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Thanks to Dr. Robbin Thorp, UC Davis. UC Thorp, Robbin Dr. to Thanks Guide developed and illustrated by Elaine Evans, The Xerces Society. Xerces The Evans, Elaine by illustrated and developed Guide Bombus appositus Bombus Bombus morrisoni Bombus Funding for bumble bee conservation provided by the CS Fund. CS the by provided conservation bee bumble for Funding Bombus melanopygus Bombus Bombus bifarius Bombus Visit www.xerces.org/bumblebees for more information. more for www.xerces.org/bumblebees Visit Bombus occidentalis Bombus , please contact [email protected] contact please , find you If FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION INVERTEBRATE FOR S X T OCIETY ERCES HE B. occidentalis B. populations. remaining will use this information to promote conservation of of conservation promote to information this use will www.xerces.org/bumblebees Society and scientists studying bumble bee decline decline bee bumble studying scientists and Society will help document their current range. The Xerces Xerces The range. current their document help will P h o in recent years. Your efforts to search for this bee bee this for search to efforts Your years. recent in t o b y D e Found in the mountains and northern areas northern and mountains the in Found r Columbia to central California have nearly disappeared disappeared nearly have California central to Columbia r Bombus huntii Bombus mixtus Bombus i c k D historic range, but populations from southern British British southern from populations but range, historic i t c h still be found in northern and eastern parts of their their of parts eastern and northern in found be still b u n the western United States and Canada. They can can They Canada. and States United western the n i r n The western bumble bee was once commonly found found commonly once was bee bumble western The (edwardsii) (nearcticus) Bombus melanopygus Bombus Bombus bifarius bifarius Bombus Map based on Milliron of the Western Hemisphere Bumblebees. Bombus griseocollis Bombus nevadensis Bombus 1971 B OMBUS OCCIDENTALIS OMBUS Found in coastal areas coastal in Found , A Monograph BUMBLE BEE BEE BUMBLE For more identification information, visit www.discoverlife.org and www.bugguide.net www.bugguide.net and www.discoverlife.org visit information, identification more For THE WESTERN WESTERN THE commonly found bees are pictured here. Some species pictured have varieties with different coloration. coloration. different with varieties have pictured species Some here. pictured are bees found commonly POCKET GUIDE TO IDENTIFYING IDENTIFYING TO GUIDE POCKET There are around 30 bumble bee species present in western North America. Females of some of the most most the of some of Females America. North western in present species bee bumble 30 around are There orth America orth N western of bees bumble common ther O of range istoric H Bombus occidentalis Bombus Male or female ? Common female Similar female bees with Similar female bees with yellow Females have 6 abdominal segments versus 7 in males. Bombus occidentalis varieties yellow on the head on the 4th abdominal segment Females have 12 antennal segments versus 13 in males. Female hind legs are wider than male hind legs. Bombus vandykei Bombus caliginosus female abdomen male abdomen 6 segments 7 segments Northern California to Central coastal British Columbia, California Bombus californicus Bombus suckleyi (cuckoo bee) east to Montana female antenna male antenna 12 segments 13 segments female hind male hind leg wider leg thinner Bombus vosnesenskii Bombus insularis (cuckoo bee) Females are found through spring, summer and early fall. These look-a-like bees have prominent yellow hair Bombus fernaldae Workers and queens are both female. Males can be on the face, as opposed to B. occidentalis with all (cuckoo bee) common in late summer and early fall. Females have black hair on the face. These look-a-like bees have yellow hair on the 4th pollen baskets (an indentation onto which they sometimes Rocky Mountains to Alaska abdominal segment, as opposed to B. occidentalis pack pollen) on their hind legs, and shorter antennae These three varieties of B. occidentalis represent the and abdomens. Males sometimes have larger eyes and with black or white hair on the 4th abdominal most commonly found color patterns. Some bees longer hair. Bumble bees pictured and described in this segment. guide are all female bees. are intermediate between these varieties. Yellow-headed bee Black-headed bee Thanks to Dr. Robbin Thorp, UC Davis. UC Thorp, Robbin Dr. to Thanks Guide developed and illustrated by Elaine Evans, The Xerces Society. Xerces The Evans, Elaine by illustrated and developed Guide (cuckoo bee) (cuckoo Bombus citrinus Bombus Bombus ternarius Bombus rufocinctus Bombus rufocinctus Bombus Funding for bumble bee conservation provided by the CS Fund. CS the by provided conservation bee bumble for Funding Visit www.xerces.org/bumblebees for more information. more for www.xerces.org/bumblebees Visit Bombus affinis Bombus , please contact [email protected] contact please , find