GroupWise Internet Agent

April 7, 2000 Novell Confidential Manual Rev 99a24 8 February 00

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U.S. Patent Nos. 4,555,775; 4,580,218; 5,412,772; 5,701,459; 5,717,912; 5,760,772; 5,870,739; 5,873,079; 5,884,304; 5,903,755; 5,913,209; 5,924,096; 5,946,467; D393,457 and U.S. Patents Pending.

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GroupWise Internet Agent February 2000 104-001304-001

Online Documentation: To access the online documentation for this and other Novell products, and to get updates, see www.novell.com/documentation.

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Novell Trademarks Novell is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries. NetWare is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries. GroupWise is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries. ManageWise is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries. NDS is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries. NLM is a trademark of Novell, Inc. Novell Support Connection is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

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Contents

1 Introduction to the GroupWise Internet Agent 15 Electronic Messaging Systems...... 15 Internet Background ...... 16 Internet Communication Protocols ...... 17 Internet Messaging Standards ...... 17 RFC-822 Message Format Standard ...... 17 MIME Message Format Standard ...... 18 Support for Internet Standards ...... 18 POP3 Server Support ...... 19 IMAP4 Support ...... 19 LDAP Support ...... 19 SMTP Dial-up Feature ...... 19 GroupWise Internet Agent Features ...... 19 SMTP/MIME Service ...... 20 POP3 Service...... 20 LDAP and IMAP4 Services ...... 20 SMTP Dial-Up Service ...... 20 Multiple Threading ...... 20 Internet Header ...... 21 Multiple Foreign Names ...... 21 Flexible Addressing...... 21 Internet Users in the Address Book ...... 21 Connect to Other GroupWise Systems Through the Internet ...... 21 Merge With Other GroupWise Systems Through the Internet ...... 21 Access Control ...... 21 Accounting ...... 22 Mail Hub / Smart Host Server ...... 22 SNMP-Compliant (NLM Version) ...... 22 SMP Support (NLM Version) ...... 22 DNS Name Resolution ...... 22 Enhancement Pack Features...... 22 Ways to Use the GroupWise Internet Agent ...... 23 Changes from SMTP/MIME Gateway ...... 23 MIME Support ...... 23 POP3 Server Support ...... 23 Multiple Threading ...... 24 Access Control ...... 24 Undeliverable Messages Are Now Returned ...... 24 Preamble Files ...... 24

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Multinational Character Set Support ...... 25 Smart Host Ability ...... 25 Automatic Shutdown ...... 25 Language Support in Configuration Files ...... 25

2 Preparing to Install the Internet Agent 27 GroupWise System Prerequisites ...... 27 POP3 Service Prerequisite ...... 28 Connecting to the Internet ...... 28 GroupWise Internet Agent ...... 28 Internet Service Providers ...... 29 Internet Connection Speed ...... 30 Information for the Internet Service Provider ...... 30 Internet Connection ...... 30 Access to DNS...... 30 IP Addresses...... 30 Performance Considerations ...... 31 Distribution of Internet Agent Users ...... 31 Internet Agent and Message Transfer Agent Platform Issues ...... 31 Network Computing Capacity ...... 31

3 Setting Up the Internet Agent for NT 33 Meeting System Requirements ...... 33 Internet Agent Station Requirements ...... 34 Installing the Internet Agent Software ...... 34 Manually Creating the NDS Object ...... 35 Defining Information Page Properties ...... 38 Setting Up Internet Services...... 39 Assigning a Postmaster ...... 40 Restricting the Outbound Status ...... 40 Setting Up DNS Integration ...... 40 DNS Address Resolution ...... 41 HOSTS File Address Resolution...... 41 Setting Up DNS with the RESOLV File ...... 41 Starting the Internet Agent ...... 42 Testing the Internet Agent ...... 42 Upgrading from a Previous SMTP Gateway Version ...... 42 Automatic Backup ...... 43

4 Setting Up the Internet Agent NLM 45 Meeting System Requirements ...... 45 Internet Agent Server Requirements ...... 46 TCP/IP ...... 46 Testing TCP/IP Functionality ...... 47 Installing the Internet Agent Software ...... 47

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Manually Creating the NDS Object...... 48 Defining Information Page Properties ...... 51 Setting Up Internet Services ...... 52 Assigning a Postmaster ...... 53 Restricting the Outbound Status ...... 53 Setting Up DNS Integration ...... 53 DNS Name System...... 54 HOSTS File Address Resolution ...... 54 Setting Up DNS with the RESOLV File ...... 54 Verifying the HOSTS File ...... 55 Sample HOSTS file ...... 55 Starting the Internet Agent ...... 56 Testing the Internet Agent ...... 56

5 Configuring Internet Services 59 Configuring SMTP/MIME Services ...... 59 SMTP/MIME Settings...... 60 Message Formatting ...... 61 Address Handling...... 63 Timeouts ...... 65 Undeliverable Messages ...... 67 Security ...... 68 Configuring LDAP Services ...... 69 Configure POP3/IMAP4 Services ...... 72 Post Office Access Methods ...... 72 Enabling and Configuring POP3/IMAP4 Services ...... 73 Setting Up an Internet E-Mail Client for POP3/IMAP4 Services ...... 75 Setting Up Netscape Mail ...... 76 Setting Up MS Internet Explorer Mail...... 76 Changing Internet Mail Settings ...... 77 Setting Up Eudora Pro ...... 78 User ID Login Options ...... 79 User ID Syntax ...... 79 List of User ID Login Options ...... 79 Configuring SMTP Dial-Up Services ...... 81 Setting Up Internet Dial-up Software (NT and NLM) ...... 81 Enabling SMTP Dial-Up Services ...... 82 Scheduling the SMTP Dial-Up ...... 83 Defining Server Directories...... 86

6 Enhancing Functionality 89 Correlating Time Zones ...... 89 Using Automatic Shutdown ...... 90 Shutting Down the Internet Agent With a Mail Message ...... 90 Shutting Down the Internet Agent with a SHUTDOWN File ...... 90

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Using Preamble Files ...... 90 PREAMBLE.TXT File ...... 91 PREAMBLE.ALL File ...... 91 Using the MIME Content-Type Mapping File ...... 92 MIMETYPE.CFG File ...... 92 File Organization...... 93 Encoding Information ...... 94 Increasing Internet Agent Speed ...... 94 Sending and Receiving Threads...... 95 Increasing Polling Time ...... 95 Decreasing the Timeout Cycles ...... 96 Changing the Maximum Packet Received Buffers...... 96 Installing the Enhancement Pack Internet Agent ...... 96

7 Configuring Access Control 97 Setting Up Access Control ...... 97 Class of Service ...... 98 Viewing Access Control Settings ...... 101 Managing the Access Control Database ...... 101 Validating the Database ...... 101 Recovering the Database ...... 102

8 Understanding Internet Addressing 103 Internet Addressing Concepts ...... 103 IP Addresses...... 104 Domain Name Service ...... 104 Internet Addressing in GroupWise ...... 105 How Messages are Routed ...... 106 Routing a Message to the Internet...... 106 Routing an Internet Message to GroupWise...... 106 How the Internet Agent Resolves Addresses ...... 107 Resolving Outbound GroupWise Addresses to Internet Addresses ...... 107 Resolving Inbound Internet Addresses to GroupWise Addresses ...... 108 Internet Agent Performs Mail Routing for Inbound Messages ...... 108 Inbound Address Group Expansion ...... 109 How to Use Multiple Foreign Names ...... 109 Character Mapping from GroupWise Addresses to Internet Addresses...... 111

9 Simplifying Addressing 113 Creating a Foreign Domain Structure ...... 113 Simplifying Syntax to foreign_domain:user@host ...... 113 Simplifying Syntax to user@post office ...... 117 Simplifying Syntax to User ...... 119 Adding Internet Users to the Address Book ...... 121

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Creating a Customized Addressing Rule...... 122 Addressing Rule Concepts ...... 122 Creating an Addressing Rule ...... 123 Enabling and Disabling Addressing Rules ...... 125 Changing the Addressing Rule Order ...... 125

10 Monitoring Operations 127 Using the Operation Screen ...... 127 Description ...... 128 Status...... 128 Statistics ...... 129 Logging ...... 129 Menu Functions...... 130 Using the Web Console ...... 131 Using the Logging Feature ...... 131 Enabling Logging and Setting Logging Levels ...... 131 Defining Maximum Age for Log Files ...... 133 Defining Maximum Log Files Kept ...... 133 Defining Log File Destination ...... 133 Viewing the Log File ...... 134 Using the Accounting Feature ...... 134 Selecting an Accountant ...... 135 Enabling Accounting ...... 135 Setting Up Administrator Roles ...... 135 Using an SNMP-Compliant Network Manager (NLM Version Only) ...... 137 The MIB File ...... 137 Variables ...... 137

11 Understanding Messaging Protocols 141 SMTP, RFC-822, and MIME Concepts ...... 141 What Is SMTP and RFC-822? ...... 141 What Is MIME? ...... 142 MIME Encoding...... 143 Where To Go for More Information...... 145

12 Troubleshooting 147 Troubleshooting the Internet Agent ...... 147 Log Files ...... 148 Internet Agent Not Sending Messages ...... 148 Internet Agent Not Receiving Messages ...... 149 Internet Agent Locking Up ...... 149 Internet Agent Cannot Access the Domain ...... 151 Internet Agent Doesn’t Send Outgoing Mail ...... 151 Internet Agent Fails to Respond to Configuration Changes Made in NetWare Administrator 151 Administrator Wants to Prevent Certain Types of Messages from Passing through the Internet Agent ...... 151

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POP3 Client Users Can't Send Internet Mail through the Internet Agent ...... 152 POP3 Client Users Can't Access the GroupWise Address Book through the LDAP Services of the Internet Agent ...... 153 IMAP4 Client Users Can't Access Mail through the Internet Agent ...... 154 Extended Characters in User Names Prevent Delivery through the Internet Agent ...... 154 Messages Sent Out through the Internet Agent Don't Wrap When Displayed by Recipients . 154 Troubleshooting SMTP Services ...... 155 SMTP Statistics ...... 155 Mail Exchange Record ...... 157 RESOLV.CFG File ...... 157 450 MX Record Lookup Failure ...... 157 Rules and Looping ...... 158 Troubleshooting the MTA ...... 159 Message Flow Diagrams ...... 160 GroupWise to the Internet Message Flow ...... 160 Internet to GroupWise Message Flow ...... 163 Stage 1: Internet Agent in Recipient’s Domain ...... 163 Stage 2: Internet Agent in Recipient’s Domain ...... 163 Stage 3: MTA in Recipient’s Domain ...... 163 Stage 4: POA in Recipient’s Post Office ...... 164 Troubleshooting Message Flow ...... 164 Directory Structure ...... 166 Internet Agent Directory Structure ...... 167

A Error Messages 173 Error Message List ...... 173

B Startup Switches 181 Editing the Startup File ...... 182 Changing Internet Agent Settings in NetWare Administrator ...... 182 Guidelines for Manual Editing ...... 182 Command Line Syntax...... 183 Required Switches ...... 183 /dhome ...... 184 /hn ...... 184 /home ...... 184 Optional Switches ...... 185 /aql ...... 185 /aqor ...... 186 /ari ...... 187 /attachmsg ...... 187 /badmsg ...... 187 /color ...... 188 /convert ...... 188

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/corr ...... 188 /fd822 ...... 188 /fdmime ...... 189 /flatfwd (Enhancement Pack only) ...... 190 /fut ...... 190 /group ...... 190 /help ...... 190 /hn ...... 191 /http (Enhancement Pack only) ...... 191 /httpport (Enhancement Pack only)...... 191 /irfouid ...... 191 /l ...... 191 /mbcount ...... 192 /mbtime ...... 192 /mh ...... 192 /mono ...... 193 /mudas ...... 193 /mv ...... 193 /nasoq ...... 195 /norouting ...... 195 /nqpmt ...... 195 /p ...... 195 /recv ...... 196 /send ...... 196 /single...... 196 /smp ...... 196 /work ...... 196 /wrap ...... 197 SMTP Multiple Thread Switches ...... 197 /st ...... 197 /rt ...... 197 Optional POP3 Server-Specific Switches ...... 197 /ipa ...... 198 /ipp ...... 198 /sp ...... 198 /rp...... 198 Optional SMTP Timeout Switches ...... 199 /tc ...... 199 /td ...... 199 /te ...... 199 /tg ...... 200 /tr ...... 200 /tt ...... 200

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Optional Log File Switches ...... 200 /log ...... 200 /logdays ...... 201 /logdiskoff ...... 201 /loglevel ...... 201 /logmax ...... 202 Optional Outbound Encoding Switches ...... 202 /encoding ...... 202 /mime ...... 202 /uueaa ...... 203 Required Switches for the NLM Version Running in Remote Mode...... 203 /password ...... 203 /user ...... 203

C Configuring Dial-Up Connectivity with MPR 205

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GroupWise Internet Agent

This guide will help you understand how the GroupWise® Internet Agent adds complete Internet messaging services to your existing GroupWise system. It will also help you install and configure the GroupWise Internet Agent software.

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Introduction to the GroupWise 1 Internet Agent

Welcome to the GroupWise® Internet Agent Guide. This guide will help you understand how the GroupWise Internet Agent adds complete Internet messaging services to your existing GroupWise system, and will help you install and configure the GroupWise Internet Agent software. In this first section you will find basic information about electronic messaging systems, the Internet, open Internet standards like SMTP, MIME, POP3, IMAP4, and LDAP, and the services of the GroupWise Internet Agent that support these standards. After you have read this introductory information, you can move on to Chapter 2, “Preparing to Install the Internet Agent,” on page 27. Choose from the following list of topics to learn more about Internet messaging and the capabilities of the GroupWise Internet Agent. ! “Electronic Messaging Systems” on page 15 ! “Internet Background” on page 16 ! “Internet Messaging Standards” on page 17 ! “Support for Internet Standards” on page 18 ! “GroupWise Internet Agent Features” on page 19 ! “Ways to Use the GroupWise Internet Agent” on page 23 ! “Changes from SMTP/MIME Gateway” on page 23

Electronic Messaging Systems

There are many different electronic messaging systems currently available. The products range from legacy systems such as OfficeVision* and VMS* Mail, to systems tightly integrated with specific network operating systems

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such as UNIX* Mail, to a variety of LAN-based messaging systems such as GroupWise, Lotus cc:Mail*, and Microsoft* Mail. All of these electronic messaging systems are proprietary messaging systems, meaning they do not work directly with each other. Organizations and people need to be able to communicate with other organizations and people, regardless of the messaging system they are each using. Due to the large number of proprietary messaging systems, a tremendous need for a common interface between these various messaging systems exists. The Internet offers a solution with global connection capabilities and open standards for message transmission and message formatting. the GroupWise Internet Agent lets you take advantage of the Internet's inherent messaging capabilities by offering services at both the client and server that support those open standards. Before we discuss the features of the GroupWise Internet Agent, it might be helpful to learn something about the background of the Internet itself.

Internet Background

The Internet began in the early 1970s when the U.S. Department of Defense created a network called ARPAnet. The purpose of the ARPAnet was to build a computer network that could withstand an enemy attack without serious disruption to the flow of sensitive information. The ARPAnet network design did not include a central hub or a command center that, if disabled, would compromise the entire network. Instead, Internet communication was configured between a source and a destination computer. The network's sole function was to transport information, the path information took along the network was unimportant. If one segment of the network went down, information could simply be routed along another path. ARPAnet eventually expanded to include universities, government agencies, and research facilities. Each organization recognized the importance of an open communication system that did not rely on identical computer platforms. Today, as we are all aware, the Internet has evolved to become the Information Superhighway, allowing access to infinite amounts of information. Routing possibilities increase as the Internet proliferates, supplying a reliable, decentralized flow of information around the world.

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Internet Communication Protocols

The Internet uses communication protocols known as the Internet Protocol Suite that allows sending computers to communicate directly with receiving computers regardless of the path. TCP/IP is the main protocol in this protocol suite. The Transmission Control Protocol, TCP, divides information into packets (small pieces of data). The Internet Protocol, IP, labels each packet with the sender's and the recipient's addresses. The Internet Protocol then routes the packets to the correct recipient location. Packets may take different routes and may arrive out of sequence. At the receiving end, IP collects the packets. When all packets have arrived, they are reassembled by TCP and passed to the appropriate application for delivery. If all the packets do not arrive, TCP requests the sender to resend the information.Internet e-mail is transmitted using a communication protocol called the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, or SMTP. SMTP utilizes a TCP/IP connection. SMTP resolves the recipient's address and delivers the e-mail message.

Internet Messaging Standards

There are several open Internet standards or protocols used to define both the formatting of Internet messages and the sending and receiving of those messages over the Internet. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), RFC-822 (Request For Comment-822), and MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) are some of the most common standards. SMTP is the mail transport protocol used to send both RFC-822 and MIME format messages across the Internet. RFC-822 is a limited mail format that has been used for many years. MIME is a new extension of the RFC-822 format that is backward-compatible with RFC-822. MIME is more versatile than RFC-822 and allows for more sophisticated formatting.

RFC-822 Message Format Standard

RFC-822 provides for the transmission of US-ASCII single-part messages on the Internet. To send anything except text, you must encode (convert binary data to ASCII data) the files you are sending. The encoding scheme called UUencode is most often used with RFC-822 and has variations that can hamper decoding of a transmitted file. SMTP is often incorrectly used synonymously with RFC-822. SMTP, which stands for Simple Mail Transport

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Protocol, is the mail transport protocol while RFC-822 and MIME are mail message formats.

MIME Message Format Standard

MIME overcomes RFC-822 mail limitations by providing standard encoding schemes, transmission of non US-ASCII text, and accommodation of multi- part messages. MIME is also backward-compatible with RFC-822. A user who receives a MIME format message but who lacks a MIME compliant e- mail program can still read the message. The GroupWise Internet Agent program supports SMTP mail transfer in both RFC-822 and MIME formats.

Support for Internet Standards

The GroupWise Internet Agent is a versatile Internet messaging solution that supports the open standards of the Internet. This support includes Internet message and communication protocols such as SMTP and MIME, as well as POP3, LDAP, and IMAP4. The definition of a gateway is an agent that translates packets from one kind of network protocol to another. The Internet Agent performs a similar function for e-mail messaging over the Internet. The Internet Agent is an agent that allows communication between GroupWise and other messaging systems via the Internet. It translates e-mail messages from the RFC-822/MIME format to the GroupWise message format, and vice-versa.

For an inbound message, the Internet Agent receives the message from the foreign messaging system, converts it to GroupWise format, then passes the message to the GroupWise Message Transfer Agent (MTA) for delivery to the recipient. For an outbound message, the GroupWise user sends the message which is picked up by the GroupWise Message Transfer Agent. The Message

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Transfer Agent passes the message to the Internet Agent for conversion to the format of the foreign messaging system and passes the message to that system for delivery to the recipient.

POP3 Server Support The GroupWise Internet Agent has the capability to function as a POP3 server. When POP3 services are enabled, users can download their e-mail messages from the GroupWise universal mailbox to a POP3 client application such as Netscape Mail or Eudora* Pro.

IMAP4 Support

The Internet Agent also supports the IMAP4 messaging standard and can function as an IMAP4 server. Using the Internet Agent's IMAP4 Services, GroupWise users can download their GroupWise messages to a third-party IMAP4-compliant client application such as Netscape Mail.

LDAP Support

The Internet Agent can function as an LDAP server. LDAP support gives GroupWise users the ability to perform address lookups in LDAP-compliant directories outside of the GroupWise Address Book. Additionally, the GroupWise Address Book is opened to LDAP-based searching from an LDAP compliant e-mail client.

SMTP Dial-up Feature

If your organization does not require a permanent Internet connection, you can use the SMTP dial-up feature of the Internet Agent to conveniently connect to the Internet to send and receive e-mail messages on demand. After you activate and configure a periodic dialing profile, the Internet Agent will link to your ISP and check for new incoming and outgoing SMTP compliant Internet messages.

GroupWise Internet Agent Features

The GroupWise Internet Agent provides GroupWise users with the ability to send and receive Internet e-mail messages and attachments. The Internet Agent also includes the following features:

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SMTP/MIME Service

Allows you to send and receive e-mail with standard encoding on attachments, international character sets, and multipart messages. Multimedia e-mail with graphics, sound, and video may also be exchanged.

POP3 Service Allows you to download messages from your GroupWise 5.x post office to a POP3 client application such as a web browser's e-mail program or a Telnet application. The Internet Agent acts as the POP3 server, providing a TCP connection between the user's GroupWise 5.x post office and a POP3 client. Accessing the GroupWise 5.x post office via the Internet Agent's POP3 server capability, users can retrieve their e-mail messages and manage them through user ID login options.

LDAP and IMAP4 Services

The GroupWise Internet Agent supports the open, evolving standards of Internet messaging including LDAP and IMAP4. The GroupWise Internet Agent supports the LDAP directory standard with LDAP server capability that allows access for directory searches of GroupWise Post Offices. Using LDAP Public Access, Internet mail clients can do look-ups on GroupWise users and address information. The GroupWise Internet Agent also supports the Internet Messaging Access Protocol 4, IMAP4. As an IMAP4 server, the Internet Agent allows IMAP4-compliant e-mail clients to read and manipulate GroupWise messages.

SMTP Dial-Up Service The Internet Agent adds the functionality of an SMTP dial-up feature. This can be useful when your system does not meet the requirements of a dedicated Internet connection, or when you prefer not to have a permanent Internet connection. With the SMTP dial-up feature, you can periodically check the message store without having to maintain a permanent link.

Multiple Threading

Multiple threading allows more than one send or receive process to be running concurrently. You can configure the number of threads to enhance the speed

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and performance of the Internet Agent. The number of thread switches are set separately for the SMTP/MIME service and the POP3 service.

Internet Header

On incoming Internet messages the header information is automatically placed in an attachment.

Multiple Foreign Names

The Internet Agent may be seen as one or more Internet host addresses if user aliases, Internet Agent aliases, or post office aliases are used. Multiple foreign names can also be used to help implement a firewall or central mail hub.

Flexible Addressing The Internet Agent offers full GroupWise addressing support including system groups, nicknames, and individual users.

Internet Users in the Address Book Internet users may be added to the GroupWise Address Book so users won't have to remember long Internet addresses.

Connect to Other GroupWise Systems Through the Internet

Using passthrough addressing, you can connect to other GroupWise systems anywhere on the Internet and have access to all of the GroupWise features. The Internet simply becomes a mail transport medium for GroupWise.

Merge With Other GroupWise Systems Through the Internet

Using passthrough addressing you can merge and administer other GroupWise systems anywhere on the Internet.

Access Control

The Internet Agent program includes security capabilities called Access Control that allow administrators to control inbound and outbound messages. Access Control can help you reduce costs and provide added security.

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Accounting

The accounting feature provides inbound and outbound tracking of messages passing through Internet Agent. This lets administrators track how the Internet Agent is being used.

Mail Hub / Smart Host Server The Internet Agent can function as an SMTP mail hub, or smart-host, to resend messages it receives that should go to another host.

SNMP-Compliant (NLM Version)

The NLMTM version of the Internet Agent can be managed by any SNMP- compliant network manager, such as the Novell® ManageWise® network management suite.

SMP Support (NLM Version)

SMP support, or Symmetric Multi-Processor support, lets the Internet Agent take advantage of a server machine with multiple processors.

DNS Name Resolution

The Internet Agent does not require an external smart host to resolve Internet domain names.The Internet Agent can perform IP address resolution directly with its DNS server, and is also MX record-aware.

Enhancement Pack Features

The updated Internet Agent in the GroupWise 5.5 Enhancement Pack provides significant new functionality: ! Web Console lets you monitor the Internet Agent from your web browser. ! Paging Capabilities provide smart forwarding, improved originator information, user block control, and reduced Internet traffic. ! Flat Forwarding eliminates the empty messages that used to be passed from user to user as a message was forwarded multiple times.

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For details about these new features, see the Enhancement Pack Internet Agent Quick Start card on the GroupWise 5.5 Enhancement Pack page (http:// www.novell.com/documentation/lg/gw55ep/docui/index.html).

Ways to Use the GroupWise Internet Agent

You can use the GroupWise Internet Agent in the following ways. ! Exchange e-mail messages such as appointments, notes, tasks, and attachments consisting of such files as text files, graphics, sound or video clips, programs, and nearly any other file type, all over the Internet. ! Download and manage e-mail messages from any GroupWise 5.x post office to a remote POP3 or IMAP4 client application such as your web browser's e-mail program. ! Subscribe to Internet list servers to share information with other people on any topic of interest. ! Connect GroupWise systems seamlessly through the Internet using the passthrough addressing feature. For example, a GroupWise system in Los Angeles could send mail to a GroupWise system in Denmark with full GroupWise functionality and features. ! Administer other GroupWise systems through the Internet using the passthrough feature. The Internet can be a cost-effective way to connect your company's GroupWise systems throughout the world.

Changes from SMTP/MIME Gateway

The following items have been changed or added to the GroupWise Internet Agent from previous versions of the SMTP/MIME Gateway.

MIME Support

The Internet Agent now supports Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, or MIME. MIME provides a means of sending multimedia e-mail and international character sets. The Internet Agent defaults to MIME format.

POP3 Server Support The Internet Agent lets you download messages from your GroupWise 5.x system to a POP3 client such as a web browser's e-mail program or a Telnet

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application. The GroupWise Internet Agent acts as the POP3 Server host which provides a TCP connection between the user's GroupWise 5 post office and a POP3 client, allowing the user to retrieve and, through user ID login options or POP3 commands, manage e-mail in the POP3 client.

Multiple Threading

This is a new feature in the GroupWise Internet Agent, which is a GroupWise 5.x-level program. Multiple threading allows for more than one send or receive process to be running concurrently. You can configure the number of threads to enhance the speed and performance of the Internet Agent. However, increasing the number of threads also uses more computer resources like memory and CPU time.

Access Control

The GroupWise administrator can now control message sizes as well as who can receive and send e-mail messages through the Internet Agent. By creating a class of service, which defines access to the various services of the Internet Agent, and assigning users to a Membership List, the system administrator can customize access privileges to fit the needs of the organization.

Undeliverable Messages Are Now Returned

If a message sent through the Internet Agent to an Internet address is undeliverable, then the whole message will be returned to the sender as part of the undeliverable message. If the message becomes undeliverable within the GroupWise system, only the subject line will be returned.

Preamble Files An administrator-configurable ASCII preamble file called PREAMBLE.TXT is installed in the Internet Agent root directory. It will be included with any MIME multi-part message prior to the boundaries. This file will display for any recipient who lacks a MIME-compliant mail reader. The PREAMBLE.ALL file is also installed. It contains the PREAMBLE.TXT text in various languages.

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Multinational Character Set Support

As part of the MIME specifications, multinational character sets may be used in the creation or interpretation of MIME mail messages. ISO-8859-1-9 are supported. For example, if you compose a message using characters from the WordPerfect* Cyrillic character set, the Internet Agent will utilize the MIME Content-type charset parameter ISO-8859-5 (Latin/Cyrillic alphabet) in describing the message. When received by a MIME-compliant mail program (or another GroupWise Internet Agent system), the message will be displayed in the proper character set. The Internet Agent also supports ISO-2022-JP, KR, and CH multi-byte character sets for use with Japanese, Korean, and Chinese systems.

Smart Host Ability The Internet Agent can function as a smart host in that it can perform mail routing. It will route messages it receives that are supposed to be delivered to another destination host.

Automatic Shutdown The administrator can automatically shut down the Internet Agent program without having to use the exit keys on the Operation Screen. Automatic shutdown can be accomplished by sending a special e-mail message to the Internet Agent or by using a SHUTDOWN file.

Language Support in Configuration Files

Many of the configuration files have been translated into languages other than English. You can delete any language portion that is not needed for your configuration without affecting the Internet Agent.

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2 Preparing to Install the Internet Agent

The information in this section will help you prepare to install the GroupWise® Internet Agent. Once you have met the prerequisites covered in this section, and have access to the Internet, you can proceed to the installation and configuration of the GroupWise Internet Agent. For more information, see Chapter 3, “Setting Up the Internet Agent for NT,” on page 33 or Chapter 4, “Setting Up the Internet Agent NLM,” on page 45. ! “GroupWise System Prerequisites” on page 27 ! “Connecting to the Internet” on page 28 ! “Information for the Internet Service Provider” on page 30 ! “Performance Considerations” on page 31

GroupWise System Prerequisites

The first requirement for installing the GroupWise Internet Agent is to have an existing GroupWise system set up. GroupWise system prerequisites include: ! A GroupWise domain and post office must be installed. ! A Message Transfer Agent must be installed. ! The NetWare® Administrator utility program must be accessible. Configuration of the Internet Agent is done through the graphical NetWare Administrator utility. ! Users must have a GroupWise client installed in order to send or receive e-mail messages.

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POP3 Service Prerequisite

It is important to note that the POP3 service offered by the Internet Agent is only available to users on GroupWise 5.x post offices. In other words, if your users want to be able to read and download their e-mail messages from their GroupWise mailbox to a POP3 client application like Netscape Mail*, they must be on a GroupWise 5.x post office. If you have a heterogeneous system with both GroupWise 4.x post offices and GroupWise 5 post offices, only the users on a GroupWise 5 post office will be able to use the POP3 Services. Of course, full SMTP Services are available to users on either level of post office.

Connecting to the Internet

The following sections describe how the Internet Agent functions in connecting your GroupWise system to the Internet.

GroupWise Internet Agent

The GroupWise Internet Agent is the software that connects your GroupWise system to the Internet. The Internet Agent is installed at the domain level in your GroupWise system.

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The Internet Agent converts mail messages from SMTP, RFC-822, and MIME formats to the GroupWise message format. To use the Internet Agent, you must have access to an Internet host computer by subscribing to an Internet service provider. Internet service providers can be government, education, or private organizations that market and sell Internet connections.

