Topic: Characteristics of Homeless Youth Covenant House Institute Author Date Title Description Key Words Available Reports on longitudinal study conducted by Homeless near of Thousand Homes: Menninger Foundation in partnership with Barber, C. C., Fonagy, P., Fultz, characteristics, mental Outcomes of Homeless Youth in a Covenant House. Key findings include J., Simulinas, M. A., & Yates, 2005 health, outcomes, Crisis Shelter. American Journal of Significant improvements in housing, work, M. research Orthopsychiatry, 75 (3), 347-355. school and mental health from intake to discharge and 30 days after dc. British Columbia Ministry of Social Background Report: A Profile and Discusses background information and homelessness, Development and Economic Policy Review of Homelessness in the 2001 government policies regarding characteristics, health, Link Security, and Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, and homelessness in three Canadian provinces. mental health, policy BC Housing Management Alberta Commission. Federal testimony by Urban Institute on Understanding Homeless Youth. characteristics of homeless youth and interventions, Burt, M. R. 2007 Link Testimony from the Urban Institute. promising interventions. characteristics

Canada Mortgage and Environmental Scan on Youth Report by Canadian Government on youth Canada, 2001 Link Housing Corporation Homelessness. Report by Author. homelessness. characteristics, policy Databook describing status of youth ages 12 On the Road to Adulthood: A Databook characteristics, to 24 in the District of Columbia. Reports on Comey, J., Smith, E., & Tatian, about Teenagers and Young Adults in education, 2009 statistical indicators on well-being as well as Link P.A. the District. Report from the Urban employment, foster results from interviews with service Institute. care, mental health providers and youth. Youth Aging Out of Foster Care. Policy Brief from the University of A policy brief on the characteristics of youth characteristics, foster Courtney, M. 2005 Link Pennsylvania's Network on Transitions aging out of the foster care system. care, policy to Adulthood. Topic: Characteristics of Homeless Youth Covenant House Institute

Distinct Subgroups of Former Foster An issue brief from Chapin Hall that Courtney, M., Hook, J., & Lee, Youth During Young Adulthood: characteristics, foster 2010 discusses policy implications for former Link J. Implications for Policy and Practice. care, policy foster care youth. Issue Brief from Chapin Hall.

Homelessness and the Transition from Identifies risk and protective factors that characteristics, Dworsky, A. & Courtney, M. 2009 Foster Care to Adulthood. Child might effect the likelihood of becoming evaluation, research Welfare, 88(4), 23-56. homeless after exiting foster care.

A Comparison of Addiction and Transience among Street Youth: Los Ferguson, K. M., Jun, J., Compares measures of addiction and Angeles, California, Austin, Texas, and characteristics, mental Bender, K., Thompson, S., & 2010 transience among street youth in three St. Louis, Missouri. Journal of health, research Pollio, D. disparate urban areas. Community Mental Health, 46, 296- 307. Homeless Youth: Bibliography and Annotated bibliography with resources Resources. Report from the California covering Federal and State laws, education, Foster, L. K. 2008 characteristics, policy Link Research Bureau, California State employment, mental health housing, Library. homeless counts, and websites A Count of Homeless Youth in New Results of survey conducted in New York characteristics, Freeman, L. & Hamilton, D. 2007 York City. Report by the Empire State City of 945 youth who were homeless or at- Link research Coalition. risk for homelessness. Examines the mental health implications of Social Stigma and Homeless Youth. the social stigma placed upon homeless characteristics, mental Kidd, S. 2005 Journal of Youth and Adolescence, youth. Uses survey data from youth and Link health, research 36(3), 291-299. service providers in New York City and Toronto. Topic: Characteristics of Homeless Youth Covenant House Institute

You Have to Adapt Because You Have No Other Choice: The Stories of Strength and Resilience 208 Homeless Qualitative analysis of interviews with characteristics, Kidd, S. & Davidson, L. 2007 Youth in New York City and Toronto. homeless youth focused on resiliency. research Journal of Community Psychology, 35(2), 219-238. Social and Structural Barriers to Canada, Housing Among Street-Involved Youth Reports findings from interviews with street- Krusi, A. , Fast, D., Small, W., characteristics, health, 2010 Who Use Illicit Drugs. Health and involved youth focused on social and Wood, E., & Kerr, T. research, substance Social Care in the Community, 18(3), structural barriers to obtaining housing. abuse 282-288. Examines causal relationship and temporal sequencing of psychological disorders and characteristics, mental Pathways to Youth Homelessness. Martijn, C. & Sharpe, L. 2006 homelessness. Proposes 5 pathways to health, substance Social Science 7 Medicine, 62, 1-12. homelessness and 5 trajectories following abuse, research homelessness. Unaccompanied and Homeless Youth Review of Literature: 1995-2005. Reviews literature on youth homelessness Review from the National Center for characteristics, Moore, J. 2006 highlighting legislative, educational, and Link Homeless Education. Report from education, policy intervention-related issues. National Center for Homeless Education. Fundamental Issues to Prevent and Brief on the causes and characteristics of National Alliance to End 2006 End Youth Homelessness. Report by youth homelessness, and recommendations characteristics, policy Link Homelessness Author. for its elimination. Provides an overview of child homelessness State Report Card on Child in the United States with state-by-state National Center on Family 2009 Homelessness: America's Youngest breakdowns. Discusses indicators of child characteristics, policy Link Homelessness Outcasts. Report by Author. well-being, risk factors, and state and federal policy recommendations. Topic: Characteristics of Homeless Youth Covenant House Institute

Fact sheet on prevalence, demographics, and causal factors for homeless youth. Also Unaccompanied Youth Fast Facts. Fact highlights youth characteristics linked to National Network for Youth 2009 characteristics Link Sheet by Author. homelessness, including abuse history, mental health, sexual exploitation, health, and substance abuse.

New York City Association of State of the City's Homeless Youth Status report on homeless, runaway, and Homeless and Street-Involved 2010 characteristics, policy Link Report. Report by Authors. street-involved youth in New York City Youth Organizations

Incidence and Predictors of Onset of characteristics, mental Injection Drug Use in a San Francisco Investigates incidence of injection drug use Parriott, A. & Auerswald, C. 2009 health, research, Cohort of Homeless Youth. Substance of homeless youth. substance use Use and Misuse, 44(13), 1958-70. Alaska Foster Youth and Independent Qualitative study of independent living skills characteristics, Pope, S.M., Williams, J.R., 2005 Living Skills. Report from the program. Results of Ansell-Casey evaluation, foster Link Sirles, E. A., & Lally, E. M. University of Alaska. assessment. care, life skills Study of Canada's street youth that provides information on demographics, family Canada, Public Health Agency of Street Youth in Canada. Report by 2006 history, experience in government systems, characteristics, Link Canada Author. sexual behavior, health, and substance research abuse. Rachlis, B. S., Wood, E., Zhang, High Rates of Homelessness Among a Uses regression analysis to determine the Canada, R., Montaner, J. S. G., & Kerr, 2009 Cohort of Street-Involved Youth. prevalence and correlates of youth characteristics, Link T. Health Place, 15(1), 10–17. homelessness in Vancouver. research

Report describing youth homelessness in Youth Homelessness in Canada: The Canada and proposing solutions in the Canada, Raising the Roof 2009 Link Road to Solutions. Report by Author. following areas: prevention, emergency characteristics, policy response, and transitional housing. Topic: Characteristics of Homeless Youth Covenant House Institute

When Youth Age Out of Care: A Report Canada, Rutman, D., Hubberstey, C., on Baseline Findings. Report from the Reports on 2.5 year follow up study of youth characteristics, foster 2005 Link Barlow, A., & Brown, E. University of Victoria, Canada, School aging out of foster care in Canada. care, follow-up, of Social Work. research Smollar, J. 1999 Homeless Youth in The United States: Describes changing face of homeless youth characteristics, policy, Description and Developmental Issues. from historical perspective. It offers a social context, New Directions for Child and developmental framework for interpreting transitional living Adolescent Development, 85, 47-58. findings focused on competency, programs connectedness, and sense of control.

