DOCSLIB.ORG

The Development of the French Monarchy Under

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

DC CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library DC 88.5.T47 Development of the £,?!|fifi«^ 3 1924 028 154 676 PRINTEOtNU.S.A. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028154676 THE DEVELOPMENT FRENCH MONARCHY UNDER LOUIS VI. LE GROS i i 08-1 1 37 A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS LITERATURE, AND SCIENCE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY JAMES WESTFALL THOMPSON, A.B. CHICAGO Zbe IHnfversitfi of Cbicago ©teas 1895 TO BENJAMIN S. TERRY, Ph.D., PROFESSOR OF MEDIAEVAL AND ENGLISH HISTORY, IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, THIS STUDY OF THE FRENCH FEUDAL MONARCHY IS DEDICATED WITH THE HOMAGE OF THE AUTHOR 3>c T4 7 CONTENTS. VII- BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following list is as exhaustive a bibliography as could be compiled. In the nature of things it could be amplified by researches in the Bibliotheque Nationale. No one who has not learned them from his own experience, can realize the difficulties under which an American student labors, in making a thorough study of European — and especially mediaeval history, so far from the sphere of action. Hitherto, in Graduate Schools, the emphasis has been almost wholly laid upon American history and institu- tions. Almost all the chronicles cited may be found in the Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, Paris, 1738— 1876, 23 vols. Edited by Bouquet, Brial, Pardessus, Delisle, and others. Tomes XII. to XV. contain the sources of the period under con- sideration. Reference to these volumes have been cited simply "H. F." In chronicles or letters of special importance, fuller indication is made. The most important NARRATIVE SOURCES. Sugerius, Vita Ludovici VI. Grossi sive Crassi regis, Philippi I. filii. Edition of Molinier. Collection de Texles de la Socie'te de T £cole des Chartes. Paris, 1887. This is uniformly cited unless that of the Socie'te de VHistoire de France is mentioned. The latter is : SUGERIUS, Vita Ludovici VI. Grossi, etc. — Liber de Rebus sua administratione gestis. Willelmus, Vita Sugerii, abbatis S. Dionysii. Edition of Lecoy de la Marche. Paris, 1867. Ordericus VlTALIS, Historica Ecclesiastica. Societi de I'Histoire de France. Edition of Leprevost, 5 vols. Paris, 1838-55. Galbertus Brugensis, Passio Karoli comilis Flandriae. Collection de Textes de la Society de V E-cole des Chartes, Edition of Pirenne. Paris 1891. Chronicon Morigniacensis Monasterii, ord. S. Benedicti, H. F., XII. Henrici Huntendunsis, Historia Anglorum, Edition of Arnold, Rolls Series. London, 1879. Willelmi Malmsbiriensis, De Gestis Regum Anglorum, Edition of Stubbs, Rolls Series, 2 vols., Ibid. London, 1887. viii BIBLIOGRAPHY. DOCUMENTARY SOURCES. Epistolae Ludovici VI., H. F., XV. " — Sugerii " — Si. Bernardi " — Ivonis Carnotensis, " XII. Vie et de son Regne {1081-1137), Luchaire, Louis VI. (le Gros) ; Annates de sa avec une Introduction historique. Paris, 1890. Ordonnances des Rots de France de la III s race jusqu'en 1514. 22 vols., Paris, 1723-1849. Tomes I, VII, XI, XII. TARDIF, Monuments historiques, 2 vols., Paris, 1866. Teulet, Layettes du Tresor des Charles, 3 vols., Paris, 1863, Vol. I. Viollet, Une Grande Chronique latine de Saint Denis. Observations four servir a Vhistoire critique des Oeuvres de Suger, in Bibliotheque de t Ecole des Charles, XXXIV, 1873. Robert, Histoire et bullaire du pape Calixte II. (1119-1124). Essaide Restitution. 