Internet Service Providers

Internet service providers let you access the Internet through a UNIX* host computer and supply you with a unique IP address that identifies your network location to the entire Internet. Although you can access the Internet using online services such as CompuServe* and America Online*, the GroupWise Internet Agent cannot use these services for its Internet connection. This may change if these companies modify their services. The ongoing growth and popularity of the Internet has generated a proliferation of Internet service providers and you should be able to locate one in your area without any problem. However, when deciding on which Internet service provider to

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subscribe to, you need to make sure that they will provide the connection and support your organization will require.

Internet Connection Speed

The speed of your connection to the Internet is an important consideration when selecting an Internet service provider. You need to estimate the amount of Internet traffic that your users are likely to generate. For example, a small business with limited contact with the Internet might only need a 28.8 kbps switched telephone line connection. A larger company that uses the Internet extensively might need a T1 or higher speed line. Communications technology is changing very rapidly. Be sure to discuss connection speed issues with your Internet service provider

Information for the Internet Service Provider

You need to inform your Internet service provider (ISP) about the following GroupWise Internet Agent requirements:

Internet Connection

You can connect to the Internet using a standard switched telephone line or a direct connection over a leased line. Consult with your ISP about the connection type that best suits your needs.

Access to DNS The Domain Name System is used by the Internet to resolve address information. The Internet Agent can access DNS via a smart host provided by the ISP or by making direct queries. Depending upon the platform and the kind of TCP/IP address resolution you use, you may need to obtain the IP address and name of the DNS from your Internet service provider.

IP Addresses

The computer running the Internet Agent is the only computer in your LAN that requires an IP address. Contact your Internet service provider to obtain an IP address and fully qualified host name. Depending upon the IP address you receive, you may also need to get an IP subnet address. This subnet address

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may be required by your TCP/IP connectivity software. See Chapter 8, “Understanding Internet Addressing,” on page 103 for more information.

Performance Considerations

To get the best performance from the GroupWise Internet Agent, consider the following factors that can affect Internet Agent and GroupWise system performance.

Distribution of Internet Agent Users

Carefully examine the anticipated distribution patterns of your users to design your Internet Agent placement for maximum effectiveness. If you have a large, multiple-domain, multiple-post office system, consider how many users will use the Internet Agent, in what domains they are located, and how much traffic will be generated. For example, if there are many users in the Sales domain who will send many messages to sales contacts over the Internet, and much less traffic is anticipated from other domains in your system, it might be best to place the Internet Agent in the Sales domain. By doing this, Message Transfer Agents not located in the Sales domain will process fewer messages.

Internet Agent and Message Transfer Agent Platform Issues

If you have a mixture of platforms for your Message Transfer Agent and other gateways, platform may be a consideration. Ensure that your Message Transfer Agent is fast enough to handle the volume of mail the Internet Agent can process. If the Internet Agent will be processing a large number of messages, you should place it in a domain serviced by a fast Message Transfer Agent.

Network Computing Capacity

If many of your users have unrestricted Internet access from GroupWise, your system may overload with message traffic. If you anticipate a significant increase in message flow and storage, you may want to upgrade certain computer components associated with your GroupWise system. Components that may need to be upgraded include memory, processor, and hard disk space. For example, a Message Transfer Agent-based domain might need:

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! A faster processor in the file server running the Message Transfer Agent and the Internet Agent to process the increased number of messages faster. ! More memory in the file server running the Message Transfer Agent and the Internet Agent to increase file access performance. ! More hard disk space on post offices to store the additional messages that users may receive from the Internet.

Internet Connection Speed The Internet connection you have affects message delivery performance. If you have a fast connection to the Internet, you will probably want to optimize your Internet Agent and Message Transfer Agent. For more information, see “Increasing Internet Agent Speed” on page 94. If you have a slow transmission speed you may not need to be concerned with the speed of your GroupWise system components relative to the Internet Agent.

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3 Setting Up the Internet Agent for NT

The information in this section will help you set up the GroupWise® Internet Agent for Windows NT*. The following list summarizes the tasks required to set up the Internet Agent. ! “Meeting System Requirements” on page 33 ! “Installing the Internet Agent Software” on page 34 ! “Manually Creating the NDS Object” on page 35 ! “Defining Information Page Properties” on page 38 ! “Setting Up Internet Services” on page 39 ! “Assigning a Postmaster” on page 40 ! “Restricting the Outbound Status” on page 40 ! “Setting Up DNS Integration” on page 40 ! “Starting the Internet Agent” on page 42 ! “Testing the Internet Agent” on page 42 ! “Upgrading from a Previous SMTP Gateway Version” on page 42

Meeting System Requirements

In order to install the GroupWise Internet Agent for NT you need: ! A workstation where the Internet Agent can be installed ! TCP/IP connectivity ! Access rights to the domain directory where you want to install the Internet Agent. The Install program copies the Internet Agent files to the

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subdirectories listed under the domain. Without access rights to the domain directory, the Install program cannot run.

Internet Agent Station Requirements

The Internet Agent station is the computer used to run the GroupWise Internet Agent. The following specifications refer only to the Internet Agent requirements and do not include additional operating system requirements: ! 8 MB of disk space. This is the amount of disk space needed for the Internet Agent program files. It does not take into account the message files which may or may not be located on the same machine. ! 6-8 MB of RAM. This is the amount of memory the Internet Agent needs to operate. It does not include memory for the NT operating system or for the TCP/IP connectivity. This amount can increase depending on message size and complexity. ! Windows NT version 3.51 or higher.

Installing the Internet Agent Software

The GroupWise Internet Agent Install program is a Windows* application that can be run from a Windows workstation. The Internet Agent software is located on the GroupWise CD. You can either run the install from a CD drive or from the software distribution directory which is created during the GroupWise 5.x installation. The Internet Agent files are located in the \INTERNET\GWIA directory on the GroupWise CD. This is the directory name you type in when you are asked for the path to the Internet Agent files during the installation process. If you are installing from the software distribution directory, then you need to specify the location where the files were copied by the GroupWise 5.x installation. By default, this directory location is \:GRPWISE\SOFTWARE\INTERNET\GWIA. The Install program will do the following: ! Install GroupWise Internet Agent software. ! Create the Internet Agent object in NDS®. ! Configure startup files for the Internet Agent. ! Test the server you are installing to for correct Internet configuration.

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To install the Internet Agent: 1 Insert the GroupWise CD into the CD drive on a Windows workstation. or If you have already copied GroupWise Internet Agent files to the software distribution directory, you can also run the install program from that network directory (GRPWISE\SOFTWARE\INTERNET\GWIA). 2 Select Start > Run. 3 Type the drive and path to INSTALL.EXE on the GroupWise CD or in the software distribution directory > click OK. 4 At the Welcome screen, click Next. 5 At the License Agreement screen, click Accept. 6 At the Software Platform screen, select Windows NT > click Next. 7 At the NT Installation Path screen, specify a local path where the Internet Agent files will be copied > click Next. 8 At the Relay Host screen, choose whether the Internet Agent will deliver outbound mail or forward mail to another relay host machine for delivery > click Next. 9 At the GroupWise Domain screen, select the domain directory where the Internet Agent object will reside > specify a name for the Internet Agent subdirectory which will be created under the \WPGATE directory > click Next. 10 At the Ready to Install screen, click Install to begin copying files to the server. 11 There may be configuration tasks that need to be completed in order to use the Internet Agent. If so, you will see a Post Installation Task List. You can double-click any task in the list for specific configuration instructions and troubleshooting tips. 12 Click Finish to close the Install program.

Manually Creating the NDS Object

If you need to, you can manually create an NDS object for the Internet Agent in the NetWare® Administrator utility. The object will be contained in the NDS directory tree structure under a GroupWise domain.

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To create an NDS object for the Internet Agent: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the GroupWise domain object where you installed the Internet Agent. 2 Click Object > Create > double-click GroupWise Gateway/Internet Agent.

3 Select the Internet Agent radio button at the top of the page. 4 Fill in the fields: Internet Agent Name: This is a name that identifies the Internet Agent and is unique within the domain. GWIA is commonly used, but you can use any name. This name and an accompanying GroupWise icon will appear together as an object in the NetWare Administrator View or in the GroupWise View. Internet Agent Home Directory: This is the name of the directory in the domain directory structure where the Internet Agent files have been installed. If you have already installed the Internet Agent software, select the directory name from the drop-down list box. Language: This field defaults to the language selected for the domain. If necessary, select the language from the drop-down list. The language will

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determine the sorting rules that will be used for the lists displayed in GroupWise such as the Address Book list. Time Zone: The Internet Agent assumes the time zone of its domain as the default. If necessary, you can select a different time zone. Internet Mail Domain Name (stored as Foreign ID): In order to receive Internet e-mail you should enter a mail domain name in the GroupWise Internet Agent configuration (normally done during Install). The mail domain name you enter in this field will be used as the host portion of the sender's address on the From: line for outbound GroupWise e-mail messages (such as [email protected]). The mail domain name may or may not be the same as your Internet host name (the host name for the machine where you are installing the GroupWise Internet Agent that corresponds with that machine's IP address in its DNS "A record" entry). If your mail domain name is different than the Internet Agent machine's host name, it is listed as an MX record in the DNS table. Your Internet host name is what identifies you to other hosts on the Internet (i.e. mail.novell.com). The host name is associated with an IP address in a DNS "A record." You obtain an IP address and a fully qualified host name from your Internet service provider (ISP). If you want to be known by more than one name (such as novell.com) you need to register the name with the ISP, and have the name listed as an MX record in the DNS table, where it points to the fully qualified host name. You can also enter a mail domain name at a later time through NetWare Administrator in the Foreign ID field of the Internet Agent's Information page. You can enter multiple names in the Foreign ID field of the Internet Agent's Information page in NetWare Administrator. The first name in the field will be the name you are known by on the Internet. After the first host name, any additional names will be used for inbound address resolution. Multiple domain names must be separated by a space. Version: Select version 5.0. Platform: Select NT. 5 Select Define Additional Properties to configure the Internet Agent services after the NDS object is created. 6 Do not select Create Another at this time. You can create other Internet Agent objects later as necessary. 7 Click Create.

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Defining Information Page Properties

If you created the NDS object manually, you can now define basic information about the Internet Agent by verifying and filling in the fields on the Information page shown below.

To define the properties on the Internet Agent Information page: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. This will display the Information page. 2 Check the Domain.Gateway field for the correct domain and gateway names. 3 Enter a brief description in the Description field (optional). For example, you could include the installation date, the machine name, or any other information. 4 Check the Database Version field. The version number should be 5.X. 5 Select Windows NT in the Platform field (required). 6 Fill in the Gateway Alias Type field (required). You will need this name when you configure the aliases later. The acronym GWIA is commonly used. Aliases let you define addresses for

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users on non-GroupWise mail systems in your GroupWise Address Book. With aliases defined, your GroupWise users can select foreign mail system recipients from the GroupWise Address Book. 7 Fill in the Foreign ID field (required). The Foreign ID is also known as the Internet mail domain name in the GroupWise Internet Agent configuration (normally specified during Install). The mail domain name you enter in this field will be used as the host portion of the sender's address on the From: line for outbound GroupWise e-mail messages (such as [email protected]). The mail domain name may or may not be the same as your Internet host name (the host name for the machine where you are installing the GroupWise Internet Agent that corresponds with that machine's IP address in its DNS "A record" entry). If your mail domain name is different than the Internet Agent machine's host name, it is listed as an MX record in the DNS table. Your Internet host name is what identifies you to other hosts on the Internet (such as mail.novell.com). The host name is associated with an IP address in a DNS "A record." You obtain an IP address and a fully qualified host name from your Internet service provider (ISP). If you want to be known by more than one name (such as novell.com) you need to register the name with the ISP, and have the name listed as an MX record in the DNS table, where it points to the fully qualified host name. You can also enter a mail domain name at a later time through NetWare Administrator in the Foreign ID field of the Internet Agent's Information page. You can enter multiple names in the Foreign ID field of the Internet Agent's Information page in NetWare Administrator. The first name in the field will be the name you are known by on the Internet. After the first host name, any additional names will be used for inbound address resolution. Multiple domain names must be separated by a space.

Setting Up Internet Services

The GroupWise Internet Agent supports Internet messaging standards such as the Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3), Internet Messaging Access Protocol 4 (IMAP4), and Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). The Internet Agent also offers dial-on-demand capability with the new SMTP dial-up feature. To learn how to enable and configure these, and basic SMTP, services see Chapter 5, “Configuring Internet Services,” on page 59.

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Assigning a Postmaster

The Internet requires each site to assign at least one user to be the Postmaster. The Postmaster is assigned to be the recipient of messages addressed to postmaster@host. If the /badmsg startup switch is set with either the Send option or the Both option, the Postmaster will also receive any error messages processed by the Internet Agent. To assign a postmaster: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > select the Administrators page. 2 Click Add > select a user from the list as the administrator > click OK. 3 With the selected user highlighted, select the Postmaster Administrator Role > click OK.

Restricting the Outbound Status

Before starting the Internet Agent, you should restrict the GroupWise Outbound Status feature. GroupWise tracks the status of each message. Most Internet e-mail systems do not track the same amount of message status information. If you do not restrict the outbound status, the sender receives status notifications when the message is delivered and opened. This can significantly increase the traffic that the Internet Agent has to process. By restricting the outbound status, the sender receives a status notification only when the message cannot be delivered. To restrict the outbound status: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > select the Optional Settings page. 2 Change the Outbound Status Level to Undelivered by using the drop- down list.

Setting Up DNS Integration

In order to resolve IP addresses when sending e-mail over the Internet, the GroupWise Internet Agent can use either MX records and the Domain Name System (DNS), or a HOSTS file.

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DNS Address Resolution

Using DNS is the preferred method of resolving IP addresses. DNS translates Internet names like novell.com to IP addresses like 151.155.111.11, which the TCP/IP protocol interprets to route and deliver messages to the correct destination.

HOSTS File Address Resolution

A HOSTS file is another way the Internet Agent can resolve IP addresses. The HOSTS file is a text file containing IP addresses associated with long host names. The Internet Agent looks up the name of the destination computer, identifies the corresponding IP address in the HOSTS file, and delivers the e- mail message. The HOSTS file can be very large and can contain many IP addresses.

Setting Up DNS with the RESOLV File

Before starting the GroupWise Internet Agent and sending messages, make sure the Domain Name System (DNS) integration is set up correctly. DNS integration is set up in the RESOLV.CFG file, which contains the numeric IP address of the DNS server. The Internet Agent uses the RESOLV.CFG file to find the DNS server. It then uses the DNS server to find IP addresses on the Internet. The RESOLV.CFG file is automatically configured when you enter the correct information for DNS into the TCP/IP configuration screens. If you can use TCP/IP on your NT machine to do Web browsing, use FTP, or do some other TCP/IP function, then your TCP/IP connectivity is probably configured correctly. In Windows NT, the RESOLV.CFG file is accessed through the Config|NetWork|Protocols|TCPIP menu path. The RESOLV.CFG file requires at least the first two lines, as shown in the following sample file. The Internet domain name provided by the Internet service provider is on the first line. Foo.com is used in this example for the domain name. The nameserver value is the numeric IP address for the DNS server.

Example RESOLV.CFG File

domain foo.com nameserver 151.155.111.11 nameserver 151.155.111.12 nameserver 151.155.111.13

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If you use a HOSTS name file instead of the DNS server, you must include the name and IP address for each host computer you intend to communicate with. If the RESOLV file does not exist or if the values are incorrect, you will receive "Host Unknown - 550" errors.

Starting the Internet Agent

The GroupWise Internet Agent automatically uses a startup file named GWIA.CFG when it starts. You can specify a different startup file. To start the GroupWise Internet Agent: 1 Log the Internet Agent station on to the network. 2 Double-click the GroupWise Gateways folder icon > double-click the GroupWise Internet Agent icon to start the program and to display the Internet Agent operation screen.

Testing the Internet Agent

Before you optimize the GroupWise Internet Agent or modify any parameter settings, you should ensure that the Internet Agent program is running correctly by sending a test message. You can send a test message addressed to [email protected] with the word "help" in the message section (no other text in the Subject or Message sections). At this point, a customized addressing rule or a foreign domain has not been created, so the syntax for the To: line would be: smtp: "[email protected]."

Be aware that when you send a message to [email protected], you may not get an immediate response. Response time depends on the condition of the components of the Internet between you and Novell, and how busy the Novell document server is processing other requests.

Upgrading from a Previous SMTP Gateway Version

You can upgrade to the Internet Agent from a previous version of the SMTP/ MIME gateway. Before you start, please note the following: ! Update the GroupWise Internet Agent startup file, GWIA.CFG, with any needed platform switch changes if you are switching platforms. You may

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want to rename the current file first to retain your settings. Please note that the Internet Agent program automatically reads the startup file. ! After upgrading, you can delete the GWCHARS directory, which is no longer used. ! You must bring the existing SMTP/MIME gateway down before installing and setting up your new Internet Agent program. Be sure to also bring down the old SMTP/MIME daemon program. If you are updating an existing gateway to the Internet Agent, please complete the following steps after you install the software and before you run the Internet Agent. To upgrade from a previous version of the SMTP/MIME gateway: 1 Delete the SET file in the \\WPGATE\\xxx.PRC directory. The format of the SET file has changed. Deleting the SET file causes the operation screen to revert to its default color scheme and screen saver interval. If you have changed the defaults, you will have to reset these options 2 Delete the gateway correlation database. The file location and name is \\WPGATE\\GWCORR.DB. This is done in order for the Internet Agent to create a new correlation database. The Internet Agent has a correlation database that contains status information (Delivered, Opened, Deleted, and so on) waiting to be exchanged through the program. The format of the correlation database has also changed. 3 Before you run the Internet Agent for the first time, you must go into the NDS object through NetWare Administrator. Simply double-click the Internet Agent icon or right-click the icon and select Details to open the configuration screen. Close the window. This action will create the GWAC.DB file (the Access Control Database file), which is necessary for the Internet Agent to run.

Automatic Backup

If you install the Internet Agent over a previous installation of the SMTP/ MIME gateway, the installation program will create a SAVE directory under the gateway root directory (\). The installation program will then copy all your user configurable files to that SAVE directory to back them up. If you reinstall the Internet Agent multiple times, the files in the SAVE directory will be overwritten each time

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4 Setting Up the Internet Agent NLM

The information in this section will help you set up the GroupWise® Internet Agent NLMTM. The following list summarizes the tasks required to set up the Internet Agent. ! “Meeting System Requirements” on page 45 ! “Testing TCP/IP Functionality” on page 47 ! “Installing the Internet Agent Software” on page 47 ! “Manually Creating the NDS Object” on page 48 ! “Defining Information Page Properties” on page 51 ! “Defining Information Page Properties” on page 51 ! “Assigning a Postmaster” on page 53 ! “Restricting the Outbound Status” on page 53 ! “Setting Up DNS Integration” on page 53 ! “Verifying the HOSTS File” on page 55 ! “Starting the Internet Agent” on page 56 ! “Testing the Internet Agent” on page 56

Meeting System Requirements

In order to install the GroupWise Internet Agent NLM, you need: ! A file server where the Internet Agent can be installed ! TCP/IP connectivity

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! Access rights to the domain directory where you want to install the Internet Agent. The Install program copies the Internet Agent files to the subdirectories listed under the domain. Without access rights to the domain directory, the Install program cannot run.

Internet Agent Server Requirements

The Internet Agent station is the file server used to run the GroupWise Internet Agent. The following specifications refer only to the Internet Agent requirements and do not include additional operating system requirements: ! 8 MB of disk space. This disk space amount is what is needed for the Internet Agent program files only. It does not take into account the message files which may or may not be located on the same machine. ! 6-8 MB of RAM. This is the amount of memory the Internet Agent needs to operate. It does not include memory for the NetWare® operating system or for the TCP/IP NLM. This amount can increase, depending on message size and complexity. ! NetWare 3.1x or higher. ! NetWare TCP/IP NLM version number 3.00e or higher if you have Netware 4.x or higher. TCP/IP NLM version number 2.02m or higher if you have Netware 3.1x. The NetWare TCP/IP NLM is the only TCP/IP kernel the GroupWise Internet Agent NLM can use. The TCP/IP NLM is included with NetWare. For help configuring the TCP/IP NLM, see the NetWare TCP/IP Reference Guide.

TCP/IP You need to ensure the TCP/IP NLM is functioning correctly in your system and you have the correct version before installing the Internet Agent NLM. If TCP/IP is not functioning correctly within your system, the Internet Agent will not work. If you are uncertain whether TCP/IP is already configured on your file server, see “Testing TCP/IP Functionality” on page 47 to verify that it is working. If TCP/IP is not currently running, you can configure the TCP/IP NLM by using the INETCFG program that provides an automated menu for configuration, or you can use the AUTOEXEC.NCF file to manually configure TCP/IP. See your TCP/IP manual for more details.

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Testing TCP/IP Functionality

Unless you are certain that TCP/IP is functioning correctly on your file server, use the following items to help you check correct TCP/IP functionality. 1. From the file server prompt, enter config. This command lists the network boards in your file server and the protocols they are bound to. Verify that one of the LAN protocols listed is IP. 2. From the file server prompt, enter modules. This command lists all the NLM software loaded on your file server. Verify that one of them is TCPIP.NLM. 3. If your version of NetWare comes with the PING utility, ping the file server IP address from the file server console. The syntax for ping is load ping file_server_address. (For example, load ping 151.155.111.11.) The ping program should record responses received from the file server. If it does not, there may be a problem. The PING NLM does not perform DNS lookup, so you can use it to ping the file server only if the file server IP address is in the HOSTS file.

Installing the Internet Agent Software

The GroupWise Internet Agent Install program is a Windows application that can be run from a Windows* workstation. The Internet Agent software is located on the GroupWise CD. You can either run the install from a CD drive or from the software distribution directory which is created during the GroupWise 5 installation. The Internet Agent files are located in the \INTERNET\GWIA directory on the GroupWise CD. This is the directory name you type in when you are asked for the path to the Internet Agent files during the installation process. If you are installing from the software distribution directory, then you need to specify the location where the files were copied by the GroupWise 5.x installation. By default, this directory location is server\volume:GRPWISE\SOFTWARE\INTERNET\GWIA. The Install program will do the following: ! Install the GroupWise Internet Agent software. ! Create the Internet Agent object in NDS®. ! Configure startup files for the Internet Agent. ! Test the server you are installing to for correct Internet configuration.

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To install the Internet Agent: 1 Insert the GroupWise CD into the CD drive on a Windows workstation. or If you have already copied the GroupWise Internet Agent files to the software distribution directory, you can also run the install program from that network directory (GRPWISE\SOFTWARE\INTERNET\GWIA). 2 Select Start > Run. 3 Type the drive and path to INSTALL.EXE on the GroupWise CD or in the software distribution directory > click OK. 4 At the Welcome screen, click Next. 5 At the License Agreement screen, click Accept. 6 At the Software Platform screen, select NetWare > click Next. 7 At the NLM Installation Paths screen, specify the paths where the Internet Agent executables and script files will be copied > click Next. 8 At the Relay Host screen, choose whether the Internet Agent will deliver outbound mail or forward mail to another relay host machine for delivery > click Next. 9 At the GroupWise Domain screen, select the domain directory where the Internet Agent object will reside > specify a name for the Internet Agent subdirectory which will be created under the domain\WPGATE directory > click Next. 10 At the Ready to Install screen, click Install to begin copying files to the server. 11 There may be configuration tasks that need to be completed in order to use the Internet Agent. If so, you will see a Post Installation Task List. You can double-click any task in the list for specific configuration instructions and troubleshooting tips. 12 Click Finish to close the Install program.

Manually Creating the NDS Object

If you need to, you can manually create an NDS object for the Internet Agent in the NetWare Administrator utility. The object will be contained in the NDS directory tree structure under a GroupWise domain.

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To create an NDS object for the Internet Agent: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the GroupWise domain object where you installed the Internet Agent. 2 Click Object > Create > double-click GroupWise Gateway/Internet Agent.

3 Select the Internet Agent radio button at the top of the page. 4 Fill in the fields: Internet Agent Name: This is a name that identifies the Internet Agent and is unique within the domain. GWIA is commonly used, but you can type in any name. This name and an accompanying GroupWise icon will appear together as an object in the NetWare Administrator View or in the GroupWise View. Internet Agent Home Directory: This is the name of the directory in the domain directory structure where the Internet Agent files have been installed. If you have already installed the Internet Agent software, select the directory name from the drop-down list box. Language: This field defaults to the language selected for the domain. If necessary, select the language from the drop-down list. The language will

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determine the sorting rules that will be used for the lists displayed in GroupWise such as the Address Book list. Time Zone: The Internet Agent assumes the time zone of its domain as the default. If necessary, you can select a different time zone. Internet Mail Domain Name (stored as Foreign ID): In order to receive Internet e-mail you should enter a mail domain name in the GroupWise Internet Agent configuration (normally done during Install). The mail domain name you enter in this field will be used as the host portion of the sender's address on the From: line for outbound GroupWise e-mail messages (such as [email protected]). The mail domain name may or may not be the same as your Internet host name (the host name for the machine where you are installing the GroupWise Internet Agent that corresponds with that machine's IP address in its DNS "A record" entry). If your mail domain name is different than the Internet Agent machine's host name, it is listed as an MX record in the DNS table. Your Internet host name is what identifies you to other hosts on the Internet (such as mail.novell.com). The host name is associated with an IP address in a DNS "A record." You obtain an IP address and a fully qualified host name from your Internet service provider (ISP). If you want to be known by more than one name (such as novell.com) you need to register the name with the ISP, and have the name listed as an MX record in the DNS table, where it points to the fully qualified host name. You can also enter a mail domain name at a later time through NetWare Administrator in the Foreign ID field of the Internet Agent's Information page. You can enter multiple names in the Foreign ID field of the Internet Agent's Information page in NetWare Administrator. The first name in the field will be the name you are known by on the Internet. After the first host name, any additional names will be used for inbound address resolution. Multiple domain names must be separated by a space. Version: Select version 5.0. Platform: Select NLM (NetWare Loadable Module). 5 Select Define Additional Properties to configure the Internet Agent services after the NDS object is created. 6 Do not select Create Another at this time. You can create other Internet Agent objects later as necessary. 7 Click Create.

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Defining Information Page Properties

If you created the NDS object manually, you can now define basic information about the Internet Agent by verifying and filling in the fields on the Information page shown below.

To define the properties on the Internet Agent Information page: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. This will display the Information page. 2 Check the Domain.Gateway field for the correct domain and gateway names. 3 Enter a brief description in the Description field (optional). For example, you could include the installation date, the machine name, or any other information. 4 Check the Database Version field. The version number should be 5.X. 5 Select NLM in the Platform field (required). 6 Fill in the Gateway Alias Type field (required). You will need this name when you configure the aliases later. The acronym GWIA is commonly used. Aliases let you define addresses for

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users on non-GroupWise mail systems in your GroupWise Address Book. With aliases defined, your GroupWise users can select foreign mail system recipients from the GroupWise Address Book. 7 Fill in the Foreign ID field (required). The Foreign ID is also known as the Internet mail domain name in the GroupWise Internet Agent configuration (normally specified during Install). The mail domain name you enter in this field will be used as the host portion of the sender's address on the From: line for outbound GroupWise e-mail messages (such as [email protected]). The mail domain name may or may not be the same as your Internet host name (the host name for the machine where you are installing the GroupWise Internet Agent that corresponds with that machine's IP address in its DNS "A record" entry). If your mail domain name is different than the Internet Agent machine's host name, it is listed as an MX record in the DNS table. Your Internet host name is what identifies you to other hosts on the Internet (such as mail.novell.com). The host name is associated with an IP address in a DNS "A record." You obtain an IP address and a fully qualified host name from your Internet service provider (ISP). If you want to be known by more than one name, (such as novell.com) you need to register the name with the ISP, and have the name listed as an MX record in the DNS table, where it points to the fully qualified host name. You can also enter a mail domain name at a later time through NetWare Administrator in the Foreign ID field of the Internet Agent's Information page. You can enter multiple names in the Foreign ID field of the Internet Agent's Information page in NetWare Administrator. The first name in the field will be the name you are known by on the Internet. After the first host name, any additional names will be used for inbound address resolution. Multiple domain names must be separated by a space.

Setting Up Internet Services

The GroupWise Internet Agent supports Internet messaging standards such as the Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3), Internet Messaging Access Protocol 4 (IMAP4), and Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). The Internet Agent also offers dial-on-demand capability with the new SMTP dial-up feature. To learn how to enable and configure these and basic SMTP services see Chapter 5, “Configuring Internet Services,” on page 59.

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Assigning a Postmaster

The Internet requires that each site assign at least one user to be the Postmaster. The Postmaster is assigned to be the recipient of messages addressed to postmaster@host. If the /badmsg startup switch is set with either the Send option or the Both option, the Postmaster will also receive any error messages processed by the Internet Agent. To assign a postmaster: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > select the Administrators page. 2 Click Add > select a user from the list as the administrator > click OK. 3 With the selected user highlighted, select the Postmaster Administrator Role > click OK.

Restricting the Outbound Status

Before starting the Internet Agent, you should restrict the GroupWise Outbound Status feature. GroupWise tracks the status of each message. Most Internet e-mail systems do not track the same amount of message status information. If you do not restrict the outbound status, the sender receives status notifications when the message is delivered and opened. This can significantly increase the traffic that the Internet Agent has to process. By restricting the outbound status, the sender receives a status notification only when the message cannot bedelivered. To restrict the outbound status: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > select the Optional Settings page. 2 Change the Outbound Status Level to Undelivered by using the drop- down list.

Setting Up DNS Integration

In order to resolve IP addresses when sending e-mail over the Internet, the GroupWise Internet Agent can use either MX records and the Domain Name System (DNS), or a HOSTS file.