National Safe Place: Meeting the Invited commentary overviewing outreach Immediate Needs of Runaway and Walsh, S. & Donaldson, R. 2010 and prevention program "National Safe characteristics Link Homeless Youth. Journal of Place." Adolescence, 39(5), 437-445. foster care, Williams, J. R., Pope, S. M., Alaska Foster Care Alumni Study. 2005 Outcomes of 66 former foster care youth. characteristics, Link Sirles, E. A., and Lally, E. M. Report from the University of Alaska. education Report on youth who are not working and Wyckoff, L., Cooney, S., Disconnected Young People in New not in school. Includes recommended Djakovic, D. K., & McClanahan, 2008 York City: Crisis and Opportunity. characteristics, policy Link strategies for engaging disconnected youth W. Report from Public/Private Ventures. and improving outcomes. 2009 National Youth Risk Behavior Youth Risk Behavior 2009 Survey Overview. Report from the Report on rates of risky behavior for youth. characteristics Link Surveillance System Center for Disease Control. Canada, Changing Patterns for Street Involved Identifies needs of street-involved youth in characteristics, Youth Street Mission 2009 Link Youth. Report by Author. Toronto. education, health, mental health Topic: Empirical Research Covenant House Institute Author Date Title Description Key Words Available Reports on longitudinal study conducted by Homeless near of Thousand Homes: Menninger Foundation in partnership with Barber, C. C., Fonagy, P., characteristics, mental Outcomes of Homeless Youth in a Crisis Covenant House. Key findings include Fultz, J., Simulinas, M. A., & 2005 health, outcomes, Shelter. American Journal of Significant improvements in housing, work, Yates, M. research Orthopsychiatry, 75 (3), 347-355. school and mental health from intake to discharge and 30 days after dc. Reviews epidemiological studies of the The Health of Street Youth: A Canadian Boivin, J. F. , Roy, E., Haley, health of street youth in industrialized Canada, health, 2005 Perspective. Canadian Journal of Public N., & Galboaud du Fort, G. countries, with a special focus on Canadian research Health, 96(6), 432-437. youth. Reports on the prevalence of partner Partner Violence Among Homeless Boris, N. W., Heller, S. S., violence in a sample of 60 homeless youth mental health, 2002 Young Adults. Journal of Adolescent Shepherd, T., & Zeanah, C. H. residing in a shelter program. Tests research, trauma Health, 30, 355-363. reliability of Partner Violence Interview.

Distinct Subgroups of Former Foster An issue brief from Chapin Hall that Courtney, M., Hook, J., & Lee, Youth During Young Adulthood: foster care, policy, 2010 discusses policy implications for former Link J. Implications for Policy and Practice. research foster care youth. Issue Brief from Chapin Hall.

Study using semi-structured qualitative Affect Regulation of Homeless Youth interviews to examine functioning, quality Once in the Child Welfare System. Child foster care, mental Duval, D. & Vincent, N. 2009 of relationships, and affect regulation of and Adolescent Social Work Journal, health, research homeless youth who were in the foster care 26(2), 155-173. system.

Supporting Homeless Youth During the Transition to Adulthood: Housing-Based A paper that discussed transitional living transitional living, Dworsky, A. 2010 Independent Living Programs. The options for homeless youth. research Prevention Researcher, 17(2) Topic: Empirical Research Covenant House Institute

Homelessness and the Transition from Identifies risk and protective factors that characteristics, Dworsky, A. & Courtney, M. 2009 Foster Care to Adulthood. Child Welfare, might effect the likelihood of becoming evaluation, research 88(4), 23-56. homeless after exiting foster care. Employment Needs of Foster Youth in Focuses on labor market outcomes of foster foster care, Dworsky, A. & Havlicek, J. 2010 Illinois: Findings of the Midwest Study. care youth. Data from large-scale, employment, Link Report from Chapin Hall. longitudinal study. outcomes, research Evaluates implementation of Social Implementing a Social Enterprise employment, evidence- Enterprise Intervention (SEI) model with Intervention with Homeless, Street- based interventions, Ferguson, K.M. 2007 sample of homeless youth. SEI includes Living Youths in Los Angeles. Social evaluation, mental vocational and small business training as Work, 52 (2), 103-112. health, research well as supportive service links.

A Comparison of Addiction and Ferguson, K. M., Jun, J., Transience among Street Youth: Los Compares measures of addiction and characteristics, mental Bender, K., Thompson, S., & 2010 Angeles, California, Austin, Texas, and St. transience among street youth in three health, research Pollio, D. Louis, Missouri. Journal of Community disparate urban areas. Mental Health, 46, 296-307.

Conceptualizing Outcomes with Street- Evaluates implementation of Social living Young Adults: Grounded Theory employment, evidence- Enterprise Intervention (SEI) model with Approach to Evaluating the Social based interventions, Ferguson, K. M. & Islam, N. 2008 sample of homeless youth. SEI includes Enterprise Intervention. Qualitative evaluation, mental vocational and small business training as Social Work: Research and Practice,7(2), health, research well as supportive service links. 217-237.

Evaluates implementation of Social Feasibility Study on the Social Enterprise employment, evidence- Enterprise Intervention (SEI) model with Intervention with Homeless Youth. based interventions, Ferguson, K. M., & Xie, B. 2008 sample of homeless youth. SEI includes Link Research on Social Work Practice, 18, 5- evaluation, mental vocational and small business training as 19. health, research well as supportive service links. Topic: Empirical Research Covenant House Institute Examines the prevalence and nature of housing problems among adolescents Pathways to and from Homelessness leaving foster care because of their age. and Associated Psychosocial Outcomes Longitudinal study found that housing Fowler, P., Toro, P., & Miles, foster care, outcomes, 2009 Among Adolescents Leaving the Foster instability was related to emotional and B. research Care System. American Journal of Public behavioral problems, physical and sexual Health, 99(8), 1453-1458. victimization, criminal conviction, and high school dropout

A Count of Homeless Youth in New York Results of survey conducted in New York characteristics, Freeman, L. & Hamilton, D. 2007 City. Report by the Empire State City of 945 youth who were homeless or at- Link research Coalition. risk for homelessness. Gould, M.S., Kalafat, J., An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Outcomes Study of effectiveness of hotline crisis calls. evaluation, outcomes, Munfakh, J.L.H., & Kleinman, 2007 Part 2: Suicidal Callers. Suicide and Life- Design included follow up contact at 3 Link research M. Threatening Behavior, 37 (3), 338-352. weeks to assess outcomes.

What Works for Older Youth During the Reviews and synthesizes findings from 31 evidenced-based Transition to Adulthood: Lessons from Hadley, A., Mbwana, K., & experimental evaluations examining interventions, 2010 Experimental Evaluations of Programs Link Hair, E. impact of various intervention strategies on outcomes, program and Interventions. Report from Child youth well-being. development, research Trends.

