DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter Notes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter Notes Chapter Notes Chapter 1 Introduction D. C. Coleman, 'Naval dockyards under the Later Stuarts', Econ. Hist. Rev., 2nd series, VI (1953-4) pp. 134-155; W. Ashworth, 'Economic Aspects of Late Victorian Naval Administration', ibid. XXII (1969) pp. 491-505; R. Vesey Hamilton, Naval Administration (London, 1896). 2 H. Robinson, Britain's Post Office (London, 1953) esp. chs I-III. 3 Ibid., pp. 198-205,218-20. 4 G. M. Young and W. D. Handcock, English Historical Documents, XII(I) (London, 1956) pp. 194,248,318; P. S. Bagwell, The Transport Revolution from 1770 (London, 1974) pp. 174, 177-8. 5 B. Chubb, The Control oj Public Expenditure (Oxford, 1952) chs II and IV. 6 A. T. Peacock and J. Wiseman, The Growth oj Public Expenditure in the United Kingdom (Princeton, 1961) pp. xxi-xxv and ch. 3. 7 D. J. Payton-Smith, Oil (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1971) pp. 9-12;J. H. Clapham, An Economic History if Modern Britain, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1938) p. 276, says this was only the second or third time since Elizabeth I that the Crown had acquired shares in a joint-stock company. 8 S.J. Hurwitz, State Intervention in Great Britain (New York, 1949) Section II. 9 R. H. Tawney, 'The Abolition of Economic Controls, 1918-1921 " Econ. Hist. Rev. XIII (1943) pp. 1-30, esp. 12-19. 10 M. Bowley, Housing and the State 1919-1944 (London, 1945) Part I, esp. chs II, III and VI. 11 D. N. Chester, The Nationalisation if British Industry 1945-51 (London, 1975) p. 3. 12 H. J. Hanham, The Reformed Electoral System in Great Britain, 1832-1914 (London, 1968) pp. 25 and 35; A.J. P. Taylor, English History 1914-1945 (Oxford, 1965) pp. 115-16 and 262. 13 M. Heinemann, Britain's Coal (London, 1944) passim; B. Supple, The History oJthe British Coal Industry, Vol. 4, 1913-1946 (Oxford, 1987) chs 8 and 13. 209 210 Chapter Notes 14 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 383-7. 15 Bagwell, Transport Revolution, p. 293. Though the London Passenger Transport Board was set up by the 'national' government it had been planned by the preceding Labour government, which fell before its legislation on the subject had completed its passage through parliament. 16 Supple, British Coal Industry, Vol. 4, pp. 301-2 and 351-8. The act was also intended to increase powers to compel the amalgamation of collieries, but this aspect of it was frustrated by the outbreak of war. 17 W. K. Hancock and M. M. Gowing, British War Economy (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1949) esp. chs I, II and V; M. M. Postan, British War Production (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1952) ch. III. 18 R. S.Sayers, Financial Poliry 1939-1945 (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1956) ch. I. 19 Postan, War Production, ch. IX; W. Ashworth, Contracts and Finance (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1953) esp. chs IX, XI and XII; W. Hornby, Factories and Plant (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1958) chs III, IV, V and XIV. 20 Hancock and Gowing, War Econorrry, ch. XVI; Supple, British Coal Industry, Vol. 4, chs 11, 12 and 13 (section vi). An extreme presentation of the war as a revelation of current and preceding industrial failings (which by over-emphasis diminishes persuasion) is C. Barnett, The Audit of War (London, 1986). Part II deals with individual industries, including coal in ch. 4. The railways are not discussed. 21 L. C. B. Seaman, Post- Victorian Britain 1902-1951 (London, 1966). Chapter 46 summarises this change of public attitude very well. 22 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 2-3. The past history of proposals for nationalisation is examined at length in E. E. Barry, Nationalisation in British Politics (London, 1965). 23 R. P. Arnot, The Miners: One Union One Industry (London, 1979) p.105. 24 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 3-4; R. Kelf-Cohen, Nationalisation in Britain (2nd edn, London 1961) ch. II. 25 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 1-2 and 4-8. The section (pp. 5-7) of Let Us Face the Future which deals with public ownership is reprinted in J. F. C. Harrison, Society and Politics in England 1780-1960 (New York, 1965) pp. 450-3. Chapter Notes 211 26 R. B, McCallum and A. Readman, The British General Election of 1945 (London, 1947) p. 150 reports an opinion poll during the election period which shows only 6 per cent regarded nationalisation as one of the most important questions for discussion in the campaign, whereas 41 per cent thought housing was such a question. 27 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 1-2 and 6. 28 Chester, Nationalisation, passim, deals with this in enormous detail, A. A. Rogow, The Labour Government and British Industry 1945-1951 (Oxford, 1955), esp. ch. VIII, is much briefer and more restricted. Seaman, Post- Victorian Britain, ch. 48 summarises the basic facts. 