Scottish Spiders Araneusquadratus

Home , Epigyne, Nursery web spider, Pardosa amentata

Buglife

defence and thedefence which pedipalps have adaptedbecome toaidin feeding, and movement reproduction. Arachnidshave two further ofappendages,pairs jawsthe (chelicerae) whichare adapted for feeding and all adultpairsarachnids oflegs Almost have four adult insects which unlike all have three pairs of legs. ticksPseudoscorpiones), Ixodida)mitesand (Order Acari). (Order also (Orderharvestmenbut Opiliones),spiders scorpionsScorpiones), (Order(Order pseudoscorpions andare Spiders arachnids classified in the invertebrate Order Araneae. Arachnidsnot only includethe there them wouldbemore yourflies in house damaging insects and crops! our animportant play ecologicalSpiders environmentalroleand controlling species. insectpest many Without Th minutus native Spiders theto UK have greatrange a bodyof sizes havebeen these recorded inScotland (from atleast 28families). different ofmountains. tops the approximatelyThere are speciesofspider UK in670 inthe 38 families areSpiders fascinating foundinvertebrates diverse in range a habitatsof Spiders and their relatives Introduction to spiders Red spider mite (Family Tetranychidae) (Family mite spider Red Harvestman Harvestman Group includes decomposers and parasitic species! parasitic and decomposers includes Group Harvestmen don Harvestmen e Four e — The Invertebrate ConservationisThe Trust a Invertebrate companyRegistered by guarantee. England limited atThe in Lindens, 86 Road, Lincoln Peterborough, PE1 2SN.PE1 Peterborough, Company no. 4132695,Registered charity no, 1092293, Scottish SC040004 charity no. ) to the huge Cardinal spider ( the Cardinal huge ) to - spot orbweaver ( spot Megabunus diadema Megabunus ’ t produce silk! produce t Scottish Spiders Araneusquadratus

Tegenariaparietina

) is one of our heaviest weighing up to 2.5grams! to weighing up heaviest our of one is )

from thefrom Minutetiny maro( moneyspider Ixodes Ixodes

species) like to hitch a lift on other invertebrates! other on lift a hitch like to Neobisium carcinoides -

inside the homesfrom of our to

over 440 of440 over

Maro

© UH. Krisp © Steve Trewella Buglife Male wolf spider of structure. of swollen havesmooth which and pedipalps hint no female complexand have structure spermto pass to the Males adults are often are often adults inseen when malesbecome autumn more active females lookingfor to mate. male and Mature female ofeachspiders species a complex and uniquehave structure. genital Mature Identifying maleIdentifying and spidersfemale anatomySpider — The Invertebrate ConservationisThe Trust a Invertebrate companyRegistered by guarantee. England limited atThe in Lindens, 86 Road, Lincoln – ’ Peterborough, PE1 2SN.PE1 Peterborough, Company no. 4132695,Registered charity no, 1092293, Scottish SC040004 charity no. sepigyne.Watch immaturefor males out

tips of pedipalpstips of mature swollen malesin Pardosa amentata

Swollen palps

Scottish Spiders

sometimes a hint a of sometimes the structure. in seen immatureNot abdomen. exceptfemales atthefeaturethe ofthe underside top revealedafter the final as moult a complex Females ( Garden spider Araneus diadematus Epigyne –

the epigynethe onlyof mature is females )

Pardosa amentata

Buglife

eyesight, eyesight, are fastrunners locate and prey by detecting movement. jumping (Salticidae)(Thomisidae), spiders and spiderswoodlouse theseMany (Dyseridae). of have good includethey techniques, spiders wolf the (Lycoside),spiders (Gnaphosidae),ground spiders crab large 670A numberof our species of spiders don Activehunters spidersdo How hunt? they are able they then tosuck mashthey the up have created! chelicerae that theyusemashsolid items to prey addingup while the tobreakdigestive juices down, it digestivejuicessecreting intotheir Species prey. of onsoliditems feed to able needtoreduceliquidso prey a tosouptheir before feeding kills prey.venom the gospiders Somewraponto their prey iteminsilk feed to onlater.Spiders aren catchspiders their When prey venominject they with throughthem theirfangs of the chelicerae,this acatch flyingweb spin to passingprey, or they orhunt will actively and wait stalkand their sit or prey. onalready scavenging items! dead Spiders use techniques different prey for when hunting UK inalltheSpiders are feedingoncarnivorous, insects and other even otherspiders, sometimes Zebra (female)Zebra spider soldier beetlesoldier Xysticus Jumping spiders have four large forward facing eyes andstalk eyes facing large forward four have spiders Jumping Crab spiders wait on flowers for passing prey passing for flowers on wait spiders Crab — over power insects much larger than themselves! than larger much insects power over The Invertebrate ConservationisThe Trust a Invertebrate companyRegistered by guarantee. England limited atThe in Lindens, 86 Road, Lincoln their prey species with Peterborough, PE1 2SN.PE1 Peterborough, Company no. 4132695,Registered charity no, 1092293, Scottish SC040004 charity no.