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DNS Name System

The program can use either MX records and the Domain Name System (DNS) or a HOSTS file to resolve IP addresses and send mail to the Internet. The DNS is the preferred way of resolving IP addresses. The DNS translates Internet host names like novell.com to four-octet IP addresses like 151.155.111.11, which the TCP/IP protocol uses to get messages to the correct destination.

HOSTS File Address Resolution

A HOSTS file is the another way the program can resolve IP addresses. The HOSTS file is a text file containing IP addresses associated with names. The program performs a lookup in the HOSTS file of the IP address of the computer where mail is being sent, and then sends the message. This file can be very large and contain many IP addresses. If you are using the HOSTS file to resolve IP addresses and if the Internet address you are sending to is not in your HOSTS file, you will be unable to send to that address.

Setting Up DNS with the RESOLV File

Before starting the Internet Agent and sending messages, make sure the DNS integration is set up correctly. DNS integration is set up in the RESOLV.CFG file, which contains the decimal IP address of the DNS server. You can get the IP address of your DNS server from your Internet service provider. The program uses the RESOLV.CFG file, which contains the IP address of the DNS server, to find the DNS server. Then the DNS server locates IP addresses on the Internet. RESOLV.CFG is a text file that must be located in the server SYS:\ETC directory. If you do not have a RESOLV.CFG file and you want the Internet Agent to resolve IP addresses without a HOSTS file, you should create the RESOLV.CFG file manually. Follow the pattern given in the sample shown later in this topic. Make sure that you replace the sample values with the correct values for your system. If you already have a RESOLV.CFG file, you should check the file to ensure it contains the correct information for your system.You can include up to three nameserver IP addresses. The first IP address is for the primary DNS server. If you have a DNS server at your site, it should be the DNS server listed first in the file. Other DNS servers are used only if the program is unable to get a response from the first server.

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The RESOLV.CFG file requires at least the first two lines, as shown in the following sample file. The Internet domain name provided by the Internet service provider is on the first line. Foo.com is used in this example for the domain name. The nameserver value is the decimal IP address for the DNS server.

Example RESOLV.CFG File

domain.foo.com nameserver 151.155.111.11 nameserver 151.155.111.12 nameserver 151.155.111.13

If you use a HOSTS name file instead of the DNS server, you must include the name and IP address for each host computer you intend to communicate with. If the RESOLV.CFG file does not exist in SYS:\ETC or if the values are incorrect, you will receive "HostUnknown - 550" error messages.

Verifying the HOSTS File

Before starting the Internet Agent, either verify the IP address and the server name where the program is running in your HOSTS file, if you use one, or set the /hn switch in the GWIA.CFG file. The HOSTS file is automatically installed in the SYS:\ETC directory when you install TCP/IP. There is also a HOSTS file in the SYS:\ETC\SAMPLES directory that can be copied to the SYS:\ETC directory if needed. However, the IP address and name of the gateway server is not automatically inserted. You must manually add these values to the file. Listed below is a sample HOSTS file. Check the line showing the server name and IP address. In the sample file the IP address is 151.155.111.11 and the server name is yourservername.topeka.company.com.

Sample HOSTS file

# SYS:ETC\HOSTS # Mappings of host names and host aliases to IP address. 127.0.0.1 loopback lb localhost # normal loopback address 151.155.111.11 yourservername.topeka.company.com # Your IP address and server

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When the Internet Agent starts, it instructs TCP/IP to get the host name or the foreign name. If the instruction fails, the program will not start. The instruction to get the host name will fail if there is no HOSTS file, if the HOSTS file does not have the correct IP address and name of the Internet Agent machine, or if the /hn switch is not set.

Starting the Internet Agent

When the Internet Agent was installed, the GWIA.NCF startup file was copied into the SYS:\SYSTEM directory. This file is used to load the Internet Agent. If you reference this file in your AUTOEXEC.NCF file, the Internet Agent will load when you start the file server. The GroupWise Internet Agent automatically uses a startup file named GWIA.CFG when it starts. You can specify a different startup file. This file is used to properly configure the Internet Agent and the program with the startup switches. The values of the two required switches, /home and /dhome, are automatically inserted during installation. The remaining switches are disabled until you are ready to use them to customize the Internet Agent.This file resides in the Internet Agent directory \WPGATE\GWIA. To start the Internet Agent NLM: 1 At the system console, type gwia to run the GWIA.NCF file. This file loads the Internet Agent. After you have started the Internet Agent, verify the program is running. You can monitor the program from the operation screen. Select F10- Options followed by F9-Stats. If you see an error message in the Statistics window, the program has not loaded properly.

Testing the Internet Agent

Before you optimize the GroupWise Internet Agent or modify any parameter settings, you should ensure the Internet Agent program is running correctly by sending a test message. You can send a test message addressed to [email protected] with the word "help" in the message section (no other text in the Subject or Message sections). At this point, a customized addressing rule or a foreign domain has not been created, so the syntax for the To: line would be: smtp:"[email protected]."

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Be aware that when you send a message to [email protected], you may not get an immediate response. Response time depends on the condition of the components of the Internet between you and Novell, and how busy the Novell document server is processing other requests.

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5 Configuring Internet Services

The GroupWise® Internet Agent supports the open standards of Internet messaging, at both the client and the server level. Choose from the following section titles to learn how to utilize the Internet messaging capabilities of the GroupWise Internet Agent. ! “Configuring SMTP/MIME Services” on page 59 ! “Configuring LDAP Services” on page 69 ! “Configure POP3/IMAP4 Services” on page 72 ! “Setting Up an Internet E-Mail Client for POP3/IMAP4 Services” on page 75 ! “Configuring SMTP Dial-Up Services” on page 81 ! “Defining Server Directories” on page 86

Configuring SMTP/MIME Services

SMTP and MIME are standard protocols for sending and receiving e-mail messages over the Internet. SMTP, or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, is the message transmission protocol. MIME, or Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension, is the message format protocol. You should fill in the fields on the SMTP/MIME Settings page to configure basic Internet messaging. Choose from the following topics for information about how to enable and configure various SMTP/MIME services. ! “SMTP/MIME Settings” on page 60 ! “SMTP/MIME Settings” on page 60 ! “Address Handling” on page 63 ! “Timeouts” on page 65

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! “Undeliverable Messages” on page 67 ! “Security” on page 68

SMTP/MIME Settings

To configure SMTP/MIME Settings: 1 In the NetWare® Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 2 Click SMTP/MIME Settings.

3 Fill in the fields: Enable SMTP Service: SMTP service is on by default. This setting allows SMTP Internet messaging. Number of SMTP Send Threads: The SMTP send threads setting lets you specify the number of threads that will process SMTP send requests. (This setting corresponds with the /st switch.) Number of SMTP Receive Threads: The SMTP receive threads setting lets you specify the number of threads that will process SMTP receive requests. (This setting corresponds with the /rt switch.)

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Hostname/DNS "A Record" Name: The Hostname/DNS A Record name setting lets you identify the Internet host name of the machine where the Internet Agent resides, or in other words the A Record in your DNS table that associates a host name with the machine's IP address. You should have received a host name from you Internet service provider. (This setting corresponds with the /hn switch.) If the Reject Mail if Sender's Identity Cannot be Verified setting on the SMTP Security page is selected, you are required to fill in the Hostname/ DNS A Record Name setting. When a TCP/IP communication begins, the two machines involved exchange greetings. Part of the greeting is the recipient machine identifying itself. The other part of the greeting is the sending machine identifying itself with the SMTP HELO command. The Internet Agent verifies the authenticity of the greetings. If the greeting string does not match the actual Hostname/DNS A Record, the Internet Agent will either pass a warning and continue the communication or terminate the connection. If you leave this field blank, the fully qualified host name obtained from your Internet service provider (such as xyzcompany.com), which you should have entered in the Foreign ID field on the GroupWise Internet Agent's Information page, will be used. Relay Host for Outbound Messages: The Relay host setting can be used if you want to use a relay host, or smart host, to route all outbound Internet e-mail. Enter the IP addressor DNS host name, of the smart host. The smart host can be part of your network or can reside at the Internet service provider's site. (This setting corresponds with the /mh switch.) Scan Cycle for Send Directory: The Scan cycle setting specifies how often the Internet Agent polls for outgoing messages. The default is 10 seconds. (This setting corresponds with the /p switch.)

Message Formatting

To configure Message Formatting: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 2 Click SMTP/MIME Settings > Message Formatting.

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3 Fill in the fields: Number of Inbound Conversion Threads: The inbound conversion threads setting lets you specify the number of threads that will convert inbound messages from MIME or RFC-822 format to the GroupWise message format. The default setting is 4. (This setting corresponds with the /rt switch.) GroupWise View Name for Incoming Messages: The GroupWise view setting lets you specify a mail view attachment for all inbound Internet messages. A view is the screen that a user sees when a message is opened. This switch helps users identify Internet messages. If you do not specify a view, or if the view has not been configured, the default view will be used. The default view is called Internet. (This setting corresponds with the /mv switch.) Number of Outbound Conversion Threads: The outbound conversion threads setting lets you specify the number of threads that will convert outbound messages from the GroupWise message format to MIME or RFC-822 format. The default setting is 4. (This setting corresponds with the /st switch.) Default Message Encoding: The default message encoding setting lets you select the encoding method for your outbound Internet messages.You can select either Basic RFC-822 formatting or MIME formatting. MIME is the default message format. (This setting corresponds with the /mime switch.)

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The UUEncode setting lets you have the GroupWise Internet Agent UUencode all outbound ASCII attachments to RFC-822 formatted messages. Otherwise, attachments to RFC-822 messages will be included as part of the message body. The default setting is Off. (This setting corresponds with the /uueaa switch.) Message Text Line Wrapping: The Quoted Printable text line wrapping setting lets you select the Quoted Printable MIME standard for line wrapping. By default this setting is turned on. If you turn the setting off, MIME messages will go out as plain text and will wrap text according to the number of characters specified in the line wrap length setting. (This setting corresponds with the /nqpmt switch.) The Line wrap length for message text on outbound mail setting lets you specify the line length for outgoing messages. This is useful if the recipient's e-mail system requires a certain line length. The default line length is 72 characters. (This setting corresponds with the /wrap switch.)

Address Handling The Internet Agent uses traditional Internet addressing syntax to send messages via the Internet to other GroupWise users as well as to users on other mail systems (userid@hostname). GroupWise 5.5 now offers system administrators another connectivity option if they want their users to communicate with users on other GroupWise 5.5 systems. This connectivity method enables a GroupWise 5.5 Message Transfer Agent (MTA) to dynamically recognize, connect with, and transfer messages to other 5.5 MTAs across the Internet without using the GroupWise Internet Agent or an SMTP/MIME gateway. This connection between GroupWise systems is referred to as a dynamic Internet link. For more information about dynamic Internet links between GroupWise 5.5 systems, see "Using Dynamic Internet Links Between 5.5 Systems" in "Connecting GroupWise 5.x Systems" in the Connectivity guide. To configure Address Handling for the Internet Agent: 111 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 222 Click SMTP/MIME Settings >Address Handling.

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3 Fill in the fields: Addressing Style: The default addressing style for the GroupWise Internet Agent is the standard Internet format of userid@hostname (such as [email protected]). GroupWise Internet-style addressing means that GroupWise and Internet addresses are the same. If you do not wish to use Internet-style addressing, you can select Ignore [GroupWise] Internet Addressing. In this mode, messages use the mail domain name in the Foreign ID field (on the Internet Agent's main Information page) for the domain portion of a user's Internet address. The Internet Agent will continue to support user and post office aliases in either mode. Expand Groups on Incoming Messages: The Expand Groups setting lets you enable group expansion. If this setting is turned on, an incoming Internet message addressed to a public group will be sent to all members of that group. (This setting corresponds with the /group switch.) Foreign Domain for RFC-822 Replies: The foreign domain for RFC- 822 setting lets you specify a return address for GroupWise replies. A message that has been received by a GroupWise user through the Internet Agent and is replied to will use this return address form. These switches will cause the Internet Agent to produce a return address with the following syntax: foreign_domain.type:user@host. Foreign domain can be any foreign domain you have created and

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linked to the GroupWise Internet Agent. (This setting corresponds with the /fd822 switch.) Foreign Domain for MIME Replies: The Foreign Domain for MIME setting also lets you specify a return address for GroupWise replies. A message that has been received by a GroupWise user through the Internet Agent and is replied to will use this return address form. These switches will cause the Internet Agent to produce a return address with the following syntax: foreign_domain.type::user@host. Foreign_domain can be any foreign domain you have created and linked to the GroupWise Internet Agent. (This setting corresponds with the /fdmime switch.) You can use the same foreign domain name for both the RFC-822 and MIME settings. Sender's Address Format: The Sender's Address format setting is enabled when you select Post Office Aliasing and use aliasing as the addressing style. This setting lets you specify which GroupWise address components (domain.post office.user) will be included as the user portion of a GroupWise user's outbound Internet address. Available address format options include: Auto, Domain.PostOffice.User@Hostname, Post Office.User@Hostname, and User@Hostname. (This setting corresponds with the /aql switch.) Place Domain and Post Office Qualifiers: The user portion of a sender's address (user@host) may require the full Groupwise address (domain.post office.user) in order to be unique. The option selected in the Sender's address format setting above determines which components are included. With the placement setting you can move GroupWise address components, except the user component, to the right or left side of the @ sign in the address format. When the address components are moved to the right side of the @ sign they become part of the host portion of the sender's address. The default setting is the right side. (This setting corresponds with the /aqor switch.)

Timeouts

SMTP Timeouts specify how long SMTP services will wait to receive data that it can process. After the allocated time expires, the Internet Agent may give a TCP read/write error. To configure SMTP Timeout Settings:

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1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 2 Click SMTP/MIME Settings > Timeouts.

3 Fill in the fields: Commands: The Commands setting lets you specify how long the Internet Agent will wait for an SMTP command. The default is 5 minutes. (This setting corresponds with the /tc switch.) Data: The Data setting lets you specify how long the Internet Agent will wait for data from the receiving host.The default is 3 minutes. (This setting corresponds with the /td switch.) Connection Establishment: The Connection Establishment setting lets you specify how long the Internet Agent will wait for the receiving host to establish a connection. The default is 2 minutes. (This setting corresponds with the /te switch.) Initial Greeting: The Initial Greeting setting lets you specify how long the Internet Agent will wait for the initial greeting from the receiving host. The default is 5 minutes.(This setting corresponds with the /tg switch.) TCP Read: The TCP Read setting lets you specify how long the Internet Agent will wait for a TCP read. The default is 5 minutes. (This setting corresponds with the /tr switch.) Connection Termination: The Connection Termination setting lets you specify how long the Internet Agent will wait for the receiving host to terminate the connection. The default is 10 minutes. (This setting corresponds with the /tt switch.)

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Undeliverable Messages

The settings on this page determine how undeliverable messages will be handled by the GroupWise Internet Agent. To configure Undeliverable Message Handling settings: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 2 Click SMTP/MIME Settings > Undeliverables.

3 Fill in the fields: Amount of Original Message to Return: This setting lets you specify how much of the original message is sent back to the sender when a message is deemed undeliverable. By default, only 2 KB of the original message will be sent back. (This setting corresponds with the /mudas switch.) Forward Undeliverable Inbound Messages to Host: This setting lets you specify a host that will be forwarded undeliverable messages. This may be useful if you use UNIX* sendmail aliases. When an IP address is specified rather than a DNS host name, the IP address must be surrounded by square brackets [ ]. For example, [151.155.134.246]. (This setting corresponds with the /fut switch.) Undeliverable or Problem Messages: You can specify whether to move problem messages to the problem directory (GWPROB), send them to the postmaster, do both, or have problem messages discarded. (This setting corresponds with the /badmsg switch and its options.)

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Security

Multiple unsolicited message (sometimes called a mailbomb or spam) from the Internet can potentially harm your GroupWise messaging environment. You can use the settings on the SMTP Security page to help protect your GroupWise system from malicious or accidental attacks. To configure SMTP Security Settings: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 2 Click SMTP/MIME Settings > Security.

3 Fill in the fields: Reject Mail if Sender's Identity Cannot be Verified: This setting lets you prevent messages if the sender's host is not authentic. When this setting is turned off, the Internet Agent will accept messages from any smart host, but will also display a warning if the initiating host is not authentic. When this setting is turned on, the Internet Agent will refuse messages from a smart host if a DNS reverse lookup shows that the host's DNS A Record host name does not match its IP address. Enable Mailbomb Protection: Mailbomb protection is turned off by default. You can turn it on by clicking the check box. Mailbomb Threshold: When you enable Mailbomb protection, default values are defined in the threshold settings.The default settings are 30 messages received within 10 seconds.You can change the settings to establish an acceptable security level. Any group of messages that exceeds the specified threshold settings will be entirely discarded. If you want to prevent future mailbombs from the mailbomb sender you can identify the sender's IP address in the Internet Agent's operation screen. You can then restrict access to your system by that IP address with Access Control settings.

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Configuring LDAP Services

The GroupWise Internet Agent supports the LDAP directory standard as an LDAP server allowing access for directory lookups of GroupWise post offices. The LDAP Public Access feature lets Internet mail client programs initiate directory searches for GroupWise users' address information. To enable and configure LDAP services for mail client access: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > LDAP Settings.

2 Verify that the Enable LDAP Service setting is turned on. 3 Fill in the fields: Number of LDAP Threads: The LDAP Threads setting lets you specify the number of threads that will process LDAP queries. LDAP Context: The LDAP Context setting entry must be identical to the Search Root entry in your browser e-mail client's LDAP setup information. Search Root is the name used in Netscape Communicator*. Microsoft* Outlook Express uses the term Search Base. You can use this setting to limit the scope of LDAP directory searches.

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For example, in Netscape Communicator, under the Edit menu > Preferences > Mail and Groups > Directory > Edit, the Directory Server Properties dialog box is displayed. In this dialog box you can create a new directory server by entering the Internet domain name (host name) for the GroupWise Internet Agent which is acting as an LDAP server. The entry in the Search Root field in this dialog box must be identical to the text string you enter in the LDAP Context field on the Internet Agent's LDAP Settings page. For example, if you wanted to limit the extent of the LDAP query to the Novell organization, in the United States, you would type O=Novell,C=US. You can leave the settings empty in both locations. LDAP Referral URL: The LDAP Referral URL setting lets you define a secondary LDAP server to which you can refer an LDAP query if the query fails to find the looked for user or address in your GroupWise system. Note that for the LDAP referral feature to work, your browser must have the ability to track referral URLs. Follow the syntax shown in the example on the LDAP Settings page. With LDAP services enabled, you can now configure LDAP Public Access. LDAP Public Access enables public query access for directory searching of address information on a GroupWise post office. You can customize the parameters of the query (or lookup) and the information that will be returned. To configure LDAP Public Access: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Access Control page > LDAP Public button.

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2 Fill in the fields: LDAP Defaults: Select one of the three radio buttons: Inherit Access, Allow Access, or Prevent Access. Visible Fields: This area displays which GroupWise fields (address information) will be visible or not visible to public queries. You can specify the visibility (Visible or Not-Visible) for each GroupWise field in the list. The fields include First Name, Last Name, Phone, and E-Mail Address. GroupWise Internet Agent LDAP queries now retrieve address information from the GroupWise domain. Previous versions of the GroupWise Internet Agent accessed this same information via the post office. Accessing address information from the domain makes configuration quicker and easier. Number of Entries to Return: This is the number of entries from the GroupWise post offices that will be returned to the query. How Many Seconds to Search: This is the number of seconds to allow the search to be performed. Idle Minutes before Timeout: This is the number of minutes to allow the search to continue without finding a matching address entry.

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Configure POP3/IMAP4 Services

The Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) and the Internet Message Access Protocol 4 (IMAP4) are standard messaging protocols for the Internet. The GroupWise Internet Agent can function as a POP3 or an IMAP server, allowing access to the GroupWise domain database and message store. With POP3 or IMAP server functionality enabled, GroupWise users can download their messages from GroupWise to any POP3/IMAP4-compliant Internet e-mail client, such as Netscape Messenger*.

Note that the POP3/IMAP4 service of the Internet Agent will only function with GroupWise 5.x post offices. The POP3/IMAP4 service is not compatible with level 4.x post offices. In order to use POP3/IMAP4 Services, you must first enable the GroupWise Internet Agent to work as a POP3/IMAP4 server. The first step is to ensure that the Internet Agent has access to the post office where the messages are stored.

Post Office Access Methods You need to provide access to the GroupWise 5 Post Office Agent (POA) where the e-mail messages are stored. You can do this in one of two ways: Direct Mapping Access, or Client/Server Access. GroupWise supports direct access to mailboxes by way of drive mappings, UNC paths, and logins to the servers where the post office mailboxes reside. GroupWise also supports client/server access to post office mailboxes by way of TCP/IP connectivity.

Direct Mapping Access Direct access is convenient on local area networks. Using direct access, the GroupWise client can write directly to users' mailboxes. Direct access requires login rights to the server where the post office is located.

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In order to use Direct Mapping Access, the machine running the Internet Agent must have login rights to the users' post office server and directory. In addition, the UNC Path to the post office must be a valid path and must point to the correct post office location.

Client/Server Access Client/server access is useful for large GroupWise implementations on wide area networks. Using client/server access, the GroupWise client requests services from the Post Office Agent via TCP/IP links. Advantages of client/ server access to the post office include eliminating the need for the GroupWise client to write directly to the databases. All database updates can be performed by the Post Office Agent (POA) instead. TCP/IP links eliminate the need for login and password authentication.This avoids problems with login restrictions, expired or altered passwords, and insufficient network rights. In order to use the client/server access, each POA that you want to have access to must be enabled for client/server. Please note that GroupWise Post Office Agents are client/server enabled by default, so you will only have to perform the following procedure if you have already changed the setting from the default. Client/server enabling must be performed for each individual post office which contains users that want to be able to utilize POP3/IMAP4 Services. To set up client/server access: 1 Double-click the NDS container where the GroupWise post office is located > double-click the post office object. 2 Right-click POA Details. Tabs for the POA properties pages appear down the right side of the window. 3 Click Agent Settings > click Enable TCP/IP. Once you have set up a Post Office Access Mode, you can continue enabling POP3/IMAP4 services in the Internet Agent by following the steps under “Enabling and Configuring POP3/IMAP4 Services” on page 73.

Enabling and Configuring POP3/IMAP4 Services

You enable POP3/IMAP4 Services in Netware Administrator. Access to POP3/IMAP4 Services is then made available to users by adding them to the Membership List of a Class of Service you define through the Access Control

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page. For more information on Access Control and Class of Service, see Chapter 7, “Configuring Access Control,” on page 97. To enable and configure POP3/IMAP4 Services: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 2 Click POP3/IMAP4 Settings.

3 Fill in the fields: Enable POP3 Service: POP3 service is on by default. This setting allows POP3 downloads from the GroupWise message store. Number of Threads for POP3 Connections: The POP3 threads setting lets you specify the number of connections for POP3 download requests. (This setting corresponds with the /pt switch.) Enable IMAP4 Service: IMAP4 service is on by default. This setting allows IMAP4 downloads and management of GroupWise messages. Number of Threads for IMAP4 Connections: The IMAP4 threads setting lets you specify the number of connections for IMAP4 requests. (This setting corresponds with the /it switch.)

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4 Click the Access Control page > select a Class of Service > click Edit > click the POP3 or IMAP4 tab. 5 Select one of the radio buttons to specify the level of POP3/IMAP4 access control that will be allowed. 6 If you select Allow Access, configure the POP3 download settings by clicking the appropriate check boxes.

Setting Up an Internet E-Mail Client for POP3/IMAP4 Services

With the GroupWise Internet Agent set up as a POP3 and/or IMAP4 server, you can now configure an Internet client application to download users' e-mail messages from their GroupWise mailboxes. Some examples of a client are Eudora* Pro, Netscape Mail, and Microsoft Explorer's Internet Mail. They require the same basic information for configuration, but the interface will vary for each application or version. Any Internet client will need to know the following information: ! Server Name (host name). This is the DNS name or IP address of the POP3/IMAP4 Server host machine. This is the machine where the GroupWise Internet Agent is installed. ! User ID. This is the users' GroupWise userID (user@host). You can add options to your user ID. There are several options you can use to control how the server handles your e-mail messages. For example, you can limit how many messages you want downloaded for each session. For more information, see “User ID Login Options” on page 79. ! Password. This is the user’s existing GroupWise password. It is not a new password, client-specific password, a NetWare password, or any network server password. The GroupWise password should have already been defined. POP3/IMAP4 services requires that you have a password defined in your GroupWise 5.x system for any user that wants to use the POP3/IMAP4 services. You can refer to the instructions in the list below for help in configuring a particular client application. You should also read the product documentation for further details regarding configuration, and POP3 and IMAP4 issues. ! “Setting Up Netscape Mail” on page 76 ! “Setting Up MS Internet Explorer Mail” on page 76 ! “Setting Up Eudora Pro” on page 78

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Setting Up Netscape Mail

Netscape Mail is a popular Internet e-mail application that uses the POP3 and IMAP4 protocols and can be set up as a client for your GroupWise mailbox. Using Netscape Mail as a POP3 or IMAP4 client, users can download, read, and manage messages stored in their GroupWise universal mailbox. The instructions below apply specifically to Netscape Navigator* v3.x. The newer Netscape Communicator's Messenger Mailbox has a different interface, but the information required for a POP3 download from a user's GroupWise universal mailbox is the same. To set up Communicator's Messenger, you begin by selecting Preferences from the Edit menu in Communicator, and then selecting Mail and Groups Mail Server. To set up Netscape Mail as a POP3 client: 1 From Netscape, select Windows > Netscape Mail. 2 From Options, select Mail and News Preferences > click the Servers page tab. 3 Fill in the Incoming Mail Server field.This is the DNS name or IP address of the machine where the GroupWise Internet Agent was installed. In Netscape Messenger, you can select the server type, either POP3 or IMAP. 4 Fill in the POP User Name field. This is the users' GroupWise user ID. Password Instructions for Netscape Mail: The Server Preference page does not list a password field. However, when you open the Netscape Mail window from the Netscape browser, you will be prompted to type your password. This password is the users' GroupWise password. Note on NetScape Communicator as an IMAP4 Client: When you set up Netscape Communicator's IMAP Mail Server Preferences in the More Mail Server Preferences dialog box, leave the IMAP Mail Directory field blank. If you do not leave this field blank, you will get an error message the first time you attempt to download your GroupWise messages.

Setting Up MS Internet Explorer Mail The Microsoft Internet Explorer browser also has an Internet e-mail application that uses the POP3 and IMAP4 protocols and can be set up as a client. Using Internet mail as a POP3/IMAP4 client, users can download, read, and manage messages stored in their GroupWise universal mailbox.

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To set up Internet Explorer Mail as a client: 1 From the Go menu, select Read Mail. or Click the Mail icon in the browser and select Read Mail. The first time you open the mailbox, the Internet Mail Configuration dialog will display. Follow the prompts for the next three pages. 2 Fill in the fields: Name: This is your first and last name. Email Address: This is your e-mail address using the Internet syntax of username@hostname. Incoming Mail Server: This is the DNS name or IP address of the machine where the GroupWise Internet Agent is installed. Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server: This is the DNS name of IP address of the machine where the GroupWise Internet Agent is installed. E-mail Account: This is the user’s GroupWise userID. Password: This password is the same as the user’s GroupWise password, which is required. If you type the password here you will not be prompted every time you open Internet Mail. If you do not type the password here, then you will be prompted to type the password whenever you open Internet Mail. Remember that it is required that a password initially be defined in GroupWise for each user that wants to use the Internet Agent's POP3/ IMAP4 Services.

Changing Internet Mail Settings

You can change these settings at any time. For example, you could remove the password from the Password field, causing the program to prompt you for the password every time you open Internet Mail. To modify settings in Internet Mail: 1 From the Mail menu in the Internet Mail window, select Options > click the Server tab to open the Server page. 2 Change the entry in the field you want to modify.

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Setting Up Eudora Pro

Eudora Pro is another popular Internet e-mail application. Eudora Pro uses the POP3 and IMAP4 protocols and can be set up as a client. Using Eudora Pro as a client, users can download, read, and manage messages stored in their GroupWise universal mailbox. To set up Eudora Pro as a client: 1 Start the Eudora Pro application. 2 From the Tools menu, select Options. The Options dialog box displays, which has a scrolling window of categories on the left side. 3 Select the Getting Started category. Fill in the POP Account field with your e-mail address (such as username@hostname). Fill in the Real Name field with your first and last name. 4 Select the Hosts category. Fill in the POP Account field with the DNS name or IP address of the machine where the GroupWise Internet Agent is installed. Fill in the SMTP field with the DNS name or IP address of the machine where the Internet Agent is installed. 5 Click the Checking Mail category. Fill in the POP Account field (if it is not filled in already) with the DNS name or IP address of the machine where the GroupWise Internet Agent is installed. 6 In the Checking Mail category dialog box, make sure the Save Password box is checked > select Password as the Authentication Styles at the bottom of the dialog box. 7 From the Eudora Mail window, select the Special menu > select Change Password item. This is where you can change the password to match your password in GroupWise, if it has been changed. Password Instructions: When you open Eudora Pro you will be prompted to type your password. This password is the users' GroupWise password, which is required. It is important to remember that a password must be defined in GroupWise for each user who wants to use the Internet Agent's POP3/IMAP4 Services.

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User ID Login Options

You can use the following options on the user ID name to control how your messages are handled by the POP3 server. Login options are appended to the user ID name with a colon character (:) between the user ID name and the switches. The syntax for the user ID options is not case-sensitive. Please note that login options are not required. If you do not want to include any login options, just enter the user ID name in the text box, or following the USER command if you are using a Telnet application as your POP3 client.

User ID Syntax

The syntax for the user ID field without login options is: userid The syntax for the user ID with login options is: userid:switches

List of User ID Login Options

Below is a list of the options that can be appended to a user ID.