2 vols., Paris, 1891. Langlois, Textes Relatifs a V'Histoire du Parlement depuis les Origines jusqu'en 1314. Collection de Textes de la Societe de l' Ecole des Chartes Paris, 1888. Mabillon, De Re Diplomatica. Second Edition. Paris, 1709. Brussel, Nouvel Examen de V Usage general des fiefs en France. 2 vols,, Paris, 1727. Collection de documents inidits sur FHistoire de France. Guerard, Cartulaire delEglise Notre- Dame de Paris. 4 vols. Paris, 1850. — Cartulaire de St. Denis, 6 vols. Paris, 1839-1852. — Cartulaire del'abbaye de Saint Pere a Chartres. 2 vols. Paris, 1840. Du Cange, Glossarium, New Edition, 10 vols. Paris, 1883. AUTHORITIES. Luchaire, Histoire des Institutions Monarchiques de la France sous les premiers Capitiens, (987-1180). 2 vols. Second Edition. Paris, 1891. Contains Appendix of original documents. — Manuel des Institutions Francaises. Paris, 1892. — Les Communes Francaises a VEpoque des Capetiens directs. Paris, 1890. — La Cour du Roi et ses fonctions judiciaires sous le Regne de Louis VI. (1108- 1137), in Annales de la Faculti des Lettres de Bourdeaux, 1880. — Remarques sur la- Succession des Grands Ojficiers de la Couronne, (1108- 1 180). In Annales de la Faculti des Lettres de Bourdeaux, 1881. VlOLLET, Histoire du Droit Francais. Paris, 1886. Flach, Les Origines de Vancienne France. 2 vols. Paris, 1886. Combes, L'Abbe Suger: Histoire de son Ministere et de sa Rigence. Paris, 1853. Huguenin, Etude sur I'abbe Suger. Paris, 1855. Robert, Histoire du Pape Calixtell. Paris, 1891. Vuitry, Etudes sur le Regime financier de la France avant la Revolution de 1789. 3 vols. Paris, 1878-1883. Vol. I. BIBLIOGRAPHY. »X PARDESSUS, Essai Historiqae sur V Organisation judiaaire et V Administration de la justice. Paris, 1851. Henrion, De I'Autoritl judiciaire en France. Paris, 1827. Dulaure, Histoire de Paris. Paris, 1829. (Fourth Edition). Brequignv, Recherches sur les Communes et les Bourgeoisies. Preface to Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, tomes XI, XII. Gross, Gild Merchant. 2 vols. Oxford, 1890. Daniel, Histoire de la Milice francaise et des Changements qui s'y sont /aits 1 depuis Vetablissement de la Monarchic francaise dans les Gaules jusqu a la fin du Rigne de Louis le Grand. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1724. Gaillard, Histoire de la Rivaliti de la France et de VAngleterre. 6 vols. Paris, 1818. Vol. I. Lamprecht, E.tude sur 1'F.tat economique de la France pendant la premiire partie du Moyen-Age. Translated by A. Marignan. Paris, 1889. Boutaric, Institutions Militaires de la France. Paris, 1863. Glasson, Histoire Du Droit des Institutions de la France. To be complete in ten volumes. Paris, 1884, ff. Vols. IV-V. Imbart DE la Tour, Les Elections episcopates dans I'Eglise de France du IX C s au XIII Slides. Paris, 1 891. Baron de Nervo, Les Finances francaises sous lancienne Monarchic, la Re'publique, la Consulat et I' Empire, 3. vols. Paris, 1863. Vol.1. Emile Lair, Des Hautes Cours Politiques en France et a VEtranger. Paris, 1889. Guizot, History of Civilization in France. New York. Hazlitt's Translation. Many editions. Rameaud, Histoire de la Civilisation francaise. 2 vols. Fifth Edition. Paris, 1893. Giesebrecht, Geschichte der dezilschen Kaiserzeit. 