Berain Farm Llannefydd, Conwy

researched and written by Gill. Jones & Ann Morgan 2015 Contents

page

1. Building Description 2

2. Early Background History 7

3. 16 th Century 10

4. 17 th Century 19

5. 18 th Century 28

6. 19 th Century 29

7. 20 th Century 36

Appendices Pedigrees 1. Robert Tudur 38 2. Katheryn of Berain and the Tudors 39 3. Salusbury Family 41 4. Cotton Family 42 5. Thelwall Family 43 6. Fitzmaurice Family 44 7. Griffith Family of Garn 45 8. Dinorben Family of Kinmel 46

9. Will of David Vaughan 47 10. Will of Catherine Vau ghan 48 11. Map of the local area 49 12. Glossary 50

1. Building Description

Berain Farm Grade 2 listed NGR SJ 007 697 6 th October1952

 
                         
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N.B. During this period, Berain would not have been the name of a house, but instead that of the 'villata' or' township in which it was located. According to the Welsh legal custom people were described as 'of the township' in which they resided, and not by the name of the house in which they lived. That came much later.

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Sir John Salusbury  Sir John Salusbury was probably living at Lleweni at the time of his mother's death and did not return to Berain. His brother's wife and daughter may, however, have continued living there. It is not clear whether Thomas's daughter, Margaret, inherited any of Katheryn's properties or lands. She eventually married William Norris of Speke Hall, Lancashire.

7 17th Century During the 17 th century, it is likely that the capital messuage of Berain was leased to tenants. Numerous leases are recorded for Berain but it is not always clear whether these refer to tenements and lands in the township of Berain or Berain Hall itself.

1607, April 23 SURVEY


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A settlement drawn up between Sir John Salusbury and Sir Thomas Myddleton prior to the marriage of Henry Salusbury (son and heir of Sir John Salusbury) and Hester Myddleton includes messuages and lands in Berain.

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A document dated January 11 th 1608/9 records Henry Salusbury esq. , eldest son and heir of Sir John Salusbury (1567-1613), as 'of Beraigne' which may indicate that he had been ceded the property although he may not have been actually living in the house at this time.

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This lists about 50 tenancies with a total rental value of £196 8s 8d.

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This describes mainly parcels of arable lands with just a small number of pastures, meadows and woods. In total there are 37 separate parcels or closes of lands named. Once again there is no mention of any dwellings.

Sir John Salusbury    24th July 1612.

 
 
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Sir John Salusbury had obviously left significant debts and in order to discharge them, Henry had to relinquish messuages and lands in three counties to Sir Thomas Middleton. Berain was not included.

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Sir Henry Salusbury      ! A   * 06&       & (  * )D4  @ E  L   *D   " */  %      < " =$             

1632, Sept. 7 :D: ) "   3  !+*% %     )D4  ; *     )   )) 8%%     $  ))              /     ;& ;  ! 
;;5!3 202$

 [1632 - 43] ABSTRACT    ; ) ;           Beryne ! 
;;5!3 26$ %'$

[1632-43] WILL  copy$ & ;  ! */*N06O*           *; ) ;  ! 
;;5!3 7'$

1632, Nov. - 1632/3 Feb. 25 BOOK   
;           *    !   Beraing*  %     *       !   Beraing*     8* # + *!   * Beraing &  *) %    < *    ! *<   Beraing* )  ! 
;;5!3 72$

1633-5 MEMORANDUM   . %  )*  )  Berringe *  ) .*  )*  ! 
;;5!3 2$

In 1633 - 246 sheep were sold; in 1634 - 215 and in 1635 - 285.

1633, April 12 MEMORANDUM     !  #  *    ! 
;;5!3 2 $

The Inquisition Post Mortem, to establish the lands/properties of Sir Henry Salusbury and the name and age of his heir, was held about three months after Dame Elizabeth's request. As a result the Lleweni estate was released to Henry's son, Sir Thomas Salusbury 2 nd bart. the following month. The estate consisted of 380 messuages.