you If FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION INVERTEBRATE FOR S X T OCIETY ERCES HE B. affinis affinis B. populations remaining of conservation . bumble bees will use this information to promote promote to information this use will bees bumble www.xerces.org/bumblebees The Xerces Society and scientists studying declining declining studying scientists and Society Xerces The for this bee will help document their current range. range. current their document help will bee this for its former range in recent years. Your efforts to search search to efforts Your years. recent in range former its o t b o y h J P o h a n n B. affinis B. has disappeared from most of of most from disappeared has but patches, a J a m They can still occasionally be found in isolated isolated in found be occasionally still can They e s - H in the eastern United States and the upper Midwest. Midwest. upper the and States United eastern the in e i n The rusty patched bumble bee was once common common once was bee bumble patched rusty The Bombus fraternus Bombus fervidus Bombus pensylvanicus Bombus auricomus Bombus z Map based on Milliron of the Western Hemisphere Bumblebees. 1971 B OMBUS AFFINIS OMBUS , A Monograph BUMBLE BEE BUMBLE For more identification information, visit www.discoverlife.org and www.bugguide.net and www.discoverlife.org visit information, identification more For with different coloration. coloration. different with THE RUSTY PATCHED PATCHED RUSTY THE of the most commonly found bees are pictured here. Some species pictured have varieties varieties have pictured species Some here. pictured are bees found commonly most the of POCKET GUIDE TO INDENTIFYING TO GUIDE POCKET There are around 20 bumble bee species present in eastern North America. Females of some some of Females America. North eastern in present species bee bumble 20 around are There Other common bumblebees of eastern North America North eastern of bumblebees common Other of range Historic ombus affinis ombus B Male or female ? Identifying Bombus affinis Similar bees with yellow at the rear of Similar bees without yellow at the Females have 6 abdominal segments versus 7 in males. the second abdominal segment rear of the second abdominal segment Females have 12 antennal segments versus 13 in males. Female hind legs are wider than male hind legs. Worker Male female abdomen male abdomen 6 segments 7 segments Workers and males have a distinctive rusty brown patch on the front half of their second abdominal Bombus vagans worker Bombus citrinus male Bombus bimaculatus Bombus impatiens segment. The hair on their heads is mostly black. (cuckoo bee) On the thorax, black hairs extend from a central B. affinis and B. vagans females, and B. citrinus patch in the middle of the thorax out towards the males have yellow hair covering most of the first two wings and centrally in a narrow V towards the rear. abdominal segments. However, B. affinis workers have a rusty patch on the second abdominal segment. female antenna male antenna 12 segments 13 segments female hind male hind B. vagans workers and B. citrinus males have yellow hair leg wider leg thinner Queens are similar on the top of their heads while B. affinis have black hair to workers except on the top of their heads. In addition, B. vagans have a they are larger in Females are found through spring, summer, and early longer face than do B. affinis. size and do not fall. Workers and queens are both female. Males can have the rusty patch be common in late summer and early fall. Females on the abdomen. have pollen baskets (an indentation onto which they sometimes pack pollen) on their hind legs, and shorter Bombus griseocollis antennae and abdomens. Males sometimes have larger Yellow-headed Black-headed eyes and longer hair. Queen long-faced bee short-faced bee Thanks to Dr. Robbin Thorp, UC Davis. UC Thorp, Robbin Dr. to Thanks (cuckoo bee) (cuckoo Guide developed and illustrated by Elaine Evans, The Xerces Society. Xerces The Evans, Elaine by illustrated and developed Guide Bombus griseocollis Bombus citrinus Bombus vagans Bombus ternarius Bombus Funding for bumble bee conservation provided by the CS Fund. CS the by provided conservation bee bumble for Funding Visit www.xerces.org/bumblebees for more information. more for www.xerces.org/bumblebees Visit FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION INVERTEBRATE FOR Bombus terricola Bombus , please contact [email protected] [email protected] contact please , find you If S X T OCIETY ERCES HE . populations bee bumble www.xerces.org/bumblebees conservation of remaining yellowbanded yellowbanded remaining of conservation promote bumble bee decline will use this information to to information this use will decline bee bumble range. The Xerces Society and scientists studying studying scientists and Society Xerces The range. P h o search for this bee will help document their current current their document help will bee this for search t o b of its former range in recent years.
Recommended publications
  • Bumble Bees of the Western United States” by Jonathan Koch, James Strange, and Paul Williams (2012)

