ISSN 2277-0836; Volume 3, Issue 6, pp. 68-77; July, 2014. Journal of Agriculture and Biodiversity Research ©2014 Online Research Journals Full Length Research Available Online at http://www.onlineresearchjournals.org/JABR Distribution of Coreinae (Heteroptera, Coreidae) in Côte d’Ivoire N’Guessan Lucie Yeboue1, *Senan Soro1,2 and Dognimeton Soro1,2 1Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, UFR Environnement, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire. 2Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire Received 14 June, 2014 Accepted 12 July, 2014 Studies were conducted on 53 sites through different vegetation and climate in Côte d'Ivoire. The data were collected 3 times a week using a net, harvesting cages and light trap. The samplings were made from 8 am to 4 pm on the day and from 6 pm to 6 am during the night. Eighty-five species have been identified and placed into 11 tribes and 41genera. Among these 85 species, 37 are forest ones, 10 for savannah and 38 ubiquitous. Sørensen coefficient calculated is upper than 50%, which means that forest and savannah areas are similar to species level. The Shannon diversity index indicates that forest insects are more diversified than those of savannah. Sites that contain the most number of species are; Tai (24 genera and 36 species), Lamto (17 genera and 34 species), Abidjan (21 genera and 29 species), Bloléquin (18 genera and 25 species) and Bouaké (13 genera and 22 species). Genus Anoplocnemis was encountered in most sites with particular species. Key words: Ecology, insects, coreidae, coreinae, Côte d'Ivoire. INTRODUCTION Biodiversity studies in Côte d'Ivoire indicate that insect through habitats and different vegetation types. species richness is estimated to 5493 species [1]. This The study zone is covered by different type of represents 0.53% of the 1.7 million species known in the vegetation and climates which are caused by the world [1]. In term of abundance, out of the 5493 insect movements of the intertropical front transition (FIT), this species known from Côte d’Ivoire, family of Coreidae distribution permitted distinguishes four types of climate (Heteroptera) come in the third position with 745 species [12]. Each type of climate is linked to a type of plant behind the Beetles (2019 species) and Lepidoptera (1547 formation depending on the distribution of rainfall and species) [2]. Many Coreidae species are pests of crops relative humidity [13]. The means of rainfall and relative and spontaneous weeds [3] such polyphageous species humidity are decreasing from the South to the North in include Acanthocoris spp., Anoplocnemis spp., Cote d’Ivoire (Figure 1). Clavigralla spp., Cletus spp., Homeocerus spp,, Leptoglossus spp., Riptortus spp. [4-6]. Species of Coreidae are widespread. Their presence is reported in MATERIALS AND METHODS both temperate and tropical climate [7-10]. For instance the genera Cletus spp and Leptoglossus spp. occur in all Insects were captured with a net, harvesting cages and geographic regions [11]. In spite of the importance of light trap. The samplings were made 3 times a week from Coreidae particularly in agriculture, few studies have 8 am to 4 pm on the day and from 6 pm to 6 am during dealt with their distribution in Côte d’Ivoire where the night in different areas of harvesting. The data have agriculture is the basis of the economy [3]. This study been collected 52 times in each zone. Insects were provides an overview of Coreidae and their distribution collected with net in 100 m² plots previously delimited. The net was handled from left to right and from right to left on one of the surface previously chosen randomly *Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]; before being delimited. Harvests were made in each plot Tel.: (00225) 47936062/ (00225) 03488913/ (00225) 05076200. during 3 hours. Captured insects were spilled into bottles Yeboue et al. 69 Figure 1. Coreinae distribution by genera in each type of vegetation. containing cotton soaked with ether. Harvesting cages or insects in shrubs and young trees. A white cloth was set biocenometer cages hugged at about 1 m3. The on the ground under the tree or the shrub, and then the biocenometer is a metal frame covered with a white cloth. shrub was vigorously shaken. Insects that fall on the cloth The biocenometer has a sleeve like opening on one side are collected. Insects collected are brought to the from where the collector can have access to the interior laboratory for identification. Specimens are stored either and collect insects. During sampling, the biocenometer is in 70 ° alcohol or in entomological boxes. Labels on all suddenly set on the ground in such a way to avoid specimens include the sampling date, the locality and if insects escape. possible the name of the host plants on which they are The light trap is used only at night, it