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MANITCMIOCWl 64220

MTWC 977.567 ST St. Nazianz Centennial St . Na=ianz, 1854 - 1954 I Manitowoc Public Library 33128003'394597

' p . LIBRARY USE ONLY A drawing of tho village around 1860.

1854 St. Nazianz 1954

An ooriol view of the va11,. ....

MTWC 977. 567 ST St . Nazianz Centennial St . Nazianz, 1854 - 1954 I Manitowoc Public Library 33128003994597 l

D ed ication

HUS ended the fi rst day in our new fatherland pansion, so beneficial not only to the community itself, Tand our new home, concl uclecl with the ~ecita ­ but also to other parishes, Mary's intercession before tion of the . . At the close of every busy has brought manifold , spiritual and material, clay, in perfect unity, we gathered around a large lire, upon her devotees. and prayed the rosary . . . . " These facts are recorded Nor can it be called simply coincidence, as so many in the Chronicle of St. N11zi1111z, by Anton Stoll, who people would label it, that the centennial of ·the proc· likewise concludes every year's entry in the Chronicle lamation of the dogma of the 111id - with the words: Celobt sei Maria ( Praised be and the centennial of St. Nazianz are celebrated in the Jesus and Mary). Examples can be swiftly multiplied same year. Before God chance does not exist; attributing of the devotion paid to Mary, the Mother of Goel, by the events to chance is a blasphemy in His sight, for nothing citizens of St. Nazianz from its founding, the erection of ever happens on the face of the earth and in the whole its first shrine, one to our Lady of Loretto, in 1855, clown of His creation without His knowledge and power. The to the present clay with its h equent Marian devotions, preparation of the decl ara tion oF l\ifary's absolute sinless­ the dedication of the and its work for God's glory ness and the preparation ol: the foundation of St. Nazianz under the guidance of the , and the weekly were equally the work of God's Providence in 1854, as novena to our Lady of Perpetual Help, so regularly and is the rejoicing in 1954 over the one hundredth anniver­ well attended by the whole parish - not to mention, sary of these simultaneous events. daily family recitation of the rosary. Rightly then, with reasons that extend through the Throughout the history of the community the Blessed century, in this Marian year St. Gregory's community Mother has not failed to heed the homage and petitions dedicates its centennial to the sinless Mary to her. From the poor, struggling beginnings of St. Greg­ of Nazareth, our Lady of Loretto, our Lady of Perpetual ory's parish until the recent building and educational ex- Help, Cod's mother and ours. 5

Tribute To Our

HEN people leave the place of their birch and the greatest gift of earth, a father and a mother who were long residence for a distant and new home, most concerned first of all for his spiritual well-being and the W probably never to return, they usually take with proper development of his mental powers, he was edu­ them at least one or several things to bind them to the cated in the most celebrated schools of his time, home they are leaving. Thus, as Father Oschwald and at Neo·Cae.5aria and Alexandria. W hen he grew to man­ his Association planned their immigration to the United hood, his life set a regular pattern of retirement in soli­ States, they made one inseparable link with their home· tude to pray and study alternating with periods of teach­ land : as a popular tradition has it, From the parish church ing and instructing others in the fruits of his and whence a majority of the immigrants came and where study, especially in eloquence at the of Ath­ Father Oschwald was , they took their patron, St. ens. G regory of Nazianz, and made him the patron of their Ordained to the priesthood in 36 1 and consecrated Association, and determined to call their settlement in the a few years later, he ruled first the diocese of Sas· new land St. Nazianz in his honor, and to dedicate their ima and then the diocese of Nazianz. After the death of church in America to him. his father and mother, he resigned from his bishopric to Through these 100 years St. Gregory of Nazianz has go again into solitude. But his zeal for Catholic truth soon watched over his community and church. In the work of brought him from retirement. The heresy of , the early pioneers and in the achievements of their suc­ the false teaching that Jesus Christ was not God become cessors in the present day, he has had a definite, subtle man, but only the most perfect of Cod's human creatures, influence, perhaps unknown to the parishioners them­ again burst forth in new strength after being condemned selves. by the first General Council of the Church in 325, the For what the first settlers did in furthering Catholic Council of Nicea. li fe and in the whole territory sur­ Gregory yielded to the pleas of Catholics who begged rounding St. Nazianz, what religious societies with their him to come and defend them against the Arians. So origins in St. Nazianz have done throughout the nation powerfull y did the learned bishop attack the false for that same purpose, and what the present parishioners teachers that in a relatively short time he tdumphed over of St. Nazianz are accomplishing toward the same end for all. The Cathol ics of the capital, Constantinople, de­ themselves and other parishes of the county - all this manded Gregory as their bishop, but be refused and re­ is most clear to the heart of their patron, St. Gregory of turned to N azianz. After administering to the church Nazianz. there for two years, he again sought the quiet of prayer For St. Gregory is a Doctor of the C hurch, a given and study. He died six years later, in 389. to not even three dozen of the sa ints of Goel, but reserved God's purpose in man's creation is that be may use the for those who not only led heroicall y holy lives but also abundant divine gifts showered upon him to gain peace arc emjnent in Catholic learning and education. His and happiness which will never end- God's special title as a is the same as that gifts to grow in the li fe of grace, God's mental gifts which given to the Apostle-Evangelist, St. John-"The Divine." ra ise man far above all material creation to grow in the St. Gregory of Nazianz was born in southwestern Asia life of true wisdom, God's physical gifts to be used in fur­ Minor ( now Turkey) in the fourth century. Blessed with thering the supernatural life of grace and the natural life of the mind. Perfectly St. Gregory of Nazianz l'u l- 61lecl God's purposes in himself. By his guidance he has St. Gregory of Nozionz, copied from on oil paint­ urged tlie same constantly upon the parish and village of ing on a banner of the Sick Benevolent Society, which he is the patron, St. Nazianz. May the people founded by the settlers in St. Nazianz in 1871. continue always to follow that guidance.

7

( Pius XII now gloriously reigning

The of the Century

In its inception and in its history St. Nazianz has dedicated unswervingly to His 1rue Church on earth, been undividedly Catholic, the life of the whole com­ in obedience and love of Christ's vicar on earth, six of munity centered around the parish church of St. Gregory whom have occupied the Chair of Peter in dur­ of Nazianz. Their spi loyalc )' under Cod has been ing th e past century.

PIUS IX ( 1846-1878) " Reme m1Jer, the Catholic Chmch is ·immortal." The turbulent affairs of nineteenth-century which brought the first settlers to St. Nazianz crushed their full weight upon the Vicar of Christ. Despite generous efforts to meet the demands of a changing world, Pius IX was robbed of the by the Italian nationalists and became a voluntary prison­ er in the Vatica n P alace, an example followed by h is successors until 1929. The Kullurkampf in Germany, state restriction and suppression of the Church, saddened the later days of his pontiiicate. On December 8, 1854, he solemnly defined that the Blessed Virgin Mary was, in the first instant of her conception, preserved free from all stain of . His Syllabus of 1864 con­ demned errors of thought and which have reached their greatest power in ow· day. In the twentieth General Council (1869-70) Pius IX gathered the of the world to discuss matters of Catholic and discipline. This, the Vatican Coun­ cil, proclaimed that in defining a doctrine regarding faith or morals to be held by the Universal Church, the Roman Pontiff cannot err.

LEO XIII ( 1878-1903) "I love you all, b11t I am. tired, and glad to go." Through the courage, principle, and tact of Leo XIII the German persecution of the Church was brought to an end, and the same qualities won a lessening of opposition to the Church in England, F1·ance, and Russia. In Italy, however, the strain be­ tween Church and State continued. Leo XIII was especially aware of the growth of the Church in the of America. With his urging and the Catholic University of America was founded in Washington, D.C. An outstanding event of his pontificate and of all times was Leo XIII's encyclical, , in 1891. This document condemned the injustices that the growing industrial powers of the world were forcing upon the laboring man. Long before their time, for even today the full tenor of the Pope's teaching has not been effected, his social doctrines demanded a living wage, the right to form la bor unions, and state legislation for the pro­ tection of the workingman. Dw·ing his reign Father Francis Jordan founded the Society of the Divine Savior (1881) and received fo·st Papal recognition for the Salvatorian Fathers. ST. PIUS X ( 1903-1914) "I wns born poor; 1 have lived poor and l wis/1 to die poor." Though he remained more aloof in his dealings with temporal rulers, by his cautious and friendly attitude Pius X began to bring about the eventual reconciliation between the Vatican and Italy. With a firm hand he dealt with atheistic socialists in France. Spain, and Portugal who were usurping the rights and property of the Church. Pius X is especially remembered and loved as the Pope of little children, for not only did he Jove to receive them in audi­ ence but he decreed tha t they should be allowed to receive Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament when they were old enough to know the doctrine of His presence in the . He is also remem­ bered as the Ponti[f to restore the practice of the early Church of frequent, even daily reception of Holy Communion. He also brought about changes in the training of candidates for the priesthood, in liturgical ceremonies, and in Church music. The Pope saw the rising clouds of the first World War long before others. All his efforts to a vert the crisis failed, and he died on the very day that the German army entered Brussels, the capital of Belgium. Physicians wrote bronchitis as the cause of his death; but his friends knew it was heart-break. Pius X was beatified in the jubilee year of 1950, and declared a saint in this centennial, Marian year, May 30, 1954.

BENEDICT XV (1 9 14-1922) "We offer our life to God on behalf of tlze i;eace of the world." The First World War Pope drove the s traight and narrow road of peacemaker dw-ing those four bloody years, but was still criti­ cized by extremists on both sides because of his impartiality. Early i.n the war he organized relief agencies, and through his efforts millions of dollars were contributed to save multitudes in Eastern and Central Europe from starvation. The Vatican ar­ ranged the exchange of vast numbers of prisoners of war, better hospitalization for the wounded, and an information service to bl'ing to the families of all belligerents news of their sons and husbands. Benedict continually called upon the nations to bring the bloody holocaust to an end. In 1917 the Pontiff outlined a peace plan tha t was not heeded; in fact, Italy extracted from her allies the promise that the Pope would be excluded from all negotia­ tions on the settlement of the war. Oddly, only a non-Christian nation appreciated Benedict's labor for mankind; Mohammedan Turkey erected a statue to honor him during his lifetime. Even with the armistice the unhappy Pope had to see the continuation of strife down to his death, with civil struggles raging in Russia, Poland, Greece, Ireland, Syda, and Hungary.

PIUS XI ( 1922-1939) "Peace ... , the peace of Je.ms.'' The new Pope saw the rise and growth of the age of the mod­ ern totalitarian dictator. Though to safeguard the Church he signed concordats with both Facist Italy and Nazi Germany, his seventeen-year reign was devoted to restraining a nd struggling against the greed and injustice of both Facism and Communism. In the of 1929 Italy gave the papacy a small in­ dependent state within the limits of Rome. Hit.ler's anti-Semitism, Mussolini's aggression against Ethiopia, the after the Communists had seized the government- these were but the major catastrophes in the long series of evil and sorrow that the dictators were bringing upon the world. Despite these political worries Pius XI devoted himsell strenu­ ously to the revivilication of the spiritual life of Christ's Church. In all he issued thirty-seven encyclicals on a variety of subjects. He encow·aged , lay associations for religious activities under the direction of the hierarchy; he repeated and expanded the social teachings of Leo XIII; his encyclicals on Christian marriage, Catholic education, and the priesthood will never lose their immediacy for right living. Even as he lay in death, the Second World War. which he had long foreseen, had already begun.

His Exccllcncy1 the Most Reverend Stonislous V. Bono, Bishop of Green Boy

His Exc,ellenco, tho Most Reverend J ohn B. Grcllingcr,Auxiliory Bishop of Green Bay Diocese THI! MosT REvmuiNo Jo 11 N MARTIN l-I ENN1 (1854- 1881). Consecrated first bishop or i'd ilwaukee, March 19, 1844. Created of , February 11 , 1875. Co11lirmcd 109 persons in 1 loly Ghost Con\'ent chapel, 1860. - Visited at St. Na7ianz for a clay and a half on this occasion Laid cornerstone or the new St. Gregory's Church, June 9. Visited :ti St. Natiant for a day and a half on this occasion. Dedicated the new St. Gregory Church, November 10, 1868. Confirmed 156 persons in St. Gregory's Church, September 24, 1875. Died, September 7. 1881.

T111! MoS'r H l!vlln l!ND Mtc1tAllL I l e 1ss ( 1880-1890) . Consecrated hishop of La Crosse, September 6, 1868. Appointed archbishop of M ilwaukee, March 14,, 1880. Confi rmed 180 persons in St. G regory's Church, July 6, 1880. Confirmed 140 persons in St. Gregory's Church, June 26, 1884. Confirmed 126 persons in St. Gregory's Church, September 18, 1888. Died, March 26. 1890.

Tull MosT H EVJ1.l\l!ND F11eoe111c K XAv1E11 KAT' ( 1891-1903) . Consecrated bishop of Green Bay, September 21, 1886. Created archbishop ol' Milwaukee, January 30, 1891. Confi rmed 11 9 persons in St. Gregory's C hurch, May 25, 1892. Confirmed 114 persons in St. Gregory's C hurch, September 23, 1896. Confirmed 79 persons in St. G regory's C hurch, May 31, 1899. Died, July 20, 1903. Tue i\los-r REVEREND SEoASllA'' GEn11AnD i\11'~~"'" ( 1903- 1905) Attend golden jubilee cdebr.uion of the founding of St. NJzi­ Jnz. 191'.H. 1\ lanjtowoc County territO!) transferred to Green Bay diocese, July. 1905. Officiated at burial of Fa1 her Ferdinand Rnc-s in

TaE R 1cHT REVEREND JosEP11 J. Fox ( 1905- 1914) Consecrated bishop of Green Bay, July 25, 1904. Confirmed 92 persons in Sc. Gregory's Church, i\ lay 24, 1906. Confirmed 69 persons in St. Gregory's Church, 1\lay 11, 1909. Confirmed 119 persons in S1. Gregory·~ Church, i\la)' 22. 1912. Resigned as bishop of Green Bay. December 4, 1914. Died, i\larch 14, 1915.

Tm; MosT REVEREND PAUL PET1;11 R11ooc ( 1915 1945) Consecrated auxiliary co 1he archbishop ol' , July 29, 1908. Transferred to the diocese of Green Bay, Jul) 5, 1915. Confinned 116 persons in Sc. Gregory'~ Church, i\lay 2, 1916. Confinncd 87 persons in S1. Gregory's Church, i\ lay 11 , 1919. Ordained rhe first American , 1\ ugust 28. 192 1. Confirmed IOI persons in St. Gregory's Church. June 24, 1923. Confi rmed 102 persons in Sc. Gregory's Church, Scp1cmber 4, 1927. Confirmed 82 persons in Sr. Gregory·, Church, Augus1 I 5, 1930. Confirmed 91 persons in S1. Gregory's Churd1, July 2. 1933. Confirmed I I 7 persons in St. Gregory's Church, Oc1obcr 4, 1936. Confirmed I 18 persons in t. Gregory's Church. June 13, 1939. - Also dedicated the new ah-:uorian Seminary on 1hi' occasion. Confirmed 103 persons in t. Gregory's Church, April 21, 1942. Died. i\larch 3, 19-15. Our is not to gain earthly riches.... We are only pil­ grims on this earth, and time is given to us by God only to prepare ourselves for heaven.... We have nothing to lose in this world; we live only for God's honor. . . . From Father Oschwald's Last N ew Y ear's Sermon

HE history of the vi llage of St. Nazianz is largely SECTION 5. t\Fter the association is orga nized the right the history of one man. T hat man is Father of obtaining private property shall aga in begin. T· Oschwald. Not on ly the inspirer of the emigration to SECTION 6. The care of the poor, inva lids, orphans and America, he was also the one who orga nized it and others in need shall be provided for, so that the poor shall llnancccl it with the colonists. After the arrival in America receive the same care as the rich. it was only through bis determination, courage, unscl llsh· SecnoN 7. Aid shall be given to one another in the ness, goodness, and zeal that the colony in those difficult obtaining of tbe most necessary things according to the times was able to survive. instructions of the ciders (called Senate). No one shall Father Oschwald was born on March 14, 1801 , at suffer innocently. Each one shall receive aid when in Mundelfingen, Baden, Germany. His decision to study trouble as soon as possible. for the priesthood was not reached until he was 21 years SeCTION 8. Immorality and intemperance shall in no of age, and thus he was not ordained a until way be tolerated. August I, 1833, when he was 32 years old. In the terri· SECTION 9. T he public morality shall be guarded by tory that had known atheist secularism under apoleon the Ephorate, which shall consist of twelve ciders and the and would soon feel the icon hand of nationalist statism priest of the place. under Bismark, he lived in an atmosphere that was not SECTION 10. The Ephorate in its quality as Senate at all <:ond ucive to prayer and a good Catholic life. For shall at the same time constitute the board of elders, 18 years he served in various parishes in the diocese of which, together with the priest, shall ma nage the public Freiburg, and was loved by his parishioners at all his affairs. sta tions. SECTION 11. Such persons as act contrary to the rules As cond itions became worse both economically and and public morality shall be warned three times by the religiously, the idea came to him and the good people Ephorate, and if without effect, shall be excl uded from whom he served, to leave their native land and move, as the associa tion. had so many different peoples before them, to the land SECTION 12. Aid shall be given to each other in every tha t had even then come to be known as the land of the trouble, especia ll y to those who deserve it most. free and the home of the bra ve. SECTrON 13. It is demanded that each member of the As the idea of emigration took more form in his mind association shall be subject to the rules of the association. and in tl1e minds of his people, he began to ma ke tenta· SECTION 14. The organization shall, if it is God's will, tive arrangements for their exodus to the United States. be directed by the undersigned. As remote preparation for the jou(lley and for settlemen t S£CT10N 15. The mode of living will be in common in the wilderness, so that he wou Id be able to care not as much as possible. only for their spiritual needs but also for the ph ysical SECTION 16. The public education will be managed wants of the emigrants, he went to the University of as it is thought best. Munich for two years to study practical medicine. SECTION I 7. A for the female members and When he had completed his medical study he was 53 one for the male members will be erected, according to years of age. Sti ll with undaunted courage, even at that the direction of the undersigned, for the purpose of edu­ age he began to plan the emigration to America. After cating the young and of fostering the contemplative life. long consideration he sat down on Easter Sunday, April SECTION 18. Swearing, cursing, quarrelling, fighting, 16, 1854, and wrote out the statutes or laws which were suing, cheating, unchasteness and rudeness, contrary to a to govern t11e colonies that would be established 111 Christian life, will not be tolerated, over which t11e Eph­ America. orate shall guard carefull y. SECTION 19. Obedience and subjection to law and STATUTES for the foundotion of our colony in North Americo, St. Naz:ianz superiors, public spirit and true brotherly love, etc., is SECTION 1. On the journey to North America, one demanded. sha ll assist die other according to the dictates of the SECTION 20. Each member shall be assigned a position leader. in the parish for which he shall be found suited. SECTION 2. Advances must be paid back or worked for SECTION 21. If parents of chi ldren should die on the in America accord ing to the judgment of the people. journey, the association as well as the parish shall provide SECTION 3. In America, each one states conscientiously for the orphans. what he has, in order to arra nge for the purchase of lands SECTION 22. Suppression and oppression will not be and other necessities. tolerated. SECTION 4. The money at hand shall be put together SECTION 23. The Ephorate will settle in the capacity for the purchase of lands in common. of Senate according to religious prescription any quarrels that arise. SECTION 24. Servants who are working for the parish shall be treated as brothers and sisters so long as they re­ ( main in the service. Immoral and unreligious servants will Fothcr Ambrose Oschwold, founder of St. Nozionz. not be tolerated. 17