5 vols. Vol. III., Fifth Edition. Leipzig, 1890. PFISTER, Atudes sur le Regne de Robert le Pieux, Paris 1885. Petit, Histoire des Dues de Bourgogne de la Race capetienne. 5 vols. Dijon, 1885. Vol. I. r Chevalier, Repertoire des sources historiques du J4/0j'£rc-/4g £— Bio-bibliographie. Dareste, Histoire de VAdministration et des progres du pouvoir royal en France. 2 vols. Paris, 1848. C. P. Marie-Haas, HAdministration de la France. Four volumes in two. Paris, 1861. Vol. I. AUBERT, Z<? Parlement de Paris de Philippe le Bel a Charles VII. (1314-1422). Paris, 1886. FREEMAN, History of the Norman Conquest of England. 5 vols. Third Edition. Oxford, 1876-1877. Vol. V. — The Reign of William Rufus. 2. vols. Oxford, 1882. Stubbs, Constitutional History of England. 3 vols. Fifth Edition. Oxford, 1891. Vol. I. x BIBLIOGRAPHY. Palgrave, History of England and Normandy. 4 vols. Vol. IV. London, 1864. Ranke, Franzbsische Geschichte. Werke, VIII. NoRGATE, England under the Angevin Kings. 2 vols. London, 1 887. Walker, On the Increase of Royal Power in France under Philip Augustus. Leipzig, 1888. Thierry, Hisloire du Tiers-Elat. Paris, 1853. — Lettres sur VHistoire de France. Seventh Edition. Paris, 1859. Raynouard, Histoire du Droit Municipal en France. Paris, 1829. 2 vols. Clamageran, Histoire de I'ImpSt en France. 2 vols. Paris, 1867. Pigeonneau, Histoire du Commerce de la France. 2 vols. Paris, 1889. Levasseur, Histoire des Classes Ouvrieres en France. 4 vols. Paris,. 1859. BRENTANO, Introduction to Montchretien, Traite de VCEconomie politique. Paris, 1889. Brentano, On the History and Development of Gilds. London, 1870. Schaeffner, Geschichte der Rechtsverfassung Frankreichs. 4 vols. Frank- fort, 1845-9. Vo1 - 2 - Lea, History of Sacerdotal Celibacy. Philadelphia, 1886. Langlois, Le Rigne de Phillippe le Hardi. Paris, 1887. Secretan, Essai sur la Feodalite. Lausanne, 1858. Laurent, La Feodalite etl'Eglise. Second Edition. Paris, 1865. Bibliotheque des Hautes Etudes: GlRY, Histoire de la Ville de Saint Omer. Paris, 1877. —Etablissements de Rouen. 2 vols. Paris, 1885. Le Franc, Histoire de la Ville de Noyen. Paris 1887. Wauters, Les Libertes Com?nunales. Essai sur leur origines et leurs premiers developpements en Belgique, dans le Nord de la France et sur les bords du Rhin. 2 vols. Bruxelles, 1872. Taillar, Notice sur I'origine de la formation des villages du Nord de la France. Douai, 1862. Hirsch, Studien zur Geschichte Kbnig Ludwigs VII. von Frankreich (11 19- 1160). Leipzig, 1892. Lalanne, Dictionnaire hisiorique. Second Edition. Paris, 1887. Cheruel, Dictionnaire historique des Institutions de laFrance. 2 vols. Paris, 1880. Henault, Abregi Chronologique de IHistoire de France. 2 vols. Paris, 1823. Longnon, Atlas historique de la France. Troisieme Livraison. Paris, 1889. Phillips, Der Ursprung des Regalienrechts in Frankreich. Halle, 1870. Thiel, Die politische Thatigkeit des Abtes Bernhard von Clairvaux. Hores, Das Bistum Ca?nbrai, seine polit. und kirchl. Beziehungen zu Deutsch- land, Frankreich und Flandern, und Entwicklung der Commune von Cam- brai (1092-1191). Leipzig, 1882. SPECIAL ARTICLES, OR ESSAYS. Revue de deux Mondes, Oct., 1873, p. 581. Origines de VAdministration royale en France. BIBLIOGRAPHY. XI Revue historique, XXXVII. (1888). Luchaire: Louis le Gros et son Palatins.
Recommended publications
  • Louis VII and the Towns

