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Chapter Notes Chapter Notes Chapter 1 Introduction D. C. Coleman, 'Naval dockyards under the Later Stuarts', Econ. Hist. Rev., 2nd series, VI (1953-4) pp. 134-155; W. Ashworth, 'Economic Aspects of Late Victorian Naval Administration', ibid. XXII (1969) pp. 491-505; R. Vesey Hamilton, Naval Administration (London, 1896). 2 H. Robinson, Britain's Post Office (London, 1953) esp. chs I-III. 3 Ibid., pp. 198-205,218-20. 4 G. M. Young and W. D. Handcock, English Historical Documents, XII(I) (London, 1956) pp. 194,248,318; P. S. Bagwell, The Transport Revolution from 1770 (London, 1974) pp. 174, 177-8. 5 B. Chubb, The Control oj Public Expenditure (Oxford, 1952) chs II and IV. 6 A. T. Peacock and J. Wiseman, The Growth oj Public Expenditure in the United Kingdom (Princeton, 1961) pp. xxi-xxv and ch. 3. 7 D. J. Payton-Smith, Oil (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1971) pp. 9-12;J. H. Clapham, An Economic History if Modern Britain, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1938) p. 276, says this was only the second or third time since Elizabeth I that the Crown had acquired shares in a joint-stock company. 8 S.J. Hurwitz, State Intervention in Great Britain (New York, 1949) Section II. 9 R. H. Tawney, 'The Abolition of Economic Controls, 1918-1921 " Econ. Hist. Rev. XIII (1943) pp. 1-30, esp. 12-19. 10 M. Bowley, Housing and the State 1919-1944 (London, 1945) Part I, esp. chs II, III and VI. 11 D. N. Chester, The Nationalisation if British Industry 1945-51 (London, 1975) p. 3. 12 H. J. Hanham, The Reformed Electoral System in Great Britain, 1832-1914 (London, 1968) pp. 25 and 35; A.J. P. Taylor, English History 1914-1945 (Oxford, 1965) pp. 115-16 and 262. 13 M. Heinemann, Britain's Coal (London, 1944) passim; B. Supple, The History oJthe British Coal Industry, Vol. 4, 1913-1946 (Oxford, 1987) chs 8 and 13. 209 210 Chapter Notes 14 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 383-7. 15 Bagwell, Transport Revolution, p. 293. Though the London Passenger Transport Board was set up by the 'national' government it had been planned by the preceding Labour government, which fell before its legislation on the subject had completed its passage through parliament. 16 Supple, British Coal Industry, Vol. 4, pp. 301-2 and 351-8. The act was also intended to increase powers to compel the amalgamation of collieries, but this aspect of it was frustrated by the outbreak of war. 17 W. K. Hancock and M. M. Gowing, British War Economy (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1949) esp. chs I, II and V; M. M. Postan, British War Production (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1952) ch. III. 18 R. S.Sayers, Financial Poliry 1939-1945 (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1956) ch. I. 19 Postan, War Production, ch. IX; W. Ashworth, Contracts and Finance (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1953) esp. chs IX, XI and XII; W. Hornby, Factories and Plant (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1958) chs III, IV, V and XIV. 20 Hancock and Gowing, War Econorrry, ch. XVI; Supple, British Coal Industry, Vol. 4, chs 11, 12 and 13 (section vi). An extreme presentation of the war as a revelation of current and preceding industrial failings (which by over-emphasis diminishes persuasion) is C. Barnett, The Audit of War (London, 1986). Part II deals with individual industries, including coal in ch. 4. The railways are not discussed. 21 L. C. B. Seaman, Post- Victorian Britain 1902-1951 (London, 1966). Chapter 46 summarises this change of public attitude very well. 22 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 2-3. The past history of proposals for nationalisation is examined at length in E. E. Barry, Nationalisation in British Politics (London, 1965). 23 R. P. Arnot, The Miners: One Union One Industry (London, 1979) p.105. 24 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 3-4; R. Kelf-Cohen, Nationalisation in Britain (2nd edn, London 1961) ch. II. 25 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 1-2 and 4-8. The section (pp. 5-7) of Let Us Face the Future which deals with public ownership is reprinted in J. F. C. Harrison, Society and Politics in England 1780-1960 (New York, 1965) pp. 450-3. Chapter Notes 211 26 R. B, McCallum and A. Readman, The British General Election of 1945 (London, 1947) p. 150 reports an opinion poll during the election period which shows only 6 per cent regarded nationalisation as one of the most important questions for discussion in the campaign, whereas 41 per cent thought housing was such a question. 27 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 1-2 and 6. 28 Chester, Nationalisation, passim, deals with this in enormous detail, A. A. Rogow, The Labour Government and British Industry 1945-1951 (Oxford, 1955), esp. ch. VIII, is much briefer and more restricted. Seaman, Post- Victorian Britain, ch. 48 summarises the basic facts. 