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Trickling Filter-Activated Sludge Combinations for Domestic Wastewater Treatment Robert Frank Roskopf Iowa State University

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Trickling Filter-Activated Sludge Combinations for Domestic Wastewater Treatment Robert Frank Roskopf Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1972 Trickling filter-activated sludge combinations for domestic wastewater treatment Robert Frank Roskopf Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons, and the Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons Recommended Citation Roskopf, Robert Frank, "Trickling filter-activated sludge combinations for domestic wastewater treatment " (1972). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 4773. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/4773 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at addilional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor Michigan 48106 A Xerox Education Company 73-9480 ROSKOPF, Robert Frank, 1939- TRICKLING FILTER-ACTIVATED SLUDGE COMBINATIONS FOR DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT. Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1972 Engineering, sanitary and municiDal University Microfilms, A XEROX Company , Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. Trickling filter - activated sludge combinations for domestic wastewater treatment by Robert Frank Roskopf A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department; Civil Engineering Major; Sanitary Engineering Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1972 PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have i nd i St ! net print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF STUDY LITERATURE REVIEW Series A-TF System Series TF-A System Parallel System Cost of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Summary DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH FACILITIES Pilot Activated Sludge Plant description Operation Pilot Trickling Filter Operation SAMPLING AND LABORATORY PROCEDURES Compositing Samples COD Analyses BOD Analyses Suspended Solids Ammonia, Nitrates amd Phosphates Dissolved Oxygen iii Table of Contents (Continued) Page Sludge Volume Index (SVI) 79 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 80 Primary Effluent 80 Trickling Filter Performance 84 Ames water pollution control plant 85 Pilot trickling filter 95 Ames plant and pilot plant comparison 104 Activated Sludge Performance 108 Second-Stage Biological Unit Performance 111 Trickling filter 112 Activated sludge 115 Trickling filter-activated sludge comparison 117 Parallel Performance 122 Series TF-A Performance 125 Series A-TF Performance 128 Supplemental Analyses 132 Comparison of BOD and COD load applied and load removed data 132 Curve fit analyses of BOD load applied and load removed data 134 Load applied - percent removal data 139 Trickling filter 139 Activated sludge 143 Series performance relationships 143 Nitrification 150 iv Table of Contents (Continued) Page Smnmary 153 APPLICATION OF RESULTS 160 Design Considerations 160 Parallel 161 TF-A 163 A-TF 167 City of Ames Considerations 167 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 175 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 181 SELECTED REFERENCES 183 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 191 APPENDIX A. ABBREVIATIONS 19 2 APPENDIX B. RAW DATA 194 APPENDIX C. FLOW, STRENGTH, AND LOAD VARIATION DATA 2 00 V LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Trickling filter-activated sludge system combinations investigated during the pilot study 6 2. "Split and return" treatment process used in Rotherham, England 45 3. Pilot plant location at the Ames, Iowa water pollution control plant 60 4. Pilot plant pipe and valve schematic 61 5. Activated sludge unit (Oxigest) plan and cross section 62 6. Pilot trickling filter plan view 69 7. Pilot trickling filter cross section 70 8. Hourly trends in the BOD of the Ames primary effluent 81 9. Hourly trends in the raw wastewater flow rate at the Ames water pollution control plant 82 10. Comparison of the hourly variation in BOD load to the Ames and pilot trickling filters 83 11. Daily hydraulic load and BOD trends in the Ames trickling filters during the pilot study 86 12. Performance of the Ames trickling filter during- the pilot study 88 13. Weekly suspended solids trends in the wastewater at the Ames trickling filter plant during the pilot s tudy 91 14. Daily air and wastewater temperature trends at the Ames water pollution control plant during the pilot study 92 15. Daily hydraulic load and BOD of the wastewater treated with the pilot trickling filter 96 \' I List of Figures (Continued) Figure Page 16. Daily suspended solids trends in the pilot trickling filter influent and effluent 99 17. Hourly trends in air and pilot trickling filter effluent temperature 100 18. Pilot trickling filter performance (including settling) 102 19. Pilot trickling filter performance (excluding settling) 103 20. Comparison of pilot trickling filter performance with and without settling 105 21. Comparison of Ames and pilot trickling filter performance (From Figures 12 and 18) 107 22. Pilot activated sludge plant (Oxigest) performance when used exclusively for secondary treatment 109 23. Pilot trickling filter performance as the second- stage biological process 113 24. First- and second-stage trickling filter performance comparison 114 25. Pilot activated sludge plant (Oxigest) performance as the second-stage biological process 116 26. First- and second-stage activated sludge plant performance comparison 118 27. Activated sludge and trickling filter plant second-stage performance comparison 120 28. Overall parallel process performance 123 29. Comparison of overall parallel process performance with activated sludge and trickling filter performance 124 vii List of Figures (Continued) Figure Page 30. Overall TF-A process performance 126 31. Comparison of overall TF-A process performance with activated sludge and trickling filter performance 127 32. Overall A-TF process performance 130 33. Comparison of overall A-TF process performance with activated sludge and trickling filter performance 131 34. Daily flow and BOD trends during the pilot study 133 35. Percentage BOD removal trends with the pilot trickling filter (including settling) as a first- stage process 141 36. Percentage BOD removal trends with the pilot trickling filter as a first-stage procès (excluding settling) and as a second-stage process (including settling) 142 37. Percentage BOD removal trends with the Oxigest as a first-stage process 144 *5 0 "D ^ A O O TÏ V V 1 -4- V /J ^ •< ^ V> "V -» as a second-stage process 145 39. First- and second-stage percent BOD removal relationships in the A-TF process 147 40. First- and second-stage percent BOD removal relationships in the TF-A process 14 8 41. Nitrification trends during the pilot study 151 42. Comparison of performance data collected during pilot study 154 viii LIST OF TABLES Page Typical domestic wastewater treatment costs 50 A-TF process experiences 54 TF-A process experiences 55 Comparison of linear regression analyses on pilot plant BOD and COD performance data 135 Summairy of curve fit analyses of pilot plant BOD performance data 136 Summary of curve fit analyses of overall combined pilot plant BOD performance data 137 Reasonable 1995 design criteria for Ames water pollution control facilities 169 Parallel process raw data 195 TF-A process raw data 197 A-TF process raw data 199 Comparison of pilot
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