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Adakların Yöneltildiği Tanrılar

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Adakların Yöneltildiği Tanrılar i T.C. SELÇUK ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ ARKEOLOJĠ ANABĠLĠM DALI KLASĠK ARKEOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI ANADOLU MEDENĠYETLERĠ MÜZESĠNDEKĠ FĠGÜRLÜ ADAK STELLERĠ IġIĞINDA ADAK VE ĠNANÇ ĠLĠġKĠSĠ Emine ARSLAN YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ DanıĢman Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mustafa YILMAZ Konya – 2014 ii T. C. SELÇUK ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Bilimsel Etik Sayfası Adı Soyadı : Emine ARSLAN Numarası : 114203011003 Ana Bilim / : ARKEOLOJĠ / KLASĠK ARKEOLOJĠ Bilim Dalı Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Öğrencinin : ANADOLU MEDENĠYETLERĠ MÜZESĠNDEKĠ Tezin Adı FĠGÜRLÜ ADAK STELLERĠ IġIĞINDA ADAK VE ĠNANÇ ĠLĠġKĠSĠ Bu tezin proje safhasından sonuçlanmasına kadarki bütün süreçlerde bilimsel etiğe ve akademik kurallara özenle riayet edildiğini, tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranıĢ ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalıĢmada baĢkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel kurallara uygun olarak atıf yapıldığını bildiririm. ) Alâaddin Keykubat Kampüsü Selçuklu 42079 KONYA Telefon : (0 332) 241 05 21-22 Faks : (0 332) 241 05 24 e-posta : [email protected] Elektronik Ağ : www.sosyalbil.selcuk.edu.tr iii T. C. SELÇUK ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yüksek Lisans Tezi Kabul Formu Adı Soyadı : Emine ARSLAN Numarası : 114203011003 Ana Bilim / : ARKEOLOJĠ / KLASĠK ARKEOLOJĠ Bilim Dalı Programı Tezli Yüksek Lisans Doktora Tez DanıĢmanı : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mustafa YILMAZ Öğrencinin : ANADOLU MEDENĠYETLERĠ MÜZESĠNDEKĠ Tezin Adı FĠGÜRLÜ ADAK STELLERĠ IġIĞINDA ADAK VE ĠNANÇ ĠLĠġKĠSĠ Yukarıda adı geçen öğrenci tarafından hazırlanan ANADOLU MEDENĠYETLERĠ MÜZESĠNDEKĠ FĠGÜRLÜ ADAK STELLERĠ IġIĞINDA ADAK VE ĠNANÇ ĠLĠġKĠSĠ baĢlıklı bu çalıĢma ……../……../…….. tarihinde yapılan savunma sınavı sonucunda oybirliği/oyçokluğu ile baĢarılı bulunarak, jürimiz tarafından yüksek lisans tezi olarak kabul edilmiĢtir. Alâaddin Keykubat Kampüsü Selçuklu 42079 KONYA Telefon : (0 332) 241 05 21-22 Faks : (0 332) 241 05 24 e-posta : [email protected] Elektronik Ağ : www.sosyalbil.selcuk.edu.tr iv ÖNSÖZ Diğer heykeltıraĢlık ürünleri gibi adak stelleri de, öğrenciliğimin ilk yıllarından beri ilgimi çekmiĢtir. Bu adak stellerinin, yaĢadığımız coğrafyada yaĢamıĢ insanlar tarafından yapılması konuyu benim için daha da çekici hale getirdi. Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesini gezerken görmüĢ olduğum ortalama 15 – 20 cm boyutlarındaki adak stelleri, farklı özellikler göstermesiyle merakımı uyandırdı. Değerli Hocam, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mustafa YILMAZ, müzeden bir konu seçmemi istediğinde hiç düĢünmeden Phrygia Adak Stellerini çalıĢmak istedim. Müze tarafından, bölgeden ele geçen ve Anadolu‟nun çeĢitli müzelerinde yer alan adak stelleri bir katalogta toplanıp yayınlanmıĢtı. Bölgeden kaynaklanan, ortalama yüz yıllık bir dönem içerisinde üretilen ve aynı özellikleri gösteren çok sayıdaki adak steliyle ilgili birçok çalıĢma yapılmıĢtı. Ben, bu stellerin yalnızca figürlü olanlarını ele alıp, insanların adak adama ihtiyaçlarını inanç iliĢkisi çerçevesinde değerlendirdim. Tez sürecinde benden yardımlarını esirgemeyen değerli hocam Prof. Dr. Ahmet Adil TIRPAN‟a, danıĢman hocam Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mustafa YILMAZ‟a, Klasik Arkeoloji Eğitimimin her aĢamasında desteklerini gördüğüm ve bende emekleri olan diğer tüm hocalarıma, Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesindeki çalıĢmalarımda yardımcı olan Nihal TIRPAN‟a, bir telefonumla bana yıllar önce hazırladığı tezini gönderen Arkeolog Pınar ASAL‟a, dualarıyla her zaman desteklerini hissettiğim annem ve babama ve öğrenciliğimin her aĢamasında manevi desteğini her zaman yanımda hissettiğim çok değerli eĢim Engin ARSLAN‟a katkılarından dolayı çok teĢekkür ederim. Ġyi ki hepinizi tanıdım. En önemlisi de, küçük oğlum Metehan ve tez aĢamasında ailemize katılan küçük kızım Bilge, iyi ki varsınız. Emine ARSLAN ANKARA, 2014 v ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER Sayfa No Bilimsel Etik Sayfası ........................................................................................... ii Tez Kabul Formu .................................................................................................. iii Önsöz / TeĢekkür ................................................................................................. iv Ġçindekiler ............................................................................................................. v Özet ...................................................................................................................... vii Summary .............................................................................................................. viii Kısaltmalar ve Simgeler Sayfası .......................................................................... ix Levhalar Listesi ..................................................................................................... x 1. GĠRĠġ .............................................................................................................. 