    Bumble Bees of the Western United States” by Jonathan Koch, James Strange, and Paul Williams (2012)

    Adapted from the “Bumble Bees of the Western United States” by Jonathan Koch, James Strange, and Paul Williams (2012). Bumble bees are one of Wyoming’s most important and mild-mannered pollinators. There are more than 20 species in Wyoming, which you can often tell apart by the color patterns on their bodies. This guide shows color patterns for queen bees only, and some species can have multiple queen Bumble patterns! of Bees Areas in yellow indicate where each species Wyoming is found in Wyoming wyomingbiodiversity.org Black Tail Bumble Bee How can you tell Bombus melanopygus it's a bumble bee? Common Bumble bees are the largest bodied bees in Wyoming. Queens can be up to two inches long, but most queens and workers are somewhat smaller than that. They're very hairy all over their bodies, and carry pollen in “baskets” on their hind legs. Did you find a bumble bee? Submit your observation to the Xerces Society of Invertebrate Conservation's website: BumbleBeeWatch.org You can be a member of the citizen science community! Brown-Belted Bumble Bee California Bumble Bee Bombus griseocollis Bombus californicus Common Uncommon Central Bumble Bee Cuckoo Bumble Bee Bombus centralis Bombus insularis Common Common Fernald Cuckoo Bumble Bee Forest Bumble Bee Bombus fernaldae Bombus sylvicola Uncommon Uncommon Frigid Bumble Bee Fuzzy-Horned Bumble Bee Bombus frigidus Bombus mixtus Rare Common Half-Black Bumble Bee High Country Bumble Bee Bombus vagans Bombus balteatus Common Common Hunt’s Bumble Bee Morrison Bumble Bee Bombus huntii Bombus morrisoni Common Common Nevada Bumble Bee Red-Belted Bumble Bee Bombus nevadensis Bombus rufocinctus Common Common Suckley Cuckoo Bumble Bee Bombus suckleyi Red-Belted Bumble Bee, continued Uncommon Two-Form Bumble Bee Western Bumble Bee Bombus bifarius Bombus occidentalis Common Rare throughout much of its range, but common in Wyoming.
  • Guide to MN Bumble Bees: Females

    Guide to MN Bumble Bees: Females

    Guide to MN Bumble Bees: Females This guide is only for females (12 antennal segments, 6 abdominal segments, most bumble Three small bees, most have pollen baskets, no beards on their mandibles). First determine which yellow eyes highlighted section your bee is in, then go through numbered characters to find a match. See if your bee matches the color patterns shown and the description in the text. Color patterns ® can vary. More detailed keys are available at discoverlife.org. Top of head Bee Front of face Squad Join the search for bumble bees with www.bumbleebeewatch.org Cheek Yellow hairs between wings, 1st abdominal band yellow (may have black spot in center of thorax) 1. Black on sides of 2nd ab, yellow or rusty in center 2.All other ab segments black 3. 2nd ab brownish centrally surrounded by yellow 2nd abdominal 2nd abdominal Light lemon Center spot band with yellow band with yellow hairs on on thorax with in middle, black yellow in middle top of head and sometimes faint V on sides. Yellow bordered by and on thorax. shaped extension often in a “W” rusty brown in a back from the shape. Top of swooping shape. middle. Queens head yellow. Top of head do not have black. Bombus impatiens Bombus affinis brownish central rusty patched bumble bee Bombus bimaculatus Bombus griseocollis common eastern bumble bee C patch. two-spotted bumble bee C brown-belted bumble bee C 5. Yellow on front edge of 2nd ab 6. No obvious spot on thorax. 4. 2nd ab entirely yellow and ab 3-6 black Yellow on top Black on top of Variable color of head.
  • The Conservation Management and Ecology of Northeastern North