Inquisition Post Mortem. 1633, April 18  ; ) ;  ! *   *    D #    = *   *.   * E  ;  #    *  > */ 6 ;)   9 3 *   */* : "    ; . 9 * 3  *   RELEASE   ) *) *)* * *   ; ) ;                 D  #     E   ;         %        %)  )   ))  +   + )   %)    )        %      ;)   : "       C ;             quod ei deforciat   ) 67) *   * * ! * &  *   * :  * C  +  * 8  ) * 8* # . * #  * 9 * ! +  * < * ". * !   8  * 8   " * 8 .* 5  ; * !   * " + * !  * !  * Beraing*
  .* <  < * &   * 3. *  * ;   ) * C  * "   * : *+ *8 *9 % *!*  *# . + *#  *8 *
+  *  * 3  ) = * # * !  *   "  * D    D  ! 
;;5!3 6 $

 1633, May 3   )  %E   C  *   *  *  )    ;&  ;   ! *   ; ) ;  ! *   RELEASE      %     ;& ; *  ! 
;;5!3 7$ Several leases were awarded between 1633 -1635 for land and property in the township of Berain. None appear to refer to Berain itself. (pp.23-24) It is possible that the Salusbury family were still using it as a residence. Perhaps for younger members of the Lleweni family.

1633, Dec. 3  ; ) ;  ! *   *    E  :   #  *   *   LEASE    )    Berraigne  
 :         -           :   % )  9     *M9
 < : %C =  < # : ?K'    " )   3 ?V&  * +> .*3 )3  ! 
;;5!3 6$

1634, May 29  < " =   ) !  C + * < */ GRANT         ) .%    :+C    "    3   !+   )    ;  )  ; *   *      ; &  ; *#  *  8  ?      )   * *     ;& ;     ; ) ;    )  7      $* C  * ! *8*# . *#  * # . *# +.*" + *< * !     % :      *   * 3. 
  .    )   P + *   ! * C    * 8  ) * 9 * !+  * < * <. * !  * 8  * 8   " *8 *5  ;  )*!   *&  * Beraigne*&   * * C   ) *C  *" +  *: *+*8*9 % *!*   *# . + *#  *8 *
+  * *!  *"  *D   D.      %    *     *   9  * &  *
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;;5!3 7 $

1634, Oct. 7 RECEIPT E   +! *      <    ))  =    +> .     ; ) ; *  *     Beraigne   !      
 )     ) K66  ! 
;;5!3  2 $

Sir Thomas Salusbury, son of Sir Henry Salusbury, had his wardship released by the crown in 1635, having paid his dues to the King.

1634/5, Feb. 20   ) !  %C + * < */  ; ) ;  ! *   RELEASE   * % )     ; ) ;  ! 
;;5!3  $

6 1635, Aug. 17  ; ) ;  ! *    E    %:  #  * )  LEASE     )    < . *<   *"  *<  < *M8 *M%% M<    #       <  +D  : ?K*  )  6 *   ( .   & ?  3 ? +> .*ED *3 )3  ! 
;;5!3  2'$

1635, Oct. 2  S ) ;  ! *    > . %E  &  #  *   * ) LEASE     )    M<          %     > . %E  &  :   )  #   : ? K62*   %  6*    .   & ?3 ? ) D * C  D*: D  *%   ! 
;;5!3  0$

1635, Oct. 2  ; ) ;  ! *    :   %:  #  *   * ) LEASE     )           % #   : ? K66 *  )   6*    ( .    & ? 07 3 ?& D * ) D *C  D ! 
;;5!3 2$

1635, Oct. 2  ; ) ;  ! *    > . %&  #  *   * ) LEASE     )     #            #    : ? K*    %   6*    (  .      & ? 6 3 ?> .& * +> .* +!* ) D  ! 
;;5!3 7$

1635, Oct. 11  ; ) ;  ! *    E   %3 )9   #  *   * ) LEASE     )      5    M8* 8* M  ! +*   : ?K6     .    & ?6 3 ?E . "  * D  ! 
;;5!3 0$

1636, Oct. 28 EXEMPLIFICATION    +  C ;        % E      3 ) % E    * )  *   % :  *  *  7 ) * * * Beraynge C  L ?5   % + Latin ! 
;;5!3 $

1636, Nov. 12 RECEIPTS  )E  C  %=+   +> . K66    (   <  
 )          ; ) ; *  *

 )   !   Berraigne *   & E     %     )  9*    ( %    )  9 %      + %E

 3 *    '       (      <        ;  )  ;      <    ))  < ) ! 
;;5!3  2$

1638, Sept. 6 CERTIFICATE 3 )C  *& V*D 3  ) #            ))  ) "   D /    
        :  D+ */*%  * ; ) ; *  *  *    +       #+    %  *+4*< E .*# #  # .D   M" . *  *< D  *< > 8 %* < <+ #  *     )    + 2D4   # .      )       <      %  -       %  # #  ! 
;;5!3 $

Sir Thomas Salusbury 2nd baronet of Lleweni died in 1643. His eldest son, Thomas (b.1634), was a minor when his father died and so he was made a ward of the Crown. A jury was empanelled to hold an Inquisition Post Mortem. Administration of his estate was granted to his mother, Dame Hester Salusbury.