SECTION 25. The undersigned reserves the right to to be provided for, they were left behind in N ew York grant membership in the parish. The members of the as­ Ciry. Two ladies of the group even died there. sociation are already entitled to the same,- that is, the As soon as possible the members with their leader left charter members. by train For \'Visconsin, and arrived in Milwaukee near SECTION 26. T he colony to be founded shall be ca lled the encl of August. The members of the Association stayed St. Nazianz, in honor of tbc patron of our association, there for some time. A J'ew were able to fin d work im­ St. Gregory of Nazianz. mediately, but others who were weak and sick had to be SECTION 27. To acquire a membership there must be cared for. Therefore, Father Oschwald bought a house a certain sum of 200 florins paid in for each person, for $900. Even with his tender and ever watching care either in money or labor. \IVhoevcr has paid in more shall many of these pioneers died in Milwaukee before reach­ receive real estate according to th e judgment of the Sen­ ing their destination. ate and shall further have a sha re in tbe general estate. In the meantime Father Oschwalcl contacted a real Cod will reward donations for the universal benefit of estate hroker and was fortunate in striking a real bargain ''the church and poor.'' The rest shall be left to the Sen­ For the purchase of 3,840 acres of land, at $3.50 per acre, ate 10 arrange. payable in live installments on specified elates after a SEcnoN 28. The priest of the place is president of the down payment of $ 1500. As soon as the deal had been Ephorate. T he president of the Senate holds the position closed, Father Oschwald sent six men to locate the land of Mayor. The president and senators arc elected by the they had bought in Manitowoc County. Traveling by parish. steam boar these six men : Anton Stoll, Durst, SECTION 29. Those who will not obey the rules and Bernard ( C uenter ), C hristian ( Schaerdc), John Sch­ the regulations of the Senate and of the undersigned wendemann, and (John) Nepomuck ( Streicher) went cannot be admitted in the parish, nor remain there. T here from Milwaukee to Manitowoc, the county seat. [The must be charity, harmony, true christian fraternal love names in parentheses are not in the original handwritten and real in the parish as well as in the con­ chronicle; however, the evidence from other sources vents, which was our purpose in working together and makes it apparent that these are the names of the first coming to America, and Cod will then hless our work. individuals to come to the site of St. Nazianz. Bernard So may it be.- Urach, 16th or April, 1854, on die Feast Guenter is the only Bernard in the whole Family Record of Easter. Book of the first three years ol' the colony. Christian Ambrose Oschwald, M. P. Schaetzle is in turn the only Christian in the same As ca n be seen from these statutes the purpose of the book. John Ncpomuc St reicher is listed as the father emigration to America was, first of all, the sanctification of the first child born and baptized in St. Nazianz, of the members of the Association. Only secondarily were Novcmhcr 4, 1854. I-le may have left soon after, si nce economic conditions the cause of their leaving their na­ his name is not listed in the Family Record Book of St. tive land. This fact is also borne out by the frequent Na.ziam: of 1855-1856.) T here they hired a driver with a reminder that Father Oschwalcl ga1•e his spiritual chil­ team of horses and pentcatecl into the woods for 12 miles, dren in America; "We did nor come to America to hccomc tO where Valders now sq1ncls. After spending the night rich, but to save our ." here, they set out early tl1e next morning. Soon the tratl Now that everything was ready, and after consulting they were following came to a dead end; but nothing with Archbishop H ermann von Vicari, of Freiburg, and daunted, they cut their way through wi th axes and receiving from him his honorable dismissal, the party was arrived at JO o'clock Sunday morning, August 27, as ready to leave for America. In May, 1854, he went to far as can be ascertained, at the location of the property Strassburg, where the members of the Emigration As­ they had purchased. After paying the driver of the cart sociation had already assembled. From Strassburg they $8.00, these men looked around the property that would went to Paris, and then to Le Havre, whence they em­ be the home of the village they would found, ai1d saw barked for America on the Feast of Corpus C hristi, that it was a wild woodland, 18 miles from the nearest June 15, 1854. The 113 members of the Emigral'ion As­ town, a land that would take much toil and labor hcforc sociation of Sr. Gregory of Nazianz trnvcled in two it would be truly habitable. As implied by the Chronicle, separate ships; one landed in 52 days, the other in 55 si nee they were good Catholics as well as ti reel from the days. The uneventfol journe)', naturally with its share journey, they did not work on that day. Though it rained of storms and sea sicknesses, cost the poor emigrants all the following day, and they were clrcnchecl to the skin, about $12,000. The last pilgrims disembarked at New they worked feverishly in the woods cutting down trees York on August 10, 1854. Since many were sick and had and by the time night fell, had built a large shelter out of the thick foliage. T hey h<1d not time nor opportunity, however, to cover it with a roof. Only when they had ( completed the task, did they stop co build a llre and boil Living quarters under the old St. Gregory Church: a fow of the potatoes that they had brought along with top, as they appeared in the days of Father Osch· them, their only food . Still, as Anton Stoll, the early wold and Father Mutz; bottom, in recent times as o museum, before the destruction of the church. chronicler, narra tes: "Jn spite of all, we were well- 19 -llloi-- -- con1ented :rnd even jolly with 1he bare earth for our bed were John Math and Burkert. ( signed) Ambrose and the grc.11 lire, our Jjght and hca1. Before going to Oschwald.·· their well·dcscn-ed rest for the night 1he six men knelt to recite the rosary. Then after some edifying conversa­ W E EK by week other members of the Association tion, building each other's courage, pl:uining the projects arrived. \.Vith equal will and energy they all sci to for the future, they went 10 sleep. work clearing the woods and building houses. Every Already on the first two days the leaders had noticed morning they arose at ea rly dawn to offer their morning Indians passing by. When on Tucsclay morning they together and clcvo1ed two bours to work. At 1hc arose and cut two pieces of wood to make a cross. and same lime somebody busied himself in the preparation raised it with their great joy, they noticed dint more of soup in a large copper kettle suspended over :m open Indians were passing by. They merely stopped and looked 6re. \.Vhen the sou1> was re:idy and sometimes wi1h it at them and 1hen passed on, doing them no harm, and a few potatoes, the workers were called to breakfast. causing 1hcm no trouble. After the cross had been rnised, When the poor meal had been eaten heartily all went 1hey again went 10 work on the shelter and before 1he back to work ::again for the rest of the day. \.\/hen 1he e\•ening had set in, bad just about completed the roof for light began to fail, they would cease their labor and come it. On \.Yednesday they began work on an American­ again to their meager meal, artcr which assembled around style log house, patterns of which they had already seen the 6re before the cross, they would devoutly recite 1hc on their journey. rosary, indulge in hea r1y convcrsa1ion, sing hymns, som e.~ Late on Friday, September I, when the log house was times until as lnte as 11 o'clock. Then led by Father Osch­ just about completed to the roof, Father Oschwald arrived wald they would rcci1c their night prayers and retire. with eighteen or twen1y men. This group also arrived Having completed the work on two block houses, the wi1h liule provisions and though they were ex 1remcly members of the /\ ssocia tion set to work to build a church. tired, some men set out to buy provisions and al so shingles By mid-October 1he church was completed enough from a farm about a mile distant. When they returned so that the first Mass could be offered. This first Mass wi1h their purchases, they ate their meager meal and was olTcred by Father Oschwalcl on the third Sunda)' of around the newly erected cross recited the rosary. as 1his Oc1ober- Ociober 15. Ii was a11ended by fony wor­ stalwart group of men did daily, morning and evening. slupcrs. On Chris1mas the 6rs1 hjgh Mass was sung. On September 13 occurred the first calamity to befall In November a pany of eigh1ccn persons arrived dircc1 the immigrants on the land they had purchased. In the from Germany. Though they were not members of the middle of the afternoon as they were abo111 their daily Emigration Associa tion, because t11eir reason for coming work culling timber for their homes, a falling 1ree cru shed to America seemed to be only for the purpose of money a young man, Xavier Guenler. Li11lc could be done for and not a religious motive at all , this group almost ruined him, and within ten minutes he was dead. After the body the peace and union and happiness of the lirst settlers. had been laid out for burial, Father Oschwalcl and Anton But in a short time they voluntarily left the colony, and Stoll went 10 find a suitable place for a cemeter)'· They the few who remained wi1h 1he Oschwald Association casil)1 found such a place, bur in their eagerness to learn adjusted themselves 10 th e right pattern of life. more about 1he country they ventured too far into the Early in ovemhcr too a blessed event occurred: "The brush and so lost tbemselves in the woods. The darkness bap1ismal rcgis1er of S1. G regory of Nazianz Parish hcgun of night came, and it was not until 1hc next morn ing at the founding of 1hc parish here by Ambrose Osch­ about 11 o'clock that they found their way b.1ck to the wald,'' says: " 1854 on November 4 in the morning at two rest of the group. Jn the meantime 1he 01hcr members o'clock there w:is born here and the following day ar of the communi1y had made a easke1 ou1 of the wood 12 o'clock noon baptized J\mbrose Streicher, a legitimate of a linden 1ree. Tbus re-Jds the record found in son of a master carpenter, John Nepomuc Streicher and the "Death Register of the parish of S1. Gregory of Sara Streicher. Witnesses and godparents are the un­ Nazianz begun :it the founding of this parish at St. married Luke Sohm

71. XVI Frank, Jacob Si11ce tlie begi1111i11g of Se11t., 185.J to Sept. 1855, tl1e 72. Gertrude ( his wifo) fol/0111i11g liare died: 73. XVII I laungs. ;\ latthias I. Xa, er Cucn1cr Sept. 13, 1854 74. Katharine 2. John Sclmcndcman Oct. 19, 1854 75. XVlll Schoch, ;\ lagdalen 3. Leo Heirtman Nov. 2, 1854 76. Caroline 4. Bernard Weisenberger Dec. I, 1854 77. Susan 5. l'v1artina Stoll Dec. 1, 1854 78. XIX Gehring, Cenovevc 6. Mary A1111a Maier . Dec. 27, 1854 79. Therese 7. Francisca Jo;cpha Cucn1cr . Fe b. 8, 1855 xx LI 11111arried Persons: 8. Longinus St0ll . Apr. 24, 1855 80. Christian Schaer.de 9. Magdalena I lcnningcr . Aug. 24, 1855 81. Nicholas Foerdercr JO. Maria Seidel . . Sept. 7, 1855 82. Joseph eumann 11. Francisca Jaeger Sept. 10, 1855 83. Horentine \ Voelfle Though the winter proved very SC\'Cre again. the 84. Jacob Durst colonists industriou;ly continued to clear land until b)' 85. Xavcr Durst spring they had sixteen new acres, which they planted 86. Augustine Burger wi1h all sorts of 'cgciables. They also planted summer 87. Wunibald lcumcicr wheat for the lir•t 1imc. So hountiful was this h:irvcs1, 88. Simon Riesterer together with the 1en acres of winter wheat they had 89. Philipp Eisenloh planted the fa ll before, tlwt no longer was it necessary 90. Paul Trosc for 1hcm to buy Aour. T hey also had tO build a barn, for 9 1. Martin Zaehcinger tbe number uf t•a ulc by the end of the year :1mountcd to 92. Anton Stoll 20 head. 93. XXI Heidel, Carl But their blc~ing;, as in all walks of life, were mixed 94. Theckla wi1h sorrow, for durin).( 1hat year one of their houses 95. \Vilhelmina burned down, and another brother was killed by a foiling 96. Joseph Karl tree. The Family Record Book of St. Na::imz= no1cs for 97. XXll Woclmer. l\lagdalcn this period: 98. T heckla i'\ierenbcrgcr By 1856 tl1c (ollowi11g arrfred: 99. l\ lary Ann Karl 123. I\ lartin Durst 100. Gertrude Karl 124. I\ Ian in Carl 101. Katharine Mohr 125. Anton Zaehrinjler 102. Mary Ann Gulden 126. Leonard Frey 103. Magdalen Stiegeler 127. George WoclAe 104. Francisca 1 leinewetter 128. John George Sonner 105. Nannette vVohlfart 129. George Grieshaber 106. Helen Jutlikofer 130. Bartholomew Bacchic 107. Mary Mucblhaupt 131. Peter Neiss 108. Francisca l\luchlhaup1 132. Joseph Fessler 109. faa Straub 133. Ther<.'SC Sonner 110. l\ lary 1-leizmann 134. Victoria Zaehringer 111. Rose Kleisser 135. l\ lary Krieber 112. Elizabeth Ehler 136. l\ lary Profo7i 113. Philippina Ehler 137. Mary Ann Reichert 114. Rose Faessler 138. Juliana J\1c7gcr 11 5. Rose Zachringer 139. Agailta Mczgcr 116. Waldburga B Bacchic top, the exterior, which stood until 1949; bottom, 150. l\lax Bacchic ( her son) tho chopcl of , where tho Oschwold Sisters daily proycd the Divine Office in Germon. 151. Caroline Karcher 25

152. Therese Karcher T he Oschwald Brorhers and the Oschwald Sisters, as 153. Caroline Neumaier they were familiarl y called, occupied at this time two sep­ 154. Waldburga Neumaier arate large block houses. One or their obligations was the 155. Joseph Stahl daily recitation of the , the Ollice that is recited 156. V\laldburga Stahl ( his wifo) daily by the . They used a German edition of the 157. Ernestine Stahl ( children) Breviaiy trnnslated by a ca non of the cathedral of Mainz, I 58. Gregory Stahl Father Nickel. 159. Cyriac Stahl On the feast of rhe Holy Rosary Father Oschwald 160. Maria Stahl asked all the members of rhe Association to sign a paper 161. Francis Joseph Stahl if they wished to devote themselves in a special manner 162. Anton Roth to the development of their spiritual lives amidst their 163. John Pfl ueger manual labors. T hose who signed the paper were called 164. Rose Pflueger incorporated members of the Association and observed the 165. One Child three according to their state in life; 166. Henry Neiderprim those who did not sign the paper were l.isted as non­ 167. Sebastian Clarer incorporated members of the Association. 168. Lorenz Wiesler But J 857 was not all a year of joy. First, because 169. Eugidius Grot'linger of a bck oF p:1sture six head of cattle wandered into the Tile followi11 g volm1taril)' departed: green of the swamp and perished. T hen on the feast of I. N. W ilt St. Gregory, patron of the village, May 9, a fire broke 2. Joseph Clausmann out. It seemed for a time that it wou ld destroy the whole 3. Lorenz Buersten settlement, but a timely ra in averted the ca lamity. After 4. Sebastian Clarer the fire the large barn constructed the year before, was 5. A sister from Munsterthal put in order but, as the chronicler relates, "through 6. Thaddaeus the thoughtlessness of a woman, it was set afire and 7. Joseph Buehler burned down completely with a new windmill, onl y a 8. Ignatz Zuegb few days later." 9. Benjamin l\ila)•cr I 0. Francis Joseph Yony -, H ESE three traged ies, however, were small compared 11. J\lois Heit"L man 1 to a 1:QL11th that threatened the entire comm unity. 12. John Annen When Fathe( Oschwalcl had purchased the land on which 13. Kat11arina Chesmaregg St. Nazianz w:1s now developing, he had contracted with 14. Leonard Mayer the real estate dea ler to pay for the land in five install­ 15. His sister Anna Maria ments on specified dates. Already in 1856 the Associa tion 16. Anselm Netzhammer had not been able to meet the installment and had asked Besides ten others who remained here on ly a short time. for an extension. When the real estate broker wou ld not After a mild winter the colonists planted their grant this and declared his intention of taki ng possession crops for the growing season of 1857. Though the spring of all the land th e colonists had purchased, the affair was dry the crops grew bountifully only to have much was hrought 10 con.rt. T he judge gave the decree that of the grain crop ruined by a hailstorm during the on ly as much land could be sold as was necessary to summer but even this did not dull the cheerful outlook pay the installments due, if such payment was not of the members of tlie Association, for as Anton Stoll rendered in the specified time. records in the Chronicle because of the hailstorm "we Now in 1857 when the thi rd installment could not be could reap the following year the fruits of six acres which paid, the real estate dea ler again advertised for an auction we had not planted." Other crops, especially the vege· of the land. T he advertisement appeared in an English tables, were bountiful. paper, which the colonists could not read, and they knew Another joy for the colonists and a remarkable achieve­ nothing about it until the very day of the auction. T hus ment in such a primitive settlement was the organiza· they lost all their best land, including that on which tion of the of St. Francis for the women they had erected th eir buildings. Threatened with dis­ and the sa me order for the men by Father Oschwald. aster, Father Oschwald set t:o work with zeal and con· These groups did not ta ke strictly canonical vows but 6dence. In Milwaukee he met a good Ca tholic From onl y promised 10 observe proveny, and obedience. Sheboygan who loa ned the colonists the money they needed to settle the debt. In due time the colony paid off their benefactor, and the total destruction of the As­ < sociation was averted. T he Loretto Monostery of the Oschwold Brothers: In rhe meantime more and more women were coming top, to the left the living quarters for the Brothers, from Milwaukee to join the Oschwald Sisters and ta ke to the right the entrance t o old St. Ambrose Church; bottom, the interior of old St. Ambrose Church. charge oF the domestic affairs of the society. In order to 27 care for them properly Father Oschwald knew that a the community of Oschwald Sisters in the Holy Ghost separate house must be erected for them. T hus on the Convent numbered 150, and tl1e commw1ity of Osch­ eve of Sunday, 1858, ground was broken for wald Brothers in the Loretto numbered 80. the new edifice. T hrough the sununer and Fall the colon· At this time too the German settlers of St. Nazianz ists worked on the building so that by December, l'he bega n to feel tl1e effects of the Civil War that was raging first wing of the structure could be solemnly dedicated in in the country. 'vVhile the price of gra in had risen honor of the Holy Ghost. On that clay Father Oschwald enormously, especia ll y because ol: the war, other com­ offered !\!lass in the dining room. Immediately after, the modities that they pucchased cost three times as much Sisters took up residence in the house. Church services as before the war. T he colonists too made their first From that time on were held partly in St. Gregory's acquaintance with paper money at this time. As Anton Chmch and partly in the Holy Ghost Chapel. Stoll, the chronicler, reports: "There was paper money The Oschwald Sisters were not disti nguished by any in large denominations and small denominations; nothing special at this time, but devoted themselves but paper, and still more paper. You could not even find a exclusively to the religious life and in a general way to copper cent." work for the society. Besides their daily spiritual exercises, The year 1864 was a year of a most severe winter and especially the recitation of the Divine Office in German, an extremely dry summer. Many fires broke out in tbe the Sisters braided straw hats for the men and women surrounding areas. l\nd on July 25 and 26 the smoke of the settlement, and also others that they sold. T hey was so thick in all the vicinity that it was impossible t0 also manufactured heavy winter shoes, which were again see more than a quarter of a mile. The drought was so Free for the settlers and were sold to outsiders. Proceeds excessive that the colonists could not make ha y. The lire of these and oth er occupations went into the treasury did not affect the colonists except for the loss of 80 of the whole Association. cords of wood which burned on May 30. This year of 1858 also saw the construction of a Aour In spring of this yea r Fa ther Oschwalcl also began mill and marked the civil organization of the town of work with the colonists on the foundatfon of a new St. Eaton and the first nomination of town officers. Gregory's Church. T he cornerstone was laid on June 9 vVeather conditions in 1859 were such that the harvest by Bishop Benni. Late( in the year the final addi tion of all crops was practically a complete failme. \;vith two was made to the Lorello Monastery and completed; th is hundred colonists in the community, a food shortage was addition, the old St. Ambrose Chapel, was blessed on imminent. To avert this tragedy which could mea n a the Feast of St. Ambrose, December 7. The colon ists also dissolution of the settlement, the members sol ici ted money started building a rnnnery with 16 pits in this year and in Milwaukee and other towns. The custom, as the purchased 2 machine-driven weavers' looms. T he whole chronicler notes, "which is a vogue in America," resulted installation cost $1300. in procuring enough money for all the needs of the The Civil War came close to home during 1864, for colonists. fo J 860 the Holy Ghost Convent of the Osch­ 16 men from the colony were drafted. Four young men wald Sisters was completed. It was a quadrangle build­ from the settlement went to Canada during this year, ing with an inner court, 84 feet sq uare on each side. Be­ supposedly to found a new colony. cause it was pink stucco on the outside, it was familiarly Life by this time had settled down into the ordin ary known for years befo(e its destruction as the Pink Con­ routine of dai ly living everywhere. Most of the necessities vent. of the village were products of their own hands, and they By this year the village of St. Nazianz counted 56 were more or less self-sufficient. dwellings including the Oschwa ld Sisters' convent. There In J865 under the direction of Father Oschwald mem· were 48 families in the vi llage, as well as many unmacried bers of the Association constructed an orphanage for the men who belonged to the Association. village and the surrounding area. Five yea rs later Father Because the Oschwalcl Brothers had been living in Oschwa ld completed a hospital just west ol: the orphan­ blockhouses about the village until this time, Father age. In 1871 , to complete the educational needs of the Oschwald turned his attention w the building of a mon­ village, Father Oschwalcl directed die building of a astery in 1862. One wing of the Loretto Monastery was seminary, which also served at times as a high school, completed by the end of the year, the basement and the cast of the Loretto i\llonastery. first Aoor out of stone, the other stories of brick, stuccoed on the outside. Y the time this last building was clone, Father Osch­ Members for both grou ps of the St. Nazianz Third B wa ld was over 70 years old , worn by a hard life of. Order of St. Francis came quickly at the Lime the con­ labor, directing and holding together at times by the force vent and monastery were built. Before a decade passed of his will the community his spirit had founded. Ar the close of the year, as had been his custom for a long time, Father Oschwald received the best wishes of his faithful associa tes before the high altar in St. Gregory's ( Church. At the close of the celebration he gave his usual to St. Gregory's Church, built from 1864 until 1868. address encourage his followers and to urge them to 29 The tombs of Father Oschwald: left, the original burial ploce under the oltor of the old St. Ambrose Church at the Loretto Monosh:ry; right, the mausoleum, built in 1926, where Father Osc,hwald's body rests beneath the shrine he built on Loretto Hill.

