DOCSLIB.ORG

Structures Design Manual for Highways and Railways 2013 Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Structures Design Manual for Highways and Railways 2013 Edition STRUCTURES DESIGN MANUAL for Highways and Railways 2013 Edition This electronic file is for reference only. When the content of this electronic file is inconsistent with the hard copy of the Structures Design Manual for Highways and Railways (SDM), 2013 Edition and the Amendments issued, the hard copy of the SDM, 2013 Edition and the Amendments shall prevail. (This Version is Continuously Updated to include Amendments issued) This Electronic File has incorporated the following Amendments:- Rev Issue Date Amendment Incorporated First Issue May 2013 - 1 June 2018 Amendment No. 1/2018 2 April 2020 Amendment No. 1/2020 3 May 2021 Amendment No. 1/2021 Highways Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region © The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region First published, August 1993. Second edition, November 1997. Third edition, August 2006. 2013 Edition, May 2013 Prepared by : Bridges and Structures Division, Highways Department, Room 1502, Skyline Tower, 39 Wang Kwong Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. 2 FOREWORD The Structures Design Manual for Highways and Railways provides guidance and sets standards for the design of highway and railway structures in Hong Kong. It has been widely used by practitioners as a reference for local highway and railway structural works since its first publication in August 1993, with second and third editions released in November 1997 and August 2006. In this 2013 edition, the Manual has been revised for migration from British structural design standards to Eurocodes. Minor amendments taking into account experience gained and feedbacks received on the previous editions are also included. Eurocodes are the suites of European Standards covering structural design of civil engineering structures, including highway structures. In March 2010, British structural design standards, including BS 5400 which the previous editions of this Manual drew heavily on for requirements, were withdrawn. In anticipation of this, studies were carried out on the adoption of Eurocodes and the associated UK National Annexes for the design of highway structures in Hong Kong. Design approaches, requirements and parameters in Eurocodes considered not suitable for application in Hong Kong have been modified to suit local conditions, material properties and specifications for civil engineering works, and incorporated into this Manual. This Manual is a guidance document and its recommendations should not be considered as exhaustive. Situation may arise for which considerations and requirements are not fully covered by this Manual. We welcome any comments on this Manual for further improvements. The Bridges and Structures Division of the Highways Department will regularly review and improve on the content of this Manual so that all design standards and guidance will be in line with the most up-to-date practice. ( P. K. LEE ) Chief Highway Engineer / Bridges & Structures Highways Department 3 4 AMD. 1/2020 CONTENTS Page No. TITLE PAGE 1 FOREWORD 3 CONTENTS 5 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL 20 1.1 SCOPE 20 1.2 REFERENCE 21 1.3 DEFINITION 21 1.3.1 Highway Structure 21 1.3.2 Walkway Cover 21 1.3.3 Railway Bridge 21 1.3.4 Culvert 22 1.3.5 Earth-retaining Structure 22 1.3.6 Project Office 22 1.3.7 Designer 22 1.3.8 Checking Engineer 22 1.4 RAILWAY BRIDGES 22 1.5 APPROVED SUPPLIERS OF MATERIALS AND SPECIALIST CONTRACTORS FOR PUBLIC WORKS 23 CHAPTER 2 RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT 24 2.1 RELIABILITY CLASSIFICATION 24 2.2 DESIGN WORKING LIFE 25 2.3 THE USE OF BS EN 1990 ANNEXES 25 2.4 DESIGN CHECKING 25 2.4.1 General 25 AMD. 2.4.2 Classification of Highway Structures 26 1/2020 2.4.3 Checking Engineer 27 2.4.4 Comment