biosphere, both in the present and through geologic time, for analog signatures that will aid in the search for life elsewhere. Considering the insights gained from modern and ancient Earth, and the broader array of hypothetical exoplanet possibilities, we have compiled a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of potential exoplanet biosignatures, including gaseous, surface, and temporal biosignatures. We additionally survey biogenic spectral features that are well known in the specialist literature but have not yet been robustly vetted in the context of exoplanet biosignatures. -
Nearby M Dwarf Stars and the Wide Main Sequence
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Physics and Astronomy Dissertations Department of Physics and Astronomy 12-14-2017 Nearby M Dwarf Stars and the Wide Main Sequence Tiffany D. Clements Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/phy_astr_diss Recommended Citation Clements, Tiffany D., "Nearby M Dwarf Stars and the Wide Main Sequence." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2017. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/phy_astr_diss/100 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Physics and Astronomy at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Physics and Astronomy Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEARBY M DWARF STARS AND THE WIDE MAIN SEQUENCE by Tiffany Danielle Clements Under the Direction of Todd Henry, PhD ABSTRACT This dissertation addresses the underlying causes for the observed widening of the main sequence for low mass stars and presents the results of three different studies using two different astrophysical observing methods to assess the properties of a sample of nearby, M dwarf stars and how these properties affect a star's position on an H-R diagram. The first study is the assessment of the activity of the internal magnetic fields of 76 southern nearby, M dwarf stars through measurements of the relative changes in their V magnitudes over time periods of years. This long-term variability is then analyzed with respect to the vertical positions of these stars on the main sequence to determine the effects of stellar activity on these positions. -
Orders of Magnitude (Length) - Wikipedia
03/08/2018 Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia Orders of magnitude (length) The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths. Contents Overview Detailed list Subatomic Atomic to cellular Cellular to human scale Human to astronomical scale Astronomical less than 10 yoctometres 10 yoctometres 100 yoctometres 1 zeptometre 10 zeptometres 100 zeptometres 1 attometre 10 attometres 100 attometres 1 femtometre 10 femtometres 100 femtometres 1 picometre 10 picometres 100 picometres 1 nanometre 10 nanometres 100 nanometres 1 micrometre 10 micrometres 100 micrometres 1 millimetre 1 centimetre 1 decimetre Conversions Wavelengths Human-defined scales and structures Nature Astronomical 1 metre Conversions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length) 1/44 03/08/2018 Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 decametre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 hectometre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 kilometre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 10 kilometres Conversions Sports Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 100 kilometres Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 1 megametre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Geographical Astronomical 10 megametres Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 100 megametres 1 gigametre