1643, Aug. 10 ORDER E   **;)  *D3 )* 3 );    ;    * ))  -  /     ; ) ;  ! 
;;5!3 200$

1643, Aug. 30 LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION   &  ; *    ; &  ;   ! * *  ! 
;;5!3  '$

Sir Thomas Salusbury 3 rd baronet succeeded to the Lleweni estate on reaching his majority. A marriage was arranged for his sister, Hester Salusbury, to Sir Robert Cotton of Combermere (b.1635) in Cheshire. (Appendix 4 – Cotton Family pedigree)

1657, Oct. 17 1. :  "  "))* " */ 2. ; ) ;  ! *   ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT   )     :  "  & *    ; ) ; *   %   K6$   &  ! 
;;5!3 7$

Sir Thomas Salusbury 3 rd baronet died unmarried in 1657/8. His younger brother, Sir John Salusbury (b.1637) became the 4 th baronet and inherited the Lleweni estate, which included Berain. He married Jane William in 1664 but when he died in 1684, he also left no heirs. His sister, Hester Salusbury, succeeded to the title of Lleweni. She and her husband moved to Lleweni Hall. This was a much bigger estate than Sir Robert's estate of Combermere and the house was also much grander. Consequently, Robert and Hester made it their principal seat.

[1658-84] CASE    ( %      K6 %   )& ;  !  & "   6E 0  ! 
;;5!3 76$

 N07,7 O OPINION   ) " %    )   )  6E 0    %     ! & "  ! 
;;5!3 7'$

Hearth Tax 1663 In England and Wales, a tax on hearths was introduced on the 19 th May 1662. Householders were required to pay a charge of 2s per annum for each hearth, with half of the payment due at Michelmas and the other half at Lady Day. Exemptions were those in receipt of poor relief and anyone whose house was worth less than 20s a year. A revision of the Act in 1664 made the tax payable by all who had more than two chimneys. It was eventually abolished in 1689.

8   ) Wil. John Williams    +   Berain   )    &       &%    

1686, June 26 1. ;:  "  " ))* " *.       2. ; ) 
    9 +* " *  * ;E  " P . *  " *.    REVOCATION  %  7E 07 +   % )    )    !    !   ) *  *  *    % *  )    % ! *D+ *&  *9 *! *!   * Berigne*!*9 % * ! *3.*
  *;   *  *8*8 *C*! ; * !  * 3  )*   *    ;E  ; *  ! 
;;5!3 0$

1686, July 1. ; ) 
*  *     ;E  ; *  2. ;:  "   )&  BARGAIN AND SALE  % % % 5 02 7E 072 ! 
;;5!3 0$

1686, July  ; ) 
    !   * !   *.   *3 )   ,,,,*E  3  
 *     * /*  E  
   C   *     * ++      ;E  ; * 
*076  ;:  "  " ))* " *.      *  )D *      ;E  ;  CONVEYANCE  !  %     & "   "  ! 
;;5!3 20$

1686, July 15  ;  ) 
   "   !   *   !   * .   * ; 3 )   * .   *      * E   3  
 *     * /*  E  
   C   *     * /* ++        ; E   ; *    ;:  "  "))* " *.      *  )& *      ;E  ;  RELEASE  % % % 5 02*7E *072 ! 
;;5!3 0$

0 1687, June 28  ;  ) 
   "   !   *   !   * .   * ; 3 )   * .   *    * E  3  
 *   */*++      ;E  ;  ! *  * *  
*076  ;:  "  "))* " *.      *  )& *      ;E  ;  RELEASE   % )  !   )  9 . ! *  )        %    %  ! * D+ * &  * 9 *  * !   * Beraigne, !* 9 % * ! * 3.*
  * ;   *   * 8*   #  * C  * ! +   3  )*     *  !+  *8 *C*!  *!  *    "  + * ;.+ *  >  ! 
;;5!3 02$

Over time, the crown sold off much of the original territory of the lordship, particularly during the reign of Charles I and, also during the Commonwealth period. In 1696, William III briefly made a grant of the lordship of Denbigh, to the Earl of Portland. The inhabitants of Denbigh objected to this so strongly that they petitioned Parliament and had the grant rescinded.