    Louis VII and the Towns

    Chapter 4 All Citizens High and Low: Louis VII and the Towns Steven Isaac Introduction On 8 August 1137, Louis the Young, son of King Louis VI of France, was in Poitiers where, with his bride of two weeks, Eleanor of Aquitaine, they were recognized as duke and duchess of the province. Although he appears not to have known so on that day, the prince was already king. Louis VI had died on the first of August, and messengers found Louis VII either in Poitiers or on the road therefrom soon after his ducal coronation. In theory, he had been king since 1131 because of the Capetian practice of anointing sons during their own lifetime so as to ensure less dynastic disruption. That said, there was no misunderstanding that Louis VI remained fully in power until the end. Along with the announcement of Louis VI’s death, or so close on its heels as not to matter, came a different sort of news: the inhabitants of Orléans had decided to create their own local government, a commune. In doing so without permis- sion, they were effectively staging a rebellion. Thus, the newly married, new- to- power king faced his first crisis within days. He was all of sixteen years old.1 The paucity of narrative sources that marks much of Louis VII’s reign does not let us know what motivated the Orléanais at this exact moment. Likely, they saw an opportunity in his youth and inexperience, but they were to be disap- pointed. Louis VII moved against the town immediately and “chastised” it.2 The next spring, the situation seemed to repeat itself and worsen when the burghers of Poitiers formed themselves into a commune.
  • Louis Ix, King of France

    Louis Ix, King of France

    pg 1/3 King Louis IX of France Born: 25 Apr 1215 Poissy, FRA Married: Margarite de Provence Died: 25 Aug 1270 FRA Parents: King Louis VIII & Blanche de Castile Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 to his death. He was also Count of Artois (as Louis II) from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was a member of the House of Capet and the son of King Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. He is the only canonised king of France and consequently there are many places named after him, most notably St. Louis, Missouri in the United States. He established the Parlement of Paris. Early life Louis was born in 1214 at Poissy, near Paris, the son of King Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. A member of the House of Capet, Louis was twelve years old when his father died on November 8, 1226. He was crowned king the same year in the cathedral at Reims. Because of Louis's youth, his mother ruled France as regent during his minority. His younger brother Charles I of Sicily (1227–85) was created count of Anjou, thus founding the second Angevin dynasty. The horrific fate of that dynasty in Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers evidently did not tarnish Louis's credentials for sainthood. No date is given for the beginning of Louis's personal rule. His contemporaries viewed his reign as co-rule between the king and his mother, though historians generally view the year 1234 as the year in which Louis began ruling personally, with his mother assuming a more advisory role.
  • History of France Trivia Questions

    History of France Trivia Questions

    HISTORY OF FRANCE TRIVIA QUESTIONS ( www.TriviaChamp.com ) 1> In what year did the twelve-year Angevin-Flanders War end? a. 369 b. 1214 c. 1476 d. 1582 2> Which English King invaded Normandy in 1415? a. Henry V b. Charles II c. Edward d. Henry VIII 3> Where was Joan of Arc born? a. England b. Switzerland c. Germany d. France 4> Signed in 843, the "Treaty of Verdun" was an agreement between Charles the Bald and whom? a. Charles the Simple b. Louis the Stammerer c. Louis the German d. Odo 5> Eleanor of Aquitaine was the Queen of France from August 1137 to March 1152. During this time, whom was she married to? a. Louis VI of France b. Philip II of France c. Louis VII of France d. Philip I of France 6> Which country massacred the French garrison in Bruges in 1302? a. Spain b. Germany c. The Country of Flanders d. England 7> What sport did Louis X play? a. Croquet b. Cricket c. Tennis d. Golf 8> How was Charles V known? a. Charles the Wise b. Charles the Short c. Charles the Simple d. Charles the Bald 9> Which French King suffered from mental illness, which earned him the name "The Mad"? a. Benito b. Charles VI c. Louis II d. Phillip I 10> Where is the Basilica of St. Denis? a. Bordeaux b. Toulouse c. Paris d. Tours 11> Who was holding Leonardo da Vinci when he died? a. Eleanor of Aquitaine b. Francis I c. Napoleon d. Cardinal Richelieu 12> Home of Louis XIV, where is the famous Sun Palace located? a.
  • Inauguration and Images of Kingship in England, France and the Empire C.1050-C.1250

    Inauguration and Images of Kingship in England, France and the Empire C.1050-C.1250