Option Explanation Example

v=number between 1-31 The v option defines the view Userid:v=1 name. You can have multiple POP3 clients accessing the same GroupWise host mailbox with each client seeing a separate "view" of the state of the mailbox. The v option identifies which view to use. The default value is 1.

d The d option tells the POP3 Userid:d server to delete the messages from the GroupWise post office after they have been downloaded to the POP3 client. The default state is off. If the d option is listed after the user ID, then the Delete Message function is on.

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Option Explanation Example

p The p option tells the POP3 User ID:p server to purge the messages from the GroupWise post office after they have been downloaded to the POP3 client. The default state is off. If the p option is listed after the Userid, then the Purge Message function is on.

t=1-1000 The t option defines the number User ID:t=14 of days prior to today to get messages from. If you put 14, then you will download messages from GroupWise which are 14 days old or newer. The default value is 30 days

n The n option tells the POP3 User ID:N server not to do a MIME conversion of the messages when they are downloaded. Instead, it will do an RFC-822 conversion of the message text. The default state is Off

m The m option tells the POP3 User ID:M server to do a MIME conversion of the messages when they are downloaded. This is the default.

s The s option tells the POP3 User ID:S server to fabricate the file size when the STAT command is executed. If the users' mailbox contains a lot of messages or large messages, then it can take a long time to calculate the file size. With this option, the STAT command will always report an artificial file size of 1, which can save time. The default state is off.

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Option Explanation Example

l=1-1000 The l option limits the number of User ID:L=10 messages to download for each POP3 session. If you want to limit the number of messages to 10, you would enter l=10. The default value is 100 messages.

You can combine user ID login options by stringing them together after the user ID and the colon character (:) without any spaces between the options. Example: User ID:v=1sdl=10

Configuring SMTP Dial-Up Services

The SMTP dial-up feature can be used when you don't require a permanent connection to the Internet and want to periodically check for mail messages queued for processing. You configure and enable the SMTP dial-up feature of the GroupWise Internet Agent in the NetWare Administrator utility. In order to use the SMTP dial-up feature of the Internet Agent, you must first have routing software configured that will make the dial-up connection to the Internet. Perform the following tasks in order to use SMTP Dial-Up Services: ! “Setting Up Internet Dial-up Software (NT and NLM)” on page 81 ! “Enabling SMTP Dial-Up Services” on page 82 ! “Scheduling the SMTP Dial-Up” on page 83

Setting Up Internet Dial-up Software (NT and NLM)

Dial-Up Connection for NT The GroupWise Internet Agent for NT uses Windows NT* Dial-Up Networking for connecting to the Internet. Before you can use the SMTP Dial- Up feature of the GroupWise Internet Agent, you must first install and configure Dial-Up Networking on your Windows NT workstation. You can do this by clicking My Computer > Dial-Up Networking > Install. Follow Microsoft's online help for setting up Dial-Up Networking.

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Dial-Up Connection for NetWare (NLM)

The NLMTM version of the Internet Agent uses the TCP/IP connectivity provided by the NetWare MultProtocol RouterTM program, MPR. MPR 3.1 can be used to connect to an Internet service provider (ISP) over PPP and provide TCP/IP routing out to the Internet. The steps involved in configuring MPR to connect to an ISP are the same as for any other PPP connection. However, there are some configuration options that may require special attention when connecting to an ISP. For step-by-step instructions, see Appendix C, “Configuring Dial-Up Connectivity with MPR,” on page 205. Once you have Internet dial-up connectivity set up, you can continue setting up the SMTP Dial-Up Service.

Enabling SMTP Dial-Up Services

To enable SMTP dial-up: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 2 Click SMTP/MIME Settings > Dial-up.

3 Fill in the fields: Enable Dial-Up: SMTP dial-up service is off by default. This setting allows SMTP dial-on-demand connectivity to the Internet for sending and receiving Internet e-mail. Check the box to turn on SMTP dial-up service. ETRN Host: The ETRN Host setting represents the IP address, or DNS host name, of the mail server (where your mail account resides) at your Internet service provider. You should obtain this address from your ISP.

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ETRN Queue: The ETRN Queue setting is the Internet host name of your GroupWise Internet Agent. This is the same as the host name in the Foreign ID field on the Internet Agent object's main Information page. You should have already obtained a host name from your ISP.

Settings for Windows NT Remote Access Server

Username The username setting is used for the PPP connection to your ISP. You should obtain a username from your Internet service provider.

Password The Password setting is the password for the PPP connection to your ISP. You should obtain this password from your Internet service provider. If you leave this field blank, then the SMTP dial-up will use the currently logged-in user ID and password for authentication.

Scheduling the SMTP Dial-Up

The Schedule page is where you configure the SMTP Dial-up feature of the GroupWise Internet Agent. This feature can be useful if you do not have, or need, a permanent connection to the Internet and want to periodically check for Internet mail messages that are queued for processing. It is important to note that the Internet Agent simply passes TCP/IP packets to the routing service that makes the Internet connection. The Internet Agent is not responsible for the actual dial-up or timeout. The routing service can be either NIAS/MPR for a NetWare server, or RAS for an NT server. The routing software then initiates the dial-up connection to your ISP. To configure SMTP dial-up dialing conditions and schedule: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Schedule. The Schedule page will display:

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You can customize the dial-up Internet connection by applying a profile to a block of time. You can use the default profile or create any number of new profiles to use. A profile contains a definition of queue thresholds and dialing parameters. After you have created a profile you can activate it for a specified block of time. The calendar at the top of the page shows the block of time, for each day of the week, when a particular Profile will be active. To apply a profile, select a profile from the list, then click and drag on a block of time. 2 Click Create to create a new Profile or Click Edit to edit an existing Profile definition including the default Profile. A profile contains settings that the GroupWise Internet Agent uses to determine when to request a dial-up Internet connection from a separate routing service. Profiles are applied to the dial-up schedule on the Schedule page.

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3 Fill in the fields: Name: Enter a unique name for the Profile in the Name field. Description: You can enter a description of the Profile in this text area. Queue Thresholds: You can set the values for all of the three thresholds, two of them, or one. You must define at least one of the queue threshold settings. The Internet Agent will pass the messages (and the information from Dial Parameters) to the routing service when any of these criteria is met.

Value Explanation

Messages The number of messages in the send queue.

Kilobytes The total size of the messages in the send queue.

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Value Explanation

Minutes The amount of time to wait before requesting a dial-up connection since the last connection.

For example, if you set Messages to 20, Kilobytes to 100 KB, and Minutes to 60, the Internet Agent will instruct the routing service to initiate a dial-up connection when 20 messages have accumulated in the send queue, or when the messages in the send queue added together equal 100 KB in size, or after 60 minutes have passed since the last connection.

You can define only the time setting if you want to send your outbound Internet mail at a specified, regular time interval such as every 120 minutes. You can use either of the other two settings in similar fashion, if you want to control dial-up exclusively by the number of messages in the queue or the aggregate file size of the messages in the queue.

Dial Parameters With these parameters you can specify the redial interval, idle time, and polling interval instructions that will be passed to the routing service to control the dialing process.

Defining Server Directories

To define Server Directories: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 2 Click Server Directories.

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3 Fill in the fields: Conversion Directory: The Conversion Directory setting lets you specify the directory where the GroupWise Internet Agent stores temporary files for message conversion. The default is the domain\WPGATE\GWIA\xxx.PRC\GWWORK directory. This setting corresponds with the /work switch. Please note that when you are specifying a path to an NT drive, UNC path syntax must be used. Correlation Database Directory: The Correlation Database Directory setting lets you specify the location of the correlation database.The correlation database contains information that is used to relate message status information with its corresponding e-mail message. It is also used to route error messages to the sender's Sent Items folder. The default is domain\WPGATE\GWIA. This setting corresponds with the /corr switch. SMTP Queues Directory: The SMTP Queues directory setting lets you specify the location of the SMTP service area where messages are routed to and from the Internet.

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The default SMTP queues directory is domain\WPGATE\GWIA. Three sub-directories are created under the SMTP queues directory: SEND, RECEIVE, and RESULT. This setting corresponds with the /dhome switch. 4 Click the Advanced button.

5 Fill in the field: SMTP Service Queues Directory: The SMTP Service Queues directory setting lets you specify a secondary SMTP services directory different than the SMTP queues directory. This directory can be helpful for troubleshooting purposes by providing a way to trap messages before they are routed to the Internet by the SMTP daemon. You can also use the SMTP service queues directory in order to run third- party utilities such as a virus scanner on Internet-bound messages before they are routed by the SMTP daemon. If you specify a directory path in this field, your messages will be placed here. Messages must then be moved manually to the SEND directory under the SMTP queues directory before the Internet Agent's SMTP daemon will route them to the Internet. This setting corresponds with the /smtphome switch. Please note that when you are specifying a path to an NT drive, UNC path syntax must be used.

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6 Enhancing Functionality

The following options show you how you can customize and increase the functionality of the GroupWise® Internet Agent. ! “Correlating Time Zones” on page 89 ! “Using Automatic Shutdown” on page 90 ! “Using Preamble Files” on page 90 ! “Using the MIME Content-Type Mapping File” on page 92 ! “Increasing Internet Agent Speed” on page 94 ! “Installing the Enhancement Pack Internet Agent” on page 96

Correlating Time Zones

Because GroupWise domains can span several time zones, it is important that messages passed between time zones have an accurate time stamp that corresponds with the time zone where the Internet Agent resides. By default, the Internet Agent assumes the time zone assigned to the domain. However, the time zone assigned to the Internet Agent must match the time zone where it physically resides. If your GroupWise Internet Agent does not match the time zone where it physically resides, you should complete the steps below. To correlate time zones: 1 In the NetWare® Administrator browser, double-click the Internet Agent object > click the Information page. 2 From the drop-down box in the Time Zone field, select the time zone that matches the physical location of the Internet Agent. 3 You must restart the Internet Agent for the changes to take effect.

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Using Automatic Shutdown

The GroupWise Internet Agent program can be shut down automatically without using the exit keys on the operation screen. Automatic shutdown can be accomplished by sending a mail message to the Internet Agent or by using a SHUTDOWN file.

Shutting Down the Internet Agent With a Mail Message

The Internet Agent can be unloaded from memory simultaneously by sending a shutdown message to the Internet Agent. In order to shut down the program with a message, the user sending the message must be defined as an operator of that Internet Agent program. This prevents unauthorized users from shutting down the Internet Agent.The message to shut down the Internet Agent must be addressed to the Internet Agent, not a foreign domain. The syntax for the To line is gwia:shutdown, where gwia is the name of the Internet Agent object.

Shutting Down the Internet Agent with a SHUTDOWN File

The Internet Agent can also be unloaded individually by placing a SHUTDOWN file in specific Internet Agent directories. Only the Internet Agent directories need to be accessed. This enables management of the Internet Agent by a timer program or by an administrator who can access the directories but not the Internet Agent screen. The Internet Agent program can also be turned off automatically by creating a file called SHUTDOWN in the Internet Agent xxx.PRC directory. When the Internet Access program sees this file in the xxx.PRC directory, it will delete the file and shut itself down.

Using Preamble Files

Two preamble files are installed with the GroupWise Internet Agent. They are PREAMBLE.TXT and PREAMBLE.ALL.

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PREAMBLE.TXT File

An administrator-configurable ASCII preamble file called PREAMBLE.TXT is installed in the Internet Agent root directory. It will be included with any MIME multipart message prior to the boundaries. This file will display for any recipient who lacks a MIME-compliant mail reader. The content of the PREAMBLE.TXT file is a warning, in English, that the file is being sent in MIME format. If the recipient cannot read the message the recipient will need to either use a MIME-compliant mail reader or reply to the sender and request the message not be sent in MIME format. It is recommended that you use the PREAMBLE.TXT file so that those who read MIME messages coming from your GroupWise system and who lack MIME-compliant mail readers will understand why they cannot read the message and will be able to take corrective action. If you choose to modify the PREAMBLE.TXT file, be aware of the following considerations: ! The maximum file size is 1024 bytes (1 KB) ! This file is read by the Internet Agent when the Internet Agent starts, so if you change the file, you will need to exit the Internet Agent and restart it.

PREAMBLE.ALL File

This file contains the text of PREAMBLE.TXT translated into several languages. PREAMBLE.ALL is also installed in the Internet Agent root directory. If you anticipate that your users will be sending mail to multinational users, you may want to copy the appropriate sections for the languages you wish to support from the PREAMBLE.ALL file and add them to the PREAMBLE.TXT file. When recipients who lack MIME-compliant mail programs open the message, they will see the message in English and in other languages. The 1024-KB limit on the size of the PREAMBLE.TXT file still applies, so make sure that the file does not exceed 1024 KB.

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Using the MIME Content-Type Mapping File

The MIMETYPE.CFG file is the MIME content-type mapping file for the GroupWise Internet Agent. It allows you to map attachment file types to MIME content-types. The MIMETYPE.CFG file also allows you to control the encoding schemes used for various file types. Many file types have already been included in this file. If there are content types you wish to add or encode differently, you can do it with the MIMETYPE.CFG file. If an attachment is sent which does not have a mapping in the file, the gateway will choose quoted-printable, BinHex or Base64. MIMETYPE.CFG is also used for RFC-822, but only UUencode or BinHex encoding will be used. The content type will be disregarded when using RFC- 822.

MIMETYPE.CFG File

The MIMETYPE.CFG file is an ASCII file containing mapping information for various platforms and the associated MIME content-type as well as possible encodings that are to be used by the Internet Agent to encode the attachment. It also allows an administrator to add mappings that may not be included in the shipping file. The MIMETYPE.CFG file can be found in the \WPGATE\gwia directory. To use the "?" wildcard character in MIMETYPE.CFG, you must have one "?" for each character you want to match. If the Macintosh* creator is mac- WPC3CRD2 you would need to add mac-???????? to MIMETYPE.CFG to match it. There is no "*" match. MIMETYPE.CFG is a complex file with predefined defaults for mapping and configuration information. The defaults included in the file should be sufficient in most cases for most users. You should not modify this file unless you have an advanced knowledge of the MIME specifications and a clear need to do so.

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File Organization

The MIMETYPE.CFG file contains four sections that describe how the Internet Agent works with MIME messages and how a message will be processed. The priority of the mappings is as follows: ! Parameter-override ! Mac-mappings ! Detect-mappings ! Extension-mappings You can have multiple encodings on a line. If a line has no encodings it is assumed that all encodings are possible.

Parameter-Override Settings in the parameter-override section take priority over other sections. You can use parameter-override to limit how certain files will be encoded. This topic also contains defaults for sending various kinds of multipart messages. This is how the Internet Agent knows to put attachments into MIME Alternate/Parallel multiparts. It also specifies file extensions used to force encoding schemes.

Mac-Mappings This mapping is for attachments mailed by the GroupWise client for Macintosh. Macintosh files have a type and creator associated with them. MIMETYPE.CFG has some mappings for common Macintosh file types. When you attach a file to a message with the Macintosh client, the file type and creator is passed to the gateway, which will encode that attachment according to MIMETYPE.CFG. If there is no mapping, the attachment will be encoded in BinHex 4.0.

Detect-Mappings Associated with all GroupWise attachments is a detect number. The Internet Agent will use the number to find a mapping in the MIMETYPE.CFG file and encode the attachment with the specified encoding scheme. If there is no mapping specified or if the file type cannot be determined, one of the other file type mapping methods will be used, such as extension. The detect numbers associated with attachments are programmed by Novell® and cannot be changed.

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For example, when a WordPerfect* 5.1 file is attached to a mail message, the file is examined to determine what kind of file it is. When it is recognized as WordPerfect 5.1, it is assigned a detect number of dtk-3. The Internet Agent will use the dtk-3 mapping as specified in MIMETYPE.CFG. Because there are no encoding options on the dtk-3 line, Internet Agent will determine the best way to encode the file.

Extension-Mappings If nothing was found for mac-mappings or detect-mappings, the Internet Agent will use the attachment extension. It will look up the extension in the MIMETYPE.CFG file and find out what encoding scheme and content type has been mapped for that attachment.

Encoding Information

Listed below are the various standard MIME encoding schemes. You can obtain complete information on all of these schemes from the MIME RFCs. These RFCs can be found at http://nic.ddn.mil/cgi-bin/rfcsearch and ftp:// ds.internic.net/rfc/. RFCs are also available at other online technical resource libraries. You can find them by using one of the many popular World Wide Web search tools. ! Base64 ! BinHex 4.0 ! Plain ! Quoted-Printable ! Quoted-Printable-Safe ! UUencode

Increasing Internet Agent Speed

You can implement the following procedures to help enhance the Internet Agent's processing speed: ! “Sending and Receiving Threads” on page 95 ! “Increasing Polling Time” on page 95 ! “Decreasing the Timeout Cycles” on page 96 ! “Changing the Maximum Packet Received Buffers” on page 96

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Sending and Receiving Threads

The Internet Agent uses sending and receiving threads to process incoming and outgoing messages. The more threads you make available, the more messages the Internet Agent can process concurrently. However, threads place a demand on the station's resources. Too many threads can monopolize memory and CPU utilization. Make sure you balance your processing speed requirements with the other applications running on the Internet Agent station or server.

Increasing Polling Time Incoming and outgoing messages are stored in priority queues. The GroupWise Internet Agent polls these queues and then forwards the messages for distribution. The Time option lets you control how often the Internet Agent polls these queuing directories. Make sure you balance polling time requirements with the other applications running on the Internet Agent station or server. To increase polling time: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, double-click the Internet Agent object > click the Time Settings Page. 2 Adjust the Idle Sleep Duration setting. Select this field to set the time, in seconds, you want the Internet Agent to idle after it has processed its queues. A low setting, such as 5 seconds, speeds up processing, but it also requires more computer resources. A higher setting slows down the Internet Agent, but it also requires fewer computer resources by reducing the number of network polling scans. 3 Adjust the Snap Shot Interval setting. Select this field to define a sliding interval you can use to monitor Internet Agent activity. For example, if the Snap Shot Interval remains at the default (10 minutes), the Snap Shot columns in the operation screen display only the previous 10 minutes of activity. This interval slides when it updates the display every minute to show the previous 10 minutes of activity. The Snap Shot statistics are a dynamic monitor of Internet Agent activity, not a summary.

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Decreasing the Timeout Cycles

The Internet Agent has a series of switches that control its timeout settings. By decreasing the default time of the timeout cycles you may be able to slightly increase the Internet Agent speed. However, the timeout cycles do not place an extremely significant burden on the overall performance of the Internet Agent so the effect may be minimal. You should consider this option only after you have tried everything else.

Changing the Maximum Packet Received Buffers

This option is available only for the NLMTM version. In NetWare 4.1, the Maximum Packet Received Buffers parameter is optimized for 100 users. If you leave the send and receive threads at their default settings, you probably will not need to change the Maximum Packet Received Buffers parameter. However, if you significantly increase the number of send and receive threads, you should increase the default Maximum Packet Received Buffers parameter to better accommodate the SMTP processes. You must change this parameter at the server.

Installing the Enhancement Pack Internet Agent

The updated Internet Agent in the GroupWise 5.5 Enhancement Pack provides significant new functionality: ! Web Console lets you monitor the Internet Agent from your Web browser. ! Paging Capabilities provide smart forwarding, improved originator information, user block control, and reduced Internet traffic. ! Flat Forwarding eliminates the empty messages that used to be passed from user to user as a message was forwarded multiple times. For details about these new features, see the Enhancement Pack Internet Agent Quick Start on the GroupWise 5.5 Enhancement Pack page (http:// www.novell.com/documentation/lg/gw55ep/docui/index.html).

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7 Configuring Access Control

The Access Control feature of the GroupWise® Internet Agent provides a way for system administrators to control inbound and outbound messages transmitted over the Internet. Access Control can be implemented at a user level, as well as at a user group level or a post office level. You can specify which users can send e-mail messages over the Internet, as well as to what Internet sites or addresses they can send their messages to. You can also control message size, and whether rule-generated messages will be allowed or disallowed. To configure Access Control you need to define settings on the Access Control pages through the NetWare® Administrator utility. Choose from the following section titles to learn how to set up and use Access Control. ! “Setting Up Access Control” on page 97 ! “Viewing Access Control Settings” on page 101 ! “Managing the Access Control Database” on page 101

Setting Up Access Control

Access Control offers a flexible way to customize who has access to the Internet messaging capabilities of the Internet Agent. Access Control is configured through the NetWare Administrator utility. The default Access Control setting for the Internet Agent allows incoming and outgoing Internet messages for all members of the post office. However, access to Internet messaging features can be modified by creating different classes of service and adding members to a particular class of service, to meet the particular needs of your organization.

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Class of Service

A class of service is a specifically defined configuration of Internet Agent privileges. You can create, edit, and delete any number of classes of service. After you have created a new class of service, you can assign individual members, a group of users, or even an entire post office to a class of service. Because you can assign membership to the user, group, post office, and domain level, it is possible that a single user can be a member of multiple classes of service. This conflict is resolved hierarchically, with the highest criterion being the individual user. For example, if a user has class membership through a post office association and has class membership as an individual, the individual class of service will prevail. Additionally, if a user is assigned as a member of more than one class of service at the same level, for example as an individual, than the class of service which offers the greatest access privileges will be implemented. You can create a class of service suited to your specific needs by setting access controls for SMTP, IMAP4, and POP3 messaging services. To create a class of service: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 2 Click Access Control to display the Access Control page.

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3 Click Create > type a name for the class > click OK. The Edit Access Settings and Select Membership check boxes are marked by default so that you can perform these procedures immediately. You can uncheck these boxes if you prefer to do these steps at a later time. 4 Define the following open class of service properties for SMTP Incoming: Inherit Access: This option will inherit access control settings from the default class of service or through membership in another class of service. Allow Incoming Messages: This option allows members of the class to receive e-mail messages over the Internet. You can limit the size of messages and also prevent messages from a specific Internet site (an IP address or DNS hostname are both valid). Prevent Incoming Messages: This option prevents e-mail messages from the Internet. 5 Define the following open class of service properties for SMTP Outgoing: Inherit Access: This option will inherit access control settings from the default class of service or through membership in another class of service.

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Allow Outgoing Messages: This option allows members of the class to send e-mail messages over the Internet. You can limit the size of messages and also prevent the sending of messages to a specific Internet site (an IP address or DNS hostname are both valid). Prevent Outgoing Messages: This option prevents the sending of e-mail messages to the Internet. 6 Define the following open class of service properties for IMAP4: Inherit Access: This option will inherit access control settings from the default class of service or through membership in another class of service. Allow Access: This option allows members of the class to send and receive e-mail messages with an IMAP4-compliant message store. Prevent Access: This option prevents access to an IMAP4-compliant message store. 7 Define the following open class of service properties for POP3: Inherit Access: This option will inherit access control settings from the default class of service or through membership in another class of service. Allow Access: This option allows members of the class to download messages from GroupWise to a POP3 client. You can specify whether to delete or purge the downloaded message from the originating GroupWise message store, convert messages to MIME format, the number of days to search back for messages, and the maximum number of messages to download. Prevent Access: This option prevents the ability to download messages using the POP3 service. 8 Click OK to display the Membership Selection dialog box. You can select domains, post offices, distribution lists of users, or individual users to add to the membership list for this particular class of service. 9 Click Domains, Post Offices, Distribution Lists, or Users to display the type of list you want. 10 Select the domain, post office, distribution list, or user you want > click Add to add the object as a member in the class of service. Repeat as desired to construct the Membership List. 11 Click OK to finish.

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Viewing Access Control Settings

Once you have created a class of service and constructed Membership Lists you can view the class of service that is being applied to a domain, post office, distribution list, or user. This tool provides a quick and convenient way to see the access privileges given to a particular person or group in your organization. To view Access Control settings: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Access Testing. 2 Click a button at the top for either Domains, Post Offices, Distribution Lists, or Users to display the list you want. 3 In the list, select the item you want to view > click View Access. The tabbed pages show the access control settings for SMTP Incoming, SMTP Outgoing, IMAP4, and POP3 as they are applied to that user, group, post office, or domain.

Managing the Access Control Database

The Access Control database stores the information for the various classes of service you have created. If any problems occur with a class of service, you can validate the database to check for errors with the records and indexes contained in the database. If errors are found, you can recover the database.

Validating the Database To validate the database: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Access Database Management. 2 Click Validate Now. 3 After the database has been validated, click OK. 4 If errors were found, see “Recovering the Database” on page 102.

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Recovering the Database

If you encountered errors when validating the database, you must recover the database. During the recovery process a new database is created and all intact records are copied to the new database. Some records may not be intact, so you should check the classes of services to see if any information was lost. To recover the database: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Access Database Management. 2 Click Recover Now. 3 Click OK. 4 Check your class of service list to make sure that it is complete.

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8 Understanding Internet Addressing

The information in this section will help you understand how the GroupWise® Internet Agent sends and receives messages over the Internet. Note that GroupWise 5.5 now offers system administrators another connectivity option if they want their users to communicate with users on other GroupWise 5.5 systems. This connectivity method enables a GroupWise 5.5 Message Transfer Agent (MTA) to dynamically recognize, connect with, and transfer messages to other 5.5 MTAs across the Internet without using the GroupWise Internet Agent or an SMTP/MIME gateway. This connection between GroupWise systems is referred to as a dynamic Internet link. For more information about dynamic Internet links between GroupWise 5.5 systems, see "Using Dynamic Internet Links Between 5.5 Systems" in "Connecting GroupWise 5.x Systems" in the Connectivity guide ! “Internet Addressing Concepts” on page 103 ! “How Messages are Routed” on page 106 ! “How the Internet Agent Resolves Addresses” on page 107 ! “How to Use Multiple Foreign Names” on page 109 ! “Character Mapping from GroupWise Addresses to Internet Addresses” on page 111

Internet Addressing Concepts

Before you configure the GroupWise Internet Agent for addressing, you should understand some basics of IP addresses used on the Internet.

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IP Addresses

An Internet address is made up of a host portion and a user portion. The host portion is the name assigned to your server by your Internet service provider. You enter the host name in the Foreign ID field of the Internet Agent Information page. The user portion is the name of a user's e-mail account or user ID. To exchange mail across the Internet, each user must have a valid Internet e- mail address. The standard Internet addressing syntax is: user@host The following sample Internet e-mail address is used throughout this guide: [email protected]

The user ID, maria, identifies the user to the host computer, which in this example is sales.xyz.com. The host name in the sales.xyz.com example is an alias of the IP address, which uniquely identifies the host's network connection. An IP address, such as 151.155.111.11, is a four-octet number divided by periods. The Internet routing protocols resolve the components of the IP address to route the message to the designated host.

Domain Name Service Because it is often difficult for users to remember a series of numbers, the Internet employs a domain name service, or DNS, that assigns a fully- qualified host name, such as sales.xyz.com, to a specific IP address. A fully- qualified host name has at least two components: the site name (in this example sales.xyz) and the top level domain extension (in this example .com). The top level domain extension identifies the type of organization the user belongs to. The following table lists the most common top level domains:

Top Level Domain Domain Description

.com Companies and businesses

.edu Educational institutions

.gov Government agencies

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Top Level Domain Domain Description

.int International organizations

.mil Military organizations

.org Other organizations

.xx Two-character country designator, such as .de for Germany

If you include the IP address in the Internet address, the IP address must be enclosed in square brackets; for example, maria@[151.155.111.11].

Internet Addressing in GroupWise If a GroupWise user ID is not unique within a GroupWise system, the Internet Agent will automatically add addressing information to ensure that replies will be deliverable. Unless a GroupWise user ID is unique in the GroupWise system, the user's Internet address must contain the names of the GroupWise post office and domain to fully qualify the address. Unless the address is unique, any replies sent back through the gateway to the original sender cannot be delivered. In previous versions of the SMTP/MIME gateway, the /fqosa switch could be used to enforce address uniqueness by including domain.post office.user as the user portion of outbound Internet addresses. This version uses the /aql switch (address qualification level) instead of the /fqosa switch. For details about all the Internet Agent startup switches, see Appendix B, “Startup Switches,” on page 181. You can set the /aql switch so that the Internet Agent resolves the From: line to include the user, post office.user, or domain.post offiice.user information as the user portion of the Internet address. The default setting for the /aql switch is Auto. If you don't set the /aql switch, the Internet Agent will automatically resolve the address to include whatever GroupWise components are necessary to make it unique. In conjunction with the /aql switch, you can set the /aqor switch (address qualifier on right) to move the post office or domain.post office names from the user portion to the host portion on the right side of the Internet address. After the Internet Agent is installed, GroupWise users can exchange messages with users of other systems across the Internet. If you choose not to simplify addressing, the syntax is:

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internet_agent_server_name:"user@host"

For example: gwia:"[email protected]" You can use this syntax without altering your current GroupWise system configuration. However, you must provide users with the Internet Agent name (in this example, GWIA). They must also place quotation marks around the user@host portion of the address. For many users, the addressing syntax noted above is too cumbersome. To learn how to simplify the addressing syntax and provide users with easier addressing options, see Chapter 9, “Simplifying Addressing,” on page 113.

How Messages are Routed

The sections listed below discuss how the Internet Agent routes both incoming and outgoing messages. ! “Routing a Message to the Internet” on page 106 ! “Routing an Internet Message to GroupWise” on page 106

Routing a Message to the Internet

When a message is addressed to go across the Internet, it is routed to the Internet Agent. The Internet Agent converts the message to the SMTP/MIME format and creates an SMTP header file that includes the sender's and the receiver's Internet addresses. When the conversion of the message and the header file are both complete, the Internet Agent places the message in the \SMTP\SEND directory, where it can be transported. The Internet Agent program polls the \SMTP\SEND directory. When it detects a message, it hooks into the TCP/IP kernel and sends the message to the destination computer. The destination computer is the Internet host. The destination computer routes the message to the recipient.

Routing an Internet Message to GroupWise

The sending computer attempts to open a connection to the GroupWise Internet Agent program using the SMTP port. The Internet Agent program constantly listens for connecting hosts.