29 These changes are set out in chapter 2 below. 30 Central Statistical Office, United Kingdom National Accounts, 1986 edn (' The CSO Blue Book') p. 115 lists all the public corporations, individually or by category (50 of them). It does not, however, specify the individual corporations comprised in certain major categories, such as Area Electricity Boards, New Town Development Corporations, Urban Development Corporations and Regional Water Authorities. It is these which take the total beyond 70. 31 Chester, Nationalisation, p. 8. 32 Further detail and discussion in chapter 2 below. 33 j. Kay, C. Mayer, and D. Thompson (eds), Privatisation and Regulation - the UK Experience (Oxford, 1986) Introduction and Part I. Chapter 2 The Sequence of Nationalisation W. Ashworth, Contracts and Finance (History of the Second World War, UK Civil Series) (London, 1953) pp. 220-1. 2 Ibid., pp. 221-2. It is a contrast with the cost of most nationalisations that the price paid for Short Brothers was only £ 1472182. After the end of English operations the group was changed into a holding company, SB (Realisations) Ltd, which was wholly owned by the government and which in turn owned 69.5 per cent of the share capital of Short Brothers and Harland Ltd (see SC on Nationalised Industries 1967-8, The Committee's Order of Reference, HC 298, para. 90). 3 D. N. Chester, The Nationalisation if British Industry 1945-51 (London, 1975) pp. 142-3. H. A. Clegg and D. N. Chester, 'The 212 Chapter Notes North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board', Public Administration, XXXI ( 1953) pp. 213-34 reviews the early history. P. L. Payne, The Hydro (Aberdeen, 1988) gives a full account of both the origins and later activities of the Board. 4 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 27-39 traces the formation of the timetable of nationalisation. 5 Ibid, pp. 38. 6 Ibid., pp. 91-104, 240-58, 388-91; B. Supple, The History of the British Coal Industry, Vol. 4 (Oxford, 1987) pp. 628-65; W. Ashworth, The History of the British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, 1946-1982 (Oxford, 1986) pp. 20-36, 121-30. For the national- isation of the non-mining activities, see Ashworth, British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, pp. 471-80, 486-8, 508; for the changes in the organisation of opencast mining, see ibid., pp. 449-51. For the number of mines owned by the NCB and the licensing of private mines, see ibid., pp. 6, 24, 158-9; Supple, British Coal Industry, Vol. 4, pp. 636, 673-4 is slightly inaccurate on this subject. 7 Ashworth, British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, p. 28. 8 Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 104-6, 260-1, 405-6, 456. 9 Ibid., pp. 453-6. 10 Ibid., pp. 106-39,261-77,391-405,665-77; P. S. Bagwell, The Transport Revolution Jrom 1770 (London, 1974) pp. 305-10; T. R. Gourvish, British Railways 1948-73 (Cambridge, 1986) pp. 24-8. II Chester, Nationalisation, pp. 140-7, 277-96, 319-29, 406-33, 656-65. 12 Ibid., pp. 147-9,296-308,329-31,433-40,677-8. 13 Ibid., pp. 149-83,308-15,440-53,678-87. 14 R. Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation 1945-1973 (London, 1973) pp.94-6. 15 Ibid., pp. 76, 78-81; Bagwell, Transport Revolution, pp. 328-40; Gourvish, Railways, pp. 137-56,307-30. 16 G. L. Reid, K. Allen and D. J. Harris, The Nationalized Fuel Industries (London, 1973) pp. 170-1; Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation, pp. 40-1, 44-7. 17 CEGB, Annual Report and Accounts 1985/86, pp. 49-52. 18 L. Hannah, Engineers, Managers and Politicians: The First Fifteen rears oj Nationalised Electricity Supply in Britain (London, 1982) pp. 171-6. 19 Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation, p. 108. 20 D. H. Aldcroft, British Transport since 1914 (Newton Abbot, 1975) pp. 269-82. 21 Reid, Allen and Harris, Fuel Industries, pp. 103-9, 117 - 25, 161; Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation, pp. 61-5. Chapter Notes 213 22 Ashworth, British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, pp. 496-9; P. johnson ( ed. ), The Structure of British Industry (London, 2nd edn, 1988) ch.2. 23 Kelf-Cohen, British Nationalisation, pp. 10 1-7. 24 Bagwell, Transport Revolution, pp. 350-8; Gourvish, Railways, pp.365-81. 25 Ashworth, British Coal Industry, Vol. 5, pp. 328, 482-4. 26 P. johnson (ed.), The Structure of British Industry, pp. 38-9, 43. 27 Ibid., p. 183. 28 The functions of this company (including some services to the Ministry of Defence not mentioned in previous reports) are described in British Nuclear Fuels pic, Annual Report and Accounts 1986-87, pp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 8. China's Electricity Sector