–

when they are are when they within jump. reach they

Scottish Spiders

–

they can can they

’ t use a webusea catchto t their moreactiveprey but use

© Darren Bradley © Steven Falk Tegeneria Woodlouse spiders are nocturnal hunters with long legs long with nocturnalhunters are spiders Woodlouse Wolf spider (female) with woodlouse Dysdera and large forward projecting chelicerae to catch prey. catch to chelicerae projecting forward large and running using speed and strength to overcome prey. overcome strength to and speed using running

Wolf spiders have four large eyes and long legs for for legs long eyes and large four have Wolf spiders (larger house(larger spiders)haveteethon their species

–

they dothisby they –

they eitherthey

’ t

Buglife

it may identify alwaysbeit not possible thespiderto family from tothe are alook few web. Here for! out spiders small A number of catch webs make to prey.some are Although characteristic in shape and design Spider websSpider silkanditsSpider uses her egg sac.her silk use females so towrap eggs shetheir around carry can wait guard can prey for or (seeeggs image on right) or either inretreat vegetation ahole inor a wall wherethey purposes canspiders spinnerets, create threadsdifferentfor speedsilkthe atchanging which is drawn theirfrom threadsform spiderliquid inproteinthea at spinnerets abdomen. Silkrear the oftheir as produced is silkspiders All produce eitherfrom two or three pairsof Created by long by Created Tube web Tube web weaver Orb — Created by laceweb by spidersCreated (Family Amaurobiidae) and Tegenaria Tegenaria The Invertebrate ConservationisThe Trust a Invertebrate companyRegistered by guarantee. England limited atThe in Lindens, 86 Road, Lincoln Peterborough, PE1 2SN.PE1 Peterborough, Company no. 4132695,Registered charity no, 1092293, Scottish SC040004 charity no. -

to create to webcatching a for prey, tocreate a

Orb weavers (Family weavers Orb Araneidae) -

species offunnel (Family web Agelenidae) jawed orb weaver (Familyjawed orb weaver Tetragnathidae) and -

it is strong,it incredibly flexible and elastic. By

Scottish Spiders ’ s abdomens solidifies which to

© Roger Key © Roger Key Funnel web Funnel Sheetweb Created by moneyspiders by (Family Linyphiidae)Created lesser and Created by funnel by spidersCreated web (Family Agelenidae) quadratus femaleA Four cobweb spiders (Family Hahniidae) (Family spiders cobweb

) in silken her retreat - spot orb weaver (

Araneus

Buglife

on backs creatingor their by on nest them.a for willspiders Some female for care young their carryingby them antobecoming adultegg varies between species.the different ecdysis theirparents hatching, youngOn - spiders parasites. predatorsand Female willthen thisegg guard protects the sac.eggs This alsodryingout, from from but wrap females insilk them spinnerets their from creating an egg spiders Female are caring Afterparents! they lay alltheir eggs, spiderlings and sacs Egg combine and form and combine form large a Sometimes when number of dispersespiderlings the sameattime silkandthe land strands • • Spiderlings usingdisperse different mechanismstwo thatboth involve silk: cared For those space. by fordispersal thisfemales willbeonce they specific a have size.reached importantis that It spiderlings dispersesiblingsfrom other their toreduce for competition food and sac either in a saceither silken in it retreat hatch. carrying theyor by until

A female Nursery web spider ( spider web Nursery A female — The Invertebrate ConservationisThe Trust a Invertebrate companyRegistered by guarantee. England limited atThe in Lindens, 86 Road, Lincoln use itaas bridgenew use a area. tocross Rappelling ofsilk is strand drawn bybreezethe spinnerets. thefrom Ballooning Peterborough, PE1 2SN.PE1 Peterborough, Company no. 4132695,Registered charity no, 1092293, Scottish SC040004 charity no. ).numberofThe whenfrom moults the from hatch they abdomenlooks and thespiderlingswhen hatch they after –

they growthey moultingby their skins (known as - -

this relies strandthis silkonthe getting snaggedof onvegetation spiderling where the can whereyoungthe spidermoves toa highpoint andlifts its abdomen intothe air and a gossamer spiderlings Pisaura mirabilis Pisaura Scottish Spiders across the vegetation as vegetation as can seen the across be the inbelow. image

aresimilar inappearance to

) carries her eggs eggs ) carriesher sac under her

spiderlings abdomenher on guarding egg her

Araniella cucurbitina - sac

)