by the Chief Highway Engineer/Bridges and Structures 27 AMD. 2.4.5 Checking Process 28 1/2020 2.4.6 Highway Structures Design and Check Certificate 29 Replacement Sheet 1 of 12 5 (AMD. 1/2020) AMD. 1/2018 CHAPTER 3 ACTIONS 33 3.1 GENERAL 33 3.2 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS 33 3.2.1 General 33 3.2.2 Crack Width Verification Combination 38 3.2.3 Tensile Stress Verification Combinations for Prestressed Concrete Members 38 3.3 DEAD LOAD AND SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD 39 3.4 WIND ACTIONS 40 3.4.1 General 40 3.4.2 Simplified Procedure for Determining Peak Velocity Pressure 41 3.4.3 Full Procedure for Determining Peak Velocity Pressure 42 3.4.4 Dynamic Response Procedure 46 3.4.5 Wind Forces 47 3.4.6 Force Coefficients and Pressure Coefficients 47 AMD. 3.4.7 Reference Area 53A 1/2018 3.4.8 ULS Partial Factors 53B 3.4.9 ψ Factors 53B 3.5 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS 54 3.5.1 General 54 3.5.2 Uniform Temperature Components 54 3.5.3 Temperature Difference Components 56 3.5.4 Simultaneity of Uniform and Temperature Difference Components 60 3.5.5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 60 3.5.6 ULS Partial Factors 60 3.5.7 ψ Factors 60 3.6 ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS 60 3.6.1 General 60 3.6.2 Accidental Actions Caused by Road Vehicles 61 3.6.3 Accidental Actions Caused by Derailed Rail Traffic under or adjacent to Structures 66 3.6.4 Accidental Actions Caused by Ship Traffic 67 3.7 TRAFFIC ACTIONS 67 3.7.1 General 67 3.7.2 Actions on Road Bridges 67 3.7.3 Actions on Footways, Cycle Tracks and Footbridges 72 3.7.4 ULS Partial Factors 73 3.7.5 ψ Factors 73 3.8 SEISMIC ACTIONS 73 Replacement Sheet 1 of 27 6 (AMD. 1/2018) CHAPTER 4 DESIGN FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE 74 4.1 GENERAL 74 4.2 REFERENCE RETURN PERIOD 74 4.3 REFERENCE PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION 74 4.4 IMPORTANCE CLASS 74 4.5 SEISMIC ACTIONS AS AN ACCIDENTAL ACTION 75 4.6 SIMPLIFIED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR LOW SEISMICITY 75 4.7 SITE DEPENDENT ELASTIC RESPONSE SPECTRUM 75 4.8 SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SEISMIC ACTIONS 76 4.9 QUASI-PERMANENT VALUES OF MASS CORRESPONDING TO TRAFFIC ACTIONS 76 4.10 STRENGTH VERIFICATIONS – MATERIALS 76 CHAPTER 5 DESIGN OF CONCRETE BRIDGES 77 5.1 GENERAL 77 5.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE 77 5.2.1 Strength 77 5.2.2 Elastic Deformation 80 5.2.3 Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Concrete 80 5.2.4 Creep 80 5.2.5 Shrinkage 80 5.2.6 Stress-Strain Relations 80 5.3 REINFORCING STEEL 82 5.4 DURABILITY 83 5.4.1 Cement Content 83 5.4.2 Concrete Cover to Reinforcement 83 5.5 CRACK CONTROL 85 5.5.1 General 85 5.5.2 Early Thermal Movement 85 5.6 PRESTRESSING 89 5.6.1 General 89 5.6.2 Post-tensioning Systems 89 5.6.3 External Prestressing 90 7 AMD. 1/2021 AMD. 5.6.4 Specialist Prestressing Contractors 90C 1/2021 5.7 ADDITIONAL MODIFICATIONS TO BS EN 1992 AND THE UK NA TO BS EN 1992 91 CHAPTER 6 DESIGN OF STEEL BRIDGES 94 6.1 GENERAL 94 6.2 FATIGUE 94 6.3 HOT FORMED STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS 94 6.4 FABRICATION 95 6.5 BLAST CLEANING 95 6.6 TESTING OF WELDS 95 6.7 HOT DIP GALVANIZING 96 6.8 ADDITIONAL MODIFICATIONS TO BS EN 1993 AND THE UK NA TO BS EN 1993 96 CHAPTER 7 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BRIDGES 100 7.1 GENERAL 100 7.2 ADDITIONAL MODIFICATIONS TO BS EN 1994 AND THE UK NA TO BS EN 1994 100 CHAPTER 8 BEARINGS 102 8.1 GENERAL 102 8.2 CLASSIFICATION OF BEARINGS 102 8.3 SCHEDULE OF BEARINGS 102 8.4 SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF BEARINGS 105 8.5 TESTING 105 8.6 COMPRESSIVE STIFFNESS OF ELASTOMERIC LAMINATED BEARINGS 105 8.7 DESIGN OF FIXINGS FOR BRIDGE BEARINGS 106 8.8 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 106 CHAPTER 9 MOVEMENT JOINTS 107 9.1 