An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Kalafat, J., Gould, M.S., Outcomes: Non-suicidal Crisis Callers. Analysis of calls and outcomes assessed via evaluation, outcomes, Munfakh, J.L . H., & 2007 Link Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, follow up contact with 49.5% callers. research Kleinman, M. 37 (3), 322-337.

Examines the mental health implications of Social Stigma and Homeless Youth. the social stigma placed upon homeless characteristics, mental Kidd, S. 2005 Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(3), youth. Uses survey data from youth and Link health, research 291-299. service providers in New York City and Toronto. Topic: Empirical Research Covenant House Institute

You Have to Adapt Because You Have No Other Choice: The Stories of Strength Qualitative analysis of interviews with characteristics, Kidd, S. & Davidson, L. 2007 and Resilience 208 Homeless Youth in homeless youth focused on resiliency. research New York City and Toronto. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(2), 219-238.

Lighthouse Independent Living Program: Study examining the characteristics and Characteristics of Youth Served and Kroner, M. & Mares, A. 2009 outcomes of youth residing in an outcomes, research Link Their Outcomes at Discharge. Children independent living program. and Youth Services Review, 31, 563-571.

Social and Structural Barriers to Housing Canada, Reports findings from interviews with Krusi, A. , Fast, D., Small, W., Among Street-Involved Youth Who Use characteristics, health, 2010 street-involved youth focused on social and Wood, E., & Kerr, T. Illicit Drugs. Health and Social Care in research, substance structural barriers to obtaining housing. the Community, 18(3), 282-288. abuse

Gould, M.S., Kalafat, J., An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Outcomes Study of effectiveness of hotline crisis calls. hotline services, Munfakh, J.L.H., and 2007 Part 2: Suicidal Callers. Suicide and Life- Design included follow up contact at 3 Link outcomes, research Kleinman, M. Threatening Behavior, 37 (3), 338-352. weeks to assess outcome.

Homelessness and Unstable Housing Marshall, B., Kerr, T., Associated with and Increased Risk of Examines role of environmental factors inc Canada, health, Shoveller, J. A., Patterson, T. 2008 HIV and STI Transmission among Street- HIV and STI transmission among street- research L., Buxton, J. A., &Wood, E. Involved Youth. Health and Place, 15(3), involved youth. 783-790.

Examines causal relationship and temporal sequencing of psychological disorders and characteristics, mental Pathways to Youth Homelessness. Social Martijn, C. & Sharpe, L. 2006 homelessness. Proposes 5 pathways to health, substance Science 7 Medicine, 62, 1-12. homelessness and 5 trajectories following abuse, research homelessness. Topic: Empirical Research Covenant House Institute Mental Health and Substance Abuse Merscham, C., Van Leeuwen, Indicators Among Homeless Youth in Report on the findings of mental health mental health, 2009 J., & McGuire, M. Denver, Colorado. Child Welfare, 88(2), evaluations of 182 homeless youth. research 93-110. Unaccompanied and Homeless Youth Review of Literature: 1995-2005. Review Review of literature on youth homelessness research, literature Moore, J. 2006 from the National Center for Homeless highlighting legislative, educational, and review, characteristics, Link Education. Report from National Center intervention-related issues. policy, education for Homeless Education.

Incidence and Predictors of Onset of characteristics, mental Injection Drug Use in a San Francisco Investigates incidence of injection drug use Parriott, A. & Auerswald, C. 2009 health, research, Cohort of Homeless Youth. Substance of homeless youth. substance use Use and Misuse, 44(13), 1958-70.

Agency-Based Tracking of Difficult-to- Evaluates most effective methods and Follow Populations: Runaway and Pollio, D. E., Thompson, S. J., protocols for tracking minor-aged, 2000 Homeless Youth Programs in St. Louis, follow-up, research & North, C. S. homeless youth after their discharge from Missouri. Community Mental Health residential services. Journal, 36(3), 247-258.

Study of Canada's street youth that provides information on demographics, Canada, Public Health Agency of Street Youth in Canada. Report by 2006 family history, experience in government characteristics, Link Canada Author. systems, sexual behavior, health, and research substance abuse. Rachlis, B. S., Wood, E., High Rates of Homelessness Among a Uses regression analysis to determine the Canada, Zhang, R., Montaner, J. S. G., 2009 Cohort of Street-Involved Youth. Health prevalence and correlates of youth characteristics, Link & Kerr, T. Place, 15(1), 10–17. homelessness in Vancouver. research When Youth Age Out of Care: A Report Canada, Rutman, D., Hubberstey, C., on Baseline Findings. Report from the Reports on 2.5 year follow up study of characteristics, foster 2005 Link Barlow, A., & Brown, E. University of Victoria, Canada, School of youth aging out of foster care in Canada. care, follow-up, Social Work. research Topic: Empirical Research Covenant House Institute

Longitudinal study examining the Solorio, M. R., Rosenthal, D., Predictors of Sexual Risk Behaviors relationship between newly homeless mental health, Milburn, N., Weiss, R., Among Newly Homeless Youth: A youth individual factors (socioeconomic, 2008 research, substance Link Batterham, P., Gandara, M., Longitudinal Study. Journal of depression, substance use) and structural abuse & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. Adolescent Health, 42(4), 401-409. factors (family, institution, non-family) with sexual risk behaviors. Adolescent Runaway Episodes: Uses RHYMIS data to examine differences Application of an Estrangement Model Thompson, S. J., & Polio, D. E. 2006 between youth (12-18) who runaway once foster care, research of Recidivism. Social Work Research, versus multiple times. 30(4), 245-251. A Qualitative Study of Early Family Uses intensive qualitative interviews of Histories and Transitions of Homeless homeless youth to examine family history mental health, Tyler, K. 2006 Link Youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, of abuse, neglect , and conflict and number research 21(10), 1385-1393. and types of transitions youth experienced. Homelessness, Children, and Youth: Reviews evidence-based insights on efforts Research in the United States and Canada, policy, Varney, D. & van Vliet, W. 2008 to combat homelessness among children Link Canada. American Behavioral Scientist, research and youth. 51(6), 715-720. With a sample of 628 homeless youth and young adults from 8 US cities, examines Where Risks and Protective Factors whether the relationship between having Operate Differently: Homeless Sexual been in custody of social services and foster care, LGBTQ Walls, N. E., Potter, C., & Van 2009 Minority Youth and Suicide Attempts. suicide attempts, and between engaging in youth, mental health, Leeuwen, J. Child and Adolescent Social Work survival sex and suicide attempts differ research Journal, 26(3), 235-257. based on sexual orientation. Implications for service provision discussed. Topic: Evaluation Covenant House Institute Author Date Title Description Key Words Available Follow-up of Youth Using Runaway Survey of 343 federal (RHYC) grantees. education, employment, Cohen, B. E. & Van Houten, T. 1991 and Homeless Youth Centers. Surveyed 127 youth 4-8 months or 12-24 Link evaluation, outcomes Report from the Urban Institute. months after at least 1 night in RHYC.

Analyzes the launch and development of The Chelsea Foyer at the the Chelsea Foyer at the Christopher site, Christopher at Five Years: Lessons a service for young people who have aged Common Ground Community in Developing Stable Housing and evaluation, outcomes, 2009 out of foster care. Assesses program Link and Good Shepherd Services Self-Sufficiency for Homeless program development objectives, successes, and financial Youth and Youth Exiting Foster setbacks during the first five years of the Care. Report from Author. site.

How Community-Based Organization Can Learn about the Needs and Strengths of Daniels, B., McClanahan, W., A case study of a non-profit that provides 2008 Disconnected Young People: evaluation Link & Djakovic, D. K. services to disconnected youth. Hudson Guild of New York City's Youth Survey Effort. Report from Public/Private Ventures.