2 18th Century & ; * ;:  "  " )) ! *    * 2 !  *  #  *%   & 2& *; ) " 02$    

Sir Thomas Cotton  " ))  ! *   #       *   2 & )  9 %  ! *      ;  )  ! * C +   E )      %   *;:  " 0'$

    )  +    %  ;:  =  )     !   )    ( capital messuage of Beran Hall  (T     )   !    Beran Hall and Demesne *      )    )   ! T     E   ) * +:  *3 )&  D 3 )( =   * +*       +  #     )     ) %   %+     066,06 % $

[18th cent.] ABSTRACT               #  *  % )    ! *   Beran Hall ) *)    ! *)  !    !   *  )    )    # .     %      !   *   ;:  ; " *  *  ! 
;;5!3 2$

Sir Robert Salusbury Cotton, 3rd Bart.     2 7 &   )  D4    ) *      D    *      *:  ( * Sir Lynch Salusbury Cotton          

Sir Lynch-Salusbury Cotton, 4th Bart.  22&  2     ++   ;  ) "  %   * Sir Robert Salusbury Cotton 5 th bart 

By 1785, Berain was definitely occupied by tenants.

David Vaughan  Catherine     Berain )   27,2' +  9 % *!        

Baptisms – Llanefydd church 227E6  8 L    27;% )7  
L   27E  7   L  

)     #    %  !  2'E7  & L   2' )   +L   2'7 E  L   2  ;% ) %6  ;% )

7 19th Century (#  Sir Robert Salusbury Cotton's   72* !       
9*  Hon. Thomas Fitzmaurice   D  ; *    3 )9 * 
/  !   $ 8%%   0 , > 4)  % $ &           . !      K*    )     +  = 8  )    2'6* !  %   * Hon. Thomas Fitzmaurice * ! <.  8   .%   Lord Kirkwall *  .   : > + !  <.  !  77P       +     *    

%    )  C   &   !   ?H#        !   4 %     )H

1809 18th February Lord Kirkwall     !    Edward Hughes   < ) &    Dinorben family  K'**  )            &  )    )   )          < ) &        %   *  *   %*            .  ; & ("*   8%%  7!   (> )% $

1810 ! &  % %  

1811 March 6th 9 44! D D 8# )A! # )L 7,70%22

F  !    + =G& 9 44  & ! ;  # +& *"  + $

She was a direct descendant of Katheryn of Berain and Richard Clough, and was a diarist, author and patron of the arts.

Berain Farm still remained the property of Lord Dinorben after Lleweni Hall was sold.

   '  ) %     #  > )

' David Vaughan  76 &   8%%  '$ Catherine Vaughan  76'      8%%  $

# 7   + A "  (  * John Vaughan *      Berain  % %    +   %  8 D ! / +    %  

Tithe Map and Schedule 1841

3   +   .  7 *)   #  (   !       %    "  :33 )3  9  " *! 

Berraigne  ?:  &  !    ?E  L   a r p £ s d 62 %   '6  " :33 )3  67 H 0  0 H 6' H 6'   H   67 00 H 0          < )D  00  . +  6   6 H 02 '   0 H 07  A  6    H 0'  6   7 H 0 %      6 77 H 0    6 '0 H 0 H 262  6 2 H 0  22 $ 6 H 0 '  A   6 $ ' H 0 %   66 $   H 0  +&  ' $  H 0   6' $ 6  H 0  76 $ 0 H 00    0 $   H 02 %   6 $ ' H 07 H 0 $ ' H 07 H 2 $  H 0'   60 $ 6 H 00    $  H T "      '6 T

00  )   6 $ 0 H 00 066 $ 7 H 006   22 $ ' H 00 H  60 $ 6 6 H 00 H 6 $ 6 H 000 H 66 $  H 002 %   66    6 H 02 H 66 $ 6 H 026 H 6 $ 6  0 H

6 02 %    62 $ 77 H 02 %   06 $ 7 H  0766 6  

Berraigne  ?:  &  !     ?D ! D/  %   6' 0 " :33 )3   %  A  6  ' H 7 %   0 7 < )D  6 %   6  H A   %          6  H  %   60 0 H 0 %   7 6 H 2   266  H 7 %   6   H ' H  6'   H  H ' ' H  %   766 7 H     7  H 6  A%   62 6 H    A%  6 7 H  0 %       H  2 %    6 ' H  7 %   2'   H  ' %   70 2 H  %   6' 2 H  H 66 ' H  066  

5
#
%W % 

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 %)  L  )076 6 % 

6 Census Records 1841 census 9:
& 2@ @ $ Berain E L  )    8L   " L    + L   D  L    &L   ; 8L   7  E L   0  D4 L    D4 E )+  #&  2 F  " &   F  :E  )+  D  + ' F 

6 By 1851, John Vaughan had increased the acreage of his tenancy by 20 acres.

1851 census 9:
&@ 2@ 2$ Berain E L  &   )77 
! *
)%
6
8L  3  6 
&*
" L   )  
F + L   ) 6 
F D  L   )  
! *
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F E L   ) 0 
F D
L   6   
F E + ) ' )(  
F 89 +
6 + 
 F + : +
)  )+ 
F & 9 +
) 7 F 
F D  ! +
0 F 
&*
D  9 +
0 F 
F

70  ) By 1871 the acreage of the farm had increased again.