1hank God for all 1he beneli1s He had given them. /\ntoo I low true father Oschwald's words were was proverequiem Mass. Physically very weak, he arose again "If one beholds in a true light 1hosc who lh·e only for in the af1crnoon. to give the last blessing 10 the body 1heir own advan1age, one finds 1har 1hey 100 have 10 pu1 of Father A111on Reif, who had died on February 17. up wi1h much 1hat is unpleasnn1, )'es, of1cn very difficult. He also accompanied the body to the cemetery and there Therefore, my child ren, never forget 1hn1 we are only pi l­ for 1he l:1st time in a broken voice preached n touching grims on 1his earth and that rime is on ly given 10 us sermon on the shortness of life and its one purpose. Only to prepare ourselves for heaven. 01 herwise, I am, with with the grea test difficu lty could he offer the requiem only a few excep1ions, well-pleased wi 1h you, and if Cod high Mass on the following morning for another deceased gives us I li s grace, we can still do much good. As far member of the colony. After that he rerurncd to his as I am concerned, death will not come so soon. Bui if cleathbecl. Then he addressed words of , at times it were so cleciclecl from above, i1 will be all right with to the Brothers. at times to the Sisters, and blessed them us. We therefore hope tha1 every1hing goes well this year, with 1ha1 hand which during life had administered so and that we will all come one s1ep closer 10 hea,·en. /\gain many spiril ual and corporal bene6ts. let us put aside more and more of our faults and 1hus During the eight days he lingered, he often rcpcared grow more and more ripe for heaven. Of course, many 1he words, '0 lmita1c 1he clear Savior:· On the Inst nigh1 a one will not live to see the nex1 )'Car, bu1 that matters of his life he ~aid, "I hope for c1ernal happiness. for this nothing, for one has nothing 10 lose in this world. \Ne I worked all m)' life and I have sought 10 become more li ve only for Cod's glory. 1 now wan1 10 bless you all.., like the dear S:1vior.'0 30 In the morning of February 26 around eight o'clock death remarked that they were so edilled by his peace· Father Joseph Fessler was present when Father Oschwald ful expression that they could not look at him enough. exhorted Anton Stoll, bis faithful partner during all the That day his body was dressed in priestly and years of the founding and development of St. Nazianz, laid in state in the old St. Gregory Church f'or a day and to write to for him. Mr. Stoll asked that a night, while innumerable people kept vigi l by the body. Father Fessler write to the bishop since it would be more On the morning of February 28 tl1e Oschwald Sisters becoming that a priest write rather drnn a layman. Then came in great numbers, and in the body was Father Oschwald dictated a letter in which he recom­ moved into the 1I oly Ghost Chapel of the Pink Convent, mended that Father Mutz should be his successor. When where it lay in st.ate for thtee days nnd three nights. On the letter was done he added with a heavy beart, "He the morning of March 3, 1873, the body was carried is the best for you at this time." to the parish ch urch. There 12 priests conducted the During the whole week of Father Oschwald's final vigil of the Divine Office and the funeral Mass was ilJness his parishioners daily gathered in the church to offered. The priest recommended as his successor, Fr. pray for bis recovery. As the end drew near, more and Peter Mutz, delivered the funeral sermon. After the more came to the church beseeching Cod who dwelt in services the Oschwald Brothers and Sisters formed in long the ch urch above Father Oschwald's room d1at He might procession, the body was carried to the Brothers' Loretto spare their leader. Toward noon on the last day of his Monastery, and the corpse was placed in the crypt pre­ life Father Oschwald asked for pen and paper. Very pared For it under the high altar of St. Ambrose Church. weakly and with great effort he wrote clown the follow­ Herc Father Mut'l. offered another requiem high Mass ing admonition to be read to the congregation assembled for the repose of the of the dead priest. in the ch urch: "Dear children: I sha ll be dead by tonight or by tomorrow morning. Pray for me that I may have a INCE the tomb had not yet been built at the time of happy death. After my departure follow my advice and S Father Oschwald's death, his body had to be left obey my successor just as you have obeyed me and God in the coffin in view of all until a special vau lt could be shall bless you. Your suffering Father Oschwald." prepared. Hardly had it been completed when the con­ In the afternoon the pressure of crowds was so great crete arch colJapsed, and work had to begin agai n. Anton in front of Father Oschwald's dwelling that in single file Stoll remarks, "lt seemed to me it was decided from above they had to be lee into the sickroom where he gave his that the corpse of the pious sufferer should not so soon be blessing. And this continued on into the night. put into the hiding place." On April 29, in the presence Not only the inhabitants ol' the vi llage but also farmers of Father Mutz and some of tl1e Oschwald Sisters he from the neighborhood-everyone lcfr their work. Ghil· opened the coffin. They all witnessed that there was a dren as wel l as the aged wept and prayed almost without growth of beard on the corpse and that the fingernails as interruption for the dying priest. well as the hair on the sides of the head had grown again. That evening around seven o'clock he said, "I have As they washed his face, it took on a more and more yet JO hours to live." During the night, about two o'clock. natural complexion; only the eyes of the dead man re­ Anton Stoll thought he was suffering the death agony. mained sunken. Even the sk in on the considerably bald Moving to the bed he looked closely a t the suffering head of Father Oschwald appeared as the skin of a living priest, on ly to have Father Oschwald open his eyes and person. An earnest but unsuccessful effort was made to say, "lt is not yet time." detect an odor of corruption about the corpse. Though Father Oschwald suffered acutely fron1 pncu· Th is was the same appearance tha t the body of Father monia, his face was still serene in suffering, blooming OschwaJd had from the time of bis death. On the day and as it were youthful again. Never did impatient words before Father Oschwald's funeral a judge from Manito· come From his mouth during the whole time of his sick­ woe, not a Ca tholic, had viewed rhe body in the Holy ness. During all that time his only words were prayers Ghost Chapel. When he had called Anton Stoll aside, or instructions to his spiritual children. For example, he told him that the colonists shou ld not bury it, for the "Carry on everything as in the past. Hemember that you man was not really dead, but merely lying in a trance; too will come to where I am now. Bear no hatred in your they had to prove to him that Father Oschwald was really heart. 1 also tolerated none." dead. Ma ny wbo viewed the corpse at that Lime and later Anton Stoll records : "A number of times, I have ob­ sa id they had never seen such a corpse. served that he, with dosed eyes, when there was no one Fina ll y the burial va ult was completed to satisfaction, else in the room but 1 alone, would extend his hands and 63 days after his death, on Apri l 30. the coffin con· in blessing, and then with his hand, signal someone taining Father Oschwald's body was finally closed. Then away, and yet I saw no one in the room.'' the casket was placed in the tomb and the vault sea led. After th e sufferer lingered through the night, death Herc Father Oschwald lay until October 4, 1926, finall)' came for him quietly at seven o'clock in the morn­ when his remains were transferred to a new stone mauso­ ing on February 27, 1873. There was no struggle, and b1111 below Loretto F!ill. Not. only the local health officer, death left his face with an expression of transfigured Dr. L. W. Gregory. and those who did the actual work charm and peaceful rest. Many who beheld his face in of transference saw the body but also many Salvatorian

31 priests and Brothers, the Sisters, and some of the stu­ convey and bequeath torever, after my death, all goods dents. As they viewed the remains through a glass over and houses which I have caused to be built for the asso­ the top of the casket, they noticed that not only the ciation, and also all the lands which are deeded to me and vestments but also the body itself stiU retained its shape recorded in my name, to the association of St. Nazianz, tlwugh the skin had become shriveled and sallow in color. under the only conditions that the association as such, This made a special impression since during the 53 years consisting of the brothers and sisters, shall pay those all the iron parts on the coffin had rusted and fallen debts that stand against my name. away. "Should the brothers and sisters wish to have their Shortly. before noon on this October 4, the body was share of the lands separate, then the division shall be carried to Loretto HiU. Before it was placed in the new made according to the number of inmates of the houses. tomb, Father Sturmius, of the seminary, -say about one-third part to the brothers in the house of sprinkled it with and offered a few prayers for Loretto and two-third parts for the sisters in house of the the repose of the soul of the courageous founder of St. Holy Ghost. Nazianz. Then the workmen placed the coffin in the "Should it ever occur that the association wants to dis­ tomb and with brick and mortar sca led in its final resting solve itself and disband, then those persons who have con­ place the body of Father Oschwald, where under ordinary tributed money, or their heirs, should be reimbursed first. circumstances it will remain until it rises again on the The residue should be used to pay the other members of last day. the association for their labor as far as it goes. His grave became a place of daily pilgrimage for the "For the administration of the property of the associa­ weary and disheartened settlers. They continued until tion after my death, a commiuee shall be put in power, the end of their days to go to their "father" in all their which committee shall scrupulously take care that the needs. Now when practically everyone who knew Father administration is a good one and that the above named Oschwald is dead, his va ul t, transferred now to Loretto purposes, as far as possible, may be attained as good as I Hill, is still visited by descendants of the early settlers would have done myself. and they are solicitous for its upkeep. "I select as members of thjs conunittee of admjnistration Many newspapers throughout the country, especially mv successor in office as chairman; further, Anton Stoll, German newspapers, cauied a long account of Father Jo"hann George Soemer and Carl Manzins; of the sisters, Oschwald's death. Here is an excerpt from the Baltimore first those that will be appointed as superior; second, Chronicle for March 15, 1873. "Now the noble, ever­ Helena Klausman, Annastasia \Villmann and Anna Sil­ active priest, who in his troublesome and thorny lifetime berer. If one or the other of these members should die, never had rest and would never grant himself any, finds then the Association shall elect another member and so rest in the grave. Mild, good, unselfish, pious, self-sacri­ on as long as the association exists. licing as he was, he always sought to advance God's ''There may be changes in these rules after due consid­ honor and the salvation of the souls of his fellowmen, and eration. I, the undersigned, being in sound mind at the he sacrificed and consumed his life in his service of time, have with my own hand subscribed this my last God and mankind. Ever charitable and sympathetic to­ will, testament and conveyance of the goods above ward the poor, oppressed and tl1ose suffering want, in the named. kindness of his heart he gladly received the forsaken and ( Signed.) Ambrose Oschwald. rejected, gave them hospitality and a livelihood and in Written at St. I azianz, the 6th day of Aug., 1867. general through Christian charity helped every man in ''The above instrument, consisting of one sheet, was need- friend as well as foe- although his extraordinary as­ signed, published and declared by the said testator, Am­ sistance was abused by the recipients or rewarded with rose Oschwald, to be his last will and testament, in the gross ungratefulness or dissipation and prodigality. lll­ presence of us who have signed our names, at his request, will, hatred or enmity toward his fellowmen he did not as witnesses, in his presence and in the presence of each know; he was devoted to every man with benevolence and other. charity.... May his memory be blessed!" Conrad Moerchen, His last words to his spiritual children and parishioners J. Lawrence Neumann" were the words of his last will and testament, a will that was perfectly in keeping with the generous, self-sacrific· Thus, as his body had been committed to the grave ing life he had always lived. and his sou l had gone before God's judgment and to "It is my will that the association which l have founded God's reward, the last material posse.~sions of the founder at St. Nazianz, Manitowoc county, State of , of St. Nazianz were disposed of. All that remained to shall exist for hundreds of years to come after my death, him was the happy memory of his spiritual children and and shall, by the blessing of Cod, do good to His glory remembrance of generations to come who and the welfare of mankind, more especially for schools, would live in the village he had founded. And not only also for widows and orphans as it is prescribed by our of them, but through the nation and even the world statutes for the sick and destitute, to the best ability of who would draw from the fonts of religion and learning the association. For this purpose and end I give, devise, that had their beginning in St. Nazianz.

32 One need only recall the vexations which the and the priest­ hood had to endure at the hands of the Protestant government at Carlsruhe, the conflicts for the Church, the ill-fated revolu­ tion of 1848 and the consequent occupation of the land by Prussian troops . . . From the Chronicle of Anton Stoll

It is my will that the Association which I have founded at St. Nazianz ... shall, by the blessing of God, do good to His glory.... From the Last Will and Testament of Father Oschwald ,. ' ) >!"i!4 ~ ., .. .