29 These changes are set out in chapter 2 below. 30 Central Statistical Office, United Kingdom National Accounts, 1986 edn (' The CSO Blue Book') p. 115 lists all the public corporations, individually or by category (50 of them). It does not, however, specify the individual corporations comprised in certain major categories, such as Area Electricity Boards, New Town Development Corporations, Urban Development Corporations and Regional Water Authorities. It is these which take the total beyond 70. 31 Chester, Nationalisation, p. 8. 32 Further detail and discussion in chapter 2 below. 33 j. Kay, C. Mayer, and D. Thompson (eds), Privatisation and Regulation - the UK Experience (Oxford, 1986) Introduction and Part I. Chapter 2 The Sequence of Nationalisation W. Ashworth, Contracts and Finance (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1953) pp. 220-1. 2 Ibid., pp. 221-2. It is a contrast with the cost of most nationalisations that the price paid for Short Brothers was only £ 1472182. After the end of English operations the group was changed into a holding company, SB (Realisations) Ltd, which was wholly owned by the government and which in turn owned 69.5 per cent of the share capital of Short Brothers and Harland Ltd (see SC on Nationalised Industries 1967-8, The Committee's Order of Reference, HC 298, para. 90). 3 D. N. Chester, The Nationalisation if British Industry 1945-51 (London, 1975) pp. 142-3. H. A. Clegg and D. N. Chester, 'The 212 Chapter Notes North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board', Public Administration, XXXI ( 1953) pp. 213-34 reviews the early history. P. L. Payne, The Hydro (Aberdeen, 1988) gives a full account of both the origins and later activities of the Board. 4 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 27-39 traces the formation of the timetable of nationalisation. 5 Ibid, pp. 38. 6 Ibid., pp. 91-104, 240-58, 388-91; B. Supple, The History of the British Coal Industry, Vol. 4 (Oxford, 1987) pp. 628-65; W. Ashworth, The History of the British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, 1946-1982 (Oxford, 1986) pp. 20-36, 121-30. For the national- isation of the non-mining activities, see Ashworth, British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, pp. 471-80, 486-8, 508; for the changes in the organisation of opencast mining, see ibid., pp. 449-51. For the number of mines owned by the NCB and the licensing of private mines, see ibid., pp. 6, 24, 158-9; Supple, British Coal Industry, Vol. 4, pp. 636, 673-4 is slightly inaccurate on this subject. 7 Ashworth, British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, p. 28. 8 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 104-6, 260-1, 405-6, 456. 9 Ibid., pp. 453-6. 10 Ibid., pp. 106-39,261-77,391-405,665-77; P. S. Bagwell, The Transport Revolution Jrom 1770 (London, 1974) pp. 305-10; T. R. Gourvish, British Railways 1948-73 (Cambridge, 1986) pp. 24-8. II Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 140-7, 277-96, 319-29, 406-33, 656-65. 12 Ibid., pp. 147-9,296-308,329-31,433-40,677-8. 13 Ibid., pp. 149-83,308-15,440-53,678-87. 14 R. Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation 1945-1973 (London, 1973) pp.94-6. 15 Ibid., pp. 76, 78-81; Bagwell, Transport Revolution, pp. 328-40; Gourvish, Railways, pp. 137-56,307-30. 16 G. L. Reid, K. Allen and D. J. Harris, The Nationalized Fuel Industries (London, 1973) pp. 170-1; Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation, pp. 40-1, 44-7. 17 CEGB, Annual Report and Accounts 1985/86, pp. 49-52. 18 L. Hannah, Engineers, Managers and Politicians: The First Fifteen rears oj Nationalised Electricity Supply in Britain (London, 1982) pp. 171-6. 19 Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation, p. 108. 20 D. H. Aldcroft, British Transport since 1914 (Newton Abbot, 1975) pp. 269-82. 21 Reid, Allen and Harris, Fuel Industries, pp. 103-9, 117 - 25, 161; Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation, pp. 61-5. Chapter Notes 213 22 Ashworth, British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, pp. 496-9; P. johnson ( ed. ), The Structure of British Industry (London, 2nd edn, 1988) ch.2. 23 Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation, pp. 10 1-7. 24 Bagwell, Transport Revolution, pp. 350-8; Gourvish, Railways, pp.365-81. 25 Ashworth, British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, pp. 328, 482-4. 26 P. johnson (ed.), The Structure of British Industry, pp. 38-9, 43. 27 Ibid., p. 183. 28 The functions of this company (including some services to the Ministry of Defence not mentioned in previous reports) are described in British Nuclear Fuels pic, Annual Report and Accounts 1986-87, pp.
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