Homelessness and the Transition Identifies risk and protective factors that characteristics, evaluation, Dworsky, A. & Courtney, M. 2009 from Foster Care to Adulthood. might effect the likelihood of becoming research Child Welfare, 88(4), 23-56. homeless after exiting foster care. Children and Youth. Harvard Evaluation Exchange 1999 Articles on strength-based evaluation. evaluation Link Family Research Project, XI (4). Evaluating Community-Based Articles on role of evaluation in Evaluation Exchange 2003 Initiatives. Harvard Family evaluation Link sustainability and youth as evaluators. Research Project, IX (3). Evaluation Methodology. Harvard Articles on outcome models, theory of cultural context, evaluation, Evaluation Exchange 2003 Link Family Research Project, XI (2). change. outcomes Topic: Evaluation Covenant House Institute

Implementing a Social Enterprise Evaluates implementation of Social employment, evidence- Intervention with Homeless, Enterprise Intervention (SEI) model with based interventions, Ferguson, K.M. 2007 Street-Living Youths in Los sample of homeless youth. SEI includes evaluation, mental health, Angeles. Social Work, 52 (2), 103- vocational and small business training as research 112. well as supportive service links.

An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Gould, M.S., Kalafat, J., Study of effectiveness of hotline crisis Outcomes Part 2: Suicidal Callers. evaluation, outcomes, Munfakh, J.L.H., & Kleinman, 2007 calls. Design included follow up contact Link Suicide and Life-Threatening research M. at 3 weeks to assess outcomes. Behavior, 37 (3), 338-352. An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Kalafat, J., Gould, M.S., Outcomes: Non-suicidal Crisis Analysis of calls and outcomes assessed evaluation, outcomes, Munfakh, J.L . H., & Kleinman, 2007 Callers. Suicide and Life- Link via follow up contact with 49.5% callers. research M. Threatening Behavior, 37 (3), 322- 337. Making the Case: Measuring the Leffert, N., Saito, R., Blyth, D. Impact of Youth Development Presents data on Search Institutes 40 1995 evaluation A., & Kroenke, C. H. Programs. Report from the Search Developmental Assets approach. Institute. McVicker, C. & Steib, S. Covenant House: From the Streets Briefly describes methodology and results to Success, Children's Voices, of Menninger evaluation conducted at 2002 November/ December, 33-38 Covenant House New York and California. evaluation

Alaska Foster Youth and Qualitative study of independent living Pope, S.M., Williams, J.R., characteristics, evaluation, 2005 Independent Living Skills. Report skills program. Results of Ansell-Casey Link Sirles, E. A., & Lally, E. M. foster care, life skills from the University of Alaska. assessment.

Developing Community-wide Series on outcome management for Urban Institute 2003 Outcome Indicators for Specific evaluation, outcomes Link nonprofits. Services. Report by Author. Topic: Evaluation Covenant House Institute

Analyzing Outcome Information: Series on outcome management for Urban Institute 2004 Getting the Most from Data. evaluation, outcomes Link nonprofits. Report from Author.

Finding Out What Happens to Series on outcome management for Urban Institute 2004 evaluation, outcomes Link Former Clients. Report by Author. nonprofits.

Key Steps in Outcome Series on outcome management for Urban Institute 2004 evaluation, outcomes Link Management. Report by Author. nonprofits. Surveying Clients about Series on outcome management for Urban Institute 2004 evaluation, outcomes Link Outcomes. Report by Author. nonprofits. Using Outcome Information: Series on outcome management for evaluation, follow up, Urban Institute 2004 Making Data Pay Off. Report by Link nonprofits. outcomes Author. Topic: Foster Care Covenant House Institute Author Date Title Description Key Words Available Improving Outcomes for Older Youth Discusses strategies for improving Casey Family Programs 2008 foster care, outcomes Link in Foster Care. Report by Author. outcomes for foster care youth. Leave No Youth Behind: Discusses 6 federally funded programs and Center for Law and Social Opportunities for Congress to Reach 2004 common challenges in effective service foster care, RHYA Link Policy Disconnected Youth. Report by provision. Author. Child Welfare League of Children in Care in Canada. Report by A summary of current issues and trends, No date foster care Link Canada Author. with recommendations for the future.

Databook describing status of youth ages On the Road to Adulthood: A characteristics, 12 to 24 in the District of Columbia. Comey, J., Smith, E., & Tatian, Databook about Teenagers and education, 2009 Reports on statistical indicators on well- Link P.A. Young Adults in the District. Report employment, foster being as well as results from interviews from the Urban Institute. care, mental health with service providers and youth. Youth Aging Out of Foster Care. Policy Brief from the University of A policy brief on the characteristics of youth characteristics, foster Courtney, M. 2005 Link Pennsylvania's Network on aging out of the foster care system. care, policy Transitions to Adulthood. Distinct Subgroups of Former Foster An issue brief from Chapin Hall that Courtney, M., Hook, J., & Lee, Youth During Young Adulthood: characteristics, foster 2010 discusses policy implications for former Link J. Implications for Policy and Practice. care, policy foster care youth. Issue Brief from Chapin Hall.

Affect Regulation of Homeless Youth Study using semi-structured qualitative Once in the Child Welfare System. interviews to examine functioning, quality foster care, mental Duval, D. & Vincent, N. 2009 Child and Adolescent Social Work of relationships, and affect regulation of health, research Journal, 26(2), 155-173. homeless youth who were in the foster care system. Topic: Foster Care Covenant House Institute

Assessing the Impact of Extending Care beyond Age 18 on An issue brief from Chapin Hal on extending Dworsky, A. 2010 Homelessness: Emerging Findings foster care, policy Link foster care for youth over 18 years of age. from the Midwest Study. Chapin Hall Issue Brief.

Employment Needs of Foster Youth Focuses on labor market outcomes of foster foster care, Dworsky, A. & Havlicek, J. 2010 in Illinois: Findings of the Midwest care youth. Data from large-scale, employment, Link Study. Report from Chapin Hall. longitudinal study. outcomes, research

Pathways to and from Homelessness and Associated Psychosocial Fowler, P., Toro, P., and Miles, Outcomes Among Adolescents Research regarding the frequency of the 2009 foster care, research B. Leaving the Foster Care System. pathway from foster care to homelessness. American Journal of Public Health, 99(8), 1453-1458.

My So-Called Emancipation: From Reports on connection between foster care Human Rights Watch 2010 Foster Care to Homelessness for emancipation and homelessness in foster care, policy Link California Youth. Report by Author. California.. Improving Outcomes for Youth in Survey, focus groups, and interviews with Canada, foster care, Transition from Care. Ontario Leslie, B. & Hare, F. 2000 28 Covenant House youth with prior education, education, Association of Children's Aid contact with Children's Aid Society. outcomes Societies Journal, 44 (3). Family Unification Program: Serving National Alliance to End Brief on the effectiveness of the Family 2009 Homeless and At-Risk Families and foster care, policy Link Homelessness Unification Program. Youth. Report by Author.