' .,.' '"' l-IE main reason wh~ Fa th e~ ? schwald and . the ings, crutches, and canes bore testimony to the many T other members of lus Association chose to leave favors that had been received there. their fatherland was that they might find freedom About this time the colonists made plans for a new to practice the Catholic religion as th ey wished. \Vith church. The work began early in the spring of 1864, and this in mind it is not surprising that one of the fi rst by June 9, when he came to administer Confi rmation, things the settlers did on arriving in the wilderness was Bishop John Martin Hcnni of Milwaukee was able to to erect a cross. T hen within a month's time they began lay the cornerstone. T he site selected for the church was to build a church. on the west end of the settlement. On Fcbrnary I, 1866, Together with Father Oschwald, Jacob Durst, ll car­ an agreement was signed by Father Oschwald in the penter by trade, was the architect and builder of the name of his Association with the outsiders, those who church. Under his direction the other settlers became were not members of the colony in any way. For some experts in cutting wood. After the wood had been cut, time it seems semiment developed for a more active the hardest task stiU lay before them - transporting the sharing of che rights and responsibilities of parish life wood to the site of the new church. Since they had not only on the part ol: the AssociMion but also on the neither horses nor cattle the men themselves had to pan of many Catholics from adjacent areas who at­ carry the long beams; sometimes it took sixteen men to tended church in St. Nazianz and received spiritual carry one beam from the woods to the church. But so ministrations from Father O schwald. The latter too eagerly and so zealously did the settlers work, that dur­ wanted a voice in church affairs. ing the first 12 hours of labor they had ca rried 20 of the Ac a parish meeting after previous discussion these immense beams to the site of the church. latter signed a building contract with the pastor. By the The plan called for the building to be a two-story terms of this contract Father Oschwald undertook the structure 32 feet long by 24 feet wide. T he upper story building of the church, as discussed and agreed, and was to contain the church proper, the lower part was to promised to complete it in three successive years, name­ be Father Oschwald's dwelUng. ly 1866, 1867, and 1868, at a cost of SI 1,000. He de­ Before October was half over, the church was well ducted $1000 as the Association's share beside the labor on its way to completion. Enough of the building was in actual construction; thus, $10,000 remained for the standing by that time so that Father Oschwald could parishioners to pay in three install ments over the follow­ offer the holy sacri6ce of the Mass for the first time in ing three years. This agreement was immediately signed St. Nazianz. On day the first high Mass was by Father Oschwald and the three parish trustees, Anton offered after the building had been completed. Some Stoll, Frank Schwab, and Amon Schad. T he trustees years later it was enlarged by the addition of a wing at immediately went to each individual who wanted to be­ right angles to the main body of the church. Here the come a member of the parish and collected the vol untary people of the colony gathered daily for their morning contributions they wished to make toward building the and evening prayers, for the community recitation of the church. This collection resulted in a sum slightly over rosary, and above all for the daily offering of the holy $7000 being signed and pledged payable during the next of C hrist, our priest and our victim. three yea rs. In the first years of the colony's existence perhaps, al­ The work on the church went rather slowly because though there is no record of this, Father Oschwald it was not conscructed of logs and lumber, but was to be erected a shrine for the Mother of God which has al­ a durable building of huge fi eld stones sunk in solid ways been a favorite spot for the people in St. Nazianz. masonry. The length of che church was to be 120 feet, On the ,highest hill to the south of the block houses and not including the vestibule or tower base, and the width St. Gregory's Church the village founder cut a niche in was to be 55 feet. The height of the church bell tower a giant linden tree and here placed a statue of the from the ground to the top of the spire was to be 148 feet. Madonna and her child. In 1868 the structure was completed and dedicated by About ten years after this, perhaps in the cyclone of Bishop H enni on November IO. T he cost ol: the high July 8, 1862, recorded in the Chronicle, this shrine was altar in fu ll was $547.67; this cost was covered th rough destroyed when rhe mighty wind uprooted the tree. At special donations. Alois Goetz received $237. 12 for all any rate, sometime in 1863 on the site of the uprooted the work on the altar, while Peter Scharding, his helper, tree Father Oschwald put up a pedestal and placed upon received a round sum of $100.00. All these items are it the statue of our Lady of Loretto encased in glass. recorded in detail in the parish book. Even the cost of Already by this time Loretto Hill had become famed as each individual item is listed there. For example, the a place of pilgrimage as che large number of votive offer- total expense for wood for the altar is $30.65. H ardly had chis structure been completed when Father Oschwald began work on another building, obviously ( very dear to his heart. Shortly before this another gale had snapped a limb from the branch of a tree and The interior of St. Gregory's Church: top, before smashed the case in which the statue of our Lady was it wos remodeled in 1926; the church, much as it is today, after the 1926 renovation of the interior. enshrined on Loretto Hill. The statue itself was not 35 harmed. T o gh·e Mary a more worthy place of habi1mion 1873, he became past0r of St. Gregory's parish and the and beuer protection the colonists began to build a small official successor of Father Oschwald as president of the chapel ( the northern half of the pr~nt edifice) in the J\ssociation. fall of 1870. Wi1h great ceremony Fa1her Oschwald, at­ One of tbe first things that Father l\lutz accomplished tended not only by the people or the village, bu1 also by in the parish for the glory of Cod was the placing of the many of Mary's devoices of 1bc surrounding area, en­ bells in che St. Gregory's tower. The three bells there shrined 1he beloved statue of our Lady of Lore110 in 1hc were case in 1873 by the Stuckstede Brothers of St. Louis, new chapel. With thjs new impetus devotion to our . The pattern weight oF 1he bells is as follows: the Lady of Loretto increased so much that in a short lime large bell weighs 1800 pounds, the middle bell weighs the small chapel was no longer able to contain the 800 pounds and the small bell 600 pounds. When the people who came there. Therefore, in 1872 building bells were installed in the church tower in 1874, the was again begun on Lorello Hill to enlarge the chapel, pa rish record shows that the total cost for the bells and and the M>uthern part of the present structure was built labor was Sl,497.74. and surmounted with a small belfry and bell. After a \.Vitbin the first year of Father IVlutz's aclmjnistra1ion permanent altar had been installed in the chapel Father another great accomplishment was the paying off the Oschwald offered Holy !'vlass there on the feast of the total indebtedness or St. Gregory's Church. Though there birthday of our Lady, September 8, and dedicated it to sti ll remained unpaid notes from the congregatjon to the her. From this time on, it became a custom in the village Oschwald Association to the sum of $629.00 the parish for Mass to be offered there on Mary's fcas1days and record records: "On July 14, 1873, the parish trustees of also on many Saturdays throughout th e year. This was St. Gregory's Church at St. Nazianz have made the last one oF the last works of Father Oschw;1 ld, for less than payment of $192.00 to Heverend Peter Mutz and Anton six months later he was dead. Stoll according to the co111 rnct ol' the church constitution between the congregation and the deceased Rev. Ambrose ISHOP I lenni readilv acceded to 1he recommenda­ Oschwald. I lercwith $1. Gregory parish bas fulfilled B tion of th e founder of St. Nazianz tha1 his protege, the contract in full and from above date neither the par­ Father Pe1er tVlutz, should be the man to succeed him ish to the Association nor the Association to the congrega­ as pastor of St. Gregory's Congregation and as the new tion has to pay anything, except the pastor's salary which prcsiclem of the Oschwald Associatjon. Peter Mutz had the congregation must pay the pastor from the first or been born of non-CathoUc parents on December 15, 1840, May, 1873.'' The unpaid notes were absolved within in Duerrenmettstenen, Wuerttemberg, Germany. \.Vhen seven months as the parish record records: 'This sum of he was 20 years old he came to the LI nited Srntes and $629.00 was paid in full on January 14, 1874, so that Si. settled in Sr. Louis. Shortly after his arrival he became Gregory's parish had paid up all debts due the Associa­ sick with cancer, and on one of his tours Father tion for the construction of the church. St. Nazianz, Jan­ Oschwald met him in St. Louis. After he had cured uary 14, 1874. (Signed) Peter Mutz". him, Father Oschwald brought Peter Mutz back to St. However, as was to be expected in the course of human Nazianz, gave him convert instructions, and received him affairs, everything did not run as smoothl y For the suc­ into 1he Church. Filled with gratitude to his benefactor cessor of the founder of the village of St. Nazianz. The and with happiness in his new-found faith, Peter at once first djfficuJty that arose was with the members of the began to study for the priesthood in the first school of St. Oschwald Association itself. Early in his tenure as presi­ Nazianz, the two-story log cabin structure near the Holy dent of the Association Father Mutz had found it nec­ Ghost Convent. When he had completed his primary essary to make certain changes in the order of the day of training there he attended St. Lawrence College, Mount the religious communities or Brothers and Sisters. Among Calvary, Wisconsin, and finally for his major seminary these things he advised 1hat because of the ha rd labor training, St. Francis Seminary near Milwaukee. they performed dail y, they discontinue the recitation of He was ordained to the priestl1ood on December 18, the Divine Office in German. Though well-meaning and I 869, and celebrated his first Mass in St. Gregory's church certainly obed ient in most instances, the Brothers and on Christmas Day, 1869. For the first year ol' his priest­ Sisters could not see why this advice was given. They be­ hood he was assigned as assistant pastor at St. Joseph's came discontented with the order, and in the encl for th e parish in Milwaukee. On January 9, 1870, he became sake of peace were allowed to continue as before. pastor at Schlcissingcrville (Slinger). On March 13, But this difference was but a ripple on a stream com­ pared to the great tempest that was soon to arrive. Throughout the twent}' years of the colony's existence < immigrants had joined the colony for a time who did not The development of the Loretto Chape l: lop row, share at all the religious spirit of the original settlers. To left, the original shrine ..t abli1hed by Father the great joy of all, these people usually did not remain Oschwald in 18SS; center, the second shrine, dating from 1863; right, the northern half of t he long; however, some seemed in a short time to become present structure, erected in 1870; middle, the one heart and one mind with the members of the Associ­ chopcl ofte r it wos enlarged in 1872; bottom, the shrine to our Lady of Loretto as it oppcors today. ation and remained mtachetl to it. Before long, however, 37

The Oschwold Brothers with Fother Epiphonius Deibefe, center, on the occasion of the golden iubilee of St. Nazianz:. At Fath er Epiphonius' right hand is Brother John Gramlich, the last superior of the Oschwold Brothers. The other ore, back row, left to right: Brother Michoel Schneider, Brother Joseph Holmer, Brother Wenzel Moro•ch, Brother Aloi• Anholt, Brother Joseph Gramlich (Eselteamstcr), Brother Thomas Arnold and Brother Joseph Hein; middle row:: Brother Anton Licsbcrgcr, Brot,hcr Anton Winkler, Brother Luke Sohn, Brother Virgil Heitzmann, and Brother Mortin Focrnbochcr; front row: Brother Peter Goetter, Brother Wendel GroH, Brother John Menke, Brother Jocob Wolter, Brother Xovier Woelfle (shoemaker), ond Brother John Long. some of these same individuals became dissatisfied with the work they had done over a period of time. Some de­ the way th ings were managed, especia lly in regard to lin­ manded such an exorbitant amount that the colony would ancial affairs. During the lifetime of Father Oschwald, have been ruined had 1hc Association been forced to pay Faced wi th his courage and indomitable will, they dared them. ~! h en the malcontents 61ed suit aga inst the Associ­ not complain, but with his dearh they began looki ng for ation in the court of Manitowoc, the members of the col­ an opportunity to attack the t\ssocia tion. <.my immediately organized r.hemselves into a corporation Shrewdly taking advantage of their opportunity. they which they called the Religious Society attacked the last wi ll and testament of Father Oschwald. of Sr. Nazianz. This document was properly witnessed and signed, bu t Alchough some, heeding the pleas of the members of since through some oversight rhe Association had never the Association, dropped the su it agai nst the colony and been legally incorporated in the State of Wisconsin, it settled matters in a peaceful way, even though they sep­ did not exist before tbe law. Therefore, when Father arated from it they rema ined friends with them. Others Oschwald willed to the Association the property he held continued to press the suit For a period of ten years. The in the name of the AssOci(1tion it was as if he had willed court hearings demanded that the representatives of the it to no one. T he legall y non-existent Associa tion of Oseh­ Association make frequent trips 10 Manitowoc, of1 cn on wald Brothers and Sisters was not able 10 receive the foot aod through deep snow. Finally the probate O>urt property wi lled to it. The discontcn1cd parties contesicd handed down the decision that the claimants were en­ the will in court, and the court properly ruled that it was titled to their original contribution only and that the null and void. Association owed them not hing in wages. Sti ll they Then these malcontents, thinking of separating from pressed the suit and appealed to the Circuit O>urt. T his the Association, began to demand not on ly the portion cou rt eventually upheld the fi rst decision, and thus a that they had contributed to the original fund upon join­ long period of lega l warfare ca me to an encl. ing with Fa ther Oschwald. but also asked for wages for Though rh e number of members incorpora ted in the Association was beginning 10 dwindle, progress in che ( village did not cease. For instance, in the year 1876-77 tl1e Chrisrian Mothers paid 5280.48 for the erection of the Father Peter Mutz, succ.essor of Father Oschwald. Blessed Virgin Mary's alcar in St. Gregory's Church. At 39 '· ... .,,rlJ

• the same time individ ual contributions listed in the parish niche hewn in a large li nden tree. However, one of the paid the t0tal expense of $280.48 for St. Joseph's l-lussites, a man named Etibor Krcma saw where the altar. T he parish record book also lists the offerings for Catholics had hidden their statue, stole secretly from the the purchase of stoves for the church at a cost of $107.75. place and removed it. In an effort t0 destroy the image Also ennumerated are contri butions for the rectory which he struck it on tl1e head with his sword. But the unex­ was erected in 1876. Jn 1884 another major building pro· pected happened, for immedfately blood Sowed in a great jeer was undertaken, and the St. Gregory's School was stream from the gash whicb the sword had cut in the face erected in that year. of the statue. T horoughly frightened he took the statue T he year 1889 was a year of great loss to the colony. tO a nearby pond and there attempted to sink it, but al­ For at that time Father Oschwald's right-hand man in ways the statue would float again to the surface, its face tlie founding and in the early development of the colony streaming with blood. Desperately he Oed from the place died. Anton Stoll was one of the six men who had 6rst but to his amazement, on passing the place where the come to the wilderness purchased by the Oschwald As­ statue had been hidden, he saw it standing there once sociation. From the very beginning he had kept a faithful again, its face still covered with blood. Overcome with chronicle of all that occured in the village and contin· sorrow and remorse, the vandal dropped to his knees, beg­ ued it until two years before his death, 1887. And d uring ging heaven's forgiveness for his sacrilegious action. A all those years this well educa ted man was the general changed man, he returned to the vill age and spent the manager and the overseer of the community in all tem­ remainder of his li fe as sacristan of the parish church, poral, financial affairs. T he long, legal struggle after the where he could venerate constantly the Mother of God. death of Father Oschwald fell for the most part upon his W hen the Hussite persecution had ended, as all per­ aged shoulders and faithful to the end, he made innum· secutions must, the people of Loucim and the surround· erable trips to Manitowoc which the case dernanded and ing country built a large church on the spot where the saw the hearings t·hrnugh to the successful conclusion. great manifestation had taken place. In a short time the According to the tax assessments and payment at the fame of the church and of the image of Mary that stood time of the Anton Stoll's death the total val uation of enshrined there spread into the far corners of Bohemia. the land holdings of the Oschwald Association in the The glorious shrine was subsequently called by the name Town of Liberty and in the Town of Eaton amounted to it has retained even to modern times, Ne·ukirchen-Heil­ $33,890.00; personal property valuation totaled $8,000.00 genblut, the New Church of the Sacred Blood. and together a total valuation of $41,890.00. ln 1890 the One devotee of the Mother of Goel and her famous Association had left only about 1500 acres or the 3840 shrine at Loucim in the middle of the nineteenth century acres they had orginally purchased. Many of the best was a young man named Lax. After immigrating to Amer­ parcels of land had been sold to individuals and famil ies ica, Lax with his young family settled down outside the after the death of Father Oschwald. village of St. I azianz. In the early 1870's he fell gravely ill . Convinced that his life was drawing to a close, he re­ BOUT this time another structure to the honor of called the goodness of the patroness of the ancient Bo­ A God and good of souls was becoming known far hemian shrine. Im ploring her intercession, he vowed to and wide around St. Nazianz. T his was the Lax C hapel erect a small chapel in her honor if he should be restored which even today ca lls many -people for the annual cele­ again to health and be spared for the sake of his family. bration on July 4. lnunediatcly his condition began to improve, and to the T he actual history of the founding of this chapel goes surprise of his family and friends he q uickly and wholl y back many centuries, even to the fourteenth century in recovered from his sickness. Not forgetti ng his promise, Bohemia. At that ti me in the little town of Loutim on he immediately set to work to construct a tiny chapel. ·the Bavarian border the simple peasants centered their \i\lhen the small structure was completed in I 875, he devotion around a shrine dedicated to tbe Mother of placed in it a replica of the image in the famous shrine God. There they prayed before a special image of Mary. in his native Bohemian town. Rapidly the shrine grew Then heresy came to Bohemia under the leadership of famous in the wilderness of W isconsin, and Mass was John Huss. Abetted by tbe leaders of the State the here­ offered freq uently, especially on the Feast of the Visita· tics began a persecution of the lower classes. It carried tion, July 2, when pilgrims came, not only from the vil­ even to the small village of Loucim. Knowing that they lage of St. Nazianz but also from the surrounding coun­ were unable to withstand overwhelming numbers, the try, to join wi th the Lax family in honoring the Virgin. villagers moved the statue from the shrine, carried it to a As the nineteenth century drew to a close the Lax chapel sheltered spot in the nearby forest, and concealed it in a was well established as a well known sluine in this dis­ trict of Wisconsin. But as the century drew to its dose matters were not ( going too weU for the Association. Its ranks depleted by the death of 105 members d uring tl1e past quarter Lox chopel, southwest of the village, after it was of a century since the death of Father Oschwald, the enlarged in 1910. The inset pictures the interior of the chapel with the famous statue above the altar. Association faced extinction because no new members 41 The founder of the Society of the Divine Savior himself, Father Fronds Jordon, left, led the first Solvotorions to St. Nazianz in 1896. Below, the Solvotorion community ot St. No1.ionz in 1901 : seated, left to right, Father EuJtoce Gae•lich, father Epiphonius Dcibele, Father Hermon Rogicr, ond Father Sturrnius Ho ertl; standing, Brother Arscnius Wehrle, Brother Monsuc tus, Brother Rogerius, Brother Candidate Volentine, Brother Florinus Amrhein, Brother Arcodius Tittclboch, ond Brother Al.. ius Berger. The building iJ the old 0 Jchwold Se minary. were joining it. Together they discussed the matter, and On August 11 the /\rchbishop and Father Jordan re· all expressed the wish that they salvage something in a turned to St. Nazianz. On the following clay a meeting material way from all the arduous labors they had known was held with the members of the Oschwa ld Association. in this wild portion of \;\Tisconsi n for the honor and glory There it was agreed that the Society ol: the Di vi ne Savior of Goel. And these rugged Catholics wished at least that would assume the obligations of the spiritual and tem­ what they had begun could be carried on wi th the same poral ca re of the members of the Association, and in re· spirit hy others. turn wou ld receive an immediate grant of 240 acres of land. It was further agreed that later on the whole prop· T the beginning of 1896 Fa ther Louis Barth, who erty of the Association would become the property of the A had lived in St. Nazianz during his youth and stu­ Salva torian Fathers. died in the Oschwald Seminary, ca lled 10 the attention Father Jordan took possession of the old seminary build­ of the members of the Association a pamphlet concerning ings near the Loretto Monastery of the Oschwakl Brothers the Society of the Divine Savior. Father Barth had on the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, learned of the Salvatorians through tbc Sisters of the Augusr 15, ca lling it the Salvatorian College of St. Naz· Divine Savior who the year before had begun working ianz. Two days later, after appointing Fatl1er Epiphanius in Milwaukee. as supefior of the new foundation of his society, Fa ther Because of the same conditions that had brought about Jordan departed for Europe. Before his departure Father the emigration of the Oschwalcl Association to the United Peter Mutz presented Fa ther Jordan with a pu1·se of 6ve States of America, Father Francis Jordan had been in­ hundred dollars. spired to found the Society of th e Divine Savior in Rome The first superior of St. Mary's College at St. Nazianz in 188 1. In the 15 years since its beginning the Society set to work irnmccliately to improve the holdings that the had grown rapidly and al ready was well established in Salvatorian Fathers had received. In tbe year after his Eu rope. arrival he laid the plans for the present St. Ambrose The colonists took the matter to the Most Reverend Church. T he large gothic strncture was completed in Frederick Xavier Katzer, Archbishop of Milwaukee. On , 1898 and has served a grea tly expanded cornmunjty of their beha lf he wrote to the founder and superior general Fathers, Brothers, and students un til this present centen­ of the Salvatorians in Home, Father Francis Jordan, S.D. nial year, when it is being en larged by adding part of S., on March 8, 1896. I le wrote: 'There is a congregation Father Oschwalcl's 6rst St. Ambrose Church. of laity here who call themselves Brothers and Sisters and A week after Fa ther Jordan had left St. Nazianz, on most of whom arc already very old ..These Brothers and August 24 three Sisters of the congregation he had Sisters own about 1,500 acres of land and have a capital founded - Sister Lioba, Sister Leonarda and Sister Anna of about $40,000. They wish to take steps to see to it that - came to take charge of the Oschwa ld hospital. At tbc the intentions and purpose of the foundation of the late general annual meeting of the Oschwalcl Association in Father Oschwald may endure . . . . The members want April, 1897, f.ather Peter Mutz declined re-election as to be united with your society, at first onl y so that the prcsidem of the Association and Father Epiphanius Dei­ members of your society become members of this Congre· clele, S.D.S., was elected in his stead. Brothers John gation - later the whole property would pass into the Gramlich and Alois Anhalt and Sisters Victoria Sonner hands of the Society in order there to continue the work and Helen Klausmann were chosen as directors. of the late Oschwa ld. It wou ld take us too far afield here On August 30, 1899, Father Mutz resigned his task w enter into deta ils regarding the circumstances. If you because of broken health. "From this post I have with­ have a mind to accede to the plan, the people desire that drawn as invalid," he wrote when submitti ng his resigna­ you come you rself, that you yourself look over everything tion. His leaving the parish rectory necessitated the pur­ and discuss matters with tliem. T he directors of the con· chase of more forniwre and the congregation paid $218.· grega tion are willi ng to pay the expenses of your jour· 00 to furnish the house for the new pastor. ney .... " Along with this letter came another from Archbishop Katzer appointed Father Leonard Blum to Father Louis Barth, together with a bank note for one succeed Father Mut.G as pastor of St. Gregory's parish. thousand dollars. During his adm inistration the organ now used in St. In reply Father Jordan wrote he would come as soon as Gregory's Church was purchased. In the parish books are business affa irs in Europe allowed him to. On July 22 listed in dera il the donors and the amounts ~ hey contrib­ Father Jordan set out with Father Epiphani us Deibelc, uted for the organ. A competent organ-maker, L. Schaefer . Father Herman Rogier, Brother Rogerius, and Brother oF Schleissingerville, had inspected the old orga n and de­ Candidate Hoerl. After arriving in New York in August, clared it not worth repairing. He offered to build a new they set out immediately for Milwaukee, reaching that one for twelve hundred dollars which he guara nteed live ci ty on August 4 at 2 a.m. \Vithout delay they traveled years for the workmanship and fifteen years for the ma­ on to Sr. Nazianz, where Father Jorda n was received with terial. At a meeting on July 15, 1902, it was decided to great rejoicing. On that day he looked over the colony give him the order for the new organ. and then returned to Milwaukee to take counsel with the The half-century mark in the history of St. Nazianz Archbishop. came in 1904. A grand celebration was carried out and 43 tbe occ:isfon was honored by the presence of the !\'lost raised the wall. The eventful year of 1909 brought not Re,•ercnd Sebastian i\lessmer, Archbishop of Milwaukee; only completion or the four-story structure and its dedi­ the Most Reverend Joseph Fox, Bishop of Green Bay; and cation by of Milwaukee, but also the the !\lost Reverend Frederick Eis, Bishop or l\l:in1ue11c, election of Father Epiphanius as the provincial of the Michigan. newly organized Anglo-American prO\•ince of the Society At a parish meeting ar the end of 1904 the congrega­ of the Divi ne Savior. In this year also the Oschwalcl As­ tion voted 10 replace the old roof on St. Gregory's C hurch sociation handed over its entire propert y to th e Society. with the best new red cedar shingles during the coming And during these years other Salva torian priests and summer. The parishioners also voted to provide cave Brothers had come from Europe to help in the new found­ gutters and two large cisterns, one on the southeast cor­ ation which was growing ra pidly in central \;l/ isconsi n. ner and the other on the northwest corner or th e parish T he community numbered fifteen: eight priests and seven church. At the same meeting it was decided that a fur­ lay Brothers. T here were in addition to Father Epipha n­ nace be placed in St. Gregory's C hurch. ius and Father Herman, Father Eustace Goerl ich, f.athcr In 1905 arter St. azianz and the whole of Manitowoc Sturmius H aertl, Father W ittig, Father County h:id been incorporated in the Diocese of Green H oess, Father Ignatius Bcthan, and Father Eliscus Cabel­ Bar after the erection of the diocese of Superior in the seder. In 1910 Father Odo Distel and Father Ludger summer of that year, the Most Reverend Joseph Fox ap­ Gloeggler came to America; in 191 1 Father Fintan Hoh­ proached the Salvatorian Fathers and asked them if they zknecht and Father Celestine Linz. And behind the would take over the admin istration of St. Gregory's pa r­ scenes were the fa it hful partners in C hrist's service: ish. Fa ther Epiphanius, S.D.S., readily agreed and Father Father Anatolius Heiss, Brother Nazarius Wallny. Herman Rogier, S. D.S., was appainted to succeed Father Brother Arcadius T i11cl b<1ch, Brother Florinus Amrhei n, Leonard Blum. Custom seemed to have it that the pastor Brother Arsenius W ehrle, and Brother Alexi us Berger. moving or retiring from the pa rish could take with him Father Michael Mocss, S.D.S., succeeded Fa ther I Jer­ all or at least a good deal of the rectory furnishings. man as pastor of St. Gregory's Parish at the end of Ad­ Therefore, one of the first things that focecl Father I Ice­ \'ent, 1909. A major change was made in the appearance man upon becoming pastor of St. Gregory's C hurch was of the church property during his administration when the furnishings of the rectory. The parish books list in de­ tbe parish \'Oted 10 cut away the huge, sloping terrace in tail the special free-will offerings with their donors front of the rectory and lay concrete steps to the lower amounling to $ 196.86 which were contributed for this balcony of the residence. In this period also the church cause in 1905 and 1906. steeple was repaired. In 1907 the members of the congregation suggested The 6rst Salvatorian Seminary in the United States, that it would be fitting for the parish 10 have on the called at times St. Mary's Coll ege, opened on October 21, church grounds a grotto in honor oF the Blessed Virgin 1909, with a d11ss of fourteen students. T he first novirnte Mary. T he exact records kept in the parish books show of the Salvatorians in this country was opened on De­ that Father Herman received special donutions of $92.50 cember 7, 1913, with Father Sturmi us as Master for this purpose. The grotto, still standing today, was and Brother Gordi an Jungwith as the 6rst nati ve Amer· built at the cost of $88.55; the remaining $3.95 was spent ican to wear the Salvatorian habit. N ine months later in th e purchase of three Rower pats, lawn seed, and two the first novice-students for the priesthood, eight in num­ rose bushes. ber, were invested with the distinctive Salvatorian relig­ ious garb. N the meantime the Salvatorian Falhers property south In February, 1912, Father Eustace Goerlich, S.D.S., I of the village had been growing apace. When work on became the sixth successor of Father Oschwald as pastor tbc new St. i\ mbrosc Church had been completed at the of St. Gregory's C hurch. In the lirst year of his adminis­ turn of the century, Fa ther Epiphanius had turned to tration the present Stations of the C ross were erected at the development of a farm. In 1904-05 ba rns and silos a cost of $380.00. T he specia l donations for this project, were e1·ectcd facing on present coumy highway /\. listed in the parish record book, amounted to $397.75. With this work completed, he turned to the task of en­ The balance over the cost of the Stations was placed in larging the monastery itself. T hrough four long yea rs the the general church fund. In 19 13 the Piela statue, the work went on. ·with little lay help the Fa thers and Blessed Virgin holding her Son after H e bas been taken Brotl1 crs manufactured brick, laid the foundation, and clown from the cross, was purchased and placed in the church. In fall of 19 16 th e board of trustees and consul­ tors engaged the f\ Janitowoc Rapids Light Company 10 install electricity in the church, school, rectory and Sis­ ( ters' house. In 1915 the Salvatorian Fathers began a work which, St. Ambrose Church, built in 1898 by the first Soh1otorions to come to St. Nazianz. Top, the besides its mai n purpose of spiritual profi t, was to be an exterior of the church; bottom, the interior of economic aid to the village. This was the establishment the church 25 yea" ogo, before renovation and the e nlorgomont taking place this cente nnial year. of the Salvatorian Fathers' Publishing Departmen t. T his 45 endeavor Aourished so well that hy 1920 a new building HE diamond jubilee of the founding of die village was erected on the seminary grounds to accommodate it. Tof St. Nazianz was the largest celebration Father Shortly al'tcr the silver jllbilce of the coming of the Oschwald's colony had ever witnessed. T he two-day fes­ Salvatorians to St. Nazianz the great day came on which tivities attracted lay and clerical guests from throughout the lirst Salvatorians were ordained in this country. The the state. The jubilee committee of William Dietrich, memorable and impressive ceremony took place in St. i\mbr,ose Eberle, Walter Kellenbenz, August Kuster­ Ambrose Church on J\ugust 28, 1921 , when the Most mann, and John Miller planned an attractive celebration Reverend Paul Peter Rhode, Bishop of Green Bay, con­ which proved to be an outstanding success. Generously fered the sacerdotal powers upon Father Simon Borkow­ the village surrendered the proceeds of the jubilee to the ski, Father Emmeran Weidinger, Father \IVilliba ld LI nger, building fund for tbe Salvatorian Seminary. Father Landelin C lass, Father Friedrich, and Father After a steam heating system had been installed in St. Winl'rid Herbst. Father Simon, Father Bede, and Father Gregory's School in I 930, the depression of the early Winfrid were the first American-born Salvat0rian priests. 1930's brought a halt to further developments in St. The th rec others had come from Europe to study in this Nazianz. Not until 1936 were more improvements made; country. then St. Gregory's Church was re-decorated and iis roof About this time, before the beginning of school in repainted. In 1938 the Salvatorian Fathers were able to 1920, the founder of the American motherhouse of the begin work on their long-planned new seminary building. Society of the Divine Savior, St. Nazianz, Father Epiph­ Bishop fihode dedicated the modern four-story brick anius Deibele, was appointed pastor of St. Gregory's structure, with accommodations for over 150 students, on Church. At the first parish meeting of his administration June 13, 1939. No sooner was this building completed the congregation voted to remove the grave frames from than work began in earnest on a new and larger building the cemetery and beautify it as a worthy resting place for the publishing department. In preparation for this of the fa ithful. The following year the annual meeting re­ move two immense barns had been constructed on the sulted in an appropriation of money for painting the Society's land north of the village. T he old farm buildings Sisters' house. near the monastery were demolished, the territory land­ \IVith the opening of the Salvatorian Seminary to stu­ scaped, and the foundation of the new publishing de­ dents for the diocesan priesthood as well as for future partment laid. Work was completed in late fall, and the Salvatorian priests, the need to expand the seminary fa­ building was dedicated on December 8, 1939. cilities became uncomfortably clear. After a committee of In spring, 1940, the 1wish purchased for $ 1,500 the Fathers had outlined a building program which would hujlding of the Catholic O rder of Foresters for use as a take care of the present requirements and of those likely parish hall. Two years later the congregation enlarged to arise in the next decades, tbe Salvatorian superior gen­ tbe school by adding on to rhe rooms on the south side eral approved the plan, aod Bishop Rhode of Green Bay of the structure and by building a basement; here indoor gave it his blessing and encouragement. washrooms were instalied. To raise the $3,000 which The work began in 1926 to remodel the basement of the project cost the parish agreed to an assessment of l:ivc the entire seminary building to provide adequate kitchen dollars for each family and of three dollars for each sing.le, and dining-room space for the large religious community. self-supporting member. Father Oschwald's body had to be removed from the During all these years si nce the beginning of Sr. Naz­ crypt under what had once been the St. Ambrose Chapel ianz two land-marks of the early days of the colony had sanctuary, to a mausoleum prepared for it below Loretto been left standing, the original St. Gregory's C hurch with Hill. Behind the seminary buildings the Fathers erected a Father Oschwald's living quarters underneath it, and large building which housed the power plant and laundry the Oschwald Sisters' Pink Convent. For a time they had on its l:irst l:loors and a Sisters' convent with a private been kept in repair and were visited by interested visitors chapel on the second Boor. On Thanksgiving Day, 1927, tO St. Nazianz. Finally, however, time and weather so the new gymnasium was opened for use. grievously took their toll that both buildings were fa lling At the same time the parish moved to carry out a plan to ruin, and were beginning to constitute something of begun two years before. The members of the congrega­ a hazard for inquisitive little children of the village. Be­ tion bad already made special donations so that the 60- cause of this both buildings were razed in 1949. In this yea r·old parish church could receive a complete remodel­ centennial year the vi llage erected an altar to commem­ ing and a steam heating system in 1926. Shortly aft.er morate t·he original struct1u·e on the si te of the old St. Father Fintan Holzknecht, S.D.S., succeeded Fa ther Gregory's Church. On the altar top of native stone, quar­ Epiphanius as pastor of the congregation in February, ried on the Farm of William Christel, stands the cross 1927, the parish approved work to repair or put a ?ew placed on the original St. Gregory Church I 00 years roof on St. Gregory's Church. ago. T he small platform before the altar is the doorstep trod upon for so many years by Father Oschwald as he entered and left his dwelling beneath the original church. ( After more than 22 years of Faithful service as pastor Father Finto n Halzknecht, pastor 1927- 49. of St. Gregory's Church Father Fintan received a succes· 47