    The Conservation Management and Ecology of Northeastern North

    THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY OF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICAN BUMBLE BEES AMANDA LICZNER A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO September 2020 © Amanda Liczner, 2020 ii Abstract Bumble bees (Bombus spp.; Apidae) are among the pollinators most in decline globally with a main cause being habitat loss. Habitat requirements for bumble bees are poorly understood presenting a research gap. The purpose of my dissertation is to characterize the habitat of bumble bees at different spatial scales using: a systematic literature review of bumble bee nesting and overwintering habitat globally (Chapter 1); surveys of local and landcover variables for two at-risk bumble bee species (Bombus terricola, and B. pensylvanicus) in southern Ontario (Chapter 2); identification of conservation priority areas for bumble bee species in Canada (Chapter 3); and an analysis of the methodology for locating bumble bee nests using detection dogs (Chapter 4). The main findings were current literature on bumble bee nesting and overwintering habitat is limited and biased towards the United Kingdom and agricultural habitats (Ch.1). Bumble bees overwinter underground, often on shaded banks or near trees. Nests were mostly underground and found in many landscapes (Ch.1). B. terricola and B. pensylvanicus have distinct habitat characteristics (Ch.2). Landscape predictors explained more variation in the species data than local or floral resources (Ch.2). Among local variables, floral resources were consistently important throughout the season (Ch.2). Most bumble bee conservation priority areas are in western Canada, southern Ontario, southern Quebec and across the Maritimes and are most often located within woody savannas (Ch.3).
  • Bumble Bees of CT-Females

    Bumble Bees of CT-Females

    Guide to CT Bumble Bees: Females This guide is only for females (12 antennal segments, 6 abdominal segments, most bumble bees, most have pollen baskets, no beards on their mandibles). First determine which yellow Three small eyes highlighted section your bee is in, then go through numbered characters to find a match. See if your bee matches the color patterns shown and the description in the text. Color patterns can vary. More detailed keys are available at discoverlife.org. Top of head Join the search for bumble bees with www.bumbleebeewatch.org Front of face Cheek Yellow hairs between wings, 1st abdominal band yellow (may have black spot in center of thorax) 1. Black on sides of 2nd ab, yellow or rusty in center 2.All other ab segments black 3. 2nd ab brownish centrally surrounded by yellow 2nd abdominal 2nd abdominal Light lemon Center spot band with yellow band with yellow hairs on on thorax with in middle, black yellow in middle top of head and sometimes faint V on sides. Yellow bordered by and on thorax. shaped extension often in a “W” rusty brown in a back from the shape. Top of swooping shape. middle. Queens head yellow. Top of head do not have black. Bombus impatiens Bombus affinis brownish central rusty patched bumble bee Bombus bimaculatus Bombus griseocollis common eastern bumble bee patch. two-spotted bumble bee brown-belted bumble bee 4. 2nd ab entirely yellow and ab 3-6 black 5. No obvious spot on thorax. Yellow on top Black on top of Variable color of head.
  • The Western Bumble Bee Was Once Commonly Found N R in the Western United States and Canada

    The Western Bumble Bee Was Once Commonly Found N R in the Western United States and Canada

    Thanks to Dr. Robbin Thorp, UC Davis. UC Thorp, Robbin Dr. to Thanks Guide developed and illustrated by Elaine Evans, The Xerces Society. Xerces The Evans, Elaine by illustrated and developed Guide Bombus appositus Bombus Bombus morrisoni Bombus Funding for bumble bee conservation provided by the CS Fund. CS the by provided conservation bee bumble for Funding Bombus melanopygus Bombus Bombus bifarius Bombus Visit www.xerces.org/bumblebees for more information. more for www.xerces.org/bumblebees Visit Bombus occidentalis Bombus , please contact [email protected] contact please , find you If FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION INVERTEBRATE FOR S X T OCIETY ERCES HE B. occidentalis B. populations. remaining will use this information to promote conservation of of conservation promote to information this use will www.xerces.org/bumblebees Society and scientists studying bumble bee decline decline bee bumble studying scientists and Society will help document their current range. The Xerces Xerces The range. current their document help will P h o in recent years. Your efforts to search for this bee bee this for search to efforts Your years. recent in t o b y D e Found in the mountains and northern areas northern and mountains the in Found r Columbia to central California have nearly disappeared disappeared nearly have California central to Columbia r Bombus huntii Bombus mixtus Bombus i c k D historic range, but populations from southern British British southern from populations but range, historic i t c h still be found in northern and eastern parts of their their of parts eastern and northern in found be still b u United States and Canada.
  • An Abstract of the Thesis Of