Report from conference focused on Naude, A., LeTourneau, C., & Ending Homelessness After Foster identifying cost effective solutions to foster care, program 2009 Link Falcocchio, L. Care. Report from Common Ground. prevent homelessness among people development, policy exiting foster care system. Topic: Foster Care Covenant House Institute Alaska Foster Youth and Independent Qualitative study of independent living characteristics, Pope, S.M., Williams, J.R., 2005 Living Skills. Report from the skills program. Results of Ansell-Casey evaluation, foster care, Link Sirles, E. A., & Lally, E. M. University of Alaska. assessment. life skills When Youth Age Out of Care: A Canada, Rutman, D., Hubberstey, C., Report on Baseline Findings. Report Reports on 2.5 year follow up study of characteristics, foster 2005 Link Barlow, A., & Brown, E. from the University of Victoria, youth aging out of foster care in Canada. care, follow-up, Canada, School of Social Work. research Adolescent Runaway Episodes: Uses RHYMIS data to examine differences Application of an Estrangement Thompson, S. J., & Polio, D. E. 2006 between youth (12-18) who runaway once foster care, research Model of Recidivism. Social Work versus multiple times. Research, 30(4), 245-251. Nexus of Youth Homelessness and Podcast panel discussion analyzing efficacy Urban Institute 2007 the Child Welfare system. Report by of federal policies to reduce youth foster care Link Author. homelessness. With a sample of 628 homeless youth and young adults from 8 US cities, examines Where Risks and Protective Factors whether the relationship between having Operate Differently: Homeless been in custody of social services and foster care, LGBTQ Walls, N. E., Potter, C., & Van 2009 Sexual Minority Youth and Suicide suicide attempts, and between engaging in youth, mental health, Leeuwen, J. Attempts. Child and Adolescent survival sex and suicide attempts differ research Social Work Journal, 26(3), 235-257. based on sexual orientation. Implications for service provision discussed.

Williams, J. R., Pope, S. M., Alaska Foster Care Alumni Study. education, foster care, 2005 Outcomes of 66 former foster care youth. Link Sirles, E. A.,& Lally, E. M. Report from the University of Alaska. outcomes Topic: Mental Health Covenant House Institute

Author Date Title Description Key Words Available

Reports on longitudinal study conducted Homeless Near of Thousand Homes: by Menninger Foundation in partnership Barber, C. C., Fonagy, P., Fultz, characteristics, mental Outcomes of Homeless Youth in a with Covenant House. Key findings include J., Simulinas, M. A., & Yates, 2005 health, outcomes, Crisis Shelter. American Journal of Significant improvements in housing, work, M. research Orthopsychiatry, 75 (3), 347-355. school and mental health from intake to discharge and 30 days after dc.

Reports on prevalence of partner violence Partner Violence Among Homeless Boris, N. W., Heller, S. S., in a sample of 60 homeless youth residing mental health research, 2002 Young Adults. Journal of Adolescent Shepherd, T., & Zeanah, C. H. in a shelter program. Tests reliability of trauma Health, 30, 355-363. Partner Violence Interview.

British Columbia Ministry of Social Background Report: A Profile and Discusses background information and Development and Economic Policy Review of Homelessness in the characteristics, health, 2001 government policies regarding Link Security, and Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, and mental health, policy homelessness in three Canadian provinces. BC Housing Management Alberta Commission. The Characteristics and Mental Health of Homeless Adolescents: Age and Examines the mental health issues of Cauce, A. M. 2000 Gender Differences. Journal of mental health Link homeless youth. Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8(4), 230-239.

Databook describing status of youth ages On the Road to Adulthood: A Databook characteristics, 12 to 24 in the District of Columbia. Comey, J., Smith, E., & Tatian, about Teenagers and Young Adults in education, employment, 2009 Reports on statistical indicators on well- Link P.A. the District. Report from the Urban foster care, mental being as well as results from interviews Institute. health with service providers and youth. Topic: Mental Health Covenant House Institute

Study using semi-structured qualitative Affect Regulation of Homeless Youth interviews to examine functioning, quality Once in the Child Welfare System. foster care, mental Duval, D. & Vincent, N. 2009 of relationships, and affect regulation of Child and Adolescent Social Work health, research homeless youth who were in the foster Journal, 26(2), 155-173. care system.

Evaluates implementation of Social Implementing a Social Enterprise employment, evidence- Enterprise Intervention (SEI) model with Intervention with Homeless, Street- based interventions, Ferguson, K.M. 2007 sample of homeless youth. SEI includes Living Youths in Los Angeles. Social evaluation, mental vocational and small business training as Work, 52 (2), 103-112. health, research well as supportive service links. A Comparison of Addiction and Transience among Street Youth: Los Ferguson, K. M., Jun, J., Compares measures of addiction and Angeles, California, Austin, Texas, and characteristics, mental Bender, K., Thompson, S., & 2010 transience among street youth in three St. Louis, Missouri. Journal of health, research Pollio, D. disparate urban areas. Community Mental Health, 46, 296- 307. Conceptualizing Outcomes with Street- Evaluates implementation of Social living Young Adults: Grounded Theory employment, evidence- Enterprise Intervention (SEI) model with Approach to Evaluating the Social based interventions, Ferguson, K. M. & Islam, N. 2008 sample of homeless youth. SEI includes Enterprise Intervention. Qualitative evaluation, mental vocational and small business training as Social Work: Research and health, research well as supportive service links. Practice,7(2), 217-237.

Evaluates implementation of Social Feasibility Study on the Social employment, evidence- Enterprise Intervention (SEI) model with Enterprise Intervention with Homeless based interventions, Ferguson, K. M., & Xie, B. 2008 sample of homeless youth. SEI includes Link Youth. Research on Social Work evaluation, mental vocational and small business training as Practice, 18, 5-19. health, research well as supportive service links. Topic: Mental Health Covenant House Institute

Examines the mental health implications of Social Stigma and Homeless Youth. the social stigma placed upon homeless characteristics, mental Kidd, S. 2005 Journal of Youth and Adolescence, youth. Uses survey data from youth and Link health, research 36(3), 291-299. service providers in New York City and Toronto. An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Gould, M.S., Kalafat, J., Study of effectiveness of hotline crisis calls. hotline services, mental Outcomes Part 2: Suicidal Callers. Munfakh, J.L.H., & Kleinman, 2007 Design included follow up contact at 3 health, outcomes, Link Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, M. weeks to assess outcome. research 37 (3), 338-352. Giugliano, R. J. The Systemic Neglect of New York's Recommendations for systemic changes to Young Adults with Mental Illness. better serve young adults with mental 2004 mental health Psychiatric Services, 55, 451-453. illness

Guide created to help staff and administrators working with runaway and homeless youth understand key issues Addressing Intimate Partner Violence relating to intimate partner violence (IPV). Hollywood Homeless Youth in Runaway and Homeless Youth: A mental health, program 2010 Sections include: definitions, creating Link Partnership (HYPP) Practical Guide for Service Providers. development culture of safety, conducting individual Guide by Authors. assessment, service provision, reporting requirements, and staff training. Covenant House California is a HYPP member.