VITAL CENTENNIAL STATISTICS

BAPTISMS BURIALS MARRIAGES Children Adulls Children Adults First 25 Years ...... 1,238 35 220 286 Second 25 Years ...... 924 16 135 360 Thfrd 25 Years ...... 825 7 76 253 Fourth 25 Years ...... 716 24 36 274 Totals ...... 3,703 82 467 1,173 863

sor. Father Frederick Dorn, S.D.S., was installed as lcadec have totaled: in 1950, $ 15,556.3 1; in 195 1, $46,969.23; in of the village congregation on the feast of the Apostles, 1952, $37,880.46; in 1953, $24,877.87 - for a total or St. Peter and St. Paul, June 29, 1949. over $125,000. At the same time they have contributed At the parish meeting on January 22, 1950, the parish $78,381.90 to the parish property maintenance fund from resolved to build a social centec. T o serve on the building 1949 until 1953 inclusive. comJnittee the)' selected Frank Bushman, Ambrose Eb­ With 1he approach of the one-hundredth anni versary erle, William G utman, Frank Heime rl, Nick Kleinhans, of the arrival of Father Oschwald's Association at St. John Schnettler, and Theodore Schuler. After much dis­ Nazianz plans were formed for a fitting celebration of cussion about a single-story parish social center at a cost the occasion. Rembert Broeckcrt was appointed president, of $85,000, the members of the congregation finally de­ and Hubert Gehrig secretary of a ten-man centennial cided to constcuct a two-story building at a cost of around committee in th e fall of 1953. The members of the dia­ $120,000. mond jubilee committee - William D ietrich, Ambrose Land on which to place the building was easily ob­ Eberle, Walter Kellcnbenz, August Kustermann, and tained, for hearing of the village congregation's plans, John Miller - wece honorary mcmbe1·s of the centennial the Salvat0dan Fathers offered to give all the vacant committee, and besides lending advice and direction to property east of the church, rectory, and cemetery for that the plans, actually performed invaluable services them­ purpose. The parish accepted the offer and registered the selves. deed to the land in the Manitowoc courthouse on Feb­ As the glory of God was the one ma in reason for the ru ary 2 1, 1950. The parishioners also approved the plan founding and settlement of St. Nazianz, so too was His tO run 270 feet of 30-inch culvert through the ravine on glory the main reason for tbe centennial commemoration. this land and improve the property tO provide parking Therefore, it was proper that His house should be taken and playground facilities, at a cost of $3,000. care of in a fitting way. Special attention was given to the When it developed out of meetings of the building exterior of 1hc church, which had not been repaired for committee that many of the members of the parish were some time. By individual donations the parishioners in favor of adding a new school to the plan for the social fi nanced the restoration and painting of the church spire center, a special meeting was called on March 28, 1951. and roof so that the church might be renewed for the Presented with the idea of the new school building the celebration which centered about it. The church grounds parishioners almost unanimously approved the addition. also were given special attention. The cost of the compact building was estimated al' $165,- 000. T HUS St. 1aiianz reaches its one·hundredth birthday. \Vork began in the early summer of 195 1 and pro­ No longer a wilderness, but a village boasting all the gressed rapiclll'· On February I 8, 1952, the parish auth­ conveniences of any modern twentieth-century town, still orized that $2,000 be spent on the drilling of a well and it retains the faith that founded it and kept it alive in hard the installation of a water pump system. By the spring times as well as in good. The exterior changes this spot of 1952 the building was completed. After presiding at in \.Visconsin has known; the material progress this speck graduation exercises at the Salva torian Seminary, Bishop in God's creaLion has made-these things matter little in Grellinger blessed the new stTucture on June 5, 1952. the sum of life's achievements, in the total of earth's time. The building h a~ proved to be a singular bles.,i ng to the What docs mailer, the one fact only, is that the spiritual, village and surrounding territory in many ways. Because supernatura l verities for which Father Oschwald and his of it business even has enjoyed a growth 1hat otherwise followers worked and endured so much should always would not have been. remain most important in the Ji ves or those who have The St. Gregory"s parishioners have performed an come into the inherita nce of those intrepid pioneers, the outstanding act in supporting the building fi nancially. For members of the Oschwa ld Association. The spiritual de­ the past four years contributions toward the building fund velopment the souls of men may attain; the supernatural growth Goers handiwork of man may earn- these are the measure of St. Nazianz's worth, the val ues of heaven's ( eternity. May God's glory be lirst in the village centennial Father Frederick Dorn, present postor. and throughout its history, as lt was in the colony"s birth. 49

OUR of the Salvamrian Fa thers who have served Lhe parish and. the community as pa~tor of St. FGregory's ° Church ha,·e been called by God in death. Pictured on the preceding page, they are, top left. Father Herman· ].ogieri riglu, Father Michael I loess; bottom lcfi, Father Eustace Goerlich; and. right. Father Epiphanius Oeibele. One of the fi rst th (ee Salvatorian Farlu.:rs 10 come w Sr. Nazianz, Father Herman Rogicr, S. D.S., was just two months a priest al tha1 ti me. I le had been born in Silesia in 1874, made his profession of in 1890, and after studying at 1he Gregorian Uni· versity in Rome and receiving degrees in philosophy and thcolog}', been ordained on June 28, 1896. I !is first work in /\mcrica was cooperation in the de,·elopment of the Salv:norian College and assistance 10 1he parish priests of the neighborhood. After his three years as pastor of St. Gregory"s Church bis superiors sent him to England in 19 10 10 adm inister the Sa lvatorian pari sh of Wea ld­ sronc, nc:1r London. Jn 1912 he returned lO the United States ~ nd served as chaplain to 1hc Frnnciscan Sisters of Christian Charity in their motherhousc at Alverno, Wisconsin, and as pastor of the pa ri sh church 1h ere. At 1hc beginning of the school year of 19 18 he cmnc to the Salva1orian Semi nary to teach dogmatic to the major sem inarians of the Socie1y. In February. 1924, he went back to his former work at Alvemo for live years Father Leonard Blum, pastor 1899-1905 before his death on February 21, 1929. Fnrher 1\lichad 1-loess, S.D.S., entered the Society of Alverno and pastor of the parish there; from 1912 until the Divine Savior in Rome in 1889, when he w;is only 1920 he was in charge of St. Gregocy's Church, and 15 years old. I laving professed the religious vows in 189 1 from 1921 until 192-1, of St. Martin's Church. Charles and earned a degree in theology after studies at the town. In 1924 he was placed in charge of the new Gregoria n U nivecsity, he was orcla inecl in 1897. After Salvatorian parish of Jorck111, Oregon, and worked dili­ six ye:irs of excellent service at the Sa lva torian Jn rlustrial gen tly there until his death, September 13. 1933. School in Switzerland, his su periors :issigncd him to The founder and first superior of rhe motherhousc or work in the United States. Mission work in German the Sa lwH01·ians in 1he U nitecl States, Father Epiphanius and Frcuch parishes first received li is a11 en1ion, and then Deibcle, S.D.S., was born in \,\/aeschenbeuren, Germany, he bccmne pastor of Holy Church in School on .i\hy 17, 1873. At the age of 17 he entered the So· I Iii! in 1906. and of St. Gregory's Church in $1. Nazianz ciety of the Divine Savior and profcssccl his religious in 1910. Election to the office of treasurer of the Salva­ vows in 1891. After studying at the Gregorian Uni\'ersity torian Seminary called him from his post in the village. and receiving a degree in law from the LI nil'ersity I le was anpointed again as pastor of the School Hill of Sr. Appollinaris, he w:is ordained on September 2 1. parish, :md despite thjs burden and his man y duties as 1895. When he h:1d completed another year of study, he ;1 at the seminary and to the prov incial, was came to Sr. Nazianz with the Founder of the Sa lvatorians, engaged in teaching the seminarians, at various times Fa thco· Francis Jordan, and within a month received holdi ng the positions of of studies, master of disci­ from him the appointment as superior of the new house pli ne nnd choi r director. In 1926 he was sent to ad· and from the bishop the assignment as pastor nt School minister die Sa l vatori ~ n parish in Shaw, Orei;:on. I le Hill. His years of building :1t St. Nazianz were rewarded died of cancer in Salem, Oregon, October 10, 1930. when he was elected the first provincial of the 11cw Farl1er Eustace C.ocrlich, S. D.S., was horn in Silesia Anglo-American province of the Sah-atorians in 1909. on August 15, 1870. When he was 21 yc.1rs old, he For the next JO years he held this imponant post, and joined the Society of the Divine Savior and made his with his leadership saw the you ng Society expand its religious proression in 1893. I-le also studied at the work. Then, after a yea r as pastor or St. Fidclis Gregoria n University and was ordainccl in Home, in Church, he became pastor of the St. Nazianz parish, and 1898. In 1901 he came to the llni1ccl Srn1cs to help in the filled that post For seven years. From 1927 until his dcvclop1pent· of the Sah-acorian Seminar)'. From 1905 demh he was pastor or St. Martin"s Church. Charlestown. until 1910 he was chaplai n for the Franc:iscan Sisters at His life of fruitful labor ended on November 6, 1936.