GENERAL 107 8 Replacement Sheet 1 of 4 (AMD. 1/2021) 9.1.1 Movements 107 9.1.2 Selection of Joint Type 107 9.2 PROPRIETARY MOVEMENT JOINTS 109 9.3 TRAFFIC LOADING ON MOVEMENT JOINTS 109 9.4 LOADING OF STRUCTURE BY STRAINING OF MOVEMENT JOINTS 110 9.5 WATERTIGHTNESS OF MOVEMENT JOINTS 110 9.6 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF PROPRIETARY MOVEMENT JOINTS 111 9.6.1 Requirements 111 9.6.2 Specification 111 9.7 SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF MOVEMENT JOINTS 112 9.8 DETAILING FOR PROPER INSTALLATION OF MOVEMENT JOINTS 112 9.9 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 114 CHAPTER 10 FOUNDATIONS AND SUBSTRUCTURES 115 10.1 FOUNDATIONS 115 10.1.1 General 115 10.1.2 Specialist Piling Contractors 115 10.1.3 Piling Downdrag 116 10.1.4 Differential Settlement 116 10.1.5 Cover to Pile Caps and Footings 116 10.2 BRIDGE SUBSTRUCTURES ADJACENT TO RAIL TRAFFIC 116 10.3 RAILWAY UNDERBRIDGE SUBSTRUCTURES 117 10.4 HYDRAULIC EFFECTS ON BRIDGE SUBSTRUCTURES 117 10.4.1 Effects to be Considered 117 10.4.2 Backwater Effects 117 10.4.3 Effects of Waterborne Traffic 118 10.5 RUN-ON-SLABS 118 CHAPTER 11 PARAPETS 119 11.1 GENERAL 119 11.2 VEHICLE PARAPET GROUPS 119 11.2.1 Containment Levels 119 11.2.2 Selection Guidance 120 9 11.3 PARAPET HEIGHTS 120 11.4 DESIGN DETAILS 120 11.4.1 Materials 120 11.4.2 Projections and Depressions 120 11.4.3 Structures Not Exclusively Used as Vehicular Bridges 120 11.5 METAL PARAPETS AND TOP RAILS 121 11.5.1 Design Requirements 121 11.5.2 Corrosion 121 11.5.3 Plinth 122 11.5.4 Bedding 123 11.6 REINFORCED CONCRETE PARAPETS 123 11.6.1 Design Requirements 123 11.6.2 Longitudinal Effects 123 11.7 PEDESTRIAN PARAPETS 124 11.8 BICYCLE PARAPETS 124 11.9 VEHICLE PARAPETS 125 11.10 SIGHT DISTANCES 125 11.11 RAILWAY OVERBRIDGE PARAPETS 125 11.11.1 High Containment Parapets 125 11.11.2 Overbridge Parapets 125 CHAPTER 12 FOOTBRIDGES AND SUBWAYS 139 12.1 GENERAL 139 12.2 COVERS 139 12.3 STAIRWAYS 140 12.4 RAMPS 140 12.5 LANDINGS 141 12.6 CHANGES IN DIRECTION 141 12.7 DIMENSIONS 141 12.8 PARAPETS AND HANDRAILS 142 12.9 DRAINAGE 142 10 12.10 LIGHTING 144 12.11 ESCALATORS 144 12.11.1 Provision of Escalators 144 12.11.2 General Requirements 145 12.11.3 External Applications 145 12.11.4 Inspection and Surveillance 146 12.12 FINISHES 146 12.13 WATERPROOFING 147 12.13.1 General Requirements 147 12.13.2 Covers for Footbridges, Covered Walkways and Pedestrian Subways 147 12.13.3 Pedestrian and Bicycle
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ian Bramley Msc, C.Eng, MICE, MCIOB, MHKIE Senior Consultant
    August 2020 Ian Bramley MSc, C.Eng, MICE, MCIOB, MHKIE Senior Consultant KEY EXPERIENCE Ian is a contracts management and claims specialist with over 40 years of experience in the design, contract, project and construction management of major civil engineering and building projects including bridges, highways, foundations, structures and infrastructures. A UK-qualified chartered civil engineer and chartered builder, he has a strong understanding of the technical and contractual issues involved in complex civil engineering claims, especially those relating to design and design intent. Having formerly occupied roles as project director and manager on active projects with values up to US$5bn, Ian now focusses on the successful resolution of disputes on civil engineering and building projects worldwide. CAREER SUMMARY 2017 to present – Senior Consultant, Contract Dispute Consultants HK Ltd., Hong Kong Ian is responsible for researching and drafting technical and engineering claims for various clients. His current assignments include: - Claim strategy advice to a design builder on a major PPP light rail scheme in North America; - Advising a contractor and drafting claims related to the construction of an access shaft and spoil disposal on a large urban road tunnel project in Hong Kong; - Providing contractual advice to a main contractor involved in the construction of the basement of a major cultural development, drafting claims and supporting the management team in negotiations and mediation proceedings with the client; and - Drafting a delay