    8. China’s Electricity Sector Powering growth, keeping the lights on and prices down Stephen Wilson, Yufeng Yang and Jane Kuang1 Introduction and historical context Electricity is essential for both human and national development. China’s leaders—many of them engineers—have long understood this. Indeed, improved and increased electricity supply were integral to at least two of the ‘four modernisations’ in Deng Xiaoping’s landmark closing speech at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Congress on 18 August 1977. At the founding of the People’s Republic in 1949, China had just 1.85 GW of installed electricity generation capacity and a population of more than 540 million (Jowett 1984). To put this in context, 1.85 GW is less than 2,000 MW—the capacity of a typical modern large coal-fired or nuclear power plant with two units. By 1982, China’s installed power generation capacity had reached 50 GW for a population that passed the 1 billion mark in that census year (Jowlett 1984), about 800 million of whom lived in rural areas with limited or no access to electricity (Peng and Pan 2006, citing the in-depth chapter on China in IEA 2002). By 1990, according to UN data, installed generation capacity had reached 138 GW, and according to the World Bank, more than 94 per cent of the population had access to electricity. In 2011, China’s installed generation capacity passed the 1,000 GW mark, and has since overtaken the United States to become the largest power system in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • ENGINEERS, MANAGERS and POLITICIANS by the Same Author
    ENGINEERS, MANAGERS AND POLITICIANS By the same author THE RISE OF THE CORPORATE ECONOMY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT (editor) CONCENTRATION IN MODERN INDUSTRY (with 1. A. Kay) ELECTRICITY BEFORE NATIONALISATION ENGINEERS, MANAGERS AND POLITICIANS The First Fifteen Years of Nationalised Electricity Supply in Britain Leslie Hannah Research by Margaret Ackrill, Frances Bostock, Rachel Lawrence, Judy Slinn and Stephanie Zarach © The Electricity Council 1982 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982 978-0-333-22087-0 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission First published 1982 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-1-349-03448-2 ISBN 978-1-349-03446-8 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-1-349-03446-8 CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables vii Preface ix Abbreviations and Glossary xii 1 Introduction: Electricity before Nationalisation 1 PART I NATIONALISA TION: THE PROBLEMS OF TRANSITION (1947-9) 2 Citrine's Way 7 3 Meeting the Capacity Crisis 23 4 Half-price Electricity? 29 PART II RECOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT (1948-57) 5 Ministers and Mandarins 41 6 System Expansion: the Area Boards 60 7 Commercial Development: Pricing for Growth 76 8 Generation: Centralisation and Conservatism (1948-53) 94 9 Generation: the Brown Revolution (1954-7) 111 10 Labour Management under Public Ownership 123 11 Retrospect: Citrine, Self and the Management of 139 Change 12 The North of Scotland Hydro-Electric
    [Show full text]
  • UK Electricity Networks the Nature of UK Electricity Transmission and Distribution Networks in an Intermittent Renewable and Embedded Electricity Generation Future
    UK Electricity Networks The nature of UK electricity transmission and distribution networks in an intermittent renewable and embedded electricity generation future By Scott Butler Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Centre for Environmental Technology in collaboration with Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) September 2001 IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE (University of London) Centre for Environmental Technology TH Huxley School of Environment, Earth Sciences & Engineering UK Electricity Networks The nature of UK electricity transmission and distribution networks in an intermittent renewable and embedded electricity generation future. By Scott Butler A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MSc and/or the DIC September 2001 DECLARATION OF OWN WORK I declare that this thesis… UK Electricity Networks: the nature of UK electricity transmission and distribution networks in an intermittent renewable and embedded electricity generation future. Is entirely my own work and that where any material could be construed as the work of others, it is fully cited and referenced, and/or with appropriate acknowledgement given Signature: __________________________________________ Date: _______________________________________________ Name of Student: _____________________________________ Name of Supervisor: ___________________________________ Page ii Abstract UK Electricity Networks The nature of UK electricity transmission and distribution networks in an intermittent renewable and embedded electricity generation future Electricity systems have developed during the last century on the basis of large central generating units. These feed into an interconnected high voltage transmission and lower voltage distribution network. Recent developments challenge this structure. Electricity market liberalisation introduced in 1989 has had a profound impact on the nature of the UK Electricity Supply Industry (ESI).