Social and Structural Barriers to Reports findings from interviews with Housing Among Street-Involved Youth Canada, characteristics, Krusi, A. , Fast, D., Small, W., street-involved youth focused on social 2010 Who Use Illicit Drugs. Health and health, research, Wood, E., & Kerr, T. and structural barriers to obtaining Social Care in the Community, 18(3), substance abuse housing. 282-288. Topic: Mental Health Covenant House Institute

Examines causal relationship and temporal sequencing of psychological disorders and characteristics, mental Pathways to Youth Homelessness. Martijn, C. & Sharpe, L. 2006 homelessness. Proposes 5 pathways to health, substance abuse, Social Science 7 Medicine, 62, 1-12. homelessness and 5 trajectories following research homelessness. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Merscham, C., Van Leeuwen, Indicators Among Homeless Youth in Report on the findings of mental health 2009 mental health, research J., & McGuire, M. Denver, Colorado. Child Welfare, evaluations of 182 homeless youth. 88(2), 93-110. Provides theoretical framework for Culture and Trauma Brief - Trauma National Child Traumatic understanding relationship between mental health, program 2007 Among Homeless Youth. Report by Link Stress Network trauma and homelessness. Discusses development Author. treatment implications. Website with useful summary of research literature, logic model for building http://www. National Resource Center on Runaway and Homeless Youth and partnerships with DV providers, and mental health, program NA nrcdv.org/rh Domestic Violence Relationship Violence Toolkit overview of evaluation issues as well as development ydvtoolkit/ sample assessment tools and links to curriculum

Incidence and Predictors of Onset of characteristics, mental Injection Drug Use in a San Francisco Investigates incidence of injection drug use Parriott, A. & Auerswald, C. 2009 health, research, Cohort of Homeless Youth. Substance of homeless youth. substance use Use and Misuse, 44(13), 1958-70. Uses intensive qualitative interviews of A Qualitative Study of Early Family homeless youth to examine family history Histories and Transitions of Homeless Tyler, K. 2006 of abuse, neglect , and conflict and number mental health, research Link Youth. Journal of Interpersonal and types of transitions youth Violence, 21(10), 1385-1393. experienced. Topic: Mental Health Covenant House Institute

Longitudinal study examining the Solorio, M. R., Rosenthal, D., Predictors of Sexual Risk Behaviors relationship between newly homeless mental health, risk Milburn, N., Weiss, R., Among Newly Homeless Youth: A youth individual factors (socioeconomic, 2008 behavior, research, Link Batterham, P., Gandara, M., & Longitudinal Study. Journal of depression, substance use) and structural substance abuse Rotheram-Borus, M. J. Adolescent Health, 42(4), 401-409. factors (family, institution, non-family) with sexual risk behaviors.

mental health, U.S. Government Accounting Young Adults with Serious Mental Reports on scope of problem, 2008 education, employment, Link Office Illnesses. Report by Author. interventions, and research initiatives. government With a sample of 628 homeless youth and young adults from 8 US cities, examines Where Risks and Protective Factors whether the relationship between having Operate Differently: Homeless Sexual been in custody of social services and foster care, LGBTQ Walls, N. E., Potter, C., & Van 2009 Minority Youth and Suicide Attempts. suicide attempts, and between engaging in youth, mental health, Leeuwen, J. Child and Adolescent Social Work survival sex and suicide attempts differ research Journal, 26(3), 235-257. based on sexual orientation. Implications for service provision discussed.

Canada, characteristics, Changing Patterns for Street Involved Identifies needs of street-involved youth in Youth Street Mission 2009 education, health, Link Youth. Report by Author. Toronto. mental health Topic: Outcomes Covenant House Institute Author Date Title Description Key Words Available Reports on longitudinal study conducted by Menninger Foundation Homeless near of Thousand Homes: Barber, C. C., Fonagy, P., in partnership with Covenant House. characteristics, mental Outcomes of Homeless Youth in a Fultz, J., Simulinas, M. A., & 2005 Key findings include Significant health, outcomes, Crisis Shelter. American Journal of Yates, M. improvements in housing, work, research Orthopsychiatry, 75 (3), 347-355. school and mental health from intake to discharge and 30 days after dc.

Improving Outcomes for Older Youth Discusses strategies for improving Casey Family Programs 2008 foster care, outcomes Link in Foster Care. Report by Author. outcomes for foster care youth. Discusses the excessive monetary The Monetary Value of Saving a High- value of saving high-risk youth and Evaluation, outcome Cohen, M. 1998 Risk Youth. The Journal of provides estimates of the potential Link management, statistics Quantitative Criminology, 14(1). benefits and setbacks of such great expenditure. Survey of 343 federal (RHYC) Follow-up of Youth Using Runaway Cohen, B. E. & Van Houten, grantees. Surveyed 127 youth 4-8 education, employment, 1991 and Homeless Youth Centers. Report Link T. months or 12-24 months after at least evaluation, outcomes from the Urban Institute. 1 night in RHYC.

Analyzes the launch and development The Chelsea Foyer at the Christopher of the Chelsea Foyer at the Common Ground at Five Years: Lessons in Developing Christopher site, a service for young evaluation, outcomes, Community and Good 2009 Stable Housing and Self-Sufficiency people who have aged out of foster Link program development Shepherd Services for Homeless Youth and Youth Exiting care. Assesses program objectives, Foster Care. Report from Author. successes, and financial setbacks during the first five years of the site.

Employment Needs of Foster Youth in Focuses on labor market outcomes of foster care, employment, Dworsky, A. & Havlicek, J. 2010 Illinois: Findings of the Midwest foster care youth. Data from large- Link outcomes, research Study. Report from Chapin Hall. scale, longitudinal study. Topic: Outcomes Covenant House Institute Evaluation Methodology. Harvard Articles on outcome models, theory of outcomes, evaluation, Evaluation Exchange 2003 Link Family Research Project, XI (2). change. cultural context The Devil is in the Details: Implementing Outcome Article on challenges and practical Measurement in Faith-Based Fischer, R.L. 2003 steps to implementing outcome logic model, outcomes Link Organizations. Non-Profit measurement. Management and Research, 15(1), 25- 40. Examines the prevalence and nature of housing problems among Pathways to and from Homelessness adolescents leaving foster care and Associated Psychosocial because of their age. Longitudinal Fowler, P., Toro, P., & Miles, Outcomes Among Adolescents study found that housing instability foster care, outcomes, 2009 B. Leaving the Foster Care System. was related to emotional and research American Journal of Public Health, behavioral problems, physical and 99(8), 1453-1458. sexual victimization, criminal conviction, and high school dropout

An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Study of effectiveness of hotline crisis Gould, M.S., Kalafat, J., Outcomes Part 2: Suicidal Callers. calls. Design included follow up evaluation, outcomes, Munfakh, J.L.H., & 2007 Link Suicide and Life-Threatening contact at 3 weeks to assess research Kleinman, M. Behavior, 37 (3), 338-352. outcomes. What Works for Older Youth During Reviews and synthesizes findings from evidenced-based the Transition to Adulthood: Lessons 31 experimental evaluations Hadley, A., Mbwana, K., & interventions, outcomes, 2010 from Experimental Evaluations of examining impact of various Link Hair, E. program development, Programs and Interventions. Report intervention strategies on youth well- research from Child Trends. being.