    [Show full text]
  • Siena Footbridge
    Structural Stainless Steel Case Study 05 Siena Footbridge Completed in 2006, this stainless steel cable stayed footbridge spans 60 m over a busy motorway in the suburb of Ruffolo, Siena, in central Italy. The bridge girders and pylons are fabricated from a ‘lean’ duplex grade of stainless steel and it is one of the first times this grade has been used for a footbridge. The bridge has a striking appearance, is functionally efficient and cost-effective with a low life cycle cost. Material Selection The City of Siena required an attractive pedestrian crossing to be constructed over the motorway in the suburb of Ruffolo. The structure needed to have a 120 year design life without expensive and disruptive maintenance requirements. The architect selected the ‘lean’ stainless steel duplex grade 1.4162 (S32101) for the girders and pylons of the bridge. Lean duplexes have a very low nickel content (1.5 % compared to >3 % in standard duplex stainless steels), which results in significant cost benefits compared to other austenitic and duplex grades. This grade of stainless steel also experiences less price volatility because of the low nickel content. The corrosion resistance of 1.4162, which lies between that of austenitic grades 1.4301 (S30400) and 1.4404 (S31603), is adequate for Ruffolo’s benign inland environment with relatively low pollution levels. Grade 1.4162 has high strength (450 N/mm2), good ductility (at least 30 %) and good formability and weldability. The high strength enables reductions in section sizes, relative to carbon steel sections, leading to lighter structures. This grade has tremendous potential for future structural applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedestrian Footbridge, (Applicant Identification: ) Environmental Assessment
    PEDESTRIAN FOOTBRIDGE, (APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION: ) ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT New York State Governor’s Office of Storm Recovery May 8, 2015 PEDESTRIAN FOOTBRIDGE – ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT & ERR PROJECT SUMMARY Responsible Entity: New York State Homes & Community Renewal – Housing Trust Fund Corporation cooperating with the Governor’s Office of Storm Recovery (GOSR) Certifying Officer: Daniel Greene, Esq., Certifying Environmental Officer, GOSR Project Name: Pedestrian Footbridge, Funding Recipient: Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD) Project #: Project Sponsor: New York State Housing Trust Fund Corporation Program Name: New York State Community Development Block Grant – Disaster Recovery (Housing Assistance Programs, 1 - 4 Unit) Project Address: , Sundown, NY 12740 Project County: Ulster County, NY Estimated Project Cost: $140,000 Project Sponsor Governor’s Office of Storm Recovery Address: 99 Washington Avenue, Suite 1224 Albany, New York 12231 Primary Contact/ Person Governor’s Office of Storm Recovery To Direct Comments: 25 Beaver Street, 5th Floor New York, New York 10004 E-Mail address: [email protected] Telephone Number: (212) 480-4644 Project NEPA 24 CFR 58.36 Classification: Finding of No Significant Impact - The project will not result ENVIRONMENTAL in a significant impact on the quality of the human FINDING: environment. Finding of Significant Impact - The project may significantly affect the quality of the human environment. The undersigned hereby certifies that New York State Housing Trust Fund Corporation has conducted an environmental review of the project identified above and prepared the attached environmental review record in compliance with all applicable provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended, (42 USC sec.