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The sending computer is the Internet host. When a message is received, the program places it in the \SMTP\RECEIVE directory. The program polls the \SMTP\RECEIVE directory. When a message is found, it is validated through an address resolution process (see “How the Internet Agent Resolves Addresses” on page 107). If the message is deliverable, it is converted from the SMTP/MIME format to the GroupWise format. The Internet Agent then passes the message to the GroupWise Message Transfer Agent, which oversees the delivery of the message to the user.

How the Internet Agent Resolves Addresses

Before a message can be sent from GroupWise to the Internet, the Internet Agent must resolve the address to standard Internet addressing syntax (user@host). Also, before a message can be received from the Internet and delivered in GroupWise, the Internet Agent must resolve the address to standard GroupWise addressing syntax (domain.po.user). The processes used to resolve the addresses are explained in the following sections: ! “Resolving Outbound GroupWise Addresses to Internet Addresses” on page 107 ! “Resolving Inbound Internet Addresses to GroupWise Addresses” on page 108 ! “Internet Agent Performs Mail Routing for Inbound Messages” on page 108 ! “Inbound Address Group Expansion” on page 109

Resolving Outbound GroupWise Addresses to Internet Addresses

Internet addresses must conform to the user@host addressing syntax. This means the Internet Agent must map GroupWise addresses, which use the domain.po.user syntax, to an Internet syntax. Both the sender's and the recipient's addresses must be resolved. The sender's address is resolved to build a return address for the recipient. The recipient's address is resolved so the message can be routed to the proper Internet host.

Sender's and Recipient's Addresses Resolved the Same If the recipient's address does not include the Internet Agent or foreign domain name, both the sender's and recipient's addresses are resolved in the same way.

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When a sender's or a recipient's address is not prefaced by the Internet Agent or the foreign domain name, it means post offices or users have been added to the foreign domain or directly to the Internet Agent. The Internet Agent attempts to map the addresses to an Internet syntax.

Sender's and Recipient's Addresses Resolved Differently If a recipient's address includes the name of the Internet Agent object or the foreign domain, it is resolved differently than the sender's address. A recipient's address that includes the Internet Agent name probably originated from a GroupWise system that doesn't have a foreign domain. If this is the case, the addressing syntax would be: domain.gateway:"user@host"

If the address includes the foreign domain name, then the following syntax is used: foreign_domain:user@host

In either case, the Internet syntax is already part of the address. When the GroupWise client detects the Internet Agent name or foreign domain name, the message is routed to the Internet Agent and delivered to the Internet address.

Resolving Inbound Internet Addresses to GroupWise Addresses

The Internet Agent divides the Internet address into user and host portions (for example, [email protected] is divided into bob and market.abc.com).

Internet Agent Performs Mail Routing for Inbound Messages

The GroupWise Internet Agent can perform mail routing and function as an SMTP mail hub, or smart host, to resend messages it receives that should go to another host. Previously the gateway would put the message in the GWPROB directory and send the sender an undeliverable message. If the Internet Agent receives a message where the host portion of the address doesn't match the foreign name or a post office alias, or if the whole address doesn't match a user alias, it places the message in the SEND directory for the program to make an attempt to send the message to the correct host. If the program is unsuccessful in sending the message to the correct host as specified in the address, then it returns an undeliverable message to the sender.

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Inbound Address Group Expansion

When an inbound address includes a public group defined in the GroupWise system, the Internet Agent expands the group ID to all the members defined in the group. For example, if the public group Management includes the users MariaS, BobT, Christin, and GeorgeP, any messages sent inbound through the Internet Agent addressed to management@host would be sent to users MariaS, BobT, Christin, and GeorgeP. For each member of a group, the copy type (Primary recipient, CC, or BC) will be used as defined for that member of the group. Groups may be nested, meaning that other groups may be named within a group. However, if the nesting of groups goes to five levels, the group recipients will be rejected and the message declared undeliverable.

How to Use Multiple Foreign Names

You can assign multiple foreign names to the Internet Agent. A foreign name identifies the host name to the Internet Agent. You may want to identify multiple hosts with multiple foreign names only within your internal organization. This is useful if you are using a central mail hub or firewall to distribute messages. You may want to be able to identify multiple host names to the outside Internet community so the Internet Agent will accept messages with addresses for several hosts. The host portion of the fully-qualified Internet domain host name must exactly match the Foreign ID. The foreign names are defined in the Internet Agent Information page in NetWare® Administrator and are separated only by a space in the Foreign ID field. The first foreign name identifies what the host part of the address will be in the From: line for all outbound messages the Internet Agent processes. For example, if user Karl sends a message to the Internet and the foreign name (or first foreign name) is foo.com, the Internet Agent sends the message with the return address of [email protected]. If your organization wants to have one host name identifiable to the Internet community and multiple host names identified internally, you must define these additional hosts as additional foreign names. This kind of situation is particularly common with firewalls, where you might restrict inbound access by restricting the host names the Internet can use to identify your organization. In this way, a message addressed to [email protected] can be directed through the Internet to the host foo.com and then redirected to the machine that processes

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his mail and is identified by a different host name (marketing.foo.com, for example). When a message arrives at the central mail hub, the hub searches its UNIX* aliases table to distribute the message to the user. In this example, the name of the central mail hub is foo.com. The alias table at the central mail hub stores Karl's actual address, [email protected]. However, to Internet users, Karl's address is only [email protected]. The second foreign name defining the host machine which processes Karl's mail is marketing.foo.com. With this foreign name defined, Karl can send and receive messages without any problems because the From: address is always sent as [email protected] and incoming messages are redirected to the actual host that processes his mail (marketing.foo.com). However, without a second foreign name, when Karl replies to a message, the From: address that accompanies it is [email protected] because the message is sent out from the actual machine that processes his mail (not the host defined as foo.com). In this example, Karl receives the message addressed to [email protected] through the central mail hub, but his reply return address is [email protected]. If an Internet user tries to send a message or reply to this address, the message is returned undelivered because the host name sales.foo.com is not recognized outside the internal organization. If you add a second foreign name to the Foreign ID field of the Information page, you can avoid this distribution problem. In this example, marketing.foo.com is added as the second foreign name. The name of the central mail hub must be the first entry in the Foreign Name field. The Internet Agent will always use the first host name as the return address. An MX Record must be created for each Foreign Name you define in NetWare Administrator.

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Character Mapping from GroupWise Addresses to Internet Addresses

The following list shows how the Internet Agent maps characters in address strings for GroupWise addresses. Character mapping does not apply to post office and user aliases or any non-GroupWise addresses such as Internet addresses. ! Space - If a GroupWise user includes a space in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with an underscore symbol (_). GroupWise Example: bob smithhq.foo.com Internet Example: [email protected] ! Underscore - If a GroupWise user includes an underscore (_) in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #u#. GroupWise Example: [email protected] Internet Example: bob#u#[email protected] ! Left Parenthesis - If a GroupWise user includes a left parenthesis in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #l#. ! Right parenthesis - If a GroupWise user includes a right parenthesis in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #r#. ! Comma - If a GroupWise user includes a comma (,) in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #m#. ! Colon - If a GroupWise user includes a colon (:) in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #c#. ! Backslash - If a GroupWise user includes a backslash (\) in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #b#. ! Pound sign - If a GroupWise user includes a pound sign (#) in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #h#. ! Equals sign - If a GroupWise user includes an equals sign (=) in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #e#. ! Forward slash - If a GroupWise user includes a forward slash (/) in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #s#. ! Extended characters - If a GroupWise user includes an extended character such as a Beta in the address, the Internet Agent replaces it with #nnnn#.

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The first nn is the hexadecimal number of the WordPerfect* character set where the character is found. This will almost always be character set 01h (h stands for hexadecimal). The second nn is the hexadecimal number of the character within the specified WordPerfect character set. In the sample below, the Greek Beta character becomes #0117#. For #0117#, 01h is the WordPerfect character set hexadecimal number where the Beta character is located and 17h is the hexadecimal equivalent of 23 which is the character number of the Beta character within WordPerfect character set 1. GroupWise Example: bob hei(Beta)@hq.foo.com Internet Example: bob_hei#0117#@hq.foo.com

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9 Simplifying Addressing

To learn how to simplify the addressing syntax and provide users with easier addressing options, choose from the list of address simplification procedures below. ! “Creating a Foreign Domain Structure” on page 113 ! “Adding Internet Users to the Address Book” on page 121 ! “Creating a Customized Addressing Rule” on page 122

Creating a Foreign Domain Structure

Creating a foreign domain structure lets your GroupWise® users take advantage of a simplified addressing syntax. A simpler addressing syntax requires more preliminary configuration of the GroupWise system. However, an easy-to-use addressing syntax is possible, with the proper configuration of links, external and foreign GroupWise domains, post offices, and user objects. There are three levels of addressing syntax: ! “Simplifying Syntax to foreign_domain:user@host” on page 113 ! “Simplifying Syntax to user@post office” on page 117 ! “Simplifying Syntax to User” on page 119

Simplifying Syntax to foreign_domain:user@host By using a foreign domain structure you can reduce the amount of addressing information a user needs to enter when sending e-mail over the Internet. A foreign domain is a type of GroupWise domain. You create the foreign domain using the NetWare® Administrator utility.

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By performing the following tasks, you can configure your GroupWise system so that users can send Internet e-mail messages using the foreign_domain:user@host syntax. ! “Creating a Foreign Domain” on page 114 ! “Linking the Foreign Domain to the Internet Agent” on page 115

Creating a Foreign Domain If you don't create a custom addressing rule, you should create at least one foreign domain to simplify addressing for users sending mail messages through the Internet Agent. The name of the foreign domain becomes part of the user's address. For example, if the foreign domain is "Internet," the addressing syntax is: Internet:user@host You can create two foreign domains to let users specify which conversion format they want for individual messages (RFC-822 format or MIME format). When you link the foreign domain, you define in the Access String field which format will be used for that foreign domain name. For example, if you define the foreign domain "mime" to use MIME format, a user can use the syntax: mime:user@host The other foreign domain you create can be defined to use RFC-822 format. In this way, users have a choice of using MIME or RFC-822 format and can override the /mime startup switch if it is used when starting the Internet Agent. The /mime option is the active, default configuration in the GWIA.CFG file. This means the Internet Agent will send e-mail in MIME format by default. To create a foreign domain: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, select Tools > GroupWise View. 2 Right-click the GroupWise System Name > click Create > External Domain > OK. 3 Fill in the External Foreign Domain Name field. Enter the name of the foreign domain. This is the name that users will type as part of the address when sending e-mail. Internet is a good choice. Make sure the name is easy to remember, but not too specific. For example, if you use Sales as a foreign domain name, users would have to

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include that name in the addressing syntax each time they send mail across the Internet. 4 Select the Domain Type. Use the Domain Type Down-arrow to display the drop-down box and select External Foreign. 5 Fill in the Version field. This should be 5.X for the Internet Agent. 6 Select the Time Zone. This should match the time zone for the gateway. If it does not, use the drop-down box to change the time zone to match the gateway time zone. 7 Fill in the Link To Domain field. If you want to change the domain that your foreign domain is linked to, select a different domain using the drop-down box. 8 You do not have to fill in the Domain Database Location field (Optional). 9 Select Define Additional Properties to define the foreign domain information after the domain is created. Do not select Create Another at this time. You can create other domains later. 10 Click Create. In the External Foreign Domain Properties dialog box, fill in the Description Field (Optional). For example, you could include the installation date, the machine name, or any other information.

Linking the Foreign Domain to the Internet Agent After you have created the foreign domain, you must link it to the domain where the Internet Agent resides. The link connects the Internet Agent, the foreign domain, and the Internet. If you create two domains as a way for users to specify MIME or RFC-822 format, you need to also define the Access String field when you define the link. To link the foreign domain: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, click Tools > GroupWise Utilities > Link Configuration.

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2 Click View Gateway to display the links. The graphics next to the link records indicate their status.

Icon Description

Unmodified

Modified - Needs to be saved

Unsafe - change currently being replicated

Change made to link from another view

No rights to change the link

3 To link the domain where the Internet Agent resides to the foreign domain, drag the foreign domain to the Internet Agent window. The Edit Domain Link dialog box displays the link properties. 4 Ensure that the Description field describes the link you want to create. This is an informational field that identifies the domains being linked. 5 Ensure that the Link Type is Gateway. If necessary, click Gateway to select a link. 6 Fill in the Gateway Link field. If you have created only one object, the name of the Internet Agent is displayed in this field. If you have created more than one Internet Agent object, click the Down-arrow to display the list, then click the correct name. 7 Fill in the Access String field (optional). To specify the conversion format (RFC-822 or MIME) for the foreign domain, you must include one of the following parameters: -rfc822 or - mime. When this access string is defined, any messages addressed with the foreign domain will be converted using the specified format. If you do not use either of these switches, message conversion will be performed based on startup switches. The default is for MIME conversion. 8 Do not fill in the Return Link field. It does not apply.

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At this point, users can exchange e-mail with other Internet users using the syntax foreign_domain:user@host. Make sure you distribute the name of the foreign domain to your users. If you created two foreign domains to specify the MIME and RFC-822 formats, provide both foreign domain names to your users.

Simplifying Syntax to user@post office

You can use a foreign domain structure to reduce the addressing syntax to a user@post_office level. To simplify the addressing syntax to this level, first perform the two tasks that are required for the foreign_domain:user@host level. Then continue with the following two additional tasks: ! “Creating a Post Office in a Foreign Domain” on page 117 ! “Creating a Post Office Alias in a Foreign Domain” on page 118 When you add a post office and a post office alias to a foreign domain, the addressing syntax is reduced to user@post_office. This option closely emulates the standard Internet addressing syntax of user@host. To use this addressing syntax, each post office added to the foreign domain that is addressed by Internet users must have a post office alias. The post office alias must be the fully-qualified host name of the site to which you are sending messages. The post office name should relate closely to the name of the host on which the user has an account. For example, if the fully-qualified Internet name is sales.xyz.com, you cannot use the fully-qualified host name because the period that separates the host name components is not a valid character for post office names. GroupWise reserves the period for its addressing syntax of domain.po.user. For that reason, an example post office might be sales.

Creating a Post Office in a Foreign Domain After creating the foreign domain you must create a post office under the foreign domain. To create the post office: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, click Tools > GroupWise View. 2 Right-click the external foreign domain where you want to install the post office > click Create > select External Post Office > OK.

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3 Fill in the External Post Office Name field. Enter the name of the external post office. Use a name that is closely related to the host name of the Internet address, for example Sales. Do not use the fully-qualified host name because it is used in the post office alias. 4 Verify that the GroupWise Domain name is correct. If it is not, use the Browse button to change it. 5 Verify the time zone. The post office assumes the time zone of the domain where it is installed. If the host to which you are connecting is in a different time zone, you should adjust the time zone. 6 Select Define Additional Properties to define the post office information after the post office is created. Do not select Create Another at this time. You can create other post offices later. 7 Click Create. 8 Fill in the Description Field on the External Post Office Properties (Optional). You could include the installation date, the machine name, or any other information. The post office name is displayed in the GroupWise View window under the foreign domain.

Creating a Post Office Alias in a Foreign Domain A post office alias provides the Internet Agent with the fully-qualified name of the host to which you are connecting. The fully-qualified host name enables the Internet Agent to route messages to other users across the Internet. The post office alias you use should not be the same as the name in the Foreign ID field for the Internet Agent in NetWare Administrator. If it is the same, inbound address resolution may not function properly. To create a post office alias: 1 In the NetWare Administrator window, select the Tools menu > GroupWise View > right-click the external post office where you want to add the alias > select Details. 2 Click the Aliases page > Add.

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3 Fill in the Gateway Alias Type field. Use the Browse button to select the correct alias. 4 Fill in the Gateway Alias field. Enter the fully-qualified host name. When the Internet Agent resolves outgoing messages, it searches for a post office alias. Make sure you enter the complete host name, including the top-level domain extension. With these configuration steps completed, users can send a message to another user across the Internet with the following syntax: user@post_office

Users are not restricted to using user@post_office addressing. They can still use foreign_domain:user@host addressing to send messages to other users.

Simplifying Syntax to User

To configure your GroupWise system for user syntax addressing you need to to create a foreign domain/foreign post office structure and add users to the external foreign post office. If you have many users you want to add to the Address Book, this is the best method to use. In order to add users to a foreign domain/post office structure, make sure you have created a foreign domain and linked it to the Internet Agent, then created a post office and a post office alias in the foreign domain. Then perform one additional task: ! “Creating External Users in a Post Office” on page 119

Creating External Users in a Post Office Adding user IDs for non-GroupWise users as external GroupWise users to your GroupWise Address Book reduces the addressing syntax to the user IDs. At the same time, external GroupWise users are added to your GroupWise system's Address Book, so GroupWise users can select foreign users from the Address Book. An external user is a user object that appears in the GroupWise Address Book but doesn't actually exist in NDS®. This object includes an Internet Agent address that is automatically entered in the To:, CC:, or BC: field when a user sends a message to the external user. To create external users:

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1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, select Tools > GroupWise View. 2 Right-click post office you where you want to create the external user > click Create > select External User > click OK. 3 Fill in the User Name Field. 4 Ensure that the correct External GroupWise Post Office is shown. Enter the exact user portion of the Internet address. If the address is [email protected], the portion you would enter here is maria. 5 Select Define Additional Properties to define the Internet Agent information after the NDS object is created. Do not select Create Another at this time. You can create other external users later. 6 Click Create to create the external user. 7 Fill in any of the optional fields on the External User Information page. Any fields you fill in here will show in the GroupWise Address Book. If you did not assign a post office alias to your external foreign post office in a previous task, you must now assign a user alias to the external users you have created. To send a message across the Internet to a non-GroupWise user who was added to your GroupWise system, a GroupWise user on your system can use the Address Book or enter the following syntax on the To line of the GroupWise Message view: user

For example, if Bob sends a message to Maria, the syntax is: maria User addressing does not restrict users from addressing messages to other Internet users who are not included in the GroupWise Address Book. Users can also use foreign_domain:user@host addressing, which lets them communicate with Internet users who are not yet part of your system's foreign domain structure.

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Adding Internet Users to the Address Book

If GroupWise users communicate frequently with the same Internet users, you may want to include the Internet users in the Address Book. This lets users select Internet users as if they were part of the GroupWise system. You can include Internet users in your Address Book by creating a foreign domain or by adding them as users to the Internet Agent. The Internet Agent is at the same hierarchical level as a post office. You can assign users to the Internet Agent just as you would a post office of a foreign domain. However, you must assign each Internet user added to the Internet Agent both an individual user ID and a user alias. Whenever you add a user to the Internet Agent, a user alias is required. The alias must be identical to the user's Internet mail address (user@host). Whether you add users to the Internet Agent or to the post office of a foreign domain depends primarily on the number of users at the given site you want to include in your GroupWise Address Book. If you just want to add a few users from that site, you may want to add them to the Internet Agent. If you have numerous users you want to add, you may want to add them to the post office of a foreign domain. The following steps describe how to add users to the Internet Agent. To add users: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, click Tools > GroupWise View. 2 Right-click the Internet Agent object > click Create External User > OK. 3 Fill in the User Name field. Enter the user name assigned to the Internet user. This name does not need to be identical to the user portion of the Internet e-mail address, but it should be similar. 4 Select the Define Additional Properties check box to define the External User information after the user is created. Do not select Create Another at this time. You can create other users later. 5 Fill in the First Name field (Optional). Enter the Internet user's first name. 6 Fill in the Last Name field (Optional). Enter the Internet user's last name. This name appears only in the GroupWise Address Book. 7 Fill in the remaining fields: Title, Department, Phone, Fax (All Optional).

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8 Click the Aliases page > Add. 9 Fill in the Alias Type field. Select the correct Internet Agent alias. 10 Fill in the Alias field. Enter the Internet user's fully-qualified Internet address. For example, [email protected]. 11 Click OK twice to finish creating the user. To send a message across the Internet to a user who was added to the Internet Agent, a GroupWise user can use the Address Book or enter the following syntax on the To: line of the GroupWise Message view: user

For example, if Bob sends a message to Maria the syntax is simply: maria

Creating a Customized Addressing Rule

A customized addressing rule allows you to establish a prescribed syntax for users to send messages across the Internet. The following tasks are part of setting up a customized addressing rule for the GroupWise Internet Agent. ! “Addressing Rule Concepts” on page 122 ! “Creating an Addressing Rule” on page 123 ! “Enabling and Disabling Addressing Rules” on page 125 ! “Changing the Addressing Rule Order” on page 125

Addressing Rule Concepts

Before the release of GroupWise 5, SMTP/MIME Gateway administrators simplified user Internet addressing by creating a foreign domain to send messages by creating an external or foreign domain/post office/user structure, or by merging GroupWise domain databases. GroupWise 5.x lets you create a custom addressing rule for the GroupWise Internet Agent that may help you avoid these processes and still allow your users to select an external address from their personal address book or enter a shortened form of an address that is then resolved to an explicit Internet address. Addressing rules are created with the Addressing Rules tool, available from the GroupWise System Operations option in NetWare Administrator.

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Addressing rules created there are available for any domain in the GroupWise system. The following facts may help you as you use the tool: ! The addressing rule tool is not a macro language: you cannot use one rule to trigger another. It is more of a "search and replace" engine. ! The tool searches for a specific string pattern and replaces it with the syntax defined in the rule. ! An unlimited number of addressing rules can be created or selected for a given domain. The addressing tool looks at the rules in the order they are listed. When the tool encounters a rule that applies to the address syntax entered by the user, no other rule is applied. Therefore the rules should be listed in order from general to specific with specific rules at the bottom of the list.

Creating an Addressing Rule

GroupWise 5.x uses [email protected]_office syntax internally. It is important the addressing rule you create includes an Internet identifier such as .com or .edu. If you decide to use customized addressing, you may need to include Internet domain identifiers for all the Internet addresses you will use. For example, if you want to send to [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected], you should create a rule for each domain (.com, .edu, and .net). Since creating a rule for every Internet domain you want to send mail to may be too time-consuming, you may prefer to use a foreign domain structure instead. To create an addressing rule: 1 In the NetWare Administrator window, click Tools > GroupWise System Operations > double-click Customize Addressing. 2 Click New to create a new rule or Copy to use an existing rule as a template for a new rule. 3 Fill in the Name field. Do not use any invalid characters. The name should be descriptive, such as Internet Addressing Rule. 4 Fill in the Description field. Enter a short description (fewer than 16 characters).

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5 Fill in the Search String field. Enter a string of characters (including any wildcards for variable elements) that represents the addressing syntax you expect for an Internet message. The syntax must have at least one unique character that will identify it for your rule as an Internet address. The rule can then plug in the required, missing elements of the explicit address. A good search string to use for Internet addressing is *@*.com. As GroupWise Administrator, you can prescribe the addressing syntax that your users will implement when they send messages through the Internet Agent server. 6 Fill in the Replace With field. Enter the symbol for the variable string (information typed in by the user) that you want to replace for the wildcard characters. In addition to the variable symbol, you can also add any additional static elements required in the explicit address. A good replacement string is smtp:"%1%2.com.". When the message is sent, the rule refers to the wildcards in search string order. That is, %1 (replace string 1) replaces the first wildcard in the search string, %2 replaces the second wildcard, and so on. The replacement variables do not have to be positioned in numerical order in the replacement string; instead, they must be placed in the string according to the order required for the explicit address. For example, a user in your system sends a sales order to her co-worker, Maria, who is an Internet user. Maria's Internet address is [email protected]. Address syntax (entered by user): [email protected] Search string: *@*.com Replacement string: smtp"%1@%2.com Results (explicit address): smtp"[email protected]" 7 Type an address in the Test Rule field just as you would expect a GroupWise user to type an address in the GroupWise client. 8 Click Test to determine if your search and replace strings result in an accurately resolved explicit address.

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Enabling and Disabling Addressing Rules

Previously-created addressing rules can be enabled in any domain in your GroupWise system. When a rule applies, the process ends and no more rules are processed. To enable/disable addressing rules: 1 Right-click a domain > click Details > Addressing Rules. 2 Click the check box to enable the addressing rule you want in this domain. 3 To ensure the rule is set up correctly, click Test. 4 From the Run Addressing Rules dialog box, enter an address as if you were a user sending a message. The Results field displays the resolved address that would be sent to the Internet. If the rule you selected is not being applied, check the other rules that precede it in the rules list. Address strings are evaluated against the rules in the order the rules are listed.

Changing the Addressing Rule Order

Addressing rules are applied in the order they are encountered. If a rule is applied to an address string, the search for a rule ends. To change the order of addressing rules: 1 Click a rule > click the up-arrow icon to move it up in the list. or Click a rule > click the down-arrow icon to move it down in the list.

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10 Monitoring Operations

You can monitor the operation of the GroupWise® Internet Agent by using several different diagnostic tools. Each provides important and helpful information about the status of the Internet Agent and how it is currently functioning. Choose from the titles listed below to learn more about how to monitor the operations of the Internet Agent. ! “Using the Operation Screen” on page 127 ! “Using the Web Console” on page 131 ! “Using the Logging Feature” on page 131 ! “Using the Accounting Feature” on page 134 ! “Setting Up Administrator Roles” on page 135 ! “Using an SNMP-Compliant Network Manager (NLM Version Only)” on page 137

Using the Operation Screen

The Internet Agent operation screen is divided into the following sections: ! “Description” on page 128 ! “Status” on page 128 ! “Statistics” on page 129 ! “Logging” on page 129 ! “Menu Functions” on page 130

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Description

The description portion of the operation screen provides the following information. Domain.Gateway: This field displays the domain and Internet Agent names. Up Time: This field displays the total length of time the Internet Agent has been running. If the Internet Agent terminates unexpectedly (such as in a power outage), the Up Time display will not reset to 0. It will show the total time elapsed since the Internet Agent was last loaded after a proper termination. Description: This field displays the description you added when you configured the Internet Agent using NetWare® Administrator.

Status

The Status portion of the operation screen provides the following information: Processing: This field displays a rotating bar if the Internet Agent is running. If there is no bar, or if the bar is stationary for more than one minute, the Internet Agent is not running. GroupWise: This field displays whether the Internet Agent’s network connection is OPEN or CLOSED. This network connection is the Internet Agent’s only link to GroupWise. The status indicates whether or not the Internet Agent can write to the WPCSIN directory and access the WPCSOUT directory. The Internet Agent does a scan each cycle to see if these directories exist. If the status is CLOSED, the Internet Agent will attempt to reattach to the network. It is normal for this field to display the word CLOSED for a minute or so after you start the Internet Agent. However, if the connection remains CLOSED, look for the WPCSIN and WPCSOUT directories. If they are not created yet, start the Message Transfer Agent. Other Link: This field displays the status of the Internet Agent’s other link connection, meaning to a foreign system or to a mainframe. For the GroupWise Internet Agent server, this field is meaningless (the other link would be the Internet), so this field is programmed to always say OPEN. Program: This field displays the processing cycle. Use the NetWare Administrator Gateway Time Settings page to adjust the processing cycle.

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Log Level: This field displays the logging level the Internet Agent is currently using. The logging level determines how much data is displayed on the message portion of this screen and written to the log file. Use the Log Level menu option to override the default setting for the current session.

Statistics

The Statistics portion of the operation screen displays the amount of incoming and outgoing traffic. The two columns display the cumulative totals and the snap shot totals. You set the time interval of the ten minute column using NetWare Administrator. You can use the snap shot interval to get a more accurate picture of the amount of traffic. For more information, see “Increasing Polling Time” on page 95. Normal: This field displays the number of incoming and outgoing messages the Internet Agent has processed. Status: This field displays the number of status messages the Internet Agent has sent. The amount of status message traffic depends on the Outbound Status level. If the Outbound Status level is set to Full, more status messages are generated. If the Outbound Status level is set to Undelivered, fewer status messages are generated. Passthrough: This field displays the number of incoming and outgoing passthrough messages the Internet Agent has processed. Conv Errors: This field displays the number of conversion errors for incoming and outgoing messages. Comm Errors: This field is not used by the Internet Agent. Total Bytes: This field displays the total number of bytes of incoming and outgoing messages the Internet Agent has processed.

Logging

The Logging portion of the operation screen displays Internet Agent activity. The amount and detail of these messages depend on the logging level you select. See “Using the Logging Feature” on page 131 for more information.

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Menu Functions

The menu functions on the operation screen provide you with the following options. Exit: Choose this option to terminate the Internet Agent and return to the system prompt. Info: Choose this option to display the Internet Agent configuration information in the Message portion of the operation screen and in the log file. Browse Log File: Choose this option to browse through the log file. Cancel Browse: Choose this option to exit browse mode and to return to the operation screen. Search: Choose this option to search for a text string within the log file. Up-arrow, Down-arrow: Choose the arrow options to scroll one line at a time. PgUp, PgDn: Press these keys to scroll one screen at a time. H, H, Up-Arrow: Press Home, Home, and the Up-arrow to move to the top of the log file. H, H, Down-Arrow: Press Home, Home, and the Down-arrow to move to the bottom of the log file. Options: Choose this option to display the options menu. Exit: Options Choose this option to return to the operation screen. Log Level: Choose this option to toggle between log levels. This option overrides the default log level set in the Log Settings page in NetWare Administrator or the /loglevel switch in the startup file for the current session. Colors: Choose this option to scroll through the several color options. This option is useful if the Internet Agent station has a monochrome monitor. You can also use this option to help you quickly identify an Internet Agent if more than one is running. Zero Stats: Choose this option to reset the values in the Statistics portion of the screen. F-9 Stats: Choose this option to display the SMTP Statistics screen.

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Using the Web Console

If you install the Internet Agent provided in the GroupWise 5.5 Enhancement Pack, you can monitor the Internet Agent from your Web browser as well as from the operation screen. For details about this new feature, see the Enhancement Pack Internet Agent Quick Start on the GroupWise 5.5.Enhancement Pack page (http://www.novell.com/documentation/lg/ gw55ep/docui/index.html).

