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Forest Habitat Types of Eastern Idaho-Western Wyoming

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Forest Habitat Types of Eastern Idaho-Western Wyoming This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Habitat Forest Service Intermountain Types of Eastern Forest and Range Experiment Station Ogden, UT 84401 Idaho-Western General Technical Report INT -144 July 1983 Wyoming Robert Steele, Stephen V. Cooper, David M. Ondov, David W. Roberts, and Robert D. Pfister THE AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ROBERT STEELE was research forester on the Forest Financial support for this study was provided by the Inter­ Ecosystems and the Douglas-fir and Ponderosa Pine Eco­ mountain Region of the Forest Service, U.S. Department systems Research Work Units. He worked full time on of Agriculture, the Bridger-Teton National Forest, and the development of forest habitat type classification in Idaho Shoshone National Forest through memoranda of under­ and Wyoming. He was primary analyst and author of the standing with the Intermountain Forest and Range Experi­ Pseudotsuga and Abies series as well as supplementary ment Station. The Bureau of Indian Affairs provided fund- sections of the manuscript. He joined the Intermountain ing for a concurrent study, the results of which are included Station in 1972 as forester on the Forest Ecosystems in this report. Research Work Unit, which conducted most of the work treated herein. He earned a B.S. degree in forest manage­ Many people have assisted in various ways. Dr. Edward F. ment and an M.S. degree in forest ecology at the Univer­ Schlatterer (Intermountain Region) provided data taken sity of Idaho. during reconnaissance of the Greys and Hoback River drainages. Dr. Jan A. Henderson (Utah State University) STEPHEN V. COOPER was an assistant range ecologist, provided data from a concurrent habitat type classification University of Nevada, and performed initial field sampling effort in Utah and adjacent Idaho. Mert Lombard (Bureau and analysis for a portion of the study area while a grad­ of Land Management) gave us data from timber inventory uate student at Washington State University. Under a co­ plots within the study area. Dr. Don G. Despain (National operative program with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, he Park Service) provided supplementary plot data from sampled forest habitats on the Wind River Indian Reserva­ Yellowstone National Park. Cecil Brown (Idaho Fish and tion. He was supporting analyst for all series, and author Game) furnished data from concurrent studies critical to of the Picea engelmannii, Pinus contorta, P. albicaulis, wildlife. Dr. George R. Hoffman (University of South and P. f/exilis series as well as the climate and Dakota) provided data from his study (Hoffman and Alex­ physiography sections of the manuscript. He earned a ander 1976) in the Bighorn Mountains, and staff on the B.S. and an M.S. in biology from Union College and the Targhee National Forest also furnished plot data. Dr. AI State University of New York, respectively, and a Ph.D. in Galbraith and AI Collotzi (Bridger-Teton National Forest) botany from Washington State University. and Ollie L. Scott (Shoshone National Forest) coordinated logistical support during various portions of the field DAVID M. ONDOV was a forestry technician with the work. Dr. Stephen F. Arno (Intermountain Station) made Forest Ecosystems Research Work Unit in Missoula and several helpful reviews in relation to similar work he con­ did much of the field sampling during the course of this ducted in Montana (Pfister and others 1977). Others who project. He had primary responsibility for constructing the reviewed the manuscript include Earle F. Layser (Con­ necessary computer programs and processing of data. He sultant, Land Management Services), Dr. Edward F. Schlat­ also shared responsibility for developing the preliminary terer (Intermountain Region), Ollie L. Scott (Shoshone Na­ habitat type classification. He earned a B.S. degree in tional Forest), Andy P. Youngblood (Bridger-Teton National forestry at the University of Montana in 1976. Forest), Dr. George R. Hoffman (University of South Dakota), Dr. Robert M. Reed (Oak Ridge National labor­ DAVID W. ROBERTS was a forestry technician with the atory), and Dr. Don G. Despain (National Park Service). Forest Ecosystems Research Work Unit in Milisoula and a team member on field sampling of the Shoshone National Specialists in other fields provided supplementary infor­ Forest. He was primary analyst and developer of the mation. Dr. Douglass M. Henderson (University of Idaho), habitat type Similarity analYSis and handled much of the Peter F. Stickney (Intermountain Station), and Klaus