An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Kalafat, J., Gould, M.S., Analysis of calls and outcomes Outcomes: Non-suicidal Crisis Callers. evaluation, outcomes, Munfakh, J.L.H., & 2007 assessed via follow up contact with Link Suicide and Life-Threatening research Kleinman, M. 49.5% callers. Behavior, 37 (3), 322-337. Topic: Outcomes Covenant House Institute Lighthouse Independent Living Program: Characteristics of Youth Study examining the characteristics Kroner, M. & Mares, A. 2009 Served and Their Outcomes at and outcomes of youth residing in an outcomes, research Link Discharge. Children and Youth independent living program. Services Review, 31, 563-571. Improving Outcomes for Youth in Survey, focus groups, and interviews Canada, foster care, Transition from Care. Ontario with 28 Covenant House youth with Leslie, B. & Hare, F. 2000 education, education, Association of Children's Aid Societies prior contact with Children's Aid outcomes Journal, 44 (3). Society. Examines the experience six Good Stories Aren't Enough: organizations becoming more Becoming Outcomes-Driven in outcomes-driven. Identifies practical, Miles, M. 2006 Workforce Development. Report from outcomes Link hands-on strategies to increase staff Public/Private Ventures. involvement and communication around data. Developing Community-wide Report detailing how to set outcome Urban Institute 2003 Outcome Indicators for Specific evaluation, outcomes Link targets in the social services. Services. Report by Author. Analyzing Outcome Information: Series on outcome management for Urban Institute 2004 Getting the Most from Data. Report evaluation, outcomes Link nonprofits. from Author. Finding Out What Happens to Former Series on outcome management for Urban Institute 2004 evaluation, outcomes Link Clients. Report by Author. nonprofits. Key Steps in Outcome Management. Series on outcome management for Urban Institute 2004 evaluation, outcomes Link Report by Author. nonprofits. Surveying Clients about Outcomes. Series on outcome management for Urban Institute 2004 evaluation, outcomes Link Report by Author. nonprofits. Using Outcome Information: Making Series on outcome management for evaluation, follow up, Urban Institute 2004 Link Data Pay Off. Report by Author. nonprofits. outcomes

Williams, J. R., Pope, S. M., Alaska Foster Care Alumni Study. Outcomes of 66 former foster care education, foster care, 2005 Link Sirles, E. A.,& Lally, E. M. Report from the University of Alaska. youth. outcomes Website Resources Covenant House Institute

Organization Description Key Words Website Resources include case studies on building best practices, evaluation, Bridgespan Group organizations, strategic planning, and leadership development, outcome Link leadership development management, strategic planning Resource for information of foster care. Casey Foundation foster care, life skills Link Statistics, Reports, Instruments Centers for Disease Control and Resources for conducting evaluations evaluation, logic model, outcomes, Prevention (CDC) Evaluation Working Link including manuals. theory of change Group Center for Homelessness Prevention Resources on research and funding Studies at Columbia University Mailman funding, mental health Link opportunities School of Public Health youth development, service Center for Law and Social Policy Resources on youth policy Link learning Searchable database of education-related Education Resources Information Center publications. education, employment Link (ERIC) Resource addressing how nonprofits can advocacy, communication, communicate more effectively about FrameWorks Institute applications of research, youth Link social issues development

Federal resource with section on Interagency Council on Homelessness best practices Link innovative initiatives to end homelessness A national and state-by-state effort to track status of children in the United KIDS COUNT demographics, census Link States.

Website providing information on policy, advocacy, training, and research related to advocacy, best practices, research, National Alliance to End Homelessness Link homeless youth training Website Resources Covenant House Institute

Organization Description Key Words Website Resources particularly focused on National Center for Homeless Education education-related issues. education Link at the SERVE Center Trauma-related resources. Info for best practices, mental health, National Child Traumatic Stress Network Development and Programming. Link trauma NDAS provides access to all states' child welfare and related data for the most recent years available. Users of NDAS can National Data Analysis System (NDAS) - census, demographics, juvenile develop their own tables and graphs for a Link Child Welfare League of America justice, foster care state or group of states in a single year or across years.

NREPP is a searchable database of interventions for the prevention and treatment of mental and substance use National Registry of Evidence-Based disorders. SAMHSA has developed this best practices, mental health, Link Programs and Practices (NREP) resource to help people, agencies, and substance abuse organizations implement programs and practices in their communities.

apprenticeships, best practices, Resources on evaluation of youth employment, mentoring, youth Public/ Private Ventures Link employment and mentoring programs development

Searchable database with fact sheets, best best practices, demographics, SAMHSA Homeless Resource Center Link practices, and training resources. training Website Resources Covenant House Institute

Organization Description Key Words Website Research resources on basic needs, demographics, education and youth, and census, demographics, education, United Way Poverty Research Center Link financial stability employment

Resources on developing a logic model University of Wisconsin Extension evaluation, logic model, outcomes, including manuals, presentations, and Link Program Development and Evaluation theory of change templates. Topic: Canada Covenant House Institute Author Date Title Description Key Words Available The Health of Street Youth: A Reviews epidemiological studies of the Boivin, J. F. , Roy, E., Haley, N., Canadian Perspective. Canadian health of street youth in industrialized 2005 Canada, health, research & Galboaud du Fort, G. Journal of Public Health, 96(6), countries, with a special focus on Canadian 432-437. youth. British Columbia Ministry of Background Report: A Profile and Social Development and Discusses background information and Policy Review of Homelessness in Canada, characteristics, health, Economic Security, and 2001 government policies regarding Link the Provinces of Ontario, mental health, policy BC Housing Management homelessness in three Canadian provinces. Quebec, and Alberta Commission. Canada Mortgage and Housing Environmental Scan on Youth Report by Canadian Government on youth 2001 Canada, characteristics, policy Link Corporation Homelessness. Report by Author. homelessness.

Survival Sex Work Involvement Among Street-Involved Youth Evaluates factors related to street- substance abuse, Canada, Chettier, J. et. al. 2010 Who Use Drugs in a Canadian involved youth who engage in sex work. health, sexual behavior Setting. Journal of Public Health, Oxford.

Network on Transitions to Adulthood Policy Brief: Homeless Brief comparing the experiences of Youth and the Perilous Passage Hagan, J. & McCarthy, B. 2005 homeless youth in two Canadian cities Canada, policy, social context Link to Adulthood. Report from the with differing policy approaches Network on Transitions to Adulthood.

Examines the mental health implications Social Stigma and Homeless of the social stigma placed upon homeless Canada, characteristics, mental Kidd, S. 2005 Youth. Journal of Youth and youth. Uses survey data from youth and Link health, research Adolescence, 36(3), 291-299. service providers in New York City and Toronto. Topic: Canada Covenant House Institute

Social and Structural Barriers to Reports findings from interviews with Housing Among Street-Involved Krusi, A. , Fast, D., Small, W., street-involved youth focused on social Canada, characteristics, health, 2010 Youth Who Use Illicit Drugs. Wood, E., & Kerr, T. and structural barriers to obtaining research, substance abuse Health and Social Care in the housing. Community, 18(3), 282-288.

Improving Outcomes for Youth in Survey, focus groups, and interviews with Transition from Care. Ontario Canada, foster care, education, Leslie, B. & Hare, F. 2000 28 Covenant House youth with prior Association of Children's Aid education, outcomes contact with Children's Aid Society. Societies Journal, 44 (3). Homelessness and Unstable Housing Associated with and Marshall, B., Kerr, T., Shoveller, Examines role of environmental factors inc Increased Risk of HIV and STI J. A., Patterson, T. L., Buxton, J. 2008 HIV and STI transmission among street- Canada, health, research Transmission among Street- A., &Wood, E. involved youth. Involved Youth. Health and Place, 15(3), 783-790. Study of Canada's street youth that provides information on demographics, Public Health Agency of Street Youth in Canada. Report Canada, characteristics, 2006 family history, experience in government Link Canada by Author. research systems, sexual behavior, health, and substance abuse. High Rates of Homelessness Rachlis, B. S., Wood, E., Zhang, Uses regression analysis to determine the Among a Cohort of Street- Canada, characteristics, R., Montaner, J. S. G., & Kerr, 2009 prevalence and correlates of youth Link Involved Youth. Health Place, research T. homelessness in Vancouver. 15(1), 10–17. Report describing youth homelessness in Youth Homelessness in Canada: Canada and proposing solutions in the Raising the Roof 2009 The Road to Solutions. Report by Canada, characteristics, policy Link following areas: prevention, emergency Author. response, and transitional housing. Topic: Canada Covenant House Institute