1 2. ADAK ĠNANCI ................................................................................................... 2 2.1. Adak .............................................................................................................. 2 2.2. Adak Steli ................................................................................................. 3 2.3. Adakla Ġlgili Terimler ................................................................................... 4 2.3.1. Aparkhe ............................................................................................. 4 2.3.2. Dekate ............................................................................................... 5 2.3.3. Agalma .............................................................................................. 5 2.3.4. Anathema .......................................................................................... 5 2.3.5. Eukhe ................................................................................................ 5 2.4. Adak Adama ............................................................................................ 7 2.4.1. Çok Tanrılı Dinlerde Adak Adama .................................................. 8 2.4.2. Tek Tanrılı Dinlerde Adak Adama .................................................... 11 2.4.2.1. Ġslamiyete Göre Adak Adama ................................................. 12 2.4.2.2. Hristiyanlığa Göre Adak Adama ............................................. 13 2.4.2.3. Yahudiliğe Göre Adak Adama ................................................ 14 3. ADAK STELLERĠNĠN BULUNDUĞU BÖLGE ........................................... 15 3.1. Bölgenin AraĢtırma Tarihçesi ....................................................................... 15 3.2. Coğrafi Özellikler ve Ġklim ........................................................................... 18 3.3. Bölgenin Tarihçesi .................................................................................... 19 3.4. Kutsal Alanlar ........................................................................................... 23 4. STELLERĠN YAPILDIKLARI DÖNEM .................................................... 24 4.1. Yönetim Sistemi ........................................................................................ 24 4.2. Sosyal ve Ekonomik Durum ..................................................................... 25 4.3. Siyasi Durum ............................................................................................. 29 4.4. Dil ve Sanat ............................................................................................... 29 5. ADAK STELLERĠ .......................................................................................... 31 5.1. Malzeme, Stel Tipleri ................................................................................ 31 5.1.1. Afyon Kurudere Stelleri .................................................................... 32 5.1.2. Kütahya AltıntaĢ Stelleri ................................................................... 33 5.2. Steller Üzerinde ĠĢlenen Figürler .............................................................. 34 5.2.1. Erkek Figürleri .................................................................................. 34 5.2.2. Kadın Figürleri .................................................................................. 36 5.2.3. Çocuk Figürleri .................................................................................. 37 5.2.4. Anatomik Figürler ............................................................................. 37 5.2.5. Hayvan Figürleri ................................................................................ 38 5.2.6. Zeus Büstü Figürleri .......................................................................... 39 vi 5.2.7. Tek Örneği Olan Figürler .................................................................. 39 5.3. Steller Üzerindeki Yazıtlar ........................................................................ 40 5.4. Adakların Yöneltildiği Tanrılar................................................................. 40 5.4.1. Zeus .................................................................................................. 40 5.4.2. Zeus Alsenos ..................................................................................... 44 5.4.3. Zeus Ampeleites ................................................................................ 45 5.4.4. Zeus Ampelikos / Anpelikos ............................................................. 46 5.4.5. Zeus Orochoreites .............................................................................
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