    [Show full text]
  • Footbridge Design for Pedestrian Induced Vibrations
    FOOTBRIDGE DESIGN FOR PEDESTRIAN INDUCED VIBRATIONS SABINA PIRAS, KWAN CHIN WSP OPUS, Auckland, New Zealand INTRODUCTION With innovative engineering and inspiring design, footbridges have become functional works of art. However, the use of longer and lighter spans have made footbridges more susceptible to human-induced vibrations; causing discomfort to pedestrians and compromising the utility of the structure, even though the bridge is structurally sound and safe to cross. Design codes address this dynamic problem by providing limits for natural frequency and simplistic provisions to keep the footbridge experience pleasant. For slender, lightweight bridges, such as stress ribbon or cable-stayed bridges, this dynamic problem can be onerous and require a refined analysis to demonstrate that the comfort level can be satisfied. This paper presents a guideline to determine the dynamic bridge characteristics under pedestrian loading. In addition, factors that influence a bridge’s response to vibration and possible vibration mitigation measures are discussed herein. This paper focuses on the recommended design procedure by presenting an analytical model of a concrete footbridge subjected to a dynamic load representing the effects of a stream of pedestrians crossing the structure. In the vertical direction, the peak acceleration from the pedestrian loading is compared with published acceptance criteria. In the lateral direction, the critical number of pedestrians at which the bridge response becomes unstable is calculated. HUMAN LOCOMOTION When a pedestrian crosses a bridge, a dynamic force is produced which has components in the vertical, lateral and longitudinal directions. These dynamic forces are described as a function of time and space, periodically repeated with regular time intervals.
    [Show full text]
  • Character of Vortex Induced Vibration in Suspension Footbridge *Jiawu Li , Yinzhi Wang and Shuaiyu Chen
    Character of Vortex Induced Vibration in Suspension Footbridge *Jiawu Li1), Yinzhi Wang2) and Shuaiyu Chen3) 1), 2), 3) Highway school of Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China 1) [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, the characteristics of vortex induced vibration by use of six types of sectional model in suspension footbridges are investigated. Combined with wind tunnel test results based on dynamic characteristic analysis and CFD-Fluent numerical simulation results, the influence of parameters, such as the porous ratio of handrail fence and pedestrian, on the character of vortex-induced deck vibration was probed. According to the test results, the mitigating measures were checked to improve the performance of suspension footbridge in service. 1. INTRODUCTION Suspension footbridges are very often characterized by low stiffness， narrow deck, low mass and small damping. So it is susceptible to vibrations when subjected to dynamic loads. Especially in recent decades, materials with improved mechanical characteristics are widely used in construction of footbridges so that the fundamental frequency of these structures is often close to the dynamic excitation of pedestrian and wind. As a result, vibrations are often commonly occurred in such structures. As is known, excessive vibrations have severe effects not only on comfort of pedestrians but also on duration of structures so many specifications develop provisions of vibrations to guide design of footbridges. For instance, EN 1990/A1 [1] mandates that verification of the vibration comfort criteria should be performed when the fundamental frequency of the footbridge is less than 5.0 Hz for vertical vibrations and 2.5 Hz for horizontal and torsional vibrations.
    [Show full text]
  • MTR Corporation Limited Report on SCL Contract 1112 – Review of the EWL Slab Construction
    15 June 2018 MTR Corporation Limited Report on SCL Contract 1112 – Review of the EWL Slab Construction 1. Executive Summary On 29 May, we received an enquiry from the media asking a number of questions about the steel fixing works for the East West Line platform slab of the extended Hung Hom Station being constructed as part of the Shatin to Central Link (“SCL”) project. On 31 May, the Railway Development Office of the Highways Department of Government wrote to us expressing their concern on the alleged non-compliant steel fixing works found at the joints between diaphragm walls and the platform slab at Hung Hom Station under Contract 1112 and requesting us to prepare a Report into this matter, of which this Executive Summary forms part. SCL is a strategic railway project which connects existing railway lines to form an East West Corridor (“EWL”) (Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section) and a North South Corridor (Hung Hom to Admiralty Section) with six interchange stations. In 2012, Government appointed MTR Corporation Limited (“MTRCL”) to project manage the construction and commissioning of the SCL project under an Entrustment Agreement dated 29 May 2012 (“EA3”). MTRCL therefore has the role and responsibilities of a project manager working on behalf of Government in carrying out the entrustment activities. The responsibilities for the actual construction of the project rest with the contractors appointed to build various parts of the project in accordance with the specifications and terms of their respective construction contracts. The contractor appointed for the construction contract relevant to the EWL platform slab works (Contract 1112) is Leighton Contractors (Asia) Limited (“Leighton”).