When Youth Age Out of Care: A Report on Baseline Findings. Rutman, D., Hubberstey, C., Reports on 2.5 year follow up study of Canada, characteristics, foster 2005 Report from the University of Link Barlow, A., & Brown, E. youth aging out of foster care in Canada. care, follow-up, research Victoria, Canada, School of Social Work. Homelessness, Children, and Youth: Research in the United Reviews evidence-based insights on Varney, D. & van Vliet, W. 2008 States and Canada. American efforts to combat homelessness among Canada, policy, research Link Behavioral Scientist, 51(6), 715- children and youth. 720. Changing Patterns for Street Canada, characteristics, Identifies needs of street-involved youth in Youth Street Mission 2009 Involved Youth. Report by education, health, mental Link Toronto. Author. health All Resources Covenant House Institute

Author Date Title Description Key Words Available Allen, T., DeVooght, K., & Findings from the 2007 Casey Kinship Foster Reports the findings of a survey that evaluated 2008 foster care, policy, research Link Green, R. Care Policy Study. Report from Child Trends. kinship care in the United States. Ammerman, S. D., Ensign, J., Homeless Young Adults Ages 18-24: Report discusses service barriers and strategies for Kirzner, R., Menninger, E. T., Examining Service Delivery Adaptations. addressing challenges related to health care, education, employment, health 2004 Link Tornebene, M., Warf, C. W., Report from the National Health Care for the housing, education, employment, and social support care, social support Zerger, S., & Post, P. Homeless Council. for homeless youth. Reports on longitudinal study conducted by Homeless near of Thousand Homes: Menninger Foundation in partnership with Covenant Barber, C. C., Fonagy, P., Fultz, Outcomes of Homeless Youth in a Crisis characteristics, mental health, 2005 House. Key findings include Significant J., Simulinas, M. A., & Yates, M. Shelter. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, outcomes, research improvements in housing, work, school and mental 75 (3), 347-355. health from intake to discharge and 30 days after dc. The Health of Street Youth: A Canadian Reviews epidemiological studies of the health of Boivin, J. F. , Roy, E., Haley, N., 2005 Perspective. Canadian Journal of Public street youth in industrialized countries, with a special Canada, health, research & Galboaud du Fort, G. Health, 96(6), 432-437. focus on Canadian youth. Reports on prevalence of partner violence in a Partner Violence Among Homeless Young Boris, N. W., Heller, S. S., sample of 60 homeless youth residing in a shelter 2002 Adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 355- mental health, research Sheperd, T., & Zeanah, C. H. program. Tests reliability of Partner Violence 363. Interview. British Columbia Ministry of Social Development and Background Report: A Profile and Policy Discusses background information and government Canada, characteristics, health, Economic Security, and 2001 Review of Homelessness in the Provinces of policies regarding homelessness in three Canadian Link mental health, policy BC Housing Management Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta provinces. Commission. Federal testimony on characteristics of homeless Understanding Homeless Youth. Testimony Burt, M. R. 2007 youth and promising interventions. interventions, characteristics Link from the Urban Institute. Canada Mortgage and Housing Environmental Scan on Youth Homelessness. Report by Canadian Government on youth 2001 Canada, characteristics, policy Link Corporation Report by Author. homelessness. Improving Outcomes for Older Youth in Foster Discusses strategies for improving outcomes for Casey Family Programs 2008 foster care, outcomes Link Care. Report by Author. foster care youth. Cauce, A. M., Paradise, M., The Characteristics and Mental Health of Reports findings from interviews with homeless Ginzler, J. A., Embry, L., Homeless Adolescents: Age and Gender characteristics, mental health, 2000 youth regarding residential and family histories as Link Moragn, C. J., Lohr, Y., & Differences. Journal of Emotional and research well as experiences while homeless. Theofelis, J. Behavioral Disorders, 8(4), 230-239. Leave No Youth Behind: Opportunities for Center for Law and Social Discusses 6 federally funded programs and common 2004 Congress to Reach Disconnected Youth. foster care, RHYA Link Policy challenges in effective service provision. Report by Author. All Resources Covenant House Institute

Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) Consumer Guide: A Review of Center for Social Policy 2003 Available HMIS Solutions. Report from the Review of 11 database systems. database, client information Link Department of Housing and Urban Development. Survival Sex Work Involvement Among Street- Article that evaluates factors related to street- substance abuse, Canada, Chettier, J. et. al. 2010 Involved Youth Who Use Drugs in a Canadian involved youth who engage in sex work. health, sexual behavior Setting. Journal of Public Health, Oxford. Child Welfare League of A summary of current issues and trends, with No date Children in Care in Canada. Report by Author. foster care, Canada Link Canada recommendations for the future. Follow-up of Youth Using Runaway and Survey of 343 federal (RHYC) grantees. Surveyed education, employment, Cohen, B. E. & Van Houten, T. 1991 Homeless Youth Centers. Report from the 127 youth 4-8 months or 12-24 months after at least evaluation, follow up, Link Urban Institute. 1 night in RHYC. outcomes The Monetary Value of Saving a High-Risk Frequently cited article examining whether costs of Cohen, M. 1998 Youth. The Journal of Quantitative intervention programs targeting high-risk youth policy Link Criminology, 14(1), 5-33. exceed potential lifetime economic benefits.

Databook describing status of youth ages 12 to 24 in On the Road to Adulthood: A Databook about characteristics, education, Comey, J., Smith, E., & Tatian, the District of Columbia. Reports on statistical 2009 Teenagers and Young Adults in the District. employment, foster care, Link P.A. indicators on well-being as well as results from Report from the Urban Institute. mental health interviews with service providers and youth.

The Chelsea Foyer at the Christopher at Five Analyzes the launch and development of the Chelsea Years: Lessons in Developing Stable Housing Foyer at the Christopher site, a service for young Common Ground Community evaluation, outcomes, program 2009 and Self-Sufficiency for Homeless Youth and people who have aged out of foster care. Assesses Link and Good Shepherd Services development Youth Exiting Foster Care. Report from program objectives, successes, and financial setbacks Author. during the first five years of the site.

Youth Aging Out of Foster Care. Policy Brief A policy brief on the characteristics of youth aging characteristics, foster care, Courtney, M. 2005 from the University of Pennsylvania's Network Link out of the foster care system. policy on Transitions to Adulthood. Distinct Subgroups of Former Foster Youth Courtney, M., Hook, J., & Lee, During Young Adulthood: Implications for An issue brief from Chapin Hall that discusses policy characteristics, foster care, 2010 Link J. Policy and Practice. Issue Brief from Chapin implications for former foster care youth. policy Hall. All Resources Covenant House Institute

How Community-Based Organization Can Learn about the Needs and Strengths of Daniels, B., McClanahan, W., & A case study of a non-profit that provides services to 2008 Disconnected Young People: Hudson Guild of evaluation Link Djakovic, D. K. disconnected youth. New York City's Youth Survey Effort. Report from Public/Private Ventures.

The Economic Crisis Hits Home: The Unfolding Report focuses on impact of economic downturn on Increase in Child and Youth Homelessness. Duffield, B. & Lovell, P. 2008 homelessness among students. Reports findings education Link Report from the National Association for the from survey of 1,716 school districts. Education of Homeless Children and Youth.

Affect Regulation of Homeless Youth Once in Study using semi-structured qualitative interviews to the Child Welfare System. Child and examine functioning, quality of relationships, and foster care, mental health, Duval, D. & Vincent, N. 2009 Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26(2), 155- affect regulation of homeless youth who were in the research 173. foster care system. