Safety and Tolerability of Bintrafusp Alfa, a Bifunctional Fusion Protein

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Safety and Tolerability of Bintrafusp Alfa, a Bifunctional Fusion Protein Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on April 16, 2020; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3806 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. 1 Article type: Clinical Trials: Immunotherapy 2 3 Safety and Tolerability of Bintrafusp Alfa, a Bifunctional Fusion Protein Targeting TGF-β 4 and PD-L1, in Asian Patients with Pretreated Recurrent or Refractory Gastric Cancer 5 6 Yoon-Koo Kang1*, Yung-Jue Bang2*, Shunsuke Kondo3,4, Hyun Cheol Chung5, Kei Muro6, 7 Isabelle Dussault7, Christoph Helwig8, Motonobu Osada9, Toshihiko Doi10 8 *Drs. Kang and Bang contributed equally to the study and are co-first authors 9 10 1 Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 11 Seoul, South Korea; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of 12 Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; 3 Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer 13 Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 4 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National 14 Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 5 Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei 15 University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; 6 Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, 16 Japan; 7 EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; a 17 business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; 8 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; 9 Merck 18 Biopharma, Tokyo, Japan; an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; 10 National Cancer 19 Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan 20 21 Running title: Bifunctional targeting of TGF-β and PD-L1 in GC 22 23 Corresponding author: Dr. Yung-Jue Bang; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National 24 University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Phone: 25 +82-2-2072-2390; Email: [email protected] 26 27 Conflict of interest: Y.-K. Kang reports personal fees (consulting) from Merck Serono, Inc., 28 Tokyo, Japan; an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, outside of the submitted work. 29 Y.-J. Bang reports other (consulting/advisory role) from Merck Serono, Inc. and grants (to the 30 institution for clinical trials) from Merck Serono, Inc. and GlaxoSmithKline that are all outside 31 of the submitted work. H.C. Chung reports grants, honoraria, and consulting/advisory role from 32 Merck Serono, Inc. and GlaxoSmithKline that are all outside of the submitted work. K. Muro 33 reports grants from Merck Serono, Inc. outside of the submitted work. I. Dussault is an employee 34 of EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; a 35 business of Merck KGaA. C. Helwig is an employee and stockholder of Merck KGaA. M. Osada 36 is an employee of Merck Biopharma, Tokyo, Japan; an affiliate of Merck KGaA. T. Doi reports 37 other (research funding) from Merck Serono, Inc. outside of the submitted work. S. Kondo has 38 declared no conflicts of interest. 39 40 Keywords: bintrafusp alfa, M7824, TGF-β, PD-L1, gastric cancer 41 42 Financial support: This work was supported by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, and is part 43 of an alliance between Merck KGaA and GlaxoSmithKline. Funding for a professional medical 44 writer with access to the data was provided by Merck KGaA and GlaxoSmithKline. No grant 45 number is applicable. 46 1 Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 29, 2021. © 2020 American Association for Cancer Research. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on April 16, 2020; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3806 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. 47 Notes about the manuscript: Parts of this manuscript were presented at the poster session of the 48 ESMO meeting 2018, Munich, Germany, see Annals of Oncology (2018) 29 (suppl_8): viii222- 49 viii223. 10.1093/annonc/mdy282.045 50 Clinical Cancer Research journal Submitted article requirements Abstract 250 250 References 50 46 Figures and tables 6 6 Main body 5,000 3,136 Supplementary data Permitted 3 tables; 3 figures Translational relevance 120–150 words 149 51 2 Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 29, 2021. © 2020 American Association for Cancer Research. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on April 16, 2020; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3806 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. 52 Statement of translational relevance 53 Gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers (GE/GEJC) represent a common and lethal group 54 of cancers. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors can offer therapeutic benefit, simultaneously 55 targeting multiple cancer-related pathways, such as TGF-β and PD-L1, with a single agent may 56 enhance the antitumor activity observed when targeting a single pathway individually. We report 57 results from the first phase I evaluation of a bifunctional agent targeting both TGF-β and PD-L1 58 in GC/GEJC. Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the 59 extracellular domain of the TGF-βRII receptor (a TGF-β “trap”) fused to a human IgG1 antibody 60 blocking PD-L1. In this ongoing trial, bintrafusp alfa had a manageable safety profile in Asian 61 patients with heavily pretreated advanced GC/GEJC that was consistent with previous reports for 62 this treatment in solid tumors. Additionally, an objective response rate of 16% and prolonged 63 duration of response (median, 8.7 months [range, 2.4-12.4+]) were observed with bintrafusp alfa. 3 Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 29, 2021. © 2020 American Association for Cancer Research. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on April 16, 2020; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3806 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. 64 ABSTRACT 65 Purpose: Patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC) have 66 limited treatment options after first-line therapy. Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional 67 fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the TGF-βRII receptor (a TGF-β “trap”) 68 fused to a human IgG1 antibody against programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), potentially 69 offering a new treatment approach for these patients. We report results for bintrafusp alfa in 70 GC/GEJC. 71 Experimental Design: Asian patients with recurrent GC/GEJC for whom standard therapy does 72 not exist or for whom standard therapy has failed enrolled in this expansion cohort of an ongoing 73 phase I trial and received bintrafusp alfa 1200 mg once every 2 weeks until disease progression, 74 unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. The primary objective was to assess safety/tolerability. 75 Results: By July 23, 2018, 31 heavily pretreated patients received bintrafusp alfa for a median of 76 10.1 weeks; 3 patients remained on treatment. Six patients (19%) experienced grade 3 treatment- 77 related adverse events (AEs); no grade 4 events occurred. One on-treatment death occurred 78 (sudden death); rupture of a preexisting thoracic aortic aneurysm was the suspected cause. Ten 79 patients (32%) had immune-related AEs. The confirmed objective response rate (ORR) per 80 independent review committee was 16%; disease control rate was 26%. Median duration of 81 response was 8.7 months (range 2.4–12.4+). Responses occurred irrespective of PD-L1 82 expression or microsatellite instability status and appeared to correlate with high tumor TGFB1 83 levels. 84 Conclusions: In this first evaluation in Asian patients with heavily pretreated advanced 85 GC/GEJC, bintrafusp alfa demonstrated a manageable safety profile and clinical activity. 4 Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 29, 2021. © 2020 American Association for Cancer Research. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on April 16, 2020; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3806 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. 86 INTRODUCTION 87 Gastric cancer (GC), including gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC), is the fifth most 88 common cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide (1). 89 Approximately 60% of GC cases occur in eastern Asia, which has the highest estimated mortality 90 rate for GC worldwide (1). The prognosis is often poor because GC is an aggressive disease and, 91 except in Japan and South Korea, is mostly diagnosed in advanced stages (2, 3). Many patients 92 present with metastatic disease at diagnosis, with progression-free survival (PFS) rarely 93 exceeding 6 months with most first-line chemotherapy treatments (3–5). 94 Tumor characteristics known to have prognostic or predictive importance in GC/GEJC include 95 PD-L1 expression, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, mutational load, Epstein-Barr virus 96 (EBV) infection, and immune phenotype (2, 5–9). Additionally, many recent anticancer 97 treatments focus on modulating the tumor microenvironment to prevent cancer progression (10). 98 Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a cytokine that can act in the tumor microenvironment, 99 can promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition, increase angiogenesis, and mediate tumor cell 100 transition to a more stem-like and invasive cell phenotype (11, 12). TGF-β–mediated signaling 101 can suppress immune surveillance and is associated with larger tumor volume, disease 102 progression, and reduced survival for patients with GC (11–16). 103 Currently, there is no standard third-line therapy for GC/GEJC. International treatment 104 recommendations include chemotherapy regimens, such as trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102), and 105 PD-1 inhibitors, as well as second-line treatment options that were not used in prior therapy (2, 106 5). Data from large phase II and III trials show median overall survival (OS) ranging from 5.3 to 107 6.7 months and objective response rates (ORRs) of 4% to 12% with these agents in unselected 5 Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 29, 2021. © 2020 American Association for Cancer Research.
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