    [Show full text]
  • High Line Canal Footbridge at Hampden
    Emily Black City of Cherry Hills Village High Line Canal Footbridge at Hampden Joint Project Application City of Cherry Hills Village Emily Black [email protected] Printed On: 10 October 2018 Joint Project Application 1 Emily Black City of Cherry Hills Village Application Form Application Summary Grant Category* Select One: Joint Project Primary Contact Information* Please provide information for the primary contact for this project in the following format. Agency: Name: Title: Telephone: Email: Agency: City of Cherry Hills Village Name: Emily Black Title: Parks and Recreation Coordinator Telephone: (303) 783-2742 Email: [email protected] Project Type* Select One: Trail Project: Trail/trailhead construction or improvement, including stream/road crossings and trailhead amenities (such as parking, restrooms or shelters) Site Improvement Project: New construction, improvement, repair, or replacement of passive outdoor recreation amenities Acquisition Project: Eligible projects include fee simple acquisition of land for public open space or trails; acquisition of buffer land; acquisition of a conservation easement; and/or acquisition of water rights Other Project: Other allowable projects include stream/habitat restoration, natural re-vegetation, and water quality improvement Trail Project Project Title* High Line Canal Footbridge at Hampden Printed On: 10 October 2018 Joint Project Application 2 Emily Black City of Cherry Hills Village Project Address 3800 E. Hampden Avenue, Cherry Hills Village, CO 80113 Project Location* Select all that apply: Cherry Hills Village GPS Coordinates (Latitude in Decimal Degrees)* Example: Dove Valley Regional Park Latitude: 39.577303 39.652809 GPS Coordinates (Longitude in Decimal Degrees)* Example: Dove Valley Regional Park Longitude: -104.828850 -104.946846 Grant Request Amount* $225,000.00 Cash Match Amount* $257,215.00 Total Project Amount* Total project amount includes grant request and cash match only.
    [Show full text]
  • An African Perspective HA Mofutho Footbridge at Quasha's Nek
    Co -operation and Development Projects: An African Perspective HA Mofutho Footbridge at Quasha’s Nek, Lesotho Gerrit Armoni Visser Gerrit Visser , born 196 8, received his Civil Engineer Masters degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Stellenbosch, Royal HaskoningDHV, South Africa. He has over 20 years Pietermaritzburg, South Africa bridge experience and has been [email protected] involved in numerous bridge projects, ranging from pedestrian bridges to road interchange bridges. Gerrit has a passion for the design of bridges and this has led to many project awards where he has been actively involved as the design specialist. Summary The Kingdom of Lesotho is faced with high levels of unemployment and poverty, especially in the rural areas. The local community at HA Mofutho near Quasha’s Nek (Lesotho, Africa) was separated from health clinics, markets and employment by the Senqu River. Royal HaskoningDHV was appointed by the Kingdom of Lesotho’s Ministry of Public Works and Transport and tasked with the design, and construction supervision of a footbridge to improve the lives of approximately 2,000 people affected by the costs and risks of crossing the Senqu River [1] . Sustainability was to be considered a high priority during the design, construction and maintenance phases, with the emphasis on the people component. In close co-operation with the client the following sustainable development opportunities were identified and realised through this project: • Construction management skills were transferred to the Roads Directorate’s personnel, • Road Directorate staff were trained in service on site supervision, • Enterprise development: assisting the local contractor companies to improve their commercial and technical skill sets • Employment and training of local labour.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Abbreviations
    LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AAHK Airport Authority Hong Kong AAIA Air Accident Investigation Authority AFCD Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department AMS Auxiliary Medical Service ASC Aviation Security Committee ASD Architectural Services Department BD Buildings Department CAD Civil Aviation Department CAS Civil Aid Service CCCs Command and Control Centres CEDD Civil Engineering and Development Department CEO Chief Executive’s Office / Civil Engineering Office CESC Chief Executive Security Committee CEU Casualty Enquiry Unit CIC Combined Information Centre CS Chief Secretary for Administration DECC District Emergency Co-ordination Centre DEVB Development Bureau DH Department of Health DO District Officer DSD Drainage Services Department EDB Education Bureau EMSC Emergency Monitoring and Support Centre EMSD Electrical and Mechanical Services Department EPD Environmental Protection Department EROOHK Emergency Response Operations Outside the HKSAR ESU Emergency Support Unit ETCC Emergency Transport Coordination Centre FCC Food Control Committee FCP Forward Control Point FEHD Food and Environmental Hygiene Department FSCC Fire Services Communication Centre FSD Fire Services Department GEO Geotechnical Engineering Office GFS Government Flying Service GL Government Laboratory GLD Government Logistics Department HA Hospital Authority HAD Home Affairs Department HD Housing Department HyD Highways Department HKO Hong Kong Observatory HKPF Hong Kong Police Force HKSAR Hong Kong Special Administrative Region HQCCC Police Headquarters Command
    [Show full text]
  • Flexibility in Highway Design
    Flexibility in Highway Design U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Page i This page intentionally left blank. Page ii A Message from the Administrator Dear Colleague: One of the greatest challenges the highway community faces is providing safe, efficient transportation service that conserves, and even enhances the environmental, scenic, historic, and community resources that are so vital to our way of life. This guide will help you meet that challenge. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has been pleased to work with the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and other interested groups, including the Bicycle Federation of America, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and Scenic America, to develop this publication. It identifies and explains the opportunities, flexibilities, and constraints facing designers and design teams responsible for the development of transportation facilities. This guide does not attempt to create new standards. Rather, the guide builds on the flexibility in current laws and regulations to explore opportunities to use flexible design as a tool to help sustain important community interests without compromising safety. To do so, this guide stresses the need to identify and discuss those flexibilities and to continue breaking down barriers that sometimes make it difficult for highway designers to be aware of local concerns of interested organizations and citizens. The partnership formed to develop this guidance grew out of the design-related provisions of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995. Congress provided dramatic new flexibilities in funding, stressed the importance of preserving historic and scenic values, and provided for enhancing communities through transportation improvements.