Using the Logging Feature

One of the monitoring and diagnostic tools provided by the Internet Agent is its ability to log all tasks it performs. This information is displayed on the operation screen and in the log files. The Internet Agent log files are found in the WPGATE\gwia\xxx.PRC directory. The log files are named after the day, month, and log number for that date (ddmmLOG.nn).You can control the following aspects of Internet Agent logging: ! “Enabling Logging and Setting Logging Levels” on page 131 ! “Defining Maximum Age for Log Files” on page 133 ! “Defining Maximum Log Files Kept” on page 133 ! “Defining Log File Destination” on page 133 ! “Viewing the Log File” on page 134

Enabling Logging and Setting Logging Levels The Internet Agent’s logging level determines how much information is displayed on the operation screen and written to the log file. You can enable Internet Agent logging when selecting any logging level but Off. The logging levels are: ! Off - Disables the logging function. ! Normal - Displays warnings and error messages. This is the preferred logging level. ! Verbose - Displays information about traffic, including non-delivery reports, in addition to warnings and error messages.

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! Diag - Displays detailed function calls made by the Internet Agent.This level is not useful for most troubleshooting. Verbose is better for standard troubleshooting. You can set the logging level in three ways: ! “With the NetWare Administrator Utility” on page 132 ! “At the Operation Screen” on page 132 ! “With a Startup Switch” on page 133

With the NetWare Administrator Utility You can adjust the default gateway logging level in NetWare Administrator. This option sets the default logging level. However, this default can be overridden by the /loglevel switch and the Gateway operation screen Log Level option. You should use this option to set the logging level that you want to use most often. To set the logging level: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, double-click the GroupWise Internet Agent object > click the Log Level page. 2 From the drop-down box in the Logging Level field, select the Logging Level you want to enable.

At the Operation Screen Use this option to make an immediate change to the log level. The setting you use applies only to the current session. When you restart the Internet Agent, the log level returns to the default level set using NetWare Administrator or the level specified by the /loglevel startup switch. You should use this option if the current log level is not providing you with the type of information you need to solve an immediate problem. You can also use this option to help you decide which log level you want to use as the default by actually seeing the type of information each level records. To set the logging level: 1 From the operation screen, press F10 > F2. 2 Select a logging level.

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With a Startup Switch You can set the gateway logging level by including the /loglevel switch on the command line or in the startup file (preferred). The startup file is called GWIA.CFG and already has switch examples in it that have been commented out. This setting overrides the Log Level option set in NetWare Administrator. Changes made to the /loglevel switch are applied only by restarting the gateway.

Defining Maximum Age for Log Files

The maximum log file age option lets you select the number of days you want the gateway to retain a log file before deleting it. For example, the default (7 days) causes the 1201LOG.001 to be deleted on 12/9 (December 9). You can set the log file age at the Log Settings properties page in NetWare Administrator, or with the /logdays startup switch at the command line or in the GWIA.CFG startup file.

Defining Maximum Log Files Kept The maximum log file size option controls the maximum amount of disk space used for all log files. When the limit is reached, the Internet Agent begins to overwrite the existing log files, starting with the oldest one. You can set the log file age at the Log Settings properties page in NetWare Administrator or with the /logmax startup switch at the command line or in a startup file.

Defining Log File Destination

By default, the gateway’s log files are kept in its xxx.PRC directory and are named mmddLOG.xx according to the date or number of times you start the gateway. If you want to redirect the log file to a different location for archiving purposes or to save the system resources of the GroupWise file server, you can redirect it by including the /log switch in the command line when you start the gateway, or in the startup file (preferred). There is no equivalent setting for the log file destination either in the Log Settings properties page of NetWare Administrator or in the operation screen.

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Viewing the Log File

The Internet Agent log files contain operational data useful for tracking gateway activity and for troubleshooting. You may want to use log files on a regular basis. You can view the current log file that is for the session in progress, or an archived log file. Current log files are viewable only in the operation screen, while a saved log file can only be viewed in an ASCII text editor.

Current Log File To view the current log file, the Internet Agent must be installed and running. The log file is displayed in the Logging window of the screen, with only the most current operations visible. The log file is complete, and includes the gateway startup and configuration information and ongoing operations logged by time including the shutdown operation. You can browse the file from top to bottom or perform a search for any text string you want.

Archived Log File The Internet Agent creates a new log file every day at midnight or every time you restart the program. Older log files are not deleted for at least one day unless you have not allowed sufficient disk space for them to be archived. Log files are named according to the date they were created. If the Internet Agent was restarted during the day, the file extension will indicate which gateway session is logged (for example 0317LOG.003 indicates the gateway session logged for March 17). Archived log files are saved in ASCII. You can use any text editor to open a file or to print it.

Using the Accounting Feature

The GroupWise Internet Agent can supply accounting information for all messages, including information such as the message’s source, priority, size, and destination. The accounting file is an ASCII-delimited text file that records the source, priority, message type, destination, and other information about each message sent through the gateway. The file, which is updated daily at midnight, is called ACCT and is located in the xxx.PRC directory. If no accountant is specified for the gateway in NetWare Administrator, the file is deleted and recreated each day. Follow the steps below to set up the Accounting File capability in the GroupWise Internet Agent.

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! “Selecting an Accountant” on page 135 ! “Enabling Accounting” on page 135

Selecting an Accountant

You can select one or more GroupWise users to be accountants. Every day at midnight, each accountant receives an accounting file (ACCT) that contains information about the messages the gateway sent that day. To select an accountant: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, double-click the domain where the Internet Agent is located. 2 Right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 3 Click Gateway Administrators > Add. 4 Click the GroupWise user you want to be the Accountant > click OK 5 Click Accountant.

Enabling Accounting Now that you have assigned someone to be the accountant, you can enable Accounting. To enable Accounting: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, double-click the domain where the Internet Agent is located. 2 Right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details. 3 Click Optional Settings. 4 Set Accounting to Yes. 5 Set Correlation Enabled to Yes. 6 Click OK.

Setting Up Administrator Roles

An administrator is a GroupWise user who may perform administrative tasks in the Internet Agent or who can receive information from the Internet Agent. The administrator may receive error messages and diagnostic files from the

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Internet Agent. An administrator does not have to be the system administrator or have any special network rights. The GroupWise Internet Agent supports four administrator roles: operator, accountant, postmaster, and foreign operator. The Internet requires one user to be set up as the postmaster. The postmaster receives any message addressed to the postmaster from the Internet. Accountant: The accountant administrator role receives the daily accounting file if the accounting feature has been enabled. The Internet Agent keeps accounting records for every message it sends and receives. Each day, the record is sent to each user assigned as the accountant. Make sure the Accounting feature is enabled. You can assign more than one user to the accountant level. Each accountant receives a daily copy of the accounting record. Operator: The Internet Agent will allow only users who have been designated as operators to shut down the gateway with a mail message. Postmaster: SMTP requires that one user be assigned as postmaster to be a contact person for that organization. The postmaster receives messages addressed to postmasterhost. If the /badmsg switch is set using the send or both option, problem messages will also be sent to the postmaster. Foreign Operator: A foreign operator can receive help request responses intended for the foreign operator, if they have been created. This is the only function of the foreign operator type of administrator. To set up Internet Agent Adminstrator roles: 1 In the NetWare Administrator browser, double-click the Internet Agent object > click the Administrators page. 2 Click Add. 3 Double-click the GroupWise user you want from the list (you may need to browse to find the right user) > click the Administrator Roles you want to assign to the user. 4 Click OK.

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Using an SNMP-Compliant Network Manager (NLM Version Only)

The NLMTM version of the Internet Agent is SNMP-compliant. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) enables an application to be managed through any SNMP-compliant Network Manager, like Novell® ManageWise®.

The MIB File

Before you can manage the Internet Agent with your Network Manager, you must compile the Internet Agent Management Information Base (MIB). The MIB is installed in the same directory as the GWIA.NLM (in the GWIA directory by default). The MIB contains a list of all the variables passed from an application to the Network Manager. These variables are defined as either Traps, Sets, or Gets. To compile the MIB file: 1 Copy the Internet Agent MIB (GWIA.MIB) to the directory where your Network Manager stores MIBs. 2 Compile the MIB file. 3 Create a profile that uses the Internet Agent MIB, then select that profile.

Variables

There are three types of variables. ! Trap variables provide warnings that point to current and potential problems. ! Set variables allow you to configure portions of the application while it is still running. ! Get variables display the current status of different processes of the application.

Trap Variables Trap variables provide warnings that point to current and potential problems. The following Trap variables are passed from the Internet Agent to the Network Manager.

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gwiaTrapTime - Displays the time the trap occurred. This time is calculated in seconds. gwiaTrapDomainName - Displays the name of the domain where the Internet Agent is installed. gwiaStartTrap - Informs you that the Internet Agent has started. gwiaStopTrap - Informs you that the Internet Agent has stopped. gwiaRestartTrap - Informs you that the Internet Agent has been restarted. gwiaGroupWiseLinkTrap - Informs you that the Internet Agent’s link to the GroupWise Message Transfer Agent has been lost. gwiaMovedToProbTrap - Informs you that a problem message has been sent to the \PROBLEM directory. gwiaWpcsoutThreshTrap - Informs you that the processing threshold for outgoing messages has been exceeded. gwiaWpcsinThreshTrap - Informs you that the processing threshold for incoming messages has been exceeded. gwiaGwholdThreshTrap - Informs you that the processing threshold for messages flagged for delayed delivery has been exceeded. gwiaGwprobThreshTrap - Informs you that the processing threshold for problem messages has been exceeded. gwiaInSizeThreshTrap - Informs you that the file size threshold for incoming messages in the \RECEIVE directory has been exceeded. gwiaOutSizeThreshTrap - Informs you that the file size threshold for outgoing messages in the \SEND directory has been exceeded.

Set Variables Set variables let you configure the application while it is running. gwiaQThresholdCheckInterval - Displays the number of minutes that have lapsed between the Internet Agent’s directory scan or directory threshold trap. gwiaQThresholdWpcsout - Displays the number of messages waiting to be processed by the Internet Agent before a directory scan is launched. gwiaQThresholdWpcsin - Displays the number of messages waiting to be processed by the Message Transfer Agent before a directory scan is launched.

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gwiaQThresholdGwhold - Displays the number of messages that have been flagged for delayed delivery and are waiting to be processed by the Internet Agent before a directory scan is launched. gwiaQThresholdGwprob - Displays the number of messages placed in the \PROBLEM directory waiting to be processed by the Internet Agent before a directory scan is launched. gwiaThresholdMsgsSizeIn - Displays the maximum size of an incoming message waiting to be processed by the Internet Agent before a directory scan is launched. gwiaThresholdMsgsSizeOut - Displays the maximum size of an outgoing message waiting to be processed by the Internet Agent before a directory scan is launched. gwiaActionResetStats - Can be used to reset the Internet Agent statistics. gwiaActionRestartGateway - Can be used to restart the Internet Agent.

Get Variables The Get variables display the current status of different application processes. gwiaGatewayName - Displays the Internet Agent name as defined in NetWare Administrator. gwiaTimeUp - Displays the amount of time the Internet Agent has been running. gwiaLinkGroupWise - Displays the current status of the Internet Agent link through the Message Transfer Agent to GroupWise. The status is Up or Down. gwiaLinkFrgn - Displays the current status of the Internet Agent link to the Internet Service Provider. The status us either Up or Down. gwiaStatBytesOut - Displays the size of an outgoing message, in bytes, sent to the Internet Agent. gwiaStatBytesIn - Displays the size of an incoming message, in bytes, when it arrives at the Internet Agent. gwiaStatMsgsOut - Displays the number of messages GroupWise sent to the Internet Agent. gwiaStatMsgsIn - Displays the number of messages the Internet Agent received.

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gwiaStatStatusesOut - Displays the number of status messages sent to the Internet Agent. gwiaStatStatusesIn - Displays the number of status message the Internet Agent received. gwiaStatErrorsOut - Displays the number of messages GroupWise failed to transfer to the Internet Agent. gwiaStatErrorsIn - Displays the number of messages the Internet Agent failed to transfer. gwiaStatTimeReset - Displays the time that has lapsed since the Internet Agent statistics were reset. gwiaQueueWpcsout - Displays the number of messages the Internet Agent has to process. gwiaQueueWPcsin - Displays the number of messages the Message Transfer Agent has to process. gwiaQueueGwhold - Displays the number of messages that have been flagged for processing at a later time. gwiaQueueGwprob - Displays the number of messages that have been placed in the \PROBLEM directory. gwiaStatInterval - Displays the statistics interval used by the Internet Agent. This interval is set in NetWare Administrator. gwiaStatIntervalMsgsOut - Displays the number of messages GroupWise sent to the Internet Agent during the statistics interval. gwiaStatIntervalMsgsIn - Displays the number of messages the Internet Agent received during the statistics interval. gwiaStatIntervalStatusesOut - Displays the number of status messages sent to the Internet Agent during the statistics interval. gwiaStatIntervalStatusesIn - Displays the number of status messages the Internet Agent received during the statistics interval. gwiaStatIntervalErrorsOut - Displays the number of messages sent to the Internet Agent that were not transferred during the statistics interval. gwiaStatIntervalErrorsIn - Displays the number of messages the Internet Agent failed to transfer during the statistics interval.

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11 Understanding Messaging Protocols

This section discusses the message format standards and message transport standards used for Internet messaging. “SMTP, RFC-822, and MIME Concepts” on page 141 “Where To Go for More Information” on page 145

SMTP, RFC-822, and MIME Concepts

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), RFC-822 (Request For Comment- 822), and MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) are standards for sending e-mail messages on the Internet. SMTP is the mail transport protocol used to send both RFC-822 and MIME format messages across the Internet. RFC-822 is a limited and outdated mail format that has been used since the seventies. MIME is a newly emerging extension of RFC-822 that is backward- compatible with RFC-822 and has much greater versatility.

What Is SMTP and RFC-822? Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, or SMTP, was developed as a protocol for transporting text e-mail messages on the Internet. SMTP is composed of 7 bit US ASCII characters. This means that a mail message can contain the 127 characters composing the US ASCII character set. No extended or international characters can be sent. Until MIME was developed, SMTP and RFC-822 were widely used as virtually synonymous terms. With the development of MIME, these terms must be distinguished. SMTP is the mail transport protocol used to send messages across the Internet. RFC-822, not SMTP, is one message data

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format in which those messages are sent. MIME is another message data format. The term SMTP is often used instead of the more correct RFC-822. An RFC-822 e-mail message is composed of two parts. The first is a mail header which includes information such as the source and destination of the mail message. The second part is the content of the mail message. Both portions are ASCII and are separated by a carriage return (CR). To use RFC-822 to mail binary files such as graphics and program executables over the Internet and overcome the US-ASCII limitations of SMTP, encoding programs have been developed which encode a binary file into US-ASCII. When the message reaches its destination, a decoding program may decode the ASCII back into the original binary file. In this way nearly any file can be sent across the Internet. Previous versions of the GroupWise® SMTP/MIME Gateway sent binary files in RFC-822 format by using UUencode to encode binary data into ASCII. If the recipient’s system has the GroupWise Internet Agent, the message is automatically decoded back to its original form. But if the recipient’s e-mail system does not use the GroupWise Internet Agent, it must have a program that can UUdecode the message to get the binary file back intact. Because there are a variety of UUencode/UUdecode versions, decoding can sometimes be a problem. The MIME specification helps avoid such problems.

What Is MIME?

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, or MIME, is an extension of the RFC- 822 format. MIME format messages are also sent across the Internet by way of the SMTP protocol, but the MIME format provides for much greater flexibility than RFC-822. MIME provides a means to interchange text in languages with different character sets. Multimedia e-mail can be sent between different computer systems that use the SMTP protocol. MIME allows you to send and receive e- mail messages containing: ! Images ! Sounds ! UNIX* Tar Files ! PostScript* ! FTP-able File Pointers

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! Non-ASCII Character Sets ! Enriched Text ! Nearly any other file The MIME extensions are described in RFC-1521. MIME is fully backward-compatible with RFC-822. If a MIME message is sent to someone whose system lacks MIME capabilities, the recipient can see the message, even if the message is partially or completely unreadable. In most instances the user would then need a MIME-compliant e-mail program (such as the GroupWise Internet Agent) to read MIME messages. The MIME format includes a mail header identical to the RFC-822 header. Part of that header is a field that tells a MIME-aware mail program that the message is in MIME format. There can be one or more bodies after the header. Each body can have its own sub header that defines the content of the sub body. These bodies may be defined as almost any desired type. There are also seven predefined body types. Multimedia data types such as audio clips, video clips and pictures, along with binary files and any other file type may be encoded and included in the body of the mail message. MIME specifies several encoding schemes to ensure the recipient’s mail program will correctly decode the message. These encoding schemes include Base64 and printed quotable. MIME is largely hidden to users. Once you have installed the GroupWise Internet Agent, inbound Internet messages that are in either RFC-822 or MIME format are automatically processed by the Internet Agent into their original form and delivered to the recipient. Sending mail is the only situation in which the user might need to know the difference between RFC-822 and MIME format. If you set up your Internet Agent program with two foreign domains, one defined to send in MIME format, the other defined to send in RFC-822 format, you can easily choose the best way to send the message. If you know the recipient’s e-mail system has MIME capability, you can send the message through the MIME foreign domain.

MIME Encoding When a message is sent or received in MIME format, attachments are encoded or decoded because the SMTP protocol sends only US-ASCII characters. Binary files cannot be sent using SMTP without being encoded in some manner.

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By default, the Internet Agent can encode numerous file types with various encoding methods. A file type is a particular kind of file. For example, a WordPerfect* 6.1 file, a JPEG graphics file, and an executable are all different types of files. Virtually any program that generates data will save that data to a particular file type. It is important to be able to specify the kind of encoding for a given type of file. When using RFC-822 format, the Internet Agent encodes non-US ASCII attachments with UUencode. This can cause two problems that MIME overcomes. First, if the recipient of the mail message does not have a UUdecode program that uses the same version of UUdecode as does GroupWise, the recipient may be unable to decode the attachments. Second, if an attachment is sent that is not US-ASCII, but is close enough that one could read the message in a text editor, it will also be UUencoded. This kind of message could have been read by the recipient if it had not been UUencoded. MIME overcomes these problems by providing the ability to map various file content types to MIME content types and encode them with MIME- compatible encoding schemes. One MIME-compatible encoding scheme is called quoted printable. A word processing document might be sent with this encoding. If the recipient does not have a MIME-compliant mail program, the recipient can still read most of the document. It may have various control characters and other formatting information scattered through it, but the message will be readable. For example, if a WordPerfect 5.1 document is attached to a mail message and sent through the Internet Agent in MIME format, the recipient will be able to read the message even if the recipient does not have a MIME-compliant mail reader. Remember, however, that not all documents will be readable. Also, if the recipient does have a MIME-compliant mail program, the document will be decoded from quoted printable back into its original form. MIME overcomes the problem of various versions of UUencode by using more standardized encoding methods. The primary encoding method used by MIME is Base64. Attachments that do not have a file type specified will be encoded in Base64. Because MIME-compliant mail programs use Base64 encoding, the attachment will correctly return to its original form.

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Where To Go for More Information

Internet protocols are undergoing constant revision, so you may find that some of the information contained in this guide is outdated. Use your browser to search for up-to-date information on SMTP, RFC-822, MIME, POP3, IMAP4, LDAP, and other Internet-related specifications. Some helpful sources are the IETF home page (http://www.ietf.org/) and the Ohio State University index of protocol and policy definitions (http://www.cis.ohio- state.edu/hypertext/information/rfc.html).

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12 Troubleshooting

The following sections can help you troubleshoot and maintain the GroupWise® Internet Agent. For information about error messages, see Appendix A, “Error Messages,” on page 173. ! “Troubleshooting the Internet Agent” on page 147 ! “Troubleshooting SMTP Services” on page 155 ! “Message Flow Diagrams” on page 160 ! “Troubleshooting Message Flow” on page 164 ! “Directory Structure” on page 166

Troubleshooting the Internet Agent

The following topics will help you troubleshoot the Internet Agent. ! “Log Files” on page 148 ! “Internet Agent Not Sending Messages” on page 148 ! “Internet Agent Not Receiving Messages” on page 149 ! “Internet Agent Locking Up” on page 149 ! “Internet Agent Cannot Access the Domain” on page 151 ! “Internet Agent Doesn’t Send Outgoing Mail” on page 151 ! “Internet Agent Fails to Respond to Configuration Changes Made in NetWare Administrator” on page 151 ! “Administrator Wants to Prevent Certain Types of Messages from Passing through the Internet Agent” on page 151

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! “POP3 Client Users Can't Send Internet Mail through the Internet Agent” on page 152 ! “POP3 Client Users Can't Access the GroupWise Address Book through the LDAP Services of the Internet Agent” on page 153 ! “IMAP4 Client Users Can't Access Mail through the Internet Agent” on page 154 ! “Extended Characters in User Names Prevent Delivery through the Internet Agent” on page 154 ! “Messages Sent Out through the Internet Agent Don't Wrap When Displayed by Recipients” on page 154

Log Files

The log file is a useful tool for diagnosing problems. It is an ASCII file that records Internet Access activity and provides a variety of configuration, message flow, and productivity information. The log file contains the same information that scrolls in the message log portion of the Operation screen. You can adjust the amount of information a log file records using the log settings page in NetWare® Administrator, the log startup switches, or the keystroke menu in the operation screen.

Internet Agent Not Sending Messages If messages are not returned to the user’s Sent Items folder as undelivered, and if the recipients are not receiving the messages, check the following: ! Make sure the Internet Agent is running and is correctly configured in NetWare Administrator. ! Make sure the Message Transfer Agent is running. ! Make sure the Internet Agent can access the GroupWise domain directory. ! Make sure the program is properly configured. Check the startup file to verify that the /dhome switch is pointing to the Internet Agent directory. ! Check the statistics from the operation screen. If any of the fields, such as TCP/IP Read or Write Errors or MX Lookup Errors, have a very significant number, you may want to contact your Internet service provider. See “SMTP Statistics” on page 155 for more information.

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! Check the log file for error messages. You may want to set the log level to Diag and resend problem messages. See Appendix A, “Error Messages,” on page 173 for more information. ! Make sure the RESOLV.CFG file is set up correctly for DNS Integration. See “Setting Up DNS with the RESOLV File” on page 41 for information on the NT version of the Internet Agent and “Setting Up DNS with the RESOLV File” on page 54 for information about the NLMTM version of the Internet Agent.

Internet Agent Not Receiving Messages The following is a list of things to check if the Internet Agent is not receiving messages from the Internet: ! Make sure the Internet Agent directory has sufficient network rights. ! Make sure the Internet Agent can access the GroupWise domain database. ! Make sure the Internet Agent has rights to the domain directory and that the Internet Agent can access all its subdirectories. ! Make sure the program is properly configured. Check the startup file to verify that the /dhome switch is pointing to the Internet Agent directory. ! Check if you can ping the Internet Agent machine from another Internet machine. ! Send a test message from a UNIX* Internet computer using the sendmail -v option. The -v option shows all the SMTP reply codes for the message. For example, use the following syntax: echo test | /usr/lib/sendmail -v user@host

Internet Agent Locking Up

If the Internet Agent locks up or hangs, there are several troubleshooting steps you can follow to resolve the problem. The following is a list of possible reasons the Internet Agent might lock up: ! Bad message file ! Bad configuration file in the xxx.PRC directory ! Bad domain record ! Bad domain user record

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! Software incompatibility ! Hardware failure If the Internet Agent is locking up, you may want to follow some or all these suggestions to isolate and resolve the problem: ! Check the dates of the executables and make sure you are using the most current software and patches. Apply the latest versions for the Internet Agent as well as for the TCP/IP kernel. Make sure you meet the minimum version and system requirements for the operating system. ! Check for bad message files. Move all files currently in any queues in the SEND, RECEIVE, DEFER, RESULT, WPCSIN, WPCSOUT, or xxx.PRC/GWWORK directories and let the Internet Agent run idle without processing any messages. If the Internet Agent can run idle without locking, likely a bad message is causing it to lock. Start copying the files back to the appropriate directory queues starting with the newest file to the oldest. This approach assumes the oldest file caused the lock and allows the Internet Agent to process the messages that got backed up before dealing with the bad file. Delete the bad file when you find it. Because the file is encrypted, there is no way to determine who sent the message. ! Check for a bad configuration file. One of the setup files in the xxx.PRC directory may be damaged and therefore causing problems. Before removing or changing anything, back up your directories. Be sure to back up any files you want in the xxx.PRC directory such as the log and accounting files. Remove all the files in the xxx.PRC and restart the Internet Agent. If you had set a screen color or screen saver, you will have to reset these settings after removing the SET file. ! Remove directories and have the Message Transfer Agent and the Internet Agent re-create new ones. Be sure to back up the whole GWIA directory and all subdirectories before deleting anything. Shut down the Internet Agent and the Message Transfer Agent. Remove the SEND, RECEIVE, DEFER, RESULT, WPCSIN, WPCSOUT, xxx.PRC directories and the GWCORR.DB database. Restart the Message Transfer Agent first to re-create the WPCSIN and WPCSOUT directories, then restart the Internet Agent to re-create the other directories (empty). This approach is often effective for solving locking problem, although it is not very effective for isolating and determining what is causing the problem. ! If the Internet Agent continues to lock after removing and re-creating the directories, you may want to rebuild the domain database for the domain

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where the Internet Agent is installed in case there are database structural problems. If it’s a primary domain database, you’ll have to rebuild the database from itself. If it’s a secondary domain database, you can rebuild it from the primary domain database or rebuild it from itself. ! Run the Internet Agent on a different machine that is already set up and running well (without problems with requestors, network interface cards, etc.). If the Internet Agent runs well with the same configuration on a different machine, then the hardware likely is causing problems.

Internet Agent Cannot Access the Domain The Internet Agent cannot access its input and output queues in the domain. When the domain is located on a remote NetWare server, the Internet Agent must be started with the /user and /password switches so it can log in to the remote server. Make sure these switches have been specified in the Internet Agent .CFG file. Make sure the user has sufficient rights to access the domain\WPGATE\GWIA directory. Make sure the password is correct and current.

Internet Agent Doesn’t Send Outgoing Mail

The Internet Agent seems to receive and process messages, but never sends them. If you are using an external domain to simplify addressing for your users, make sure the external domain type is set to External Foreign, not External GroupWise. In NetWare Administrator, in the GroupWise View, delete external GroupWise domain, then create an external foreign domain.

Internet Agent Fails to Respond to Configuration Changes Made in NetWare Administrator

You change an Internet Agent access control setting in NetWare Administrator, but the Internet Agent does not respond to the change. Exit, then restart the Internet Agent so it rereads its access control database (GWAC.DB).

Administrator Wants to Prevent Certain Types of Messages from Passing through the Internet Agent

Message flow through the Internet Agent is being hindered because large numbers of undesirable types of messages are passing through.

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Size of Messages You want to prevent messages larger than a specified size from coming into the GroupWise system through the Internet Agent. In NetWare Administrator, double-click the domain where the Internet Agent is installed > right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Access Control > double-click Default Class of Service. To restrict the size of incoming messages, click SMTP Incoming > select Allow Incoming Messages > select Prevent Messages Larger than X Kbytes > specify the maximum message size in kilobytes > click OK. To restrict the size of outgoing messages, click SMTP Outgoing > select Allow Outgoing Messages > select Prevent Messages Larger than X Kbytes > specify the maximum message size in kilobytes > click OK. Exit, then restart the Internet Agent.

Number of Messages By default, the Internet Agent downloads only 100 messages at a time. You want to increase or decrease this number. In NetWare Administrator, double-click the domain where the Internet Agent is installed > right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Access Control > double-click Default Class of Service > click POP3 > modify the setting in the Maximum Number of Messages to Download field as needed (valid settings range from 1 to 1000) > click OK. Exit, then restart the Internet Agent.

POP3 Client Users Can't Send Internet Mail through the Internet Agent

Users of POP3 mail clients are unable to send mail through the Internet Agent. Allow Message Relaying has been turned off. Make sure Allow Message Relaying is turned on. In the NetWare Administrator browser window, double-click the domain where the Internet Agent is installed > right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Access Control > SMTP Relay > select Allow Message Relaying > click OK. Exit, then restart the Internet Agent.

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POP3 Client Users Can't Access the GroupWise Address Book through the LDAP Services of the Internet Agent

POP3 client users cannot look up addresses using the LDAP directory services created in their browser. ! If you are using Netscape Communicator*, the Search Root setting does not match the Internet Agent LDAP Context setting. First, check the Search Root setting. In Netscape Communicator, click Edit > Preferences > Mail & Groups > Directory > GroupWise Address Book > Edit. Check the setting in the Search Root field. Note the current setting; it can be anything. Then, check the Internet Agent LDAP Context setting. In the NetWare Administrator browser window, double-click the domain where the Internet Agent is installed > right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Advanced Settings. Make sure the setting in the LDAP Context field matches the setting in the Netscape Communicator Search Root field. ! If you are using Internet Explorer, the Search Base setting does not match the Internet Agent LDAP Context setting. First, check the Search Base setting. In Internet Explorer, click File > New Message > Mail > Choose Recipients > Find > right-click in Search window > click Directory Services from the pop-up list > click GroupWise Address Book > Properties > Advanced. Check the setting in the Search Base for this Directory Service field. It can be anything; it defaults to c=US. Then, check the Internet Agent LDAP Context setting. In the NetWare Administrator browser window, double-click the domain where the Internet Agent is installed > right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Advanced Settings. Make sure the setting in the LDAP Context field matches the setting in the Internet Explorer Search Base field. ! The Internet Agent does not have access to a post office to retrieve information from the GroupWise Address Book by accessing a post office database (WPHOST.DB). In the NetWare Administrator browser window, double-click the domain where the Internet Agent is installed > right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > Access Control > LDAP Public > make sure a valid post office has been specified. Make sure the post office access mode includes direct access. Make sure that message file processing has not been turned off. See "Role of the Post Office Agent" in "Message Delivery and Storage in the Post Office" in the Agent Setup guide.