    Christus Regnat: Inauguration and Images of Kingship in England, France and the Empire c.1050-c.1250 Johanna Mary Olivia Dale Submitted for examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of History November 2013 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Abstract This thesis challenges the traditional paradigm, which assumes that the period c.1050-c.1250 saw a move away from the ‘biblical’ or ‘liturgical’ kingship of the early Middle Ages towards ‘administrative’ or ‘law-centred’ interpretations of rulership. By taking an interdisciplinary and transnational approach, and by bringing together types of source material that have traditionally been studied in isolation, a continued flourishing of Christ-centred kingship in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries is exposed. In demonstrating that Christological understandings of royal power were not incompatible with bureaucratic development, the shared liturgically inspired vocabulary deployed by monarchs in the three realms is made manifest. The practice of monarchical inauguration forms the focal point of the thesis, which is structured around three different types of source material: liturgical texts, narrative accounts and charters. Rather than attempting to trace the development of this ritual, an approach that has been taken many times before, this thesis is concerned with how royal inauguration was understood by contemporaries. Key insights include the importance of considering queens in the construction of images of royalty, the continued significance of unction despite papal attempts to lower the status of royal anointing, and the depth of symbolism inherent in the act of coronation, which enables a reinterpretation of this part of the inauguration rite.
  • The Hundred Years'

    The Hundred Years'

    Europe in the 6c Charlemagne: 742 to 814 Charlemagne’s Empire Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 The Carolingian Renaissance Carolingian Empire/Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne (Metz, Germany), early ninth century Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843 The Rise of European Monarchies: England Vikings, Magyars, Mongols… Many of the Nations or “Ethnicities” were formed during the Middle Ages Germanic Tribes merged with Norsemen, Celts, etc. Northern Slavs- Modern-day Poles, Czechs, Russians, etc. Pagans to Roman Catholics or Eastern Orthodox Viking Age Explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic from the late 8th to the mid-11th century. These Norsemen (Northmen) used their famed longships to travel as far east as Constantinople and the Volga River in what would become Russia, and as far west as Iceland, Greenland, and Newfoundland ---- (Minnesota’s Kensington Runestone c.1364?) As far south as Al-Andalus Spain Medieval history of Scandinavia, Great Britain, Ireland and the rest of Europe in general. Norsemen-Normans, Russians- Novgorod and Kiev, Anglo-Saxons, Jutes, Danes, Swedes, etc. Two views of the Oseberg ship (Oslo) English Monarchies House of Normandy - 1066-1154 House of Plantagenet -1154-1399 YRichard the Lionheart Y(r. 1189-1199)-Crusades- Saladin YJames I Y(r. 1199-1216)-Magna Carta House of Lancaster – 1399-1461 William I (r. 1066-1087) Change of rulers creation of feudal state Programs of building
  • Kings of France - Part 1

    Kings of France - Part 1

    Case study 11 11 Kings of France - Part 1 Objective. This study describes the French royal dynasty since Hughes Capet in 941. Its underlying goal is to study some properties and algo- rithms of widespread tree data structures. This first document of a series of two analyzes the dynasty of Kings of France, stores it in a database and extracts some simple information from it. The next study will be devoted to the derivation of more complex information. Keywords. genealogy, tree, cyclic data structure, interval, ordering rela- tion, temporal query, de Morgan law. 11.1 Introduction Kings and queens generally have complicated lives, full of wars, plots, crimes, betrayal, family affairs, political alliances, unhappy marriages, mistresses, lovers, bastard and hidden children. Just to begin with. The genealogy of Kings of France is one of the most turbulent, and therefore interesting lineages. Fortunately, the Salic law1, edicted by King Clovis I in the 6th century, to which the Frankish government system was submitted, introduced important constraints in the royal inheritance principles that will substantially simplify the representation of French royal lineages in a database. One of the titles 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salic_law 2 Case study 11 • Kings of France - Part 1 (rules) of this law, the agnatic succession, organizes the succession of monarchs. In particular, it strictly excludes women and favours father-son or brother-brother succession, whenever possible.2 This means that, during nearly a millenary, the Kings of France are organized as a simple tree, a structure particularly straightforward to translate into data structures. It is clear that, in this organization, women would have made things much more complicated.
  • Queen Adelaide De Mauriene of France