    [Show full text]
  • Examination of Estimates of Expenditure 2016-17 Reply Serial No
    Examination of Estimates of Expenditure 2016-17 Reply Serial No. THB(T)023 CONTROLLING OFFICER’S REPLY (Question Serial No. 1523) Head: (60) Highways Department Subhead (No. & title): (-) Not Specified Programme: (3) Railway Development Controlling Officer: Director of Highways (K K LAU) Director of Bureau: Secretary for Transport and Housing Question: It is noted that the Railway Development Office (RDO) of the Highways Department (HyD) is responsible for the tasks under this programme. Will the Government inform this Committee of the main duties, operational expenditure, staff establishment and full year salary expenditure for the RDO of the HyD in the 2016-17 estimates? Asked by: Hon Albert CHAN Wai-yip (Member Question No. 25) Reply: In 2016-17, the major duties of the RDO are to – (a) co-ordinate actions with bodies and departments concerned to speed up land resumption and to resolve interface problems to facilitate implementation of the railway projects; (b) oversee the progress of the Hong Kong section of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link, the South Island Line (East), the Kwun Tong Line Extension and the Shatin to Central Link to ensure their timely completion; (c) continue to take forward the railway schemes recommended under the Railway Development Strategy 2014; (d) scrutinise submissions including project estimates by the MTR Corporation Limited on the implementation of railway projects; (e) co-ordinate with the Mainland authorities on cross-boundary infrastructure developments; and (f) continue to undertake route protection of the recommended railway projects and other longer term proposals. The HyD deploys in-house staff resources (with a projected staff establishment of 134 as at 31 March 2017), with the assistance of consultants on some specialised tasks, to monitor the Session 14 THB(T) - Pa ge 40 implementation of the railway projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads/PBIC Whitepaper Bridges.Pdf (Accessed on 27 July 2019)
    land Article The Role and Importance of a Footbridge Suspended over a Highway in the Opinion of Its Users—Trabzon (Turkey) Maria Hełdak 1,* , Sultan Sevinc Kurt Konakoglu 2 , Banu Cicek Kurdoglu 3 , Hande Goksal 3, Bogdan Przybyła 4 and Jan K. Kazak 1 1 Institute of Spatial Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 55, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, Amasya University, 05100 Amasya, Turkey; [email protected] 3 Department of Landscape Architecture, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; [email protected] (B.C.K.); [email protected] (H.G.) 4 Department of Mechanics of Structers and Urban Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In the urban landscape, footbridges appeared along with the development of urbanization through the implementation of more complex spatial structures. The introduction of transport transit to cities or sometimes urban gravity towards the important communication routes imposed their construction in order to ensure pedestrians’ safety and smooth flow of traffic. The aim of the study is to determine how an overpass in the city of Trabzon is used by people of different ages, the security and motivation problem, the possibility of a footbridge, and how an overpass is perceived as a Citation: Hełdak, M.; Kurt crossing over a highway. The study addresses the problem of safety and motivation related to the Konakoglu, S.S.; Kurdoglu, B.C.; use of an overpass by people of different ages and is focused on the perception of an overpass as a Goksal, H.; Przybyła, B.; Kazak, J.K.
    [Show full text]