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTH EASTERN ELECTRICITY BOARD AREA Regional and Local Electricity Systems in Britain
    DR. G.T. BLOOMFIELD Professor Emeritus, University of Guelph THE SOUTH EASTERN ELECTRICITY BOARD AREA Regional and Local Electricity Systems in Britain 1 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2 The South Eastern Electricity Board Area ..................................................................................................... 2 Constituents of the South Eastern Electricity Board Area ............................................................................ 3 Development of Electricity Supply Areas ...................................................................................................... 3 I Local Initiatives.................................................................................................................................. 8 II State Intervention ........................................................................................................................... 13 III Nationalisation ................................................................................................................................ 25 Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 Note on Sources .......................................................................................................................................... 32 CHRIST’S HOSPITAL SCHOOL Moved from the
    [Show full text]
  • Management Development and Succession in the Electricity Industry 1948 - 1998: Executive Men and Non-Executive Women
    MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUCCESSION IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY 1948 - 1998: EXECUTIVE MEN AND NON-EXECUTIVE WOMEN Margaret Nisbet A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The London School of Economics and Political Science University of London June 2001 © The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. UMI Number: U150870 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U150870 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F Abstract This thesis investigates the development and succession of British Electricity Industry executives (top managers) during the half-century from 1948, and examines the reasons why few female employees became senior managers, and none became board members. In response to the continuing need for professional engineers, the industry operated a policy of internal promotion in parallel with systematic procedures for recruiting, training, developing and promoting employees and managers. The shortage of technical trainees resulted in the recruitment of apprentices with qualifications below the required standard; together with talented manual workers who were also perceived as potential engineers.
    [Show full text]
  • An Oral History of the Electricity Supply Industry
    AN ORAL HISTORY OF THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY Scoping Study for proposed National Life Stories Project Sally Horrocks and Thomas Lean November 2011 IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NLS Scoping Study: An Oral History of the Electricity Supply Industry in the UK Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of all those consulted during the course of this study, and apologise in advance for any factual inaccuracies added or reproduced despite checking for these, and for any unintentional misunderstandings or misrepresentations of informants’ viewpoints. Comments and feedback on these are welcome. Address for correspondence: Contact Details: Dr Sally Horrocks and Dr Thomas Lean National Life Stories The British Library 96 Euston Road London NW1 2DB sally.horrocks@bl.uk ; thomas.lean@bl.uk 0207 412 7404 National Life Stories address for correspondence: Rob Perks Director National Life Stories The British Library 96 Euston Road London NW1 2DB www.bl.uk/nls Email: rob.perks@bl.uk Tel: 020 7412 7405 2 NLS Scoping Study: An Oral History of the Electricity Supply Industry in the UK Table of Contents Table of Contents....................................................................................................... 3 Definitions and Acronyms........................................................................................... 5 Key Organisations in the UK Electrical Supply Industry ............................................. 7 Section 1 - Summary and Recommendations.........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Electricity Act 1989
    Page 1 This Schedule has been prepared by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) in connection with the Energy Bill 2015-16. It is also available online at the Bills before Parliament pages on www.parliament.uk ENERGY BILL 2015-16 “KEELING” SCHEDULE This Schedule shows the Electricity Act 1989, including all previous amendments, as it would look when amended by the Energy Bill 2015-16, were the Bill to be enacted in the state in which it completed the Par- liamentary process in the House of Commons (HC Bill 128 and HL Bill 107 2015-16). It has been prepared by the DECC, using legislation.gov.uk as its primary source, checked against Lex- isNexis. Its purpose is to assist readers of the Bill and help inform debate on it. It does not form part of the Bill and has not been endorsed by Parliament. DECC March 2016 Electricity Act 1989 PART I ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Introductory 1 . 2 . [3A The principal objective and general duties of the Secretary of State and the Authority] [3B Guidance on social and environmental matters] [3C Health and safety] [3D Exceptions from sections 3A to 3C] [3E Binding decisions of the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators and of the European Com- mission] [3F Authority to consult and cooperate with other authorities] Licensing of supply etc 4 Prohibition on unlicensed supply etc [5 Exemptions from prohibition] [5A Duties of distribution exemption holders] [5B Duties of supply exemption holders] [6 Licences authorising supply, etc] [6A Procedure for licence applications] Page 2 [6B Applications
    [Show full text]