    An Abstract of the Thesis Of

    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Sarah A. Maxfield-Taylor for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology presented on March 26, 2014. Title: Natural Enemies of Native Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Western Oregon Abstract approved: _____________________________________________ Sujaya U. Rao Bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important native pollinators in wild and agricultural systems, and are one of the few groups of native bees commercially bred for use in the pollination of a range of crops. In recent years, declines in bumble bees have been reported globally. One factor implicated in these declines, believed to affect bumble bee colonies in the wild and during rearing, is natural enemies. A diversity of fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and parasitoids has been reported to affect bumble bees, to varying extents, in different parts of the world. In contrast to reports of decline elsewhere, bumble bees have been thriving in Oregon on the West Coast of the U.S.A.. In particular, the agriculturally rich Willamette Valley in the western part of the state appears to be fostering several species. Little is known, however, about the natural enemies of bumble bees in this region. The objectives of this thesis were to: (1) identify pathogens and parasites in (a) bumble bees from the wild, and (b) bumble bees reared in captivity and (2) examine the effects of disease on bee hosts. Bumble bee queens and workers were collected from diverse locations in the Willamette Valley, in spring and summer. Bombus mixtus, Bombus nevadensis, and Bombus vosnesenskii collected from the wild were dissected and examined for pathogens and parasites, and these organisms were identified using morphological and molecular characteristics.
  • Bumble Bee Surveys in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area of Oregon and Washington

    Bumble Bee Surveys in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area of Oregon and Washington

    Bumble Bee Surveys in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area of Oregon and Washington Final report from the Xerces Society to the U.S. Forest Service and Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program (ISSSSP) Agreement L13AC00102, Modification 5 Bombus vosnesenskii on Balsamorhiza sagittata. Photo by Rich Hatfield, the Xerces Society. By Rich Hatfield, Sarina Jepsen, and Scott Black, the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation September 2017 1 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Site Selection ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Site Descriptions (west to east) ................................................................................................................ 7 T14ES27 (USFS) ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Cape Horn (USFS) .................................................................................................................................
  • Assessing Bumble Bee Diversity, Distribution, and Status for the Michigan Wildlife Action Plan

    Assessing Bumble Bee Diversity, Distribution, and Status for the Michigan Wildlife Action Plan

    Assessing Bumble Bee Diversity, Distribution, and Status for the Michigan Wildlife Action Plan Prepared By: Logan M. Rowe, David L. Cuthrell, and Helen D. Enander Michigan Natural Features Inventory Michigan State University Extension P.O. Box 13036 Lansing, MI 48901 Prepared For: Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division 12/17/2019 MNFI Report No. 2019-33 Suggested Citation: Rowe, L. M., D. L. Cuthrell., H. D. Enander. 2019. Assessing Bumble Bee Diversity, Distribution, and Status for the Michigan Wildlife Action Plan. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Report Number 2019- 33, Lansing, USA. Copyright 2019 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. MSU Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status or family status. Cover: Bombus terricola taken by D. L. Cuthrell Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ iii Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Museum Searches ....................................................................................................................................
  • Bumblebee Conservator

    Bumblebee Conservator

    Volume 2, Issue 1: First Half 2014 Bumblebee Conservator Newsletter of the BumbleBee Specialist Group In this issue From the Chair From the Chair 1 A very happy and productive 2014 to everyone! We start this year having seen From the Editor 1 enormously encouraging progress in 2013. Our different regions have started from BBSG Executive Committee 2 very different positions, in terms of established knowledge of their bee faunas Regional Coordinators 2 as well as in terms of resources available, but members in all regions are actively moving forward. In Europe and North America, which have been fortunate to Bumblebee Specialist have the most specialists over the last century, we are achieving the first species Group Report 2013 3 assessments. Mesoamerica and South America are also very close, despite the huge Bumblebees in the News 9 areas to survey and the much less well known species. In Asia, with far more species, many of them poorly known, remarkably rapid progress is being made in sorting Research 13 out what is present and in building the crucial keys and distribution maps. In some Conservation News 20 regions there are very few people to tackle the task, sometimes in situations that Bibliography 21 make progress challenging and slow – their enthusiasm is especially appreciated! At this stage, broad discussion of problems and of the solutions developed from your experience will be especially important. This will direct the best assessments for focusing the future of bumblebee conservation. From the Editor Welcome to the second issue of the Bumblebee Conservator, the official newsletter of the Bumblebee Specialist Group.
  • PETITION to LIST the VARIABLE CUCKOO BUMBLE BEE Bombus Variabilis (Cresson 1872) UNDER the ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT and CONCURRENTLY DESIGNATE CRITICAL HABITAT