51 , • The eight priests who have assisted the pastor of St. November 10, 1894, to July 2, 1895, he was appointed Gregory's Church in its 100-year history are pictured pastor of St. Kilian, Wisconsin. above. They arc, left to right, in the top row: Father Father Michael Schmitz was born at Johnsburg, Wis­ Ferdinand Raess, Father Clemens Hahn, Father Peter consin, on January 31, 1870. His first assignment after Burelbach, and Father Michael Schmitz; in the bottom ordjnation was as assistant at St>. Nazianz from July row: Father Henry Blum, Father William Wolf, Father 15, 1895, to March 2, 1896. After serving in Burlington Joseph Moder, and Father Roger Miller, S.D.S. and Kiel for ten years, he was named pastor of Church. Oshkosh, in 1906. There he died on A Swiss, Father Ferdinand Raess. came to America, J anuary 7, 1947. in August 1867, after his . His first appoint­ Falher Henry Blum was born near Cologne, Germany, ments we1'.e at Ellenville, New York, until 1871, and in on October 28, 1864. F ive years after coming to this Covington, , until 1873. He then came to Wis­ country, he was ordained on June 24, 1896. He was consin and was appointed assistant pastor at St. Nazianz. assistant at St. Nazianz from March 7 to August 24, 1896. A year later he was pastor at St. Hubertus. He built the Born in Washington County on June 19, 1873, Father first church on Holy Hill. Afterward he was pastor of William Werner Wolf was ordained in July, 1896. His New Berlin and Leroy. The last years of his life he first post was al St. Nazianz Crom August 31, 1896, to spent at St. Nazianz in a home on the corner where October 27, 1898. Then he was at St. Wendel's parish. Hubert Gehrig now lives, and later at the Salvatorian Cleveland, Wisconsin, for seven years. Later he was Monastery in the Brotherhouse built by Father Osch­ stationed at Neosha, Clyman, East Bristol. aod St. J ames wald. He died on June 7, 1919, at the age of 88'h. Church in Madison. After retiring, he lived in Cleve­ Born in Germany, November 23, 1845, Father Clemens land for a year before his death there in 1937. Hahn came to St. Nazianz with the early settlers, re­ Father Joseph Meder was assistant at St. Nazianz ceived his preliminary training in the Oschwald Sem­ from October 8, 1898, to July 9, 1899. Af terward he inary, and completed philosophy and theology at St. moved to Canada. F'rancis Seminary, Milwaukee. After ordination on June Falher Roger Miller, S.D.S., was born in Oshkosh, 27, 1880, he was appointed assistant to Father Mutz. Wisconsin. January 19, 1916. Educated with the Salva­ In January, 1881, he became pastor of St. Lawrence, torian Fathers, he wa3 ordained on February 5, 1944, J eCferson, Wisconsin, where he died on December 6, 1882. and stationed at Salvatorian Seminary. While continu­ Father Peter Burelbach was born at Knowles, \Vis­ ing his work at the seminary, he was appointed to direct consin. on September 8, 1870, and was ordained on July youth activities in the parish in 1947-49. He is stationed 17, 1894. After serving as assistant at St. Nazianz from at present at Mother of Good Counsel parish, Milwaukee. 52 It is my will that the Association which I have founded at St. Nazianz ... shall, by the blessing of God, do good to His glory and the welfare of mankind, more especially for schools. . . . From the Last Will and Testament of Father Oschwald

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HE freedom that the colonists sought in coming to Charlesburg, Sister Francisca Heinefetter; at St. Eliza­ T r\merica was principally the right to practice their beth, Sister Magdalena Birkle; at Sherwood, Sister Vic­ religion and educate their children as they wished. toria Sonner; at Harrison, Sister Anna Stephan; at St. In Baden they had begun to feel already the restrictions \;\Tenzeslaus of Jefferson county, Sisrcr Barbara Gramlich; that would culminate in a few decades in the /folt-ur­ at St. Peter and Paul near Milwaukee, Sister Theresia kampf of Bismarck, which tried unsuccessfully 10 halt Volk; at Port Washington, Sister Francisca Emrninger; at completel)' all . Naturally, then, one Schleissingerville, Sister Helena Wochner; at Francis of t11e lirst things they did after they had settled in St. Creek, Sister Veronica M.ueller; at Euron, Sister Theresia Nazianz, was to build a school. The Family Record Book Buh. of St. Nazianz of 1855-56 indicates some 20 families In 1864 the first clish·ict or public school was built in with children had settled here already during the first St. Nazianz. T his school was located on the present site two years. This 6rst school, a two-story log cabin struc­ of the John Miller Hardware Store. As Norman ture, was situated a little southeast of the present St. 'v\/ernecke narrates in the Centennial History of tl·ie Mary's Convent and the former Holy Ghost or "Pink" Manitowoc C01111ty School Districts and Public School Convent, near the present Coltnty Highway A and the Syst.eu1, "Former pupils remember the school before it erson living within a radius of 50 or more miles received different school building. Having already experienced his education from these pioneer teachers of the colonists. that some of their numbers would be called to the priest­ Some of the Oschwald teachers who taught in various hood, the Association set about building a seminary in schools of the district are the following: at School Hill, 1871. Earlier, for the seminary training of Father P. A. S ister Anna Silberer; at St. Fidclis, Sister Euphrosina Schumacher and Father Peter Mutz., training had been Schremp; at St. Wendel, Sister Helena Stoll ; at Center­ given them in the original elementary school building ville, Sister Helena Gramlich; at Schwarzwald, Sister near the Holy Ghost Convent. Now east of the Brothers' Crescentia Schwengle; at Steinthal, Sister Magdalena Monastery of Loretto they put up a two-story stone and Antoni; at Charlestown, Sister Anna i'Vlaria Heil; at brick structure. Priests koown to have studied at this seminary include Father Lou.is Barth, Father C lemens Hahn, Father Charles Steuer and his brother Vincent, ( Father Ambrose Weber, the Right Reverend Edward Nag!, formerly of the diocese of The schools in St. Nazianz's history: top left, log­ cobin school, 1855; right, the Holy Ghost Convent, St. Cloud, Minnesota; Father Max Benzinger, and Father in w·hich classes were regularly held; second row, i\lbert Reininger. right, first public school in St. Nozianx, 1864, on the site ond in the building of t he John Miller About 1877 and 1878 this building was temporarily Implement Compony, first tou9ht by the Oschwold used as a parochial school. Sister Victoria Sonner and Sisters: right, the Oschwald Seminary, built in 1871, used ot times os both high school ond Sister Theresia Schwengle were the teachers. John grammar school; third row, left, the Schaffsstall Koenig, who will be 86 years old in August, remembers Shule, 1878; right, the old St. Gregory's School, erected on church grounds in 1884; bottom, left, that when he was about nine years old, he attended tho George Washington public school, built in parochial school in this building for one term. Other 1893; right, the Oschwold Association boarding school ot Charlestown, durioQ the years 1872-77. children who went to this school in John Koenig's time 55 ..

are Peter and Joseph Gerend, Ambrose Pfefferle, George N the early months of 1895, because of a decision Breu, H enry and Joseph Johnson', Gottfried Schuler, I made by Father Mutz and an agreement of the parish­ Phillip Endries, Alois Meyer, John Leichnam, Anna ioners, it seemed desimble to engage different Sisters Muelhaupt, Catherine Schreiner, Bertha Marasch, and from a regular teaching order to staff the school. At the Rose Burkart. Later this building was used as a high suggestion of Father Louis Barth and his relatives, the school for a few years. Pupils known to have attended J. Kustermann family, who had associations with the this high school include Louis Baumgartner, John Mauer, School Sisters of St. Francis, Father f\llutz secured three Joseph Mahlman, John Roemer, Ed Meyer, Frnnk Ger­ Sisters from the St. Joseph Convent in M ilwaukee in the hard, H enry Nelles of Chicago, Stanislaus Stoll, John summer of 1895. Koeck, who later became a teacher in Francis Creek. T he School Sisters of Sain t Fran cis had their begin­ Father Herman Panzer was the teacher in the high nings in Schwarzach, Germany, when in 1859 a small school. He lived in the Oschwald Brothers' monastery, group of six women organized the infant community for and helped in the parish, giving religious instruction to the purpose of caring for orphans. T he Archbishop of the children in St. Gregory's C hurch. Around 1878 the Freiburg, the sa me who sent Father Oschwald to Ameri­ parochial school was conducted in a log barn-type school ca with his blessing, approved the statutes ol: this small located approximately where the N ick Backhaus resi­ band of followers of in September, 1859. dence now stands. Because on the adjoining hillside On October 4 of the same year the Sisters adopted theil' tbere was a sheepfold, this school was called Schafsscall religious garb and pronounced their ll rst vows. The Schule. Sister Crescentia Schwengle from the Oschwald communit)' grew, but God's blessings were to be merited Association was the first teacher, and Sister Theresia Ruh onl y at the price of sacrifice and struggle. succeeded her. Later, after St. Gregory·s School was Already in the earl)• years of the order the Sisters Felt built southwest of St. G regory's C11urcb in 1884, this the Prussian governmellt under C hancellor Bismarck building was used by Mr. John Koeck, the undertaker, tightening the reins on the Church in Germany. The as a garage for his hearse. May Laws were passed suppressing papal jurisdiction and John Koenig also attended this school along with Mrs. undermining the structure of the German hierarchy. T he Susan ( nee Meyer) Bruce, Katie Waschatka, Katie German Protestants were curbing Catholic power wher­ Leichnam, Euprasine Kraemer, Margaret Meyer, Jake ever they could. No religious were permitted to instruct Koenig, John Riesterer, Henry Johnson, Gottfried youth, pronounce vows or carry on any of the corporal Schuler, Mary Fessler, and Anna Koenig. unhampered. The School Sisters of In 1872 the Oschwald Sisters extended their activities Saint Francis, like other religious orders in Germany had even further. To provide the children of that entire to disband. T hree of the group, however, chose to leave neighborhood with a Catholic education, they erected their homeland rather than accept a dispensation from a three-story Catholic boarding school on land J'reviousl y their vows. Not knowing what country to choose as their purchased at Charlestown. For five years the school Aour­ new home and the field of their labors, the Sisters asked fahed, as children came to attend it from far and wide. advice of the Capuchin Provincial of Mainz. I lis re­ Then St. Martin's parish was organized in Charlestown sponse, "In God's name, go to America," was for Mother with other parishes near-by, and the necessity for the Alexia, Sister Alfons, and Sister Clara a mani festation of boarding school no longer existed. In 1885 the property God's wi ll for them. was sold for % ,800. T he three Sisters set out from Bremen and arrived in In 1884 the St. Gregory's parish fi nally decided to New York harbor on October 12, 1873. T hanks to the build a school on the church grounds. This large two kindness and generosity of Mother Caroline of the School story structure was built at the amazing total expense of Sisters of Notre Dame in Milwaukee, the three Fran­ only $2,654.04. The Sisters of the Third Order of St. ciscan exiles were invited to teach in the parish school Francis as founded by Father Oschwald taught here foe at Campbellsport, Wisconsin. Besides serving as a resi­ frrst 11 years of the school's existence instructing in both dence for the Sisters teaching in Saint Matthew's School, English and German, as had been the custom in the the convent home at Campbellsport soon became a noviti­ other schools. Upstairs the district school held classes; ate for new recruits from both Germany and America. the parochial school was in the downstairs room. In 1885, with the permission of Archbishop Heiss,

(

Top, the Oschwald Siste rs ot the time of the golden iubilcc of St. Nazianz, back row, l e ~ to right: Sister Philippina Eblcr, Siste r Magdalene Wacker, Sister Victoria Sonner (superior of the convent), Sister Hele na Klousmann, Sister Margaret Weber, and Sister Wolburga Winkelmeier; second row: Sister Mary Schwarz, Sister Teresa Schoe ner, Sister Magdalene Antoni, Sister Helen Stoll, Sister Mary Wenzinger, Sister Barbaro Woierich, and Sister Anno Jeschko; third row: Siste r Anno Noworotzke, Sister / Theresa Niederpruem, Sister Marianna Gramlich {supe rior of the orphanage), Sister Margaret Hekel, Sister Ba rbaro Hahn, Sister Magdalene Ructtcnauer, Sister Crescentia Schwenglc, and Sister Victoria Jund; front row : Siste r Catharine Fender, Sister Ursula Schilling, Sister Genevieve Heitzmann, and Sister Francisco '°lieincfctter. This picture was toke n for the golde n jubilee, 1 904. Below, the house of the School Sisters of St. Francis on the parish church grounds, built in 1906. The inset is a recent picture of Siste r M. Benigno, the only still living of the first three who came to teach in St. Gregory's in 1884. 57 ' - ~ ... .

58 i\ lotht:r J\lexia chose Milwaukee· as Lhe permanent loca­ "In September of 1896 Sister Margaret returned a~ tion for the Motherhouse. principal of the school and superior of the Sisters. \Vith For the School Sisters of Saint Francis their eighty her came two new Sisters, Sister i\

Clarks Mills' parish school. A short time later they were after 1908 the training and high school for the younger joined by the pastor's own sister, Hose Fessler, and the members of the congregation was in St. Nazianz. Nor live then moved into a simple dwelling which became can the great work ol' the Sisters who over the years have the cradle of the future religious community, for here labored at the Salvat.orian Seminary be overlooked. T hey they were inspired to consecrate themselves by vow to have joyfully taken upon themselves the fatiguing and the work of Catholic education. To accomplish this they self-sacrificing labor in the kitchens and laundry of the arranged through the Bishop of Milwaukee for a year seminary to provide matecial sustenance for the large of religious training under the difection of Mother Caro­ numbers of Fathers, Brothers, and students there. li ne of the School Sisters of Notre Dame. Since their small beginnings in Milwaukee in 1895, Since in the meantime Father Fessler bad been trans­ the Salvatorian Sisters have made great strides in Cath­ ferred to St. Boniface parish in Manitowoc, after they had olic education. Their 400 members conducl one col lege, finished their year of training, the new nuns started a two high schools, and 12 grammar schools in eight private school in that city. Under the guidance of their dioceses and archdioceses of the LI nited States. spiritual director, Father Fessler, they made a careful survey of various rules of religious communities of AITHFUL to the promise they have made to the women, and finally decided that tbe loving and gentle F dying Oschwald Association, the Salvatorian Fathers Sr. Francis of Assisi had formulated the rule most suited have used the land given them solely for the honor and to their needs. T hus the congregation of Franciscan glory of God and for the education of boys to the holy Sisters of Christian Charity was formally established in priesthood. Continuing where Fatl1er Oschwald had left the city of Manitowoc, v\Tisconsin, in the year 1869. Of off in the training of priests, in fact for their first years the live young women of St. Nazianz who originally in the United States living in the very house that was formed this congregation of parochial school teachers, the Oschwald Association seminary, the Salvatorian Mother Odelia ~lah l , one of the Oh.io pioneers who Fathers have been most active in their slightly more than stopped and stayed in St. Nazianz, was elected its first llfty years in the United States in their work of educat­ Mo1ber Superior. ing the Catholic people. Not on ly have 25 1 boys been Today the congregation of Franciscan Sisters of Chris­ trained for the holy priesthood in the Salvatorian Sem­ tian Charity number almost 1,000. Devoting themselves inary, at St. Nazia1n, itself, but from there the work wholeheartedly to Catholic education, they conduct one has branched out until the United States knows the college, 16 high schools, and 80 grammar school in fifteen educational work of the Salvatorian Fathers everywhere. dioceses and archdioceses in the United Stares. T he Salvatorian Fathers conduct three seminaries be­ Enrollment in rhe public district school dwindled as sides the Salvatorian Seminary at St. Nazianz, and have St. Gregory's parish began to erect more adequate paro­ organized missions in the South to convert and ed ucate chial schools. For a time the school continued in its origin­ the Negro in the teachings of Christ's . al place, on land owned until the end of 1893 by the The other Salvatorian Seminaries are Jordan Seminary, Oschwakl Association. On August 23, 1893, Eaton Town­ Menominee, Michigan; Divine Savior Seminary, the ship purchased the present site of the school from the major seminary for Salvalorian students to the priest­ Oschwald Association for $30 I. The present George hood, Lanham, Maryland; and Mother of the Savior Washington School was built there at a cost of $1800. Seminary, Blackwood, New Jersey. In the Negro Apos­ tolate of the Divine Savior at Phenix City, Alabama, with A LTHOUGH they were founded in Europe and had a growing mission at Huntsville, Alabama, the Salva­ already taken up in Milwaukee before they torian Fathers have a grammar school and high school came lo St. Nazianz, the Sisters ol' the Divine Savior can demanding daily more and more growth. in a sense be said to have started their American teach­ Producing good from evil, the first World War hur­ ing work in Father Oschwald's colony. vVhen the first ried the society into a venture which forms a part of three Salvatorian Sisters came to St. Nazianz on August Salvatorian educational activity in every country and 24, 1898, the first thing they did was to take charge of which in the LI nited States was to grow into a splendid the teaching in the colony orphanage. For several years organization under zealous directors, though the Fathers in 1914 probably had not planned that it should have birth so soon. But since the global conAict cut short the receipt of monthly shipments of the German religious magazines, Manna and Der Missionaer, which had been remailcd individually to American subscribers, they has· tened to carry forward the Salvatorian aposrolate of the ( press so dear to the heart of the founder of the Salva­ torians, Father Francis Jordan, and quick ly arranged to Other seminaries tho! developed from St. No:

NUNS W HOSE HOMETOWN Sr. M. Amphilia Meyer, O.S.F. Sr. Thalia Eberle, O.S.F. ST. NAZIANZ Sr. M. Antonita Gerhard, C.S.A. Sr. Eleanor Sukowat. P .H.J.C. Not including the dozens that entered Sr. M. Anatolia Noworatzke C.S.A. Sr. Vermu·dine Bushman, 0 .S.F. the local Convent al the Oschwald Sisters. Sr. M. Josephine Noworatzke, S.D.S. Sr. Roman Broeckert, 0 .S.F. Sr. M. Generose Schnettler, O.S.F. Sr. Seraphica Fessler, F.S.C.C. Sr. Ida Pfefferle, O.S.F. Sr. M. Dionys Pfefferle, 0 .S.F. Sr. Gramlich, F .S.C.C. Sr. Valerie Koerber. S.D.S. Sr. M. Felicitas Schnettler, O.S.F. Sr. M. Pacifica Isselman, O.S.F . Sr. Ernestine Riestei·er, 0.S.F. Sr. M. Adjutora Geigel, O.S.F. Sr. M. Raphael Muehlenbach. C.S.A. Sr. Gonsalva Riestcrer, 0.S.F. Sr. M. Agathella Geigel, O.S.F. Sr. Mary Margaret Platten, S.S.M.O. Candidate Elaine Stahl, F.S.C.C. 65 Bishop Grellinger blesses the new school ond social center. Page 67, St. Gregory's activity, top: high school Catholic Press Month exhibit; middle: high school verse·speoking choir; bottom, toy soldiers of third and fourth grade from the Christmas ploy, 1953. 66

The faculty of St. Gregory's School, seated, left to right: Fother Frederick Dorn, S.D.S., pastor and high school in­ structor; Sister M. Ewoldo, O.S.F., seventh and eighth grade instructor; Sister M. Carlotta, O.S.F., principal and high school instructor; Father Dominic Giles, S.D.S., high school instructor; standing: Sister M. Annette, O.S.F., fifth and sixth grade instructor; Sister M. Carmelle, O.S.F., first and second grade instructor; Sister Vincent Ferrer, O.S.F., high school instructor; Sister M. Rodigundus, O.S. F., house Sister; Sister M. Aloysius, O.S.F, third and fourth grade instructor; John Riederer, grade and high school coach. Two instructors will be added to the faculty next year.