consists of a white been collected is mentioned for dry storage. Sampling sheet stretched vertically and illuminated by a fluorescent was also made in the vegetables farms round each town 100 watt lamp. Flying insects attracted to light at night choose for collect. land on the sheet. The insects are collected using a feather-weight forceps. The insects collected are also put Statistical Analyses in a bottle containing cotton soaked with ether. Low vegetation sampling is a method used for collecting Statistical analyses used are: 70 J Agric Biodivers Res - The coefficient of similarity and diversity of the Table 1. Specific differences of tribes and genetic diversity of population in different habitat. Coreinae in Côte d'Ivoire. - The diversity index of Shannon and Weaver in Aké [14]. - The degree of presence according to Dajoz [15] and Tribes Number of Number Genus expressed by the constant (C) which is shown below: genera of species Diversity index Mictini 15 37 2,53 p Acanthocirini 5 9 1,8 C = x 100 Dasynini 5 8 1,6 Petascelini 5 5 1 Latimbini 2 8 4 - The coefficient of similarity: The coefficient of similarity Homoeocerini 2 6 3 according to Sorensen [16] in Gounot [17] and Goné-Bi Gonocerini 2 6 3 [18] and express by the formula below was used: Deladerini 2 2 1 Hydarini 1 2 2 2c Anisoscelini 1 1 1 Cs (sØ) =———X 100 a+b %. The third group is composed of genera with 2 species - The diversity index of Shannon and Weaver [15-20]. Its (2%). The fourth group is formed by 27 genera formulation is as shown below: represented each by a single species. This group represents 32 % of the number of species collected. The N individual percentage is 0.85%. The genera of the tribe of H = - Σ Pi log2 Pi Petascelini are all represented each by a single species. i=1 Distribution of Coreinae according to vegetation type RESULTS Forest Coreinae: The researchers found 37 species belonging to 23 genera and nine tribes in forest (Table 2). Distribution of Coreinae according to taxa These insects represent 56.10% of the total number of genera and 43.52% of the species. The Tribe Mictini was The researchers collected 85 species of Coreidae the most important with 9 genera and 17 species. belonging to subfamily Coreinae with 41 genera and 11 Constant species are Mygdonia tuberculosa SIGNORET tribes. Insects of the subfamily of Coreinae collected are (1851) and Plectropoda oblongipes FABRICIUS (1803) divided into 11 tribes unequally represented. The tribe then, the accessories species in the forest are Cossutia Mictini with 15 genera is the richest species (37 species flaveola STÅL (1865), Cossutia stalii SIGNORET (1858) representing 36.58%). It is followed by the Acanthocorini, and Latimbus punctiventris SIGNORET (1858) and then the Dasynini and Petascelini with 5 genera each and they the accidental species are 33 (Table 2). Among the 23 represent 12.19% and respectively 9, 8 and 5 species. genera identified in forest, there are 17 genera that have Two genera which represent 4.88% are met in the tribes been found only in forests and 6 other genera that were of Latimbini, Homoeocerini, Gonocerini and Deladerini. found in forest and savannah. These genera include The number of species found in these tribes is 8 for Acanthocoris, Anoplocnemis, Dasynus, Homoeocerus, Latimbini 6 for Homoeocerini and Gonocerini, and then 2 Hydara and Petalocnemis. for Deladerini. The Hydarini has one genus (2.43%) and two species, and then the Anisoscelini, the Phyllomorphini Savannah Coreinae: The 10 savannah species has one genus (2.43%) and one species respectively. To belonged to contend 6 genera and 6 tribes (Table 2). appreciate the diversity of genera, the generic diversity They constituted 14.63% of the genera and 11.62% of index calculated considered the number of genera and the species collected. Among these insects, the Mictini the species that contained each tribe. Generic diversity tribe is the most represented with a single genus, index obtained vary from 1 to 4 (Table 1). Anoplocnemis and 4 species. Others tribes have one The first group in the Tribe of Mictini is represented by genera and one species except Ptyctus sp. (tribe the genus of Anoplocnemis which totaling 16 species Latimbini) from which two species were recorded. Among (19%). Then, the second group is constituted by the the 10 species of savannah, Pephricus scopsae genus of Plectropoda in the Tribe of Mictini with 7 species SCHOUTEDEN (1938), and Homoeocerus cleio LINNAVUORI (8%). the genera of Homoeocerus (Homoeocerini), (1974) are accessories species. The eight other species Cletus (Gonocerini), Latimbus and Ptyctus (Latimbini) are accidental (Anoplocnemis amalthea LINNAVUORI have respectively 5 species (6%) and the genus of (1970), Ptyctus discalis var. senoufo (YEBOUE, 2008), Acanthocoris (Acanthocorini) with 4 species represent 5 Anoplocnemis aloma LINNAVUORI (1970), A.