    PETITION to LIST the VARIABLE CUCKOO BUMBLE BEE Bombus Variabilis (Cresson 1872) UNDER the ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT and CONCURRENTLY DESIGNATE CRITICAL HABITAT

    BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR PETITION TO LIST THE VARIABLE CUCKOO BUMBLE BEE Bombus variabilis (Cresson 1872) UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT AND CONCURRENTLY DESIGNATE CRITICAL HABITAT Variable Cuckoo Bumble Bee (top) male side (bottom) male face USGS Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab Photo by Brook Goggins CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY April 27th, 2021 NOTICE OF PETITION Charles Wooley, Regional Director Deb Haaland, Secretary Region 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior 5600 American Blvd. West, Suite 990 1849 C Street NW Bloomington, MN 55437-1458 Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] [email protected] Leopoldo Miranda, Regional Director Martha Williams, Principal Deputy Director Region 4 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1875 Century Blvd. NE 1849 C Street NW Atlanta, GA 30345 Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] [email protected] Gary Frazer, Assistant Director for Wendi Weber, Regional Director Endangered Species Region 5 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 300 Westgate Center Dr. 1840 C Street NW Hadley, MA 01035 Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] [email protected] Noreen Walsh, Regional Director Amy Leuders, Regional Director Region 6 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 134 Union Boulevard, Suite 650 P.O. Box 1306 Lakewood, CO 80228 Albuquerque, NM 87103-1306 [email protected] [email protected] ii Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b); Section 553(e) of the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C.
  • Bumble Bees of Virginia

    Bumble Bees of Virginia

    Many bumble bees WHAT CAN YOU DO? VIRGINIA WORKING LANDSCAPES are in decline. Plant native plants! Bumble bees need a stable source of nectar and pollen throughout the growing season, so plant a B u m b l e B e e s suite of native flowers that bloom from early spring to fall. Native plants are recommended because they are beneficial to other insects and wildlife as well. For tips on gardening with native plants, visit the of Virginia Virginia Native Plant Society’s website at: www.vnps.org Bombus impatiens colony, T’ai Roulston Reduce or stop using pesticides! If you use pesticides, visit www.xerces.org to learn Bumble bees are invaluable pollinators. We which chemicals are the most toxic to bees and rely on them to pollinate our fruits, vegetables, how and when to apply pesticides in order to and thousands of native plant species. minimize impacts to bees. Many of our North American bumble bees are Protect the nest! experiencing steep population declines. For Bumble bees nest in the ground during the summer example, the once common Bombus affinis, the and queens overwinter just an inch or two below the rusty-patched bumble bee, has declined by soil’s surface. If you see an area of your yard with a lot of bee activity, do not disturb it if possible. Post- roughly 80% and is only found in isolated areas pone tilling and other soil disturbance practices in within its historic range. Threats to bumble this area in the early spring to allow queens to bees include parasites, disease, habitat loss, emerge.
  • An Inventory of Native Bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes)

    An Inventory of Native Bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes)

    An Inventory of Native Bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming BY David J. Drons A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Major in Plant Science South Dakota State University 2012 ii An Inventory of Native Bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming This thesis is approved as a credible and independent investigation by a candidate for the Master of Plant Science degree and is acceptable for meeting the thesis requirements for this degree. Acceptance of this thesis does not imply that the conclusions reached by the candidate are necessarily the conclusions of the major department. __________________________________ Dr. Paul J. Johnson Thesis Advisor Date __________________________________ Dr. Doug Malo Assistant Plant Date Science Department Head iii Acknowledgements I (the author) would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Paul J. Johnson and my committee members Dr. Carter Johnson and Dr. Alyssa Gallant for their guidance. I would also like to thank the South Dakota Game Fish and Parks department for funding this important project through the State Wildlife Grants program (grant #T2-6-R-1, Study #2447), and Custer State Park assisting with housing during the field seasons. A special thank you to taxonomists who helped with bee identifications: Dr. Terry Griswold, Jonathan Koch, and others from the USDA Logan bee lab; Karen Witherhill of the Sivelletta lab at the University of New Mexico; Dr. Laurence Packer, Shelia Dumesh, and Nicholai de Silva from York University; Rita Velez from South Dakota State University, and Jelle Devalez a visiting scientist at the US Geological Survey.