    Queen Adelaide De Mauriene of France

    Queen Adelaide de Mauriene of France Pg 1/2 Born: 18 Nov 1092 - Maurienne, Savoie, Rhone-Alpes, France Married: August 3, 1115 King Louis VI of France Died: 18 Nov 1154 - Montmartre Abbey, Savoie, Rhone-Alpes, France Parents: Humbert II of Savoy & Gisela of Burgandy Adelaide of Savoy or Adelaide of Maurienne (Italian: Adelaide di Savoia or Adelasia di Moriana, French: Adélaïde or Adèle de Maurienne; 1092–November 18, 1154) was the daughter of Humbert II of Savoy and Gisela of Burgundy, and niece of Pope Callixtus II, who once visited her court in France. Her father died in 1103, and her mother married Renier I of Montferrat as a second husband. She became the second wife of Louis VI of France (1081-1137), whom she married on August 3, 1115. They had eight children, the second of whom became Louis VII of France. Adelaide was one of the most politically active of all France's medieval queens consort. Her name appears on 45 royal charters from the reign of Louis VI. During her tenure as queen, royal charters were dated with both her regnal year and that of the king. Among many other religious benefactions, she and Louis founded the monastery of St Peter's (Ste Pierre) at Montmartre, in the northern suburbs of Paris. She was reputed to be "ugly," but attentive and pious. She and Louis had seven sons and one daughter: Their children: 1) Philip of France (1116–1131) 2) Louis VII (1120–November 18, 1180), King of France 3) Henry (1121–1175), archbishop of Reims 4) Hugues (b.
  • England's King Henry I and the Flemish Succession Crisis of 1127-1128

    England's King Henry I and the Flemish Succession Crisis of 1127-1128

    Quidditas Volume 2 Article 5 1981 England's King Henry I and the Flemish Succession Crisis of 1127-1128 Sandy B. Hicks Texas A & I University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hicks, Sandy B. (1981) "England's King Henry I and the Flemish Succession Crisis of 1127-1128," Quidditas: Vol. 2 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol2/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. England's King Henry I and the Fl mish Succession Crisis of 1127-1128 by Sandy B. Hicks Te xas A & I Univer ity Hi torians have long appreciated the political significance of the Flemish Succc ion ri i of 1127-28 upon the development of both Flander and Capetian France.1 Ang lo- orman peciali t . though, have generally o,erlo ked the critical impact this crisis had upon the latter years of the reign of King Henr I and, indeed , upon th"' future direction of the Anglo- orman tate. 1 Thi paper will e xamine why He nry judged the cri i a a threat to the very ur i al of hi own realm. how he re ponded to it, and why it was of uch importa nce to Eng land and ormandy .
  • King Louis VII of France Pg 1/2

    King Louis VII of France Pg 1/2

    King Louis VII Of France Pg 1/2 Born: 1120 - Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France Married: Adela of Champagne Died: 18 Sep 1180 - , Paris, Ile-de-France, France Parents: King Louis VI & Adelaide of Maurienne Louis VII, called the Younger or the Young, French: Louis le Jeune (1120 – 18 September 1180), was King of France, the son and successor of Louis VI (hence his nickname). He ruled from 1137 until his death. He was a member of the House of Capet. His reign was dominated by feudal struggles (in particular with the Angevin family), and saw the beginning of the long feud between France and England. It also saw the beginning of construction on Notre-Dame de Paris and the disastrous Second Crusade. Early life Louis VII was born in 1120, the second son of Louis VI of France and Adelaide of Maurienne. As a younger son, Louis VII had been raised to follow the ecclesiastical path. He unexpectedly became the heir to the throne of France after the accidental death of his older brother, Philip, in 1131. A well- learned and exceptionally devout man, Louis VII was better suited for life as a priest than as a monarch. In his youth, he spent much time in Saint-Denis, where he built a friendship with the Abbot Suger which was to serve him well in his early years as king. Early reign In the same year he was crowned King of France, Louis VII was married on 25 July 1137 to Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, heiress of William X of Aquitaine.
  • Jacques De M Jacques De Molay