Sophomore pupils, left to right, top row: Poul Pankrot&, Mory Koenig, Jo Ann Eberle, Gerold Groh, Elizabeth Schneider, Elizabeth Weber, Harold Schnell, Gladys Riesterer, Richard Schaller, and Florence Endries; second row: Robert Neumeyer, Leo Wagner, Anthony Rieste rer, and Dorothy Schwoerer. Freshmen pupils: J e on Heinzen, Charles Schwoerer, Bernardine Neumeyer, Patricia Strauss, Dono Id Cosper; third row: Rose Ann Schnell, Corinne H ei nzen, Anno Augustine, Verlin Lutxkc, Mary Timreck, Louise Ann Madson, La Verne Riesterer, Allen Koenig, Doniel Dewone, and Elixobeth Bartel. Out-of-·town pupils are enrolled for next year. Grode school graduates, left to right, top row: Mory Jone Boer, Robert Moucr, Eu2ene Backhaus, Wenzel Knier, Gerold Strauss, Morion Schnell, William Boer, Kenneth Ricstcrer, Jomes Endries, Donald Boer; second row: Fronk Lax, Ethel Hickmon, Ronald Schuler, Mory Wagner, Harlan Schnell, Robert Hickmon, Lyle Schwoerer, and Louella Baumgartner. Seveneth grade pupils: Joseph Dyzbolys; third row: Rose Marie Baumgartner, Anthony Nenahlo, Delmor Rie:stercr, Kenneth Casper, Dione Tompkins, Dole Schuler, Patricio Koenig, Margaret Weber, Eugene Winkel, William Augustine; fourth row: Teresa Kobrigcr, Elwin Lutzke, Gerold Augustine, Leo Endries, Kathlee n T imrcck, Harvey Schnell, Koren lutzke, Peter Wagner, Dorothy Stohl, and Wayne Cosp~r.

Fourth grade pupils, top row, left to right: Patricio Wagner, Michael Abler, Joseph Dewonc, Carol Mohloch, Robert Firkus, Leon Lutzkc, Ann Leist, Thomas Stiefvater, Aaron Schema, Rut!l Puta; second row: Joseph Litz, Ronald Schmidt, Judy Pankratz, Rop!-iocl Riesterer, Leo Bartel, Barbaro Schwoerer, J ack Strauss, Mahloch, Mory Ann Schnell, Corl Schwoerer; third row: Thomas Shomisch, Bernard Koenig, Antonia Schnell, and Cecilia Litz. Third grade students: Peter Schema, Jone Pankratz, Carol Endries, Rosemary Schwoerer, Donald Schuler; last row: Dorothy Moe Robe, Margaret Hickman, Charles Augustine, Shirley Riesterer, Henry Backhaus, Yvonne Stein, Donna Moe Steffen, Eugene Augustine, Oon::1ld Lou (moved), and Dorothy Litz. Siath grodc pupils, first row, left to right : John Miller, Judith Schwoerer, Richard Boer, Ruth Schwoerer, Richard Riestcrcr, Rolph Risterer, Jomes Dewone, franc.is Boumgartftcr, Oonold Lei.st, Arfene Lox, ond Dole Dr•bolys; second row: Glcnroy Backhaus, John Heller, Vernon Hickmon, and Agnes Bartel. f ifth grade pupil.s: Richard Haberman, Sharon Schmid, Victor Schnell, WilUom Stiefvoter, Anno Moe Endries, and Co·therine Boer; third row: J mes Schema, Robert Reindl, Dole Leist, Rose Mory Weber, Robert Woichcrt, Joseph Weber, Marilyn Adelman, Jomes Backhaus, Carol Ricstcrcr, Roger Schuler, and Donna Schwoerer.

Second grade pupil1, left to right, to9 row: Michael Augustine, Susan Schwoerer, Gerold Riestercr, Janet Schuler, Janet Koenig, Leo Riestcrcr, Eugene Schad, Mory Miller, Janet Broeckert, Gory Lutzke, and Jeon Schuler; second row: Victor Dcwone, Mory Jone Schuler, Frances 8invcrsic, Michael Platten, Jerome Wagner, Barbaro Schwoerer Judith Cosper, Phyllis Meyer, Mory Agnes Dewone, Eugene Ricstcrcr, and Thomas Dyabolys; third row: Janice Puto, Thomas Boer, Laverne Schwoerer, ond Robert Adelman. f irst grade pupils: Judith Hickmon, Doniel Schad, J eon Weber, Janet Mohloch, Eu9ene Steffen, Georgeanna Mohloch, Cecilio Moore; fourth row: John Firltus, Judith Ricstcrcr, Peter Schwoerer, Diane Puta, Jomes Robe, Mory Ann Wogner, Elroy Stohl, Dione Schuler, Frances Russell, Rochel Cosper, Jomes Nenohlo; fifth row: Corl Schema Eugene Schneider, Antonio Stiefvot­ er, Gail Bonde, Mory Gnodt, Dennis Gutmon, Suson Hauch, Melvin Boumgart-t1cr, Jo Ann Gerhord, Rogef' Knier, Thomas Burkart. It is my will that the Association which I have founded at St. Nazianz ... shall, by the blessing of God, do good to his glory and the welfare of mankind ... , for widows and orphans as it is prescribed by our statutes for the sick and destitute, to the best ability of the Association. . . . From the Last Will and Testament of Father Oschwald

.' 72 H E generosity and solicitude of Far her Oschwald Extam among the pape r~ of St. Gregory's j)arish and T toward Lhe sick, the poor. and the need>• in every the Oschwald Aswciation is the record of the orphans guise is a facet of his many-sided char:icter that was who received a rrue home through the charity of the known not only in his own community but throughout Association in St. Nazianz. T his list for the year 1890 the nat ion e\'en d uring his lifetime. "'I lis loving fo1her's includes Da\'id ( 12) , Edward ( 15) . and Johanna ( 17) heart is unforgettable not only wi th his Associnlion's Bruce; Amalia ( 5) , i\nna ( 10) , Helena (I I), and Kath­ members an

What motivated [the first settlers] to emigrate to North Am­ erica ... was the general over-population .. . and the universal unemployment which is a necessary result of this excess of populace.... Unwilling to lose what they still possessed and be reduced to want, they saw no other way than to use the rest of their possessions, partly to defray the traveling expenses, and partly to lay aside a small sum to acquire a little property in America. . . . From the Chronicle of Anton Stoll 76 looms were insta lled in a part of the building that housed by James Kobriger the tannery. There a number of the Brothers prepared doth from wool, couon and Aax. This cloth was used by a number of the local men and women engaged in the URING the early days, immediately following work of making clothing for rhe members of the seule­ its founding, the new seulement of St. Nazianz ment. D took steps toward becom ing seir-sufficient. The During this early period some members of the women's settlers, united under the direction of Father O~hwald, religious community were engaged in making straw hats. undertook to opera te small mills and shops for the making Among the lay members of the settlement were a Few of lumber, Aour, shoes, clothing and other necessities for who spt:nt their time in making baskets and weaving members of the community, and later suppl ied to a lim­ rugs. One of the older settlers, Frank Burkart, has pur­ ited extent the needs of others in the neighborhood along sued his trade ol' basket weaving to the present time. similar lines. In 1875 a cheese factory was opened by Louis Seng­ The first enterprise of this kind sponl>Orcd by the ~'Olperated by him for a few years. Ln ter he disp<>sed of it, carried on by his fa mily. The year 1926 saw expansion of and under the new management, in addition to sawi ng rhe enterprise. J\ new facwry and st0reroom were erected logs into lumber, the mill produced cheese boxes and where the inventor prepared his first models and built ~xcelsior at different times. 1othing now remains but his first shop for the manufacture of these improved the ruins of the old building to mark the place where machines. those operations were carried on. In the meantime feed The canning factory, opened in 19

The St. Nazianz Volunteer Fire Deportment in 1927 {above) had the following members, left to right, front row: the late Math Wollersheim; Edward Broeckert Sr., Ambrose Eberle, the late Louis Baumgartner, John A. Dietrich, the late John Reinhart, Edward Groh Sr., and Louis Burkart; second row: the late Fronk Heinzen, Anton Fessler, John Gnodt, mascots Rembert Broeck· crt and Victor Miller, Rudy Christel, William F. Dietrich, Louis Hommel, the late John Scholler, Herbert Hommel, and Leo Schwab; bock row: Milton Brocker, Wolter Kcllcnbenz, John Miller, Joseph Backhaus, John Bertsche, Thomas Fee , August Kustermonn, and the late August Goldbeck. Today's volunteers (below) arc, left to right, kneeling: Edmund Knier, Lawrence Schaller, Alais Endries, Robert Christel, Arnold Reindl, Arthur Krctsch, Arthur Broeckert, Edward Groh, Mot·h Schema, and Roman Broeckert; standing: Jerome Boehle, Asst. Chief Jerome Gutman, Joseph Bushman, Chief Rembert Broeckert, Asst. Chief Alfred Wagner, Jerome Riesterer, Eugene Christel, Jerome Groh, Clarence Miller, and Vernon Christel; on the truck: William Christel, George Schee l, Edward Broeckert Jr., William C. Dietrich, Edwin Sticfvatcr, Fred Koeppen, Adrian Brunner, and Raymond Pon .. kratz. Stanley Abler, W illiam Brunner, Jomes Kautzer, Joseph Schnell, Gaylord Stcbnitz, and Chester Vogel were absent when the picture was taken. Rembert Broeckert, Arnold Reindl, Alfred Wagner are commissioners, Robert Christel is secretary-treasurer. 78 contract to produce airplane parts. More than 300,000 business conducted in the village at the tum of the Llllits were produced before wa(s end. Since then the century. Two periodicals were issued at that time. One plant has been sub-contracted by several manufacturers, was known as The St. Nazianz Weekly, and the other, in addition to its regular service to the villagers. a monthly printed in English and German, was entitled Fur farms have been operated in the immediate area The Cathol.ic H cnne. T he Ii rst issues of these two pu bl ica· since 1921. 1\t the present time two such enterprises, the tions appeared in 1895, bearing the name of H. C. Olson Koeppen Fur Farm south of the village and the Hidden as publisher and manager and that of Dr. T hos. O 'Brien Acres Fox Farm to the southwest, are in operation. as editor. One of the organiza tions that ceased to function many Jn 1870 the first post office was opened .in the village. yea rs ago but which during its time was of considerable Louis Baumgartner Sr., one of the few English speak· ioterest should be mentioned. It is the company of militia ing settlers, was then postmaster, and that position re· formed here by the young men of the village and vicinity mained in the same family for seventy·five years. Previous early in the 70's whj le Father Oschwald was yet living. 10 the opening of the official post office he had ca rried T his company took an active part in civic celebrations the mail from Njles, and later from the town of Liberty, for a number of years, including the centennial of our and distributed it 10 the addressees in the village. Old­ country's independence celebrated at Manitowoc in 1876. ti mers tell thrilling stories of Baumgartner's early years in T he first captain of this military unit was Anton Schnurr bringing the mail to the settlement. In 1931 the post and Joseph Rauch was Bag-bearer. office was moved to Groh's General Store, where it re· Another local enterprise of interest was the printing mained for several years. It was moved to its present

Reminders of the days when St. Nazianz had its own newspapers around the turn of the cent­ t ury, the ST. NAZIANZ WEEKLY and the CATHOLIC HOME, a monthly, edited by Dr. O'Brien.

79 location, a brick structure erected by Nick Backhaus, national scale. Tireless in her work for the under· in 1933. St. Nazianz, today, can claim the distinction of privileged colored people, she is endlessly on tour speak­ being the onl}' unincorporated village in the United ing in their behalf, and has lectured in Manitowoc. For States with a Class A post office. her work Betty has received many citations. In 1951 With the growth of the community, the settlers the Chicago Commission on Human Relations presented reali1ed an increasing need for fire protection. Quite her with their yearly award "for distinguished profes­ early in its history the men of the village joined together sional service in bettering inter-racial relations in the and formed a vol unteer fire comp:any. T he equipment 6eld of social welfare in Chicago:· used by these men consisted of buckets, several lengths Grandchildren of the llrst marriages solemnized at of small hose and a hand pump. T he inadequacy of such St. Nazianz, the Murphy fami ly have carried St. Nazianz apparatus was proven on several occasions when much throughout the srnte and the nation. A C. Murphy hus property was destroyed in spite of the efforts of the fire­ been prominent in Wisconsin agriculture for many men, especially in the great general fire of 1918. In 1921 years. After graduating from the llnversity of Wisconsin a new fire fighting organization was formed. Soon after and teaching agriculture for three years, be has been a large truck and other 6re-fighting equipment were ac­ successively Shawano County Agricultural Agent, chair­ quired. In 1926 a new fi re house was erected and a num· man of the Town of Eaton, and staff member of the her of large cisterns were constructed throughout the Farm Credit Administration. At present he is president village in which many thousands of gallons of water are of $2,000,000 Lake to Lake Dairy Cooperath"e, vice­ now stored for emergency use. The Backhaus Garage president of the Wisconsin Farm Bureau Federation fire in 1945 proved the village fire protection was again Cooperative, vice-president of the Rural Mutual Casualty inadequate. The volunteer lire company was immedi­ Fire and Li fe Insurance Company, and vice-president ately reorganized. Financed mainly by the annual Fire­ of the FarmCo Service Cooperative, the largest manu· men's Picnics, the organization since then has pucchased facturer of commercial fertilizer in \Visconsin. two trucks and other modern equipment. A graduate of the Marquette School of Medicine after An unonlcial census, compil ed for this centennial year, leaving St. Gregory's, Dr. James H. Murphy practiced counts over 630 inhabitants of the village proper, in­ medici ne in Clintonville, \ .Yisconsin, for 27 years. The cluding the members of the St. Mary's Convent and father of a fine family of seven children, be is at present those at the Salvatorian Seminary. on the staff of the Winnebago State Hospital. Dr. W. J. Murphy has degrees from three , s in every part of the nation and the world, so also Wisconsin, Northwestern, and H arvard. Three years A in St. Nazianz not all the natives stayed to live, after receiving his M.D. from Northwestern LI niversity marry, and die in their hometown. Many have gone to he went into public hea lth work. Except for a period of other cities and states, and have made a name for them­ study in at the Harvard LI niversity Medi­ selves in many fields of endeavor. H erc is a partial cal School, he has been active in this Seid for over 25 listing, nothing more tlrnn a cross-section, of what people years, and is at present engaged in public health work born an

The Pioneer Canning and Pickling Company started in 1901. The employees lined up for this photo during tho summer season of 1908, when wages averaged between 10c and 15c ond few people hod over hoord of tho eight-hour working day. How many people do you recognize? Tho plant hos been operated by the Chilton Conning Company since the spring of 1950. Then

Twenty-five years is o long time, and usually leaves many radical changes in ih woke. But the diamond iubilce committee, w·ho arranged the seventy.fifth anniversary cclcbro·tion for St. Mazion& and served as ho"orory members of the centennial committee, hove to a large extent escaped the inroads of time. They gave profitable direction and advice to the organizers of the centennial celebration, and them .. selves went out and arranged the financial succcu of many ventures. These two pictures ore of these men (top) 25 ycors 090, ond (bottom) today, just a month before the date for the centennial celebration. In both pictures they ore, standing, left to right: William Dietrich, John Miller, and August Kustcr­ monn; seated: Wolter Kellenbcnx and Ambrose Eberle.

Now Tho members of St. Gregory's porish hove elected these men ~·o b~or the burden of managing parish affairs. They arc, left ~o right: Joseph G. Knier, consultor; Frank Bushman, tre asurer; Father Frodcrick Dorn, S.D.S., postor; Stanley Abler, secretory; and William Schuler, consultor. The parish record books contoin the names of all those who hove served the parish since 1866.

Arrangements for the biggest celebration St. Nazianz hos ever known were placed in the hands of 10 capable men. On the 1 O·mon centennial committee oll the weight of the huge affair was placed, and for months thcr devoted themselves whole· heartedly to this appointed task for the community. The officf!rs of the centennial committee ore, seated, left to right: Hubert Gehrig, secretary; Rembert Broeckert, president; second ro'\llf: Edmund Kn ier, Victor A. Miller, and Stephe n Wagner; third row: William Schuler, Anselm Platten, Theodore Schuler, and Arnold Rc:ndl. William Gutman was absent when this picturo was token.

- The Building Committco (loft) appointed in the St. Gregory parish meeting of 1950 can· sisted of t he following, besides John Schnettler, deceased, scot· ed, left to right: Ambrose Eberle, father Frederick Dorn, S. D. S., Nickolas Kleinhans; standing: Stanley Abler, Theo· dare Schuler, Frank Bushman, and Frank Heimerl. William Gutman was absent when this official group pict ure was token.

The Holy Nome Society, canon.. icolly erected by document in St. Gregory's parish on June 9, 1921, has 289 members. Tho centennial year officers of tho society (below) arc, seated, loft to right: Hubert Gehrig, post president; Eugene Kabat, prcsi· dent; Father Frederick Dorn, S. D.S.; and T heodore Schuler, past secretory; standing, Arthur Gerhard, vice.president; LeRoy Schnell, secretary; Harold Die­ trich, treasurer; and Arnold Reindl, the po.st vice-president. The Chri$tion Mothers organization hos existed in the parish since 187 4, ond was approved by Bishop Joseph Fox on November 14, 1905, ond offiliotcd with the Archconfroternity of Christion Moti:ers on November 20, 1905. During the first holf of the cen· tcnn;al year officers were, left to right: Mrs. Charles Cole, treasurer; Mrs. Anton Nenohlo, vice-president; Mrs. Victor Miller, president; and Mrs. Mike Schwoerer., secretory. There ore 239 women enrolled in the parish Christion Mothers .

The Third Order of St. Francis was established in St. Gregory's parish on Morch 2;, 191 S. Officers of the Franciscan Tertiaries ore, left to right : Miss Theresia Koenig, president; Mrs. Agnes Schuler, vice .. president; Mrs. Margaret Eberle, treasurer; and Mrs. Monico Wagner, novice mistress. Father Frederick Dorn., S.D. S., is t he s piritual director of tf-iAe Third Order of St. Franch;.

J The Confraternity of Christian Doctrine was erected in St. Gregory's parish on March 27, 1954. The first officers (above) of this new organization in the congregation arc, left to right: Miss Lucille Heinzen, treasurer; Mrs. Stanley Abler, president; Mrs. Victor Miller, director; and William Shea, vice-president. Mrs. 8. J . Heller, secretary, was absent when this picture was taken for this commemorative book.

The Young Ladies' Blessed Virgin Sodolity wos first established in St. Gregory's parish in 1897, but was reorganized and approved by Bishop Joseph Fox on Moy 29, 1909, ond affiliated with the Prima Primaria, the head­ quar'ters in Rome, on July 2, 1909. Officers of the Blessed Virgin Sodolity during the centen­ nial year (right ) ore, left to right: Miss Mabel Wagnor, secretory; Miss Lucille Heinzen, presi­ dent; and Miss Olive Stiefvater, vice-president. Treasurer Dorothy Bushman was absent when this picture was taken for the jubilee book. The St. Gregory's Church choir, seated, loft to right: Sister M. Annette, O.S.F., director and organist; Mrs. Mike Schwoerer, Miss Lucille Heinzen, and Mrs. Math Meyer; second row, standing: Miss Fay Schleh, Mrs. Williom Rappel, Mrs. Ambrose Sukowoty, Mrs. Hermon Holzer, and Miss Dorothy Schwoerer; third row: Wilbert Woelfel, Mrs. Julie Russell, Stanley Abler, Edmund Knier, Robert Groh, Miss Angeline Brunner, and Sylvester Cosper. Mrs. Fronk Heimerl, Jacqueline Heimerl, and Joseph Groh were absent when this picture was token.