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IMAP4 Client Users Can't Access Mail through the Internet Agent

Users are unable to access GroupWise mail using IMAP4 from a browser because they are unable to log in. The user has Server Supports Encrypted Connections (SSL) turned on. In the user’s browser, check the setting for Server Supports Encrypted Connections (SSL). This is not currently supported by the Internet Agent. Deselect this option in the user’s browser. For example, in Netscape Communicator, click Edit > Preferences > Mail & Groups > Mail Server > deselect Server Supports Encrypted Connections (SSL) in the Mail Server Type box.

Extended Characters in User Names Prevent Delivery through the Internet Agent

Messages arriving from the Internet through the Internet Agent addressed to recipients who have extended characters in their user names are undeliverable. User names are part of message header files. According to RFC822 and RFC1521 standards, text in header fields must be composed of printable ASCII characters. As a workaround, create a nickname or alias for affected users without the extended characters. See "Controlling Object Visibility in the Address Book" in "Addressing" in the Maintenance guide or “Adding Internet Users to the Address Book” on page 121.

Messages Sent Out through the Internet Agent Don't Wrap When Displayed by Recipients

Recipients of GroupWise messages sent across the Internet through the Internet Agent complain that the messages do not wrap correctly when viewed in their e-mail client software. Enable line wrapping in the recipient's e-mail software. Create an external foreign domain and link it to the Internet Agent. See Contents > Agents > GroupWise Internet Agent > Optimizing Addressing > Creating a Foreign Domain Structure. When creating the gateway link, specify -rfc822 in the Gateway Access String field. To specify how you want lines to wrap when displayed by the recipient, double-click the domain where the Internet Agent is installed > right-click the Internet Agent object > click Details > SMTP/MIME Settings > Message Formatting > specify a setting for Line Wrap Length for Message Text on

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Outbound Mail > click OK. You can also specify the line wrap setting using the /wrap switch in the Internet Agent startup file (GWIA.CFG). The line wrap setting affects only RFC822-formatted messages, not MIME messages.

Troubleshooting SMTP Services

The following sections can help you troubleshoot problems with the Internet Agent’s SMTP services: ! “SMTP Statistics” on page 155 ! “Mail Exchange Record” on page 157 ! “RESOLV.CFG File” on page 157 ! “450 MX Record Lookup Failure” on page 157 ! “Rules and Looping” on page 158 ! “Troubleshooting the MTA” on page 159

SMTP Statistics

The Statistics screen, which is accessed from the operation screen, lists numbers of error and informational messages. Most of these messages are informational only. The Statistics screen corresponds to the SMTP Reply messages described in Sendmail Errors and SMTP Replies. The number of 550 Host Unknown errors, for example, is listed here in the Unknown Host field. Messages Sent/Messages Received: These fields display the number of messages the Internet Agent has sent and received. Send Threads/Receive Threads: These fields display the number of currently active send and receive threads the Internet Agent is using to process outgoing and incoming messages. If the number of send or receive threads currently in use is consistently close to the total number allocated, you may want to increase the total number of send or receive threads. Send Thr Avail/Receive Thr Avail: These fields display the number of available send and receive threads of the total number allocated. MX Lookup Errs: This field displays the number of times the Internet Agent queries the Domain Name Server (DNS) for the address of the destination host and receives a SERVER FAIL code message back from the DNS. These

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messages will be deferred and automatically re-queued according to the retry schedule. Unless the number of MX Lookup Errors is very significant, do not be concerned by the number of these messages. If the number of messages is very significant, you may want to check the DNS to make sure the tables are not corrupted. If you’re using a remote DNS, you may consider setting up a local DNS server. It could also mean that your file server TCP/IP is not correctly configured. Unknown Hosts: This field displays the number of times the Internet Agent attempted to do a lookup on a destination host and the host name did not exist in either the DNS records or in the host table. The Internet Agent sends back a non-deliverable message to the sender for each Unknown Host message. TCP/IP Read Errs/ TCP/IP Write Errs: These fields display the number of TCP/IP read or write errors indicating some communication problem occurred. This is a temporary error. These messages will be deferred and automatically re-queued according to the retry schedule. Unless the number of TCP/IP read or write errors is very significant, do not be concerned by the number of these messages. If the number of messages is very significant, you may want to contact your Internet service provider to check for anything that could hinder communication, such as network problems or line noise. You may also want to adjust the timeout switches, particularly the /te and /tr switches. Hosts Down: This field displays the number of times the Internet Agent tried to open a connection with the destination host and received a connection refused status. This is a temporary error. These messages will be deferred and automatically re-queued according to the Retry Schedule. The statistics count the number of times a code or SMTP reply, such as Host Down, comes back to the Internet Agent. It does not keep track of the mail messages causing these replies. If, for example, a message is deferred and re- queued for 4 days during the Retry Schedule, each attempt the program makes to send the message results in another SMTP reply or error code. Retry Schedule: If an Internet host is down or the connection is not made on the Internet, the Internet Agent defers the message and re-queues it according to the retry schedule. The Internet Agent program places the message in the \WPGATE\GWIA\DEFER directory for 20 minutes. Then it transfers the file to the \SEND directory for another attempt at sending to the Internet. The Internet Agent makes this attempt three times in one hour and then every four

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hours for four days. After the four days, if the Internet host remains down, an undeliverable status is sent back to the sender.

Mail Exchange Record

The Internet Agent is MX (Mail Exchanger) record-aware, which means that the program requests the MX records from the destination host. The Domain Name Server performs a lookup and returns any MX records for the specified host. 1. If MX records are found, the program attempts to send to the host with the lowest MX preference. 2. The Domain Name Server provides the Internet address for the lowest MX preference. 3. The program then attempts to connect to the destination host. 4. If the connection fails, then the program sends to the next lowest MX preference until the message is sent. 5. If the program cannot send the message, the message is deferred. See RFC #1034 for more on the Domain Name Server and creating MX records.

RESOLV.CFG File

The RESOLV.CFG file must be set up correctly with the IP addresses for the DNS server(s). If it does not contain the correct information, you will have a significant number of 450 MX Lookup Errors. For the NLM version only: some versions of PING.NLM don’t use DNS and the RESOLV.CFG file, so PING may not be a valid test of TCP/IP connections.

450 MX Record Lookup Failure The 450 MX record lookup failure indicates that the Internet Agent has requested a lookup from the Domain Name Server and did not get a response back. Check the RESOLV.CFG file for correct configuration. The RESOLV.CFG file should be in the following format:

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domain your_domain_name nameserver ip_address nameserver ip_address nameserver ip_address

The domain name is first, followed by up to three name server IP addresses. The following is a sample RESOLV.CFG file:

domain sgunix.org nameserver 151.155.111.11

Additional troubleshooting steps include: ! Make sure the RESOLV.CFG file is in the correct format. ! Ping the nameserver IP address to see if it is reachable from the gateway station. ! Ping the LAN segment router IP address. ! Make sure the named Internet Agent program is running on the name server machine. Possible reasons for 450 MX lookup failure errors include: ! TCP/IP is configured incorrectly. ! The IP address to your DNS has changed. Update the RESOLV.CFG file. ! IP filtering has been added to the routers so the Internet Agent cannot see the DNS machine. ! There is a problem with your network interface card. ! There is a problem with your network cabling. ! The DNS machine is down. ! Outbound ports are disabled. TCP/IP can use port 1024 through 2099 or some other range of outbound ports for sending. Check with your Internet service provider for the outbound ports it uses.

Rules and Looping An infinite message loop can occur when a user has turned on a rule automatically replying to messages. If a message is then sent to another user who has an automatic reply rule, or to a list server, an infinite loop can occur. GroupWise has built in counters to prevent most infinite loops, primarily those occurring within the GroupWise system.

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The infinite loop protection built into GroupWise may not work for some messages going through the gateway to Internet listservers. The following safeguards have been implemented by the GroupWise Internet Agent to prevent the looping of messages that go through the gateway: ! Messages generated by a rule now have the From address changed to POSTMASTER@foreign_name. ! A Reply To: field has been added with the real user address so most mailers will reply to the user, while listservers which reply to the From address will reply to the postmaster instead. ! An Errors To: field has been added with the POSTMASTER foreign name address. With this field, undeliverable messages won’t be sent to a mailbox with a rule associated with it. ! If a message is sent to a user that is defined on a foreign domain or gateway, the Reply To: field will contain the postmaster’s actual resolved address. This allows the postmaster message to get to a postmaster who might not be on the GroupWise system.

Troubleshooting the MTA

The Message Transfer Agent distributes messages between post offices, gateways, and domains. A Message Transfer Agent is required in each domain. If the Message Transfer Agent is offline, outgoing messages are queued in the Message Transfer Agent directories. When the Message Transfer Agent is brought online, all queued messages are routed. Check the following if you are having problems with the Message Transfer Agent. ! Make sure the Message Transfer Agent is running. ! Make sure the Message Transfer Agent is correctly configured in NetWare Administrator. ! Check if messages are being distributed through the Message Transfer Agent. ! Check the Message Transfer Agent operation screen or the Message Transfer Agent log files. Both of these sources provide a detailed record of Message Transfer Agent operations. Next, check the Status portion of the screen to find out whether the domain, post office, or gateway is closed. ! Make sure you can send messages between post offices.

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Message Flow Diagrams

Message flow diagrams can help you understand how information travels through a GroupWise system. When trying to solve any problems that may arise with the Internet Agent, it is important that you understand the interaction between the Internet Agent program, the Message Transfer Agent program, and the directories used to route and hold messages. The stages in the first diagram show the sequence of message flow as a message goes from GroupWise across the Internet to the destination host. The second diagram shows the sequence of message flow as a message is sent across the Internet to a GroupWise user.

GroupWise to the Internet Message Flow

The diagram below shows the flow of outbound messages through the GroupWise directory structure to the Internet.

a 1

a WPGATE 2 GWIA a WPCSOUT GWID 0-7 OFFILES 4 Internet Destination FD0-7F SEND 5 3 6 Host OFMSG RESULT msg0-24.db WPCSIN 7 OFUSER 0-7 userxxx.db WPCSIN MTA GWIA 0-7 WPCSOUT OFS 0-7 POA

Stage 1: Sender The user enters information for the message, including the recipient’s Internet address, and sends it. In this diagram, the delivery mode in the local post office is Use App Thresholds and the threshold is not exceeded.

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Stage 2: Sender’s GroupWise Client The GroupWise client performs the following actions for the sender: ! Adds the message to the message database (MSG0-24.DB file) assigned to the sender. ! Creates a pointer in the sender’s user database (USERxxx.DB file) so the message appears in the sender’s Out Box. ! Places attachments larger than 2 KB in the post_office\OFFILES\FD0-7f subdirectory assigned to the sender and creates pointers from the message to its attachments. ! Creates a copy of the message in the appropriate priority 0-7 subdirectory of the sender’s MTA input queue. If a different delivery mode were in effect in the post office, some or all of these actions would be performed by the POA instead of the GroupWise client.

Stage 3: MTA in Sender’s Domain The MTA in the sender’s domain polls its input queue as specified by Scan Cycle in Agent Settings in NetWare Administrator. When it detects a new message, the MTA recognizes that it must be sent through a gateway and places the message in its output queue in the program’s directory structure: domain\WPGATE\gwia\WPCSOUT\id\0-7.

Stage 4: Internet Agent in Sender’s Domain The program picks up the file in binary-encrypted format from the WPCSOUT\id\0-7 directory and converts it. It UUencodes any attachments unless the program is set with the /mime switch to use MIME specifications or unless the sender specified the MIME foreign domain. If MIME is specified, the program encodes the message attachments with the appropriate encoding scheme, as specified in the MIMETYPE.CFG file. When the message file is built, the program saves it with S as the first character of the filename and places the file in the WPGATE\gwia\SEND directory.

Stage 5: Internet Agent in Sender’s Domain The program processes the message in the domain\WPGATE\gwia\SEND directory and sends the message to the destination host across the Internet.

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Stage 6: Internet Agent in Sender’s Domain The program creates a file, r*.*, that records the SMTP reply codes (error messages or transmission confirmation) in the WPGATE\gwia\RESULT directory. After the program completes the transmission with the destination host, it moves the S file from the SEND directory to the RESULT directory. For more information about the S and R files, see “RESULT Directory” on page 170.

Stage 7: Internet Agent in Sender’s Domain The program analyzes the files in the RESULT directory, comparing the SMTP reply codes in the R file. If the program was successful at sending the message (meaning the R file had the 250 OK SMTP reply code), then the two files are deleted. The program sends a Transferred status message to the sender’s Sent Items folder. If the R file has a temporary transmission error (meaning it has a 400-level SMTP reply code such as 450 Host Down), the program moves the S file to the DEFER directory and re-queues the message to the SEND directory according to the Retry Schedule. At the end of the Retry Schedule, if the program is still unsuccessful at transmitting the message, the program moves the S file to the GWPROB directory and deletes all the schedule files in the DEFER\WORK directory. The program sends an Undeliverable status message to the sender’s Mailbox and Sent Items folder. If the R file has a fatal rather than a temporary error (meaning it has a 500- level SMTP reply code such as 550 Host Unknown), the program sends an Undeliverable status message immediately to the sender’s Mailbox and Sent Items folder. The program deletes the R file and moves the S file to the GWPROB directory. Only the post_office/OFMSG/MSGxx.DB (not the post_office/OFUSER/ USERxxx.DB) is updated when the program sends a status message for the user’s Sent Items folder.

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Internet to GroupWise Message Flow

The diagram below shows the flow of inbound messages from the Internet through the GroupWise directory structure to the GroupWise recipient.

a

WPGATE Internet GWIA Internet 1 a User RECEIVE 2 WPCSIN 0-7 OFFILES FD0-7F OFMSG GWIA 3 msg0-24.db MTA OFUSER userxxx.db WPCSIN 0-7 WPCSOUT OFS 4 0-7

POA

Stage 1: Internet Agent in Recipient’s Domain

A message is sent from an Internet user to a GroupWise user and the program places the message in the WPGATE\gwia\RECEIVE directory.

Stage 2: Internet Agent in Recipient’s Domain

The program polls the RECEIVE directory, converts the message to GroupWise format and places it in the WPGATE\gwia\WPCSIN\0-7 directory, where 0-7 is one of the priority directories from 0-7. The program puts messages only in the 4 directory.

Stage 3: MTA in Recipient’s Domain

The Message Transfer Agent polls the domain\WPGATE\gwia\WPCSIN\FD0-7f directory and moves the file to the post_office\WPCSOUT\OFS\0-7 directory.

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Stage 4: POA in Recipient’s Post Office

The POA polls its input queue regularly. When it detects a new message, the POA in the recipient’s post office performs the following actions: ! Adds the message to the message database (MSG0-24.DB file) corresponding to the one assigned to the sender. ! Creates a pointer in the recipient’s user database (USERxxx.DB file), so the message appears in the recipient’s Mailbox and updates the notification information in the user database so the recipient can be notified of the message. ! Places attachments larger than 2 KB in the post_office\OFFILES\FD0-7f subdirectory corresponding to the one assigned to the sender and creates pointers from the message to its attachments. (For database efficiency, messages and recipient lists larger than 2 KB are also handled as attachments.)

Troubleshooting Message Flow

The most useful procedure to find the source of a problem when a message is not being sent through the gateway is to break the GroupWise send process into steps and verify that the message arrives at each destination before the next piece receives and delivers it. If a message has Pending status in the sender’s Sent Items folder, the message is somewhere in the GroupWise system. A message has Pending status in the sender’s Sent Items folder until it is converted and queued to the SMTP service. The message has Transferred status after the gateway queues the message to the SMTP service. If the program is unsuccessful in sending the message and gets a temporary error (for example, Host Down), it will attempt to send the message according to the Retry Schedule. During this time, the message has Pending status in the sender’s Sent Items folder. If the program is ultimately unsuccessful in sending the message, the sender receives an undeliverable status. The following steps provide general guidelines for checking the message at each point in the GroupWise system: If a message doesn’t arrive to the Internet user, go through the following steps: 1 Exit the program and the Message Transfer Agent. Send a message from GroupWise, then look in the \DOMAIN\POST OFFICEA\WPCSIN\0-7

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directory for a file where the Client transfers the message. If the file exists, verify the time and date stamp of the file and continue with Step 2. If the file does not exist, the Client did not transfer the file into the \WPCSIN\0-7 directory. Verify the address of the message and send another message to someone else on the Internet. 2 If the file does exist in the \DOMAIN\POST OFFICEA\WPCSIN\0-7 directory, then start the Message Transfer Agent. The Message Transfer Agent polls the \WPCSIN\0-7 directory and places the message in the WPGATE\GWIA\WPCSOUT\smtxxxx\0-7 directory. (smtxxxx is a random directory name generated from information from NetWare Administrator.) If the file exists, continue to Step 3. If the file does not exist in the WPCSOUT\smtxxxx\0-7 directory, then the Message Transfer Agent is not processing the files. Refer to the GroupWise Administrator Help to troubleshoot the MTA. Once the MTA is working correctly, return to Steps 1 and 2. 3 After the file is in the \smtxxxx\0-7 directory, start the gateway. The file should transfer to the \WPGATE\GWIA\SEND directory. If the file exists in the \SEND directory, continue to Step 4. If the file does not exist in the \SEND directory, then the error is written to the log file. Look at the log file in the \WPGATE\GWIA\xxx.PRC directory. Files sent from GroupWise that have been corrupted are transferred to the \WPCSOUT\PROBLEM directory. Change the log level to Diag, then repeat Steps 1 through 3. 4 After the file is delivered to the \SEND directory, exit the program. While Internet Access is delivering a message, it builds a file in the \DOMAIN\WPGATE\GWIA\RESULT directory. As soon as it delivers the entire message, check the \RESULT directory. If the file does not exist in the \RESULT directory, then the program is not working. Check the /dhome and /home switches to ensure they are pointing to the correct directories. If the file does exist in the \RESULT directory, check the TCP configuration or read the file and notice the last part of the message that was sent. You should have a file that contains several lines of comments preceded by 250 (OK reply). 5 If an Internet host is down or the connection is not made on the Internet, start the gateway to place the message in the \WPGATE\GWIA\DEFER directory for 20 minutes. The gateway transfers the file to the \SEND directory for another attempt at sending to the Internet. The gateway defers and re-queues the message according to the Retry Schedule. If an Internet host is down or the connection is not made on the Internet, the Internet Agent defers the message and re-queues it according to the retry

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schedule. The Internet Agent program places the message in the \WPGATE\GWIA\DEFER directory for 20 minutes. Then it transfers the file to the \SEND directory for another attempt at sending to the Internet. The Internet Agent makes this attempt three times in one hour and then every four hours for four days. After the four days, if the Internet host remains down, an undeliverable status is sent back to the sender. 6 If the file in the \RESULT directory does not indicate an error, start the gateway again and see if SMTP sends a message back to the sender’s post office. In the Client Sent Items folder, check the Information screen for the message status. At this point (after following Steps 1 through 5), an undeliverable status indicates an incorrect Internet address. 7 Messages sent from GroupWise with a Delayed Delivery status do not go to the \SEND directory. Instead they reside in the \WPGATE\GWIA\GWHOLD directory until the date the message should be sent. 8 If an Internet user receives an undeliverable message because of an incorrect address to a Groupwise user, a copy of the message from the Internet resides in the \WPGATE\GWIA\GWPROB directory.

Directory Structure

You can use the directory structure information to help you find various files, databases, and directories. This can be critical to resolving problems. The following directories and files are created under the \domain\WPGATE\ structure for the Internet Agent after the software has been installed and has processed messages. As you review the directory structure diagram, you should be aware of the following conventions: ! Directories, such as WPGATE, are uppercase, and filenames, such as gwcorr.db, are lowercase. ! An italicized 0-7 is a placeholder for any one of the priority subdirectories from 0 to 7. ! Other italicized directories, such as HEADQ, represent user-definable names. In other words, the names you choose when configuring your GroupWise system and the GroupWise Internet Agent may be different from the ones shown in this section. ! An italicized xxx stands for a randomly-named element of a directory or file name. This portion of the name is not configurable.

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Internet Agent Directory Structure

GWIA GroupWise Internet Agent directory

GWHOLD Message hold directory

QFILES Delayed delivery hold directory

GWPROB Hold directory for corrupted inbound messages

vWPCSIN MTA input queue directory

0-7 Message hold directories

WPCSOUT MTA output queue

NNNXXX System-defined directory

PROBLEM Corrupt messages hold directory

XXX.PRC Gateway message processing directory

CMD Correlation directory for multiple processes

GWWORK Temporary files hold directory

mmddlog.nnn Log files

acct Accounting file

set Files set screen colors, log levels, etc.

stat Statistics file for gateway operation

proc Gateway locks file to indicate this process is being used

pulse.tmp Temporary file to verify gateway operation

SEND Outbound messages for the Internet hold directory

DEFER Re-queued and deferred messages hold directory

WORK Schedule files for gateway operation

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RECEIVE Incoming hold directory for conversion to GroupWise format

RESULT Send and result files to confirm transmission

access.cfg Access control file

gwcorr.db Gateway correlation database that keeps status information for messages

gwcorr.dc Dictionary file used to create gwcorr.db

gwia.fil Language strings for the gateway program

preamble.txt Displays for any recipient who lacks a MIME-compliant mail reader

preamble.all PREAMBLE.TXT file contents in various languages

mimetype.cfg Allows you to control the encoding schemes used for various file types under MIME

executable GroupWise Internet Agent executable

gwia.cfg Startup file used to configure the gateway and daemon using startup switches

gwia.mib Gateway Management Information Base (MIB) - NLM version only

GWCNVRT GroupWise conversion programs

SAVE Holds old configuration files from reinstall or upgrade

HELPRQST User help file directory

GWIA Directory Represents the name of your GroupWise Internet Agent home directory. GWIA is the default name used if you did not specify a different directory name when installing the gateway.

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GWHOLD Directory The GWHOLD directory contains the QFILES subdirectory, which holds messages that are scheduled from the GroupWise Client for delayed delivery.

QFILESDirectory Messages scheduled for delayed delivery. Messages in the QFILES directory remain in encrypted format until the gateway transfers them to the SEND directory.

GWPROB Directory The gateway uses the GWPROB directory for messages it can’t process. These are usually messages that have been corrupted during transmission or that have the wrong Internet address.

WPCSIN Directory The gateway places inbound messages in one of the WPCSIN subdirectories (0-7) Most messages go in the 4 directory, although some administrative and status messages might go in other directories. The Message Transfer agent retrieves the messages and delivers them to the proper destinations.

WPCSOUT Directory The WPCSOUT directory contains two subdirectories: nnnxxxx and PROBLEM. The Message Server places outbound messages in the appropriate 0-7 subdirectory for the gateway to retrieve and process. nnnxxxx Directory nnnxxxx is a system-defined directory, where xxxx is a randomly-generated number and nnn represents the first three letters of the gateway name as defined in NetWare Administrator. xxx.PRC Directory The gateway uses the xxx.PRC directory to process messages. The xxx.PRC directory contains two subdirectories: CMD and GWWORK.

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CMD Directory The CMD directory is used only if there are multiple gateway processes. It correlates the activity between the processes.

GWWORK Directory The GWWORK directory stores temporary files created by the gateway as it converts and builds the message. mmddLOG.nnn File Log files created by gateway; the gateway creates a log file each day named mmddLOG.nnn, where mm is the month, dd is the day, and nnn is a sequential number indicating the sequence of log files in a day.

PULSE.TMP File PULSE.TMP is a file the gateway re-creates every time the gateway completes a cycle (after an idle loop). If you are not at the gateway station but need to know if the gateway is running, you can delete the PULSE.TMP file. If the gateway is running, it will re-create the file.

SEND Directory The program places outbound messages in the SEND directory after converting them. It then polls the SEND directory and sends any messages to the destination SMTP host.

DEFER Directory Messages that are deferred and re-queued according to the Retry Schedule are held in the DEFER directory. If the program receives a temporary error, such as Host Down, the gateway places the message in the DEFER directory for a specified time, then transfers the file to the SEND directory for another attempt at sending to the Internet.

RESULT Directory When the program processes the message, it builds a file, r*.*, in the RESULT directory that contains several lines of comments and SMTP reply codes, which may indicate possible errors or confirm correct transmission. After the program has completed the transmission with the destination host, it moves another file, s*.* from the SEND directory to the RESULT directory. The

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filenames for both files are identical, except for the first letter, which is either S or R. The S file is the converted message file. The Internet Agent looks at the S and R files in the RESULT directory and compares the conversation. If the R file contains the correct (250 OK) SMTP reply codes, the Internet Agent deletes the file and sends a transferred status message to the user's Sent Items folder.

GWCNVRT Directory This directory contains a number of conversion programs the gateway uses to convert message attachments to ASCII.

SAVE Directory If you reinstall or upgrade your gateway, your old configuration files will be copied here as a backup. If you reinstall or upgrade repeatedly, the files will be overwritten each time.

HELPRQST Directory This directory contains an ASCII help file that is mailed to users who request help from the gateway. The administrator can create four subdirectories in this directory called \OPERATOR, \POSTMSTR, \ACCOUNT, \FOREIGN. Files placed in these subdirectories will be mailed to users who request help and who are assigned these administrative levels in NetWare Administrator.

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A Error Messages

Some error and informational messages you may receive originate from the program engine or from SMTP when the program makes connections with hosts, and from other sources as well. This section includes the error messages generated by the Internet Agent. Variables, such as strings or numbers, are shown in italics and are represented by the following: ! ASCII strings are represented by xxx, yyy, or zzz ! Decimal characters are represented by nnn ! Hexadecimal characters are represented by hhh

Error Message List

“Command task could not be added to message body, rc =xxxx” on page 174 “Configuration data is missing from the database” on page 174 “ConvertPerfect Error while converting attachment file filename” on page 175 “Correlation DB logic error” on page 175 “Currently unhandled command value, xxxx, was received by the gateway” on page 175 “Database close error” on page 175 “Database context determination error: xxxx” on page 175 “Database initialization error: xxxx” on page 175 “Database open error: xxxx” on page 176 “Database read error: xxxx” on page 176 “Database write error: xxxx” on page 176 “Deferred delivery file I/O error--encryption error” on page 176

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“Deferred delivery file I/O error-memory error” on page 176 “Deferred delivery file I/O error-message undeliverable” on page 177 “Deferred file, filename, has been moved to the PROBLEM directory” on page 177 “File close error on file filename in module xxxx” on page 177 “File creation error on file filename in module xxxx” on page 177 “File open error on file filename in module xxxx” on page 177 “File read error on file filename in module xxxx” on page 177 “File write error on file filename in module xxxx” on page 177 “Gateway that uses this directory is not yet defined” on page 178 “Gateway Configuration Database could not be found” on page 178 “Memory exhausted” on page 178 “Memory exhausted while processing an Administrator Command” on page 178 “Message File open failed” on page 178 “Message re-queuing failed. The message must be deleted” on page 178 “Message transport session open error: xxxx” on page 178 “Processing inbound message...” on page 179 “Processing outbound command...” on page 179 ’“Processing outbound message...” on page 179 “Scratch-pad file creation error: xxxx” on page 179 “Scratch-pad file write error: filename” on page 179 “Unable to find TCPIP Kernel” on page 179 “Unable to listen on SMTP port” on page 180

Command task could not be added to message body, rc =xxxx Explanation: A file output error occurred, probably because of a full disk or an inaccessible directory. Action: If r = D109, check access rights and privileges in the WPCSIN directory. or If r = D907, check access rights and privileges in the WPCSIN directory.

Configuration data is missing from the database Explanation: The domain database WPDOMAIN.DB is probably corrupted. Action: Rebuild the database using NetWare® Administrator.

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ConvertPerfect Error while converting attachment file filename Explanation: The user sent the message using the Convert Attachment feature of the Advanced Send Option, which invokes ConvertPerfect*. ConvertPerfect may not know how to convert this type of file, the file could not be decrypted, or a file I/O error occurred. This problem may generate a different error message than the one listed above.

Correlation DB logic error Explanation: The correlation database (GWCORR.DB) is corrupted. Action: Rename or delete GWCORR.DB and restart the gateway. A new GWCORR.DB file will be created when you start the gateway. By deleting GWCORR.DB, status messages for all messages sent prior to deletion will not be correlated, but the gateway will function more reliably when the Correlation Database is clean

Currently unhandled command value, xxxx, was received by the gateway Explanation: An unrecognized command was received from NetWare Administrator. Action: Resend the command.

Database close error Explanation: A database error occurred on close of correlation DB. Action: Rename or delete GWCORR.DB. A new GWCORR.DB file will be created when you start the gateway.

Database context determination error: xxxx Explanation: A database error occurred on close of correlation DB. Action: Rename or delete GWCORR.DB. A new GWCORR.DB file will be created when you start the Internet Agent.

Database initialization error: xxxx Explanation: The gateway database management code could not be initialized Action: You may need to rebuild the domain database for the domain where the Internet Agent is installed

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Database open error: xxxx Explanation: The gateway configuration database path could not be created, or DB did not open. Action: Make sure WPDOMAIN.DB is in the domain directory.

Database read error: xxxx Explanation: The gateway configuration database, WPDOMAIN.DB, could not be read for configured information. The database is corrupted, or the database file lock failed. Action: Rebuild the database using NetWare Administrator. Explanation: The Message Correlation Database, GWCORR.DB, could not be read and is probably corrupted, or a memory error or DB lock failed. Action: Check network rights. Rename or delete GWCORR.DB and restart the gateway. A new GWCORR.DB file will be created when you start the gateway.

Database write error: xxxx Explanation: The GWCORR.DB database transaction (begin, commit, abort, failed, or record add) failed. There may also be a memory error, or a DB lock failure, the disk may be full, or the network may not be responding. Action: Check to see if the disk is full, check to see if a machine has the DB locked, and check the network response. Check network rights.