    Jacques De M Jacques De Molay

    Jacques De Molay Born 1240–1250 Franche-Comté Died 18 March 1314 Paris Nationality French Known for Knights Templar Coat of arms of Jacques de Molay Jacques de Malay (c. 1244 – 18 March 1314) [1] was the 23rd and last Grand Master of the Knights Templar , leading the Order f rom 20 April 1292 until it was dissolved by order of Pope Clement V in 1307. Though little is known of his actual life and deeds except for his last years as Grand Master, he is the best k nown Templar, along with the Order's founder and first Grand Master, Hughes de Payens (1070 –1136). Jacques de Malay’s goal as Grand Master was to reform the Order, and adjust it to the situation in the Holy Land during the waning days of the Crusades . As European support for the Crusades had dwindled, other forces were at work which sought to disband the Order and claim the wealth of the Tememplar’s as their own. King Philip IV off FranceF , deeply in debt to the Templars, had de Molay and many other French Templars arrested in 1307 and tortured into making false confessions. When de Molay later retracted his confession, Philip had him slowly burned upon a scaffold on an island in the River Seine in Paris , in March 1314. The sudden end of both the centuries-old order of Templars, and the dramatic execution of its last leader, turned de Molay into a legendary figure. Youth source Little is known of his early years, but de Molay was probably born in Molay, Haute- Saone , in the county of Burgundy , at the time a territory ruled by Otto III as part of the Holy Roman Empire , and in modern times in the area of Franche-Comté , northeastern France.
  • Our Dearest Brother

    Our Dearest Brother

    OUR DEAREST BROTHER -3- OUR DEAREST BROTHER: STUDIES IN CHANGING EXPRESSIONS OF KINSHIP IN THE RECORDS OF MEDIEVAL ROYALTY by Michael Andrews-Reading 1 Abstract Surviving royal documents from the medieval period not infrequently include statements of relationship. A detailed examination of representative collections of these documents demonstrates a gradual move away from purely factual statements of close relationships in some cases. By the time of the late Middle Ages, the use of formal and stylised kinship terms had come to reflect political and pragmatic relationships instead of strict blood ties. This article asks when such statements can be relied on as fact and seeks to chart potential changes in royal attitudes towards expressing relationship as a function of diplomatic and administrative language. Foundations (2009) 3 (1): 3-35 © Copyright FMG and the author Being related to royalty has long been considered a desirable thing. Shakespeare2 writes with a gently mocking tone of “those that are akin to the king, for they never prick their finger but they say, ‘There is some of the king’s blood spilt’”, in the hope that this may elicit a question about the relationship from among their hearers. This interest remains a feature of modern genealogical research. A wide range of royal letters and related documents addressed from or to the medieval kings of England has survived in the National Archives. Several collections of these, normally arranged by monarch, have been published, notably in the great Victorian run of publications effected under the aegis of the Master of the Rolls as keeper of the public records, called the Rolls Series (Knowles, 1963).
  • Reconstructing a Broken Volume of Jean De Vignay's "Miroir Historial"

    Reconstructing a Broken Volume of Jean De Vignay's "Miroir Historial"

    Miscellaneous minor manuscripts: Reconstructing a broken volume of Jean de Vignay's "Miroir historial" The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Weaver, Hannah. 2019. Miscellaneous minor manuscripts: Reconstructing a broken volume of Jean de Vignay's "Miroir historial". Harvard Library Bulletin 28 (2), Summer 2017: 81-96. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37363257 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Miscellaneous Minor Manuscripts: Reconstructing a Broken Volume of Jean de Vignay’s Miroir historial Hannah Weaver abeled “Miscellaneous Minor Manuscripts,” the dossier under the shelf mark “Cambridge, Mass., Harvard, Houghton Library, MS Fr 24.2” Lcontains two badly damaged bifolia from a single fourteenth-century manuscript, along with a ffeenth-century fragment and a nineteenth-century library record. All three items seem to have been reused as covers or parts of bindings for other manuscripts, which is perhaps why they were fled together in Harvard’s collection. Tis study will focus on the two luxurious but hard-used fourteenth-century bifolia. Teir format, content, and illumination contribute to an identifcation of these fragments as part of a known volume of Jean de Vignay’s Miroir historial, apparently dismembered in the Tours region and repurposed as covers for departmental registers. Tey are the third fragment of this codex to resurface.1 I am grateful to Bill Stoneman, Peter Kidd, Jefrey Hamburger, and François Avril for their generous help and encouragement with this project.