The Catholic Knights of Wisconsin were organized in St. Gregory's parish in April, 1890. Membership today consists of 87 adults and 64 children. The centennial year offic;:ers (right) are, seated: Mrs. Alois Endries, secretory; standing, left to right: Albert Wagner, vice-president; Frederick Groh, treasurer; and Stephen Wagner, president of Catholic Knights. Or9oni z.cd first as the Young People's Rccrco· t ion Club, the Catholic Youth Orgonizotion hos been active in St. Gregory's parish since t he foll of 194 3. Officers

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In 1951 tho Stoge Production Guild s uccoodcd the Holy Nome Variety Show, w·hich hod produc~ its first offering in 1946, os the dramatic organization of the parish. The 27 membe rs of the Guild hove os their object the furnishing of tho St. Gregory auditorium stage. The cen­ tennial ycor officers (right) of the Stogc Production Guild are, left to right, Miss Lucille Heinzen, sec· rotary; Romon Heinzen, president; Mrs. J ohn Riederer, tre asurer; and Rolph Ke llenbcnz, vice-president. The St. Gregory Court 1539 of the Cotholic Order of Foresters was estoblishcd in St. Noz.ionz in I 907. The centennial year officers of the Court ore pictured left, left to right: Edmund Knier,. financial secretory; Wolter Kcllcnbenz, chief rongar; Rembert Brocckcrt financial sec r ct a r y; and Romon Broeckcrt, treasurer.

The St. Tcrcso Court 1053 of the Cotholic Order of Foresters was founded in St. Gregory's parish in 1926. Officers (ri9ht ) ot the beginning of the ccntcnniol yc:1 r ore, seated, left to right: Mrs. Rembert Brocck­ c rt, recording secretory; Mri. Alfred Wagner, financ­ ial secretory; standing: Mrs. Alfonse Adelman, vicc­ ch:cf ranger; Mrs. Reuben Ricstcrcr, chief ranger of the Lady Foresters; and Mrs. Edward Groh, treasurer. In 1946 the Wogner-Ebcrlc-Sukowoty American Legion Post 477 was organized in St. Nazianz. The present me mbership numbers 73. Office rs for the te rm just ending ore, seated, left to right: William J. O'Neil Jr., adjutant; Chester Wiltgen, service officer and sixth district vice· commander; father Frederick Dorn, S.D.S. , chaplain; and Aubrey Zutz, com· monder; standing: Roy Fessler, sergeant ot arms; Edmund Knier, immediate post commander; Orlon Zutz, sergeant at arms; Romon Broeckert, second vice·

commander; Bernard Gnodt1 historian; and Stephen Rehme, finance officer.

Melvin Koutzer1 first vice·commondcr, was absent when this picture was token.

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The American Legion Auxiliary to the Wogner.. Eberle-Sukowaty Post 477, organ· izcd in 1946, hos o membership of 63. During the first half of the centc nnio1 year tho l e gion Auxiliary officers ore, seated, loft to right: Mrs. Jerome Gutman, sccrc· tory; Mrs. Romon Broeckert1 president; and Mrs. Stephen Rehme, treasurer; standing; Mrs. William O'Neil, sergeant at arms; Mrs, Anselm Platten, sunshine chairman; Mrs. Norbert Dietrich, historian; Mrs. Roger Nowarotzky, second vice... prcsidcnt; and Mrs. Agnes Wagner, sergeant at arms. Mrs. Ervin Meyer, chaplain, and Mrs. Edward Neumeyer, first vice-president, were absent at the time this group picture was toke n. The Lions Club was inaugurated in St. Nozionx in September, 1952, with 2S charter members. The of­ ficers (left ) for this year ore, seated, left to right: Theodora Schuler, third vice - president; Arthur Kobriger, president, Rem­ bert Brocckcr't, vice-president; and Father Frederick Dorn, S.D.S., director; standing: James Wagner, director; Walter Kcllcnbcnz, direc­ to r; C. J. Miller, tail-twister; and Hubert Gehrig, treasurer. Tho fol­ lowing were abse nt when this pic­ ture was token: Anselm Platte n, secretory; August Wreidt# second vice·president; Norman Wernecke, Lion tomcr; and Bernard J. Heller, Arnold Reindl, and August Kust­ crmon of the board of directors.

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The newest orgoni:r.otion in St. Gregory's parish is the troop of girl scouts ond Brownies, wltich came into being in the spring of the centennial year. The girl scout leaders of the new troop (right) ore, left to right, Mrs. C. J. Miller, Mu. Edward Tompkins, Mrs. Fronk Heimerl, Miss Foy Schleh, and Mrs. Hubert Gehrig.

, St. Gregory s Parish List of Members (16 Years of age and older)

For the Centennial Year, 1954

Abler, Stanley Bonde, Alex Dahlman, Phil (new) Abler, Mrs. Stanley Bonde, Mrs. Alex Dahlman, Mrs. Phil (new) Abler, Audrey Brocker, Mrs. Elmer Dewane, Edward Adelman, Alphone Broeckert, Arthur Dewane, Mrs. Edward Adelman, Mrs. Alphonse Broeckert, Edward Sr. Dewane, Eugene Adelman, Miss Georgene Broeckert, Mrs. Edward Sr. Dewane, Michael Adelman, Louis Broeckert, Edward Jr. Diedrich, Clarence Adelman, Mrs. Louis Broeckert, Rembert Diedrich, George •Adelman, Norman (deceased) Broeckert, Mrs. Rembert Diedrich, Mt·s. George Anders, Paul Broeckert, Roman Diedrich, Raymond Anders, Mrs. Paul Broeckert, Mrs. Roman Diedrich, Sylvester Anhalt, Miss Anita Bruce, Edward Diedrich, Miss Therese Anhalt, Joseph Bruce, l\'lrs. Edward Diem, Miss Flora Anhalt, Mrs. J.oseph Brunmeier, Henry Dietrich, Harold Augustine, Frank Brunmeier, Mrs. Henry Dietrich, John A. Augustine, Mrs. Frank Brunmeier, Norbert Dietrich, Mrs. John A. Augustine, Miss Nancy Brunner, Adrian Dietrich, John F. Augustine, Miss Rita Brunner, Miss Angeline Dietrich, Mrs. John F. Brunner, Frank Dietrich, William C. Backhaus, Miss An.n Brunner, William Dietrich, WilLia m F. Backhaus, Edmund Burkard, Mrs. Mary Susan Dietrich, Ml·s. William F. Backhaus, Mrs. Edmund Burkart, Bruno Dyzbalys, Edward C. Backhaus, Henry Burkart, Franz Dyzbalys, Mrs. Edward C. Backhaus, Mrs. Henry Burkart, Harold Backhaus, Joseph Burkart, Mrs. Harold Ebenhoe, Joseph Backhaus, Mrs. Joseph Burkart, Miss Helen Ebenhoe, Mrs. Joseph Backhaus, Nickolas Burkart, Lawrence A. Eberle, Ambrose Backhaus, Roman Burkart, Mrs. Lawrence A. Ebede, Mrs. Ambrose Baer, Arthur Burkart, Louis Eberle, Anton Baer, Mrs. Ar thur Burkart, Mrs. Louis Eberle, Clemens Baer, Frederick Jr. Burkart, Peter Eberle, Mrs. Margaret Baer, Mrs. Frederick Jr. Burkart, Mrs. Peter Endries, Alfons Baer, Henry Bushman, Donald Endries, Alois Baer, Mrs. Henry Bushman, Dorothy Endries, Mrs. Alois Baer, Miss Marcella Bushman, Frank J. Endries, Alfred Baer, Miss Mary Ann Bushma n, Mrs. Frank J. Endries, Clement Bartel, Alois Bushman, Joseph Endries, Mrs. Clement Bartel, Mjgs Dorothy Bushman, Mrs. Joseph Endries, Miss Genrose (married and moved) Bushman, Robert Endries, Is idore Bartel, George Endries, Mrs. Isidore Bartel, Mrs. George Casper, Jo.hn Sr. Endries, John Ba1·tel, Joseph Sr. Casper, Mrs. John Sr. Endries, Mi·s. John Baumgartner, Anton Casper, John Jr. Endries, Roman Baumgartner, Mrs. Anton Casper, Mrs. John Jr. Endries, Miss Silvina Baumgartner, Ervin Casper, Sylvester Baumgartner, Mrs. Ervin Casper, Mrs. Sylvester Fenlon, A. J. Sr. Baumgartner, Joseph Christel, Albert Fenlon, Allen J. Jr. Baumgartner, Mrs. Joseph Christel, Eugene Ferney, Miss Agnes Baumgai·tner, Mrs. Rose Christel, Mrs. Eugene Fessler, Anton Baumgartner, Vernon Christel, Herman Fessler, Mrs. Anton Bechle, Jerome Christel, Miss Imelda Fessler, Carl Bechle, Mrs. Jerome Christel, Miss Joanne Fessler, Mrs. Carl Berg, Mrs. Donald Christel, Joseph J. Fessler, Carl A Jr. Berres, Cornelius Christel, Mrs. Joseph J. Fessler, Mrs. Carl A. Jr. Berres, Mrs. Cornelius Christel, Lambert Fessler, George Binversie, Alfred Christel, Mrs. Lambert Fessler, Miss Georgianna Binvers ie, Mrs. Alfred Clu-istel, Miss Laverne Fessler, Matthias Binversie, Arthur Ch1·istel, Max Foley, Dr. Mark (new) Binversie, Ml'S. Arthur Christel, Mrs. Max Foley, Mrs. Mark (new) Boldt, Arnold Christel, Peter Firkus, Harold Boldt, Mrs. Arnold Christel, Richard Firkus, Mrs. Harold Boldt, Leonard Christel, Robert Christel, Mrs. Robert Gehrig, Hubert Christel, Rudolph Gehrig, Mrs. Hubert ( Christel, Mrs. Rudolph Gehrig, Mi·s. Rose Christel, Vernon Gerhard, Alex T op: A look north on highway A and Christel, William L. Gerhard, Mrs. Alex a t Mr$. Joseph Gutman; middle: o look Christel, Mrs. William L. Gerhar·d, Arthur south on the some; bottom; a look east Cole, Mrs. Charles Gerhard, Mrs. Arthur post t he old St . Gregory's Church. Csida, Isidore Gerhard, Francis 93

Rappel, Mrs. William Schnell, Anton Steffen, John Rauch, Max Schnell, Mrs. Anton Steffen, Mrs. John Rauch, Mrs. Max Schnell, Frederick Steffen, Leo Rehme, Stephen Schnell, Miss Elizabeth Steffen, Mrs. Leo Rehme, Mrs. Stephen Schnell, Eugene Steffen, Nicholas Reindl, Arnold Schnell, Hemy Stein, Miss Evelyn Reindl, Mrs. Arnold Schnell, Mrs. Henry Stein, Peter N. Rei.ndl. Jerome Schnell, Joseph Stein, Peter Jr. Reindl, M1·s. Jerome Schnell, Mrs. Joseph Stein, Mrs. Peter Jr. Riederer, John Schnell, Leo Stein, Sylvester J. Riederer, Mrs. John Schnell, Mrs. Leo Stein, Miss Virginia Riesterer, Alois Schnell, LeRoy Stiefvater, Bernard Riesterer, Anton J. Schnell, Mrs. LeRoy Stiefvater, Mrs. Bernard Riesterer, Mrs. Anton J . Schnell, Mrs. Lorena Stiefvater, Clement Riesterer, Miss Bernice Schnell, Louis A. Stiefvater, Edwin Riesterer, Donald Schnell, Miss Mary Ann Stiefvater, Mrs. Edwin Riesterer, Frank Schnell, Mrs. Theresa Stiefvater, Frank J. Riesterer, Mrs. Frank Schnettler, Mrs. Christina Stiefvater, Mrs. Frank J. Riesterer, Herman A. Schnettler, Frederick Stiefvater, Frederick A. Riesterer, Mrs. Herman A. Schnettler, Mrs. Hildegarde Stiefvater, Mrs. Frederick A. Riesterer, Jerome Schram, Henry Stiefvater, John Riesterer, Mrs. Jerome Schram, Mrs. Henry Stiefvater, Mrs. John Riesterer, John Schuler, Arnold Stiefvater, Lawrence Riesterer, Joseph Schuler, Mrs. Arnold Stiefvater, Louis Riesterer, Mrs. Joseph Schuler, Edmund Stiefvater, Stephen Riesterer, Norbert (moved) Schuler, Mrs. Edmund Strauss, Herman Riesterer, Mrs. Norbert (moved) Schuler, Mrs. Agnes Strauss, Mrs. Herman Riesterer, Peter Schuler, Mrs. Mary Sukowaty, Mrs. Agnes Riesterer, Mrs. Peter Schu ler, Joseph Sr. Sukowaty, Ambrose Riesterer, Robert Jr. Schuler, Mrs. Joseph Sr. Sukowaty, Mrs. Ambrose l.ilesterer, Mrs. Robert Jr. Schuler, Theodore Sukowaty, Edward tl.iesterer, Rueben Schuler, Mrs. Theodore Sukowaty, Gregory l1.1esterer, Mrs. Rueben Schuler, William Sukowaty, Hermenegild Riesterer, Wilfred Schuler, Mrs. William Sukowaty, Miss Imelda .ttiesterer, William Schwab, Frank Sukowaty, LeRoy Riesterer, Mrs. William Schwab, Mrs. Frank Sukowaty, Vivian ltusi;ell, Mrs. Julie Schwab, Leo F. Schwab, MJ·s. Leo F. Timreck, Robert .,chad, Clarence Schwartz, Charles Timreck, Mrs. Valena Schad, Edmund Schwar tz, Mrs. Charles Tompkins, Mrs. Edwara Schad, Mrs. Edmund Schwartz, Miss Magdalene Schad, Edward Schwoerer, Arnold Vetter, Mrs. Agnes Schad, Mrs. Edward Schwoerer, M1·s. Catherine Vogel, Oscar Schad, Miss Elizabeth Schwoerer, MI·s. Clara Schad, Joseph A. Schwoerer, Clemens Wagner. Miss Agnes Schad, Mrs. Margaret Schwoerer, Mrs. Clemens Wagner, Albert Schad, Norman Schwoerer, Edward Wagner, Mrs. Albert Schad, Mrs. Norman Schwoerer, Ervin Wagner, Alex Schaller, Miss Angeline (moved) Schwoerer, MI·s. Ervin Wagner, Mrs. Alex Schaller Lawrence Schwoerer, Frank Wagner, Alfred N. Schaller, Mrs. Louisa Schwoerer, Mrs. Frank Wagner, Mrs. Alfred N. Schaller, Miss Priscilla (moved) Schwoerer, Hugo Wagner, Miss Beatrice Schema, Aaron Schwoerer, Mi·s. Hugo Wagner, Mrs. Bertha Schema, Mrs. Aaron Schwoerer, Mrs. Ida Wagner, Clarence Schema, Joseph Schwoerer, Michael Wagner, Mrs. Clarence Schema, Mrs. Joseph Schwoerer, MI·s. Michael Wagner, Elmer Schema, Louis Schwoerer, Norbert Wagner, Herbert John Schema, Mrs. Louis Schwoerer, William Wagner, Mrs. Herbert John Schema, Matthias Schwoerer, Mrs. William Wagner, James Schema, Norman Seibold, Lloyd (moved) Wagner, Miss Janet Schema, Mrs. Norman Shea, Mrs. Edna Wagner, Miss Joan Scherer, Arnold Shea, Paul Wagner, Mrs. Monica Scherer, Mrs. Arnold Shea, Robert Wagner, Robert Scherer, George Shea, Mrs. Robert Wagner, Mrs. Robert Scherer, Mrs. George Shea, Thomas Wagner, Stephen Schleh, Miss Betty Shea, William Wagner, Mrs. Stephen Schleh, Miss Joan (married) Simon, Mrs. Catherine Weber, Clement F. Schleh, Joseph Sprang, Miss Antoinette Weber, Mrs. Clement F. Schleh, Mrs. Joseph Sprang, Mrs. Ida Weingart...._Mrs. Mary Schleht Richard Sprang, Herbert Wellens, r rank Schmiot, Arnold Sprang, Miss Sylvia Wernecke, Mrs. Lloyd Schmidt, Mrs. Arnold Stahl, Clarence Wiesner, Arthur Schneider, Norman Stahl, Mrs. Clarence Wiesner, George P. Schneide!~ Mrs. Norman Stahl, Miss Darlene Wiesner, Mrs. George P. SchneJJ, Miss Alice Stahl, Henry Wilberscheid, Bernard Stahl, Mrs. Hemy Wilberscheid. Mrs. Bernard Stahl, John Willmas, Andrew Stauber, Miss Betty Willmas, Mrs. Andrew Stauber, J oh n Willmas, Donald < Stauber, Mrs. John Winkel, Roland Top: Everyon e turns out to welcome Stebnitz, Gaylord Winkel, Mrs. Roland the bishop to the village; middle: the Stebnitz, Mrs. Gaylord Woelfel, Wilbert h ill in fro nt of the rectory is cleared Steffen, Arthur Woelfel, Mrs. Wilbert away; bottom: the gene ral fire of Steffen, Mrs. Arthur Wollersheim, Joseph 1918, which destroyed a whole black. Steffen, Miss Dolores Wollersheim, Mrs. Joseph 97 ~ -

SPONSORS OF THE ST. NAZIANZ CENTENNIAi. BOOK

A & P. Food Stores Doctors Belson and Radl F. C. Buerstaette Company Burger Boat Company East Wisconsin Trustee Company Fenner Brey Engineering Company Gatermann Manufacturing Company Milt Green Printing Gregory-Youngstrom Clinic Invincible Metal Furniture Company Harold C. Kallies, Plumbing and Heating Kasper Construction Company Frank J. Kerscher Company Kingsbury Breweries Lakeside Packing Company Manitowoc Engineering Corporation Manitowoc Seed Company Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company Napp Office and School Supply Company Neumeyer Art Studio, Photography and Photo Supplies Northern Wisconsin Produce Company Martin Ouker Pauly and Pauly Company, Wholesale Cheese J . C. Penny Company Fred Radant Sons Frederick W. Raeuber, Architect Rahr Malting Company A. M. Richter Sons Dr. Wm. A. Rauch Schmitz and Schmitz, Attorneys at Law Schmidtman Company Schuette Brothers Company Sorge Ice Cream and Dairy Company J. J. Stangel Hardware Company Julius J . Wergin, Painter and Decorator White House Milk Company, Incorporated Wisconsin Public Service Corporation

For the time and labor they expended in working on mas \iVambach, S.D.S., and the Salvatorian Fathers' Pub· the jubilee book the centenn.ial committee wishes to Jishing Department; James Kobriger, Lucille H ei nzen, thank everyone concerned, especially I-larold Dietrich Shirley Knier, Mary Joa n \Meber, Cenrose and Corinne of the Arthur Neumeyer Studios, Brillion; Brother Cos· Heinzen, and Mabe! \i\lagner. 98