Deferred delivery file I/O error--encryption error Explanation: An encrypted non-queue file was moved to the \GWHOLD directory. Action: Do not put any files in \GWHOLD, remove any files not named with a HEX time stamp, and restart the gateway.

Deferred delivery file I/O error-memory error Explanation: The Internet Agent machine ran out of memory. Action: Free more memory.

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Deferred delivery file I/O error-message undeliverable Explanation: The message could not be written to disk in the \GWHOLD\QFILES directory. Action: Check to see if the disk is full, and check access to the directory.

Deferred file, filename, has been moved to the PROBLEM directory Explanation: After the gateway retry schedule expired, the message was moved to the PROBLEM directory. The destination host was temporarily down (it sent back a 400-level SMTP reply code) so the program could not transfer the message. Action: Contact the postmaster for the destination host to make sure the host is up. Have the user resend the message.

File close error on file filename in module xxxx Explanation: A close of the named file resulted in an error. Action: Check if some other process on the server is holding the file open. Check for network problems.

File creation error on file filename in module xxxx Explanation: An open of the named file resulted in an error. Action: Check access in the named directory.

File open error on file filename in module xxxx Explanation: An open of the named file resulted in an error. Action: Check access to named file and directory, and check access to file.

File read error on file filename in module xxxx Explanation: A read of the named file resulted in an error. Action: Check access to named file.

File write error on file filename in module xxxx Explanation: A write to the named file resulted in an error. Action: Check access in named directory, and check to see if the disk is full.

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Gateway that uses this directory is not yet defined Explanation: The gateway has been installed, but it is not yet configured. Action: Configure the gateway in NetWare Administrator.

Gateway Configuration Database could not be found Explanation: The directory where WPDOMAIN.DB resides cannot be found, given the gateway’s default directory and the gateway startup options. Action: Use the gateway directory startup option /work to reference the directory below \WPGATE where the gateway executable file resides, or simply invoke the executable from that directory. Check network rights.

Memory exhausted Explanation: The gateway was not able to allocate sufficient memory. Action: Free up more memory.

Memory exhausted while processing an Administrator Command Explanation: The Internet Agent ran out of memory while processing a command sent to the Internet Agent. Action: Free up more memory.

Message File open failed Explanation: The gateway could not open a message file. Action: The message file is moved to the \WPCSOUT\PROBLEM directory in the domain directory.

Message re-queuing failed. The message must be deleted Explanation: A message could not be put into or removed from the delayed delivery and the retry queue maintained under the \GWHOLD directory because of a disk or a memory error. Action: Check access to the \GWHOLD and \QFILES subdirectories, check to see if the disk is full, and free more memory

Message transport session open error: xxxx Explanation: This is almost always caused by a memory error. Action: Free up memory.

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Processing inbound message... Explanation: This is an informational message. A message is being received by the Internet Agent from the foreign system. Action: None.

Processing outbound command... Explanation: This is an informational message. NetWare Administrator has sent a command to the Internet Agent. Commands are STATE, REQUEST STATS, REBOOT, and DIRECTORY SYNCHRONIZATION. Action: None.

Processing outbound message... Explanation: This is an informational message. A message is being received by the Internet Agent from the GroupWise® system. Action: None.

Scratch-pad file creation error: xxxx Explanation: The gateway settings file, SET, could not be created. Action: Check access (write or create) to the xxx.PRC directories, and check to see if the disk is full.

Scratch-pad file write error: filename Explanation: The gateway settings file, SET, could not be written. Action: Check access (write or create) to the xxx.PRC directories, and check to see if the disk is full.

Unable to find TCPIP Kernel Explanation: The program must find the TCP/IP kernel already loaded or the gateway automatically loads the TCP/IP kernel. If the TCP/IP kernel is not or cannot be loaded automatically, this error results. Action: Check to see that the TCP/IP kernel is installed and configured.

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Unable to listen on SMTP port Explanation: The TCP/IP kernel is not installed correctly or the program is unable to take control of port 25 (SMTP port number). Other processes may have control of port 25, thereby preventing the program from taking control of port 25. Action: Unload the TCP/IP kernel then reload it. If another process has control of port 25, unloading the TCP/IP kernel will show it.

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B Startup Switches

Startup switches let you modify the way the GroupWise® Internet Agent works. Properly using startup switches can help you fine-tune the Internet Agent for your specific messaging environment. The startup switches are all written in the GWIA.CFG configuration file, which is read when the Internet Agent starts. Choose from the list below to find out how to modify the configuration file where the startup switches are specified, and for an explanation of the purpose for each of the switches that are available with the Internet Agent. The startup switches have been categorized according to the service they modify. ! “Editing the Startup File” on page 182 ! “Required Switches” on page 183 ! “Optional Switches” on page 185 ! “SMTP Multiple Thread Switches” on page 197 ! “Optional POP3 Server-Specific Switches” on page 197 ! “Optional SMTP Timeout Switches” on page 199 ! “Optional Log File Switches” on page 200 ! “Optional Outbound Encoding Switches” on page 202 ! “Required Switches for the NLM Version Running in Remote Mode” on page 203

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Editing the Startup File

The configuration file, GWIA.CFG, is an ASCII text file residing in the same directory as the Internet Agent software. By default, this directory is domain\WPGATE\GWIA. The GWIA.CFG file contains all the startup switches and is automatically read when the Internet Agent starts.The GWIA.CFG file contains multinational translations after the English portion at the beginning. You can leave the translated text or remove it. ! “Changing Internet Agent Settings in NetWare Administrator” on page 182 ! “Guidelines for Manual Editing” on page 182 ! “Command Line Syntax” on page 183

Changing Internet Agent Settings in NetWare Administrator

Please note the parameters contained in the GWIA.CFG file can now be modified through the NetWare® Administrator utility, replacing the need to manually edit the GWIA.CFG file. In fact, we recommend that you specify and modify the Internet Agent settings in the Supplementary Parameters page in NetWare Administrator rather than manually editing the GWIA.CFG configuration file.

Guidelines for Manual Editing

If you decide to manually edit the GWIA.CFG file, keep the following guidelines in mind when making modifications: ! Archive a copy of the file in case you need to return to the original switch settings. ! Use a text editor to edit the file. ! The comment characters include the semicolon (;), pound sign (#), and asterisk (*), and are used to disable a switch or to add comments. The Internet Agent ignores any line that begins with a comment character. It also ignores any text after a comment character. ! Changes made to the configuration file do not take effect until you start the Internet Agent. ! None of the switches or values are case-sensitive.

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! You can use either a dash (-) or an equals sign (=) to separate the switch from the value. ! Switches in the configuration file must begin with one of the switch delimiters (/, -, or @). Switches used on the command line must begin with one of the delimiters. ! If a switch is specified more than once in the configuration file or on the command line, and if it has avalue (such as ll=normal), only the last instance of the switch will be used. ! The GWIA.CFG configuration file is used by default. However, you can also specify another configuration file or use startup switches on the command line when starting the Internet Agent program. If no other configuration file is specified on the command line, the default GWIA.CFG configuration file will be read and processed before, and in addition to, any command line switches. ! If a non-default configuration file is specified on the command line, the default GWIA.CFG configuration file will not be read.

Command Line Syntax

Each version of the Internet Agent may be started using a configuration file called GWIA.CFG. You can use this file to define any startup switches you want implemented without typing them individually on the command line. Syntax: [email protected] The full path to the configuration file may also be provided in the command line as follows: Syntax: gwia @\PATH\filename

Required Switches

The following switches point the Internet Agent to the Internet Agent directory. They are assigned their initial value during installation. If you move the Internet Agent to another location, you must update these switches. /dhome /hn /home

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/dhome

This switch points to the SMTP service work area. This will normally be the Internet Agent directory under the domain\WPGATE directory. Syntax: /dhome=pathname NLM Example: /dhome=SYS:\HEADQ\WPGATE\GWIA NT Example: /dhome=c:\GWIA

/hn

This switch is only required under certain circumstances. It provides the host name that is displayed when someone connects to your Internet Agent server using via a Telnet session. You should enter the host name assigned to you by your Internet service provider. Syntax: /hn=host_name Example: /hn=advert.corp.com Normally, the Internet Agent will be able to get the information from another source and will not need this switch. If you receive a message that the /hn switch is required, you must use the switch. For the NLMTM version, the /hn switch is only required if you don’t use the HOSTS file in the SYS:\ETC directory to indicate the IP address and name of the Internet Agent machine. If at least one of these options (the IP address or name of the machine) is not available, the program will not be able to start.

/home

This switch points the Internet Agent to the Internet Access directory. This will always be a subdirectory of WPGATE in the domain directory structure. Syntax: /home=gateway_directory NLM Example: /home=SYS:\HEADQ\WPGATE\GWIA NT Example: /home=J:\HEADQ\WPGATE\GWIA

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Optional Switches

The following switches are optional. They provide specific configuration options that can enhance the functionality and performance of the Internet Agent.

/aql /fdmime /l nqpmt /aqor /flatfwd /mbcount /p /ari /fut /mbtime /recv /attachmsg /group /mh /send /badmsg /help /mono /single /color /hn /mudas /smp /convert /http /mv /work /corr /httpport /nasoq /wrap /fd822 /irfouid /norouting

/aql

The /aql switch allows you to determine the address qualification level. It specifies which GroupWise address components (domain.post office.user) must be included as the user portion of a GroupWise user’s outbound Internet address (userhost). Valid options are -auto, -userid, -po, and -domain. Syntax: /aql-option NLM Example: /aql-po/aql_switch_options

/aql Switch Options The /aql switch replaces the functionality of the /fqosa switch, which is no longer available. It has the following options: /aql-auto option: This option causes the gateway to include the GroupWise addressing components in the user’s address required to make it unique. If a user ID is unique in a GroupWise system, the outbound address will use only the user ID. If the post office or domain.post office components are required to make the address unique, these components will be included in the outbound address as well. The -auto option is the default.

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/aql-userid option: The -userid option requires the gateway to include only the user ID in the outbound Internet address, even if the user ID is not unique in the system. If a recipient replies to a user whose user ID is not unique and no other qualifying information is provided, that reply cannot be delivered. /aql-po option: The -po option requires the gateway to include post office.user in every outbound address, regardless of the uniqueness or non- uniqueness of the user ID. /aql-domain option: The -domain option requires the gateway to include the fully-qualified GroupWise address (domain.post office.user) in every outbound address, regardless of the uniqueness or non-uniqueness of the user ID. This option guarantees the uniqueness of every outbound Internet address, and ensures any replies will be delivered.

/aqor

The user part of a GroupWise user’s outbound Internet address (user@host) can and sometimes must include the full Groupwise address (domain.post office.user) in order to be unique. The /aqor switch sets the default for the Internet Agent to move any GroupWise address components, except the user component, to the right side of the address following the @ sign. In this way, GroupWise addressing components become part of the host portion of the outbound Internet address. The /aql switch specifies which components are included. For example, if the /aqor switch is used (in conjunction with the /aql-domain switch), Bob Thompson’s fully qualified Internet address ([email protected]) would be resolved to [email protected] for all outbound messages. If the /aqor switch is used with the /aql-po switch, Bob’s Internet address would be resolved to [email protected] for all outbound messages. If you use the /aqor switch to move GroupWise domain or post office names to be part of the host portion on the right side of the address, you must provide a way for the DNS server to identify the GroupWise names. You must either explicitly name all GroupWise post offices and domains in your system as individual MX Records, or you can create an MX Record with wildcard characters to represent all GroupWise post offices and domains. For information about creating MX Records, see details found in RFC #974.

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/ari

The /ari switch lets you enable or disable additional routing information that is put in the SMTP return address to facilitate replies. This switch may be needed in large systems with external GroupWise domains in which the external GroupWise users have not been configured in your local domain. Options include Never and Always. Most sites can ignore this switch. Syntax: /ari-setting Example: /ari-never

/attachmsg

The attach message switch will maintain the original format of any file type attachment. In previous version of GroupWise, many attached file types were converted to a multi-part mixed format before being sent across the Internet. With this switch set, the original format of the attached file will be preserved. Syntax: /attachmsg

/badmsg The /badmsg switch allows you to specify where to send problem messages. Problem messages may be placed in the Internet Agent problem directory (GWPROB), they may be sent to the postmaster, or they may be sent to both or neither. The values for this switch are: -move, -send, -both, and -neither. The -move option specifies to place problem messages in the GWPROB directory for the Internet Agent. The -send option specifies to send the message as an attachment to the Internet Agent postmaster defined in NetWare Administrator. The -both option specifies to move the message to GWPROB and send it to the postmaster. The -neither option specifies to discard problem messages. The default when no switch is specified is -move. Syntax: /badmsg-value Short Syntax: /bmf-value Example: /badmsg-move

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/color

The /color switch sets the default color of the Internet Agent operation screen. The values range from 0-7. Syntax: color-0-7 Example: /color-3 You can also change the color of the screen for an Internet Agent session. From the menu on the bottom of the operation screen, select Options, then press the key for Colors.

/convert

ConvertPerfect* has now been disabled by default. You must use the /convert switch if you want the ConvertPerfect drivers to be available to convert attachments to ASCII. Most sites will not use this switch.

/corr

The /corr switch indicates the path to the correlation database directory when the default \WPGATE\GWIA is not used. The correlation database maintains information to correlate status messages with specific messages. It is used to route error messages to the sender’s Sent Items folder. Syntax: /corr-pathname Short Syntax: /pc-pathname NLM Example: /corr-SYS:\TMP\WORK NT Example: /corr-J:\TMP\WORK

/fd822

The /fd822 switch lets you specify a return address for GroupWise replies. A message that has been received by a GroupWise user through the Internet Agent and is replied to will have this return address form. These switches will cause the Internet Agent to produce a return address of the form foreign domain.type:"user host." Foreign domain can be any foreign domain you have configured and linked to the Internet Agent.

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You can use the same foreign domain name for both the /fd822 switch and the /fdmime switch. You can specify multiple foreign domain and kind pairs by placing them in quotes. If multiple foreign domain and kind pairs are used, the first domain/kind pair will be the return address for replies to messages received through the Internet Agent. The second domain/kind pair is checked to see what message format is used for old replies in the system. Up to four pairs can be specified with an 80-character limit. This switch lets you change your foreign domain names in your GroupWise system and still have replies work. For example, if your foreign domain had been called faraway and you added a foreign domain called Internet, you could use /fd822-"internet.nonmime smtp.nonmime." This would cause replies to have a return address of internet.nonmime.:"user@host." The Internet Agent would also recognize faraway. This switch lets you migrate from one foreign domain to another. Most administrators will not need to use this switch. Syntax: /fd822-foreign_domain.type Example: /fd822-Internet.nonmime

/fdmime The /fdmime switch lets you specify a return address for GroupWise replies. A message that has been received by a GroupWise user through the Internet Agent and is replied to will have this return address form. These switches will cause the Internet Agent to produce a return address of the form foreign domain.type:"user host." Foreign domain can be any foreign domain you have configured and linked to the Internet Agent. Type can be either mime or nonmime. You can use the same foreign domain name for both the /fd822 switch and the /fdmime switch. You can specify multiple foreign domain and kind pairs by placing them in quotes. If multiple foreign domain and kind pairs are used, the first domain/ kind pair will be the return address for replies to messages received through the Internet Agent. The second domain/kind pair is checked to see what message format is used for old replies in the system. Up to four pairs can be specified with an 80-character limit. This switch lets you change your foreign domain names in your GroupWise system and still have replies work. For example, if your foreign domain had

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been called SMTP and you added a foreign domain called Internet, you could use /fdmime-"internet.mime smtp.mime." This would cause replies to have a return address of internet.mime:"user@host." The Internet Agent would also recognize SMTP. This switch lets you migrate from one foreign domain to another. Most administrators will not need to use this switch. Syntax: /fdmime-foreign_domain.type Example: /fdmime-Internet.mime

/flatfwd (Enhancement Pack only)

The /flatfwd switch automatically strips out the empty messages that accumulate when a message is forwarded multiple times Syntax:/flatfwd

/fut The /fut switch forwards undeliverable messages to the host specified. This may be useful if you use UNIX* sendmail aliases. Syntax: /fut-host Example: /fut-foo.com

/group

The /group switch turns on group expansion. The default startup file has this switch commented out. If it is enabled, an incoming Internet message addressed to a public group will be sent to members of that group. Syntax: /group

/help

The /help switch displays the Help screen for the startup switches. It will not start an active session. Syntax: /help Short Syntax: /h

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/hn

This switch creates the text that is displayed when someone connects to your Internet Agent server using Telnet. You should enter the host name assigned to you by your Internet service provider. Syntax: /hn-host_name Example: /hn-advert.foo.com The /hn switch is required if you don’t use the HOSTS file in the SYS:\ETC directory (for the NLM version).

/http (Enhancement Pack only)

The /http switch enables the Web console with a default TCP port of 9850. You can use the Web console to monitor the Internet Agent from your Web browser. Syntax: /http

/httpport (Enhancement Pack only)

The /httpport switch specifies a TCP port for the Web console. You can use the web console to monitor the Internet Agent from your Web browser. Syntax: /httpport-port_number Example: /httpport-4800

/irfouid

This switch stands for "IMAP re-sort folder on unique ID." It places GroupWise messages that are being downloaded to an IMAP4 client in normally ascending order. Currently, this switch is only necessary for the Microsoft* Outlook* Express client. Syntax: /irfouid

/l

The /l switch lets you specify the language shown by the Internet Agent. Valid options include US for U.S. English and JP for Japanese. If there is no language switch, the default language is U.S. English.

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Syntax: /l-language_identifier Example: /l-JP

/mbcount

This switch is the mail bomb count switch. It provides a form of system security by letting you set the number of messages that can be received from a single IP address in a given amount of time (in seconds; set with the /mbtime switch) before the Internet Agent will deny access to its GroupWise system. For example, with /mbcount set to 25 and /mbtime set to 60 seconds, if these limits are exceeded the sender’s IP address will be blocked from sending any more messages. The IP address of the sender is also displayed in the Internet Agent operation screen. You can permanently restrict access to your system by that IP address through settings on the Access Control page. By default, the mail bomb feature is turned off. To enable this feature, you must specify a value for mail bomb count and mail bomb time. Syntax: /mbcount Example: /mbcount-25

/mbtime

The /mbtime switch specifies the mail bomb time limit in seconds. This switch works with the /mbcount switch to block access to your GroupWise system from unsolicited inundations of e-mail. The default value is 10 seconds. Syntax: /mbtime-seconds Example: /mbtime-60

/mh

This is an optional switch that can be used if your site already uses a smart host and you want the program to use it. This switch provides the IP address of the smart host where the program sends outgoing messages. The smart host can be part of your network or reside at the Internet service provider’s site. This switch is typically used in firewall integration if you want one machine, the specified smart host, to route all mail. Syntax: /mh-IP_address Example: /mh-151.155.111.11

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/mono

The /mono switch runs the Internet Agent for a computer with a monochrome monitor. Syntax: /mono Short Syntax: /mon

/mudas

The /mudas switch controls how much of the original message is sent back when a message is undeliverable. By default, only 2 KB of the original message will be sent back. The value is specified in KB (8=8KB). Syntax: /mudas-KB Example: /mudas-16

/mv The /mv switch lets you specify a mail view attachment for all inbound Internet messages. A view is the screen that a user sees when a message is opened. This switch helps users identify Internet messages. If you do not specify a view, or if the view has not been configured, the default view will be used. Syntax: /mv-viewname Example: /mv-Internet

How the /mv Switch Works When an Internet message is received by the Internet Agent, it will write the view name you have chosen into a special field of the message. When a user opens that message, the GroupWise client program will search the OFVIEWS.INI file for the specified view name. If the client finds the view name and the corresponding view file, it will display the message with that view. To configure your GroupWise system to use a mail view, you must obtain the view file, copy that view to each post office, and modify the OFVIEWS.INI file for each post office.

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Obtaining a View You can use a view included with GroupWise or you can create a view using the View Designer (available in the Novell® NDK). You can identify view files by their.VEW extension (for example, USML_1.VEW which is the default). System views are located in the post office\OFVIEWS\WIN directory. Custom views that users create could be anywhere. Ensure that when you design the view you design a Mail view and you give it the name you put on the /mv line. See the Online help in View Designer for steps on creating a view. Use caution when creating a view. Test the view with various display types. You might have unexpected results if you create a view with a 1024 x 768, 256-color screen resolution and that view is received by someone running 640 x 480, 16-color resolution.

Copying the View The chosen view must be copied into the post office\OFVIEWS\WIN directory for each post office that you want to use the view. If the view does not exist in a particular post office, users on that post office will see the default view instead of the custom view when they open messages from the Internet.

Editing OFVIEWS.INI You must modify the OFVIEWS.INI (and/or OFVIEWXX.INI) file in the postoffice\OFVIEWS\WIN directory. OFVIEWS.INI is an ASCII file that you can edit. You should add a line to the [Mail] section that follows the pattern of the other entries. If you select a view that is already in the system views directory, such as the USML_BIG.VEW (which is the Expanded Mail view), you can just add /mv- "Expanded Mail." Quotes must surround a mail view name that contains a space. There may also be an OFVIEWxx.INI file in your system views directory. The xx represents country code, such as OFVIEWUS.INI for US. Modify this file also. The GWIA.CFG file that ships with the gateway contains an active /mv- Internet line. If you already have added a system view called Internet, messages that come from the Internet will be immediately received with the Internet view you added.

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Each post office in your GroupWise system that you want enabled for the mail view feature must have the view file copied to it and have the OFVIEWS.INI file edited.

/nasoq This switch lets you prevent the sending of the accounting file (ACCT) everytime the Internet Agent quits or is shut down. With this switch set, the accounting file will only be sent once a day. Syntax: /nasoq

/norouting The /norouting switch prevents the Internet Agent from routing mail addressed to another host. The Internet Agent will return an undeliverable message to the sender if it receives a message not addressed to the Internet Agent. This switch is useful if you don’t want the Internet Agent to act as an SMTP mail router. Syntax: /norouting

/nqpmt

This switch lets you set Internet-bound messages to never use quoted printable message text. If this switch is turned on, your messages will be sent with the Base64 mime encoding. If you use this switch you will need to review the setting for the /wrap switch to ensure that message text wraps correctly. Syntax: /nqpmt

/p

This switch specifies how often the program polls for outgoing messages. The scale is in seconds. Setting this switch to 10 means the program polls the directory every 10 seconds. The default is 10 seconds. Syntax: /p-seconds Example: /p-10

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/recv

The /recv switch places the Internet Agent in receive-only mode. If this switch is enabled, the Internet Agent will not send any messages. You should only use this option for troubleshooting. Syntax: /recv Short Syntax: /r

/send

The /send switch places the Internet Agent in send-only mode. If you enable this switch, the Internet Agent will not receive any messages. You should only use this option for troubleshooting. Syntax: /send Short Syntax: /s

/single

The /single switch tells the Internet Agent to run one send and receive cycle, then terminate the session. This switch should only be used for troubleshooting. Syntax: /single Short Syntax: /sc

/smp

This switch is available only for the NLM version. It lets the gateway use the Symmetric Multi-Processor capability in NetWare 4.1. Syntax: /smp

/work

The /work switch sets the directory where the Internet Agent stores its temporary files. The WPGATE\GWIA\GWWORK directory is the default. Syntax: /work-pathname

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Short Syntax: /gw-pathname NLM Example: /work-SYS:\TMP\WORK NT Example: /work-J:\TMP\WORK

/wrap

The /wrap switch sets the line length for outgoing messages. This is important if the recipient’s e-mail system requires a certain line length. Syntax: /wrap-line_length Example: /wrap-72

SMTP Multiple Thread Switches

The two switches in this category let you set the number of threads available for the SMTP/MIME service of the GroupWise Internet Agent. Multiple threading allows for more than one send or receive process to be running concurrently. A send or receive request is assigned to a single thread and is processed by that thread. If you anticipate heavy Internet message traffic on your system, you can increase the number of threads to enhance the speed and performance of the Internet Agent. However, increasing the number of threads also requires additional memory and CPU resource, so be judicious in your configuration of multiple threads.

/st

The /st switch indicates the number of send threads. The default number is 4. You are limited only by the memory resources of your machine.

/rt

The /rt switch indicates the number of receive threads. The default number is 4. You are limited only by the memory resources of your machine.

Optional POP3 Server-Specific Switches

There are four optional startup switches that can be used to configure the POP3 server feature of the Internet Agent.

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/ipa /ipp /sp /rp

/ipa

The /ipa switch defines the port name. The default port name is NGWNAMESERVER. Syntax: /ipa-port_name Example: /ipa-ngwnameserver

/ipp The /ipp switch defines the port number. The default port number for POP3 services is 110. Syntax: /ipp-port_number Example: /ipp-110

/sp

The /sp switch indicates the number of send threads for the POP3 server. The default number is 4. You are limited only by the memory resources of your machine. Syntax: /sp-number_of_send_threads Example: /sp-4

/rp

The /rp switch indicates the number of receive threads used by the POP3 server. The default number is 4. You are limited only by the memory resources of your machine. Syntax: /rp-number_of_receive_threads Example: /rp-4

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Optional SMTP Timeout Switches

The following switches specify how long SMTP services will wait to receive data that it can process. After the time expires, the Internet Agent may give a TCP read/write error. Leave these switches at their default setting unless you are experiencing a problem with communication. /tc /td /te /tg /tr /tt

/tc The /tc switch specifies how long the program will wait for an SMTP command. The default is 2 minutes. Syntax: /tc-minutes Example: /tc-3

/td

The /td switch specifies how long the program will wait for data from the receiving host. The default is 5 minutes. Syntax: /td-minutes Example: /td-2

/te

The /te switch specifies how long the program will wait for the receiving host to establish a connection. The default is 5 minutes. Syntax: /te-minutes Example: /te-2

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/tg

The /tg switch specifies how long the program will wait for the initial greeting from the receiving host. The default is 3 minutes. Syntax: /tg-minutes Example: /tg-2

/tr

The /tr switch specifies how long the program will wait for a TCP read. The default is 10 minutes. Syntax: /tr-minutes Example: /tr-2

/tt

The /tt switch specifies how long the program will wait for the receiving host to terminate the connection. The default is 5 minutes. Syntax: /tt-minutes Example: /tt-2

Optional Log File Switches

The following switches control how the Internet Agent uses the log file. The log file keeps a record of all Internet Agent activity. These switches will override the corresponding settings defined in NetWare Administrator for the current Internet Agent session. /log /logdays /logdiskoff /loglevel /logmax

/log

This switch redirects the log files to a different location.

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Syntax: /log-log_file_directory Short Syntax: /pl-log_file_directory NLM Example: /log-sys:\log\gwia NT Example: /log-c:\log\gwia

/logdays

This switch determines how many days log files remain on the disk. Files are deleted if they age beyond the number of days specified. The range is from 1 to 360 days. Syntax: /logdays-days Short Syntax: /lt-days Example: /logdays-5

/logdiskoff This switch disables the log file writing feature. If the /loglevel switch is not set to off, the Internet Agent tasks will be recorded only on the operation screen. Syntax: /logdisk-off

/loglevel This switch overrides the logging level defined in NetWare Administrator. The values are: ! Diag ! Verbose ! Normal (Default) ! Off For more on logging levels, see “Using the Logging Feature” on page 131. Syntax: /loglevel-level Short Syntax: /ll-level Example: /loglevel-verbose

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/logmax

This switch controls the maximum amount of disk space for all log files. The amount of disk space each log file consumes is added together to determine the total amount of disk space used. When the limit is reached, the Internet Agent overwrites the existing log files, starting with the oldest one. The default is 1024 KB or 1 MB. The range is from 256 KB to unlimited size. Use 0 for unlimited disk space. Syntax: /logmax-KB Short Syntax: /ls-KB Example: /logmax-512

Optional Outbound Encoding Switches

The following switches specify the default outbound encoding format. Users can override these defaults through a specified foreign domain when addressing messages if the foreign domains are defined with special options. /encoding /mime /uueaa

/encoding

This switch sets the default for outbound encoding to conform to the specifications defined in RFC #1505. This switch cannot be used with the / mime switch. If both are enabled, the /mime switch will take precedence. This switch was added for the few companies that require RFC-1505 compatibility. Administrators should not implement this switch unless they know their system requires RFC #1505 support. Syntax: /encoding

/mime

This switch sets the default to send outbound attachments in MIME format. If this switch is not used, outbound attachments will be sent in RFC-822 format. Users can override this switch by using the RFC-822 foreign domain (if one is defined) in the address string when sending messages.

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When the gateway is installed, MIME support will be active. If you do not want MIME to be the default format you must remark out the /mime switch in GWIA.CFG. Syntax: /mime

/uueaa

This switch forces the Internet Agent to UUencode all outbound ASCII attachments rather than include them as part of the message body. Syntax: /uueaa

Required Switches for the NLM Version Running in Remote Mode

The following configuration-specific switches are only for the NLM version of the GroupWise Internet Agent, and are only required if the Internet Agent is running in remote mode. In remote mode the GroupWise domain directory does not reside on the same file server as the Internet Agent NLM. You must include the /user and / password switches to identify the user login ID and password used to attach to the GroupWise server.

/password This switch sets the password that the Internet Agent must use to log into a remote file server to access the domain database and Internet Agent directories. Syntax: /password-password

/user This switch sets the login ID that the Internet Agent must use to log into a remote file server to access the domain database and Internet Agent directories. Syntax: /user-login_Id

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Configuring Dial-Up Connectivity with C MPR

MultiProtocol Router (MPR) 3.1 can be used to connect to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) over PPP and provide TCP/IP routing out to the Internet. The steps involved in configuring MPR to connect to an ISP are the same as for any other PPP connection. However, there are some configuration options that may require special attention when connecting to an ISP. This information is contained in the Novell® Technical Information Document (TID) #2916037, entitled "Using MPR 31 NIAS Border to Connect to an ISP." You can find this document and other helpful TIDs at the Novell Support Connection® (http://support.novell.com/).

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