computer programing procedures and data processing. He Lackschewitz (University of Montana) helped identify earned a B.S. in forestry and an M.S. in forest ecology several difficult plant taxa. Dr. Marcia Wicklow-Howard from the University of Montana. (Boise State University) and Roger Rosentretor (UniverSity of Montana graduate student) identified lichens collected ROBERT D. PFISTER was principal plant ecologist and in our sample plots. Likewise, Alma Steele (Boise Public leader of the Forest Ecosystems Research Work Unit and Schools) identified numerous mosses and Dr. Won Shic initiated and directed this classification project. He had a Hong (College of Great Falls) named the liverworts. James major role in reviewing and shaping the development of Clayton (Intermountain Station) and Jeff Lelek (University this classification and manuscript. He joined the Inter­ of Montana) identified soil parent materials. mountain Station staff in 1961 as a research forester in western white pine silviculture in northern Idaho. He holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in forest management from Iowa State University and Oregon State University, respectively, and a Ph.D. in botany from Washington State University. RESEARCH SUMMARY A land-classification system based upon potential natural vegetation is presented for the forests of eastern Idaho­ western Wyoming. It is based on reconnaissance sam­ pling of about 980 stands. A hierarchical taxonomic classi­ fication of forest sites was developed using the habitat type concept. A total of six climax series, 58 habitat types, and 24 additional phases of habitat types are defined. A diagnostic key is provided for field identification of the types based on indicator species used in development of the classification. In addition to site classification, descriptions of mature forest communities are provided with tables to portray the ecological distribution of all species. Potential productivity for timber, climatic characteristics, surface soil character­ istics, and distribution maps are also provided for most types. Preliminary implications for natural resource management are provided, based on field observations and current information. CONTENTS Page Page Introduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 •• 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 1 Picea engelmanniilJuniperus communis h.t. 0 00 0 041 Objectives and Scope 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 2 Picea engelmanniilRibes montigenum h.t. 0 0 0 0 0 • 41 Methods 000. 0.000000000000 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o. 0 0 0.' 0 0 2 Picea engelmanniilArnica cordifolia hot. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 Field Methods 0 0 • 0 0 0 •• 0 •• 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 2 Picea engelmanniilHypnum revolutum hot. 0 • 0 • 0 0 42 Office Methods 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 0 4 Abies lasiocarpa Series 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 44 Taxonomic Considerations 0 •• 0 0 • 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 5 Abies lasiocarpalCalamagrostis Synecologic Perspective and Terminology 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 6 canadensis h.t. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 0 45 The Habitat Type Concept .. 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 6 Abies lasiocarpalStreptopus Habitat Type Versus Continuum Philosophy 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 8 amplexifolius hot. 0 0 0 • 0 ••••• 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 The Physical Setting 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 000.00.000000.0000000.0 8 Abies lasiocarpalMenziesia ferruginea hot. 0 0 000 0 47 Physiography and Geology 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 8 Abies lasiocarpalActaea rubra hot. 0 0 0 0 0 00. 0 0 0 0 0 47 Climate ... 0 0 0 0 0 •• 00. 0 0 0 •• 00.0000.0000000. 0.000 9 Abies lasiocarpalPhysocarpus malvaceus hot. .0048 Successional Status of Eastern Idaho-Western Abies lasiocarpalAcer glabrum hot. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 48 Wyoming Forests 0.0 •• 000.0.0 •• 00. 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 •• 010 Abies lasiocarpalLinnaea borealis hot. 0 0 ••••••• 49 Fire History 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 10 Abies lasiocarpalXerophyllum tenax h.t. 0 •• 0 0 • 0 • 50 Grazing History 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 010 Abies lasiocarpalVaccinium globulare h.t. 0 •• 0 0 50 Logging History . 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 ••• 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Abies lasiocarpalLuzula hitchcockii h.t.
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