1871 census 9:
:C @02 $ Berain E L  & 3 2 )6  
! *
)%

A D  L   ) )( 
F E L   ) 66 + 
F L   ) 6 )( 

F D3) +
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F D   +
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F

Trade Directory 72 3( E L *),#

John Vaughan    2  8% 727 7 
&   ;
8%   E/ 727


John Jones )    )   4' 

1881 census 9:
:C @66$ Berain E E &  6' 8

>)) 
!*
6' 

66 E 3  6 ) 
! *
EE  ) ' +
 ) 
F E E  ) 2 )+ 
F D  L
E  7   
F 3)&
E  0   
F 8L
E   
F

Berain Outhouse &  & 3 60 8
!

"  *

# 776Griffiths Pritchard   .+ %#


Trade Directories 776 ;( C 9  *) # 770 9>     + 9  *) # (David Pritchard was the father of Griffith Pritchard) 77',' ;( C 9  *),#

6 By 1891, Berain was occupied by two tenants, Griffith Pritchard and Thomas Williams.

1891 census 9:
:C @ 06 $ Berain 
%
C 9  &  6 ) 
9*
3 " D
9  3  7 
&*
F + !
9    
! *
F D4 
9     )  
F +  +
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F 3 :D+ +
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F E +
) 6 F 
! *
F & E +
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F F &  +
) F 
&* F

1891 Berain  )3) &   ) 
!  *" 83) 3  
F :8
E  ;  
F 3)+ +
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!* :E +
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Inquisition Post Mortem At this period, when all land was held by the crown, any tenant in chief (who held directly from the crown) died, his land escheated to the crown. If there was an heir, he paid relief to the crown on taking possession; if he was under age, the crown had the right of wardship and marriage. i.e. it was entitled to the revenue of the estate, and to select the heir's bride. These rights could be sold to the highest bidder. The extent of the crown's rights was determined by the holding of an 'Inquisition Post Mortem'. The resultant inquisition gives details of the lands/properties held, date of death and the name and age of the heir. This information was sent to the Court of Chancery. N.B. If the land was part of a Lordship e.g. Denbigh, Conwy, Caernarvon the 'Lord' held the right of wardship and received the relief rather than the Crown. diem clausit extremum The phrase diem clausit extremum means 'he closed his last day', that is, he had died. A writ of Diem Clausit Extremum is one by which the heir of a deceased tenant in capite compelled the escheator to ascertain what land should escheat to the king. Upon learning the death of a tenant, the escheator would hold an inquisition post mortem to learn if the king had any rights to the land. These were often preceded by a writ of diem clausit extremum issued by the king to seize the lands.

The Court of Wards and Liveries Lands held of the King/Queen in chief were subject to wardship if they fell by inheritance into the hands of a minor. The King/Queen was entitled to the profits of the estate during the minority; s/he had the right to choose the ward's marriage partner and to enter his inheritance. In practice, the King/Queen usually sold these rights to the highest bidder. The Court of Wards and Liveries was established in the early 1540's, to take over the administration of wardship from the Court of Chancery.

Servile dues - in addition to duties on the landlord's demesne and public roads there were. Other rents and fines Toll – general names for a tax Stallage - money paid on trading booths or stalls at markets and fairs Pannage - tax levied for the right to let pigs forage in the woods Payage - tax levied for pasturage Murage - a tax paid for a feudal landowner to a Lord in lieu of service Postage – cost of sending commercial or private mail via messengers Passage – a tax levied for passage or way lease

Abstract of Title The written evidence of ownership that followed the public act of transferring land. It usually shows a detailed list of deeds showing descent of property to the present owner.

Messuages Dwelling houses; messuages with appurtenances - the houses, all the outbuildings associated with it, and also its curtilage (gardens & orchards and the 'close' or land it is built on).

Tenement  
 

  

  


 
))  

 Erratum p.36 - 1st paragraph should read:-

Richard Jones died, aged 32 years, in 1913 when his son, Thomas Morris Jones, was just 6 years old. Richard and Rose's daughter, Kate Alice Jones, died in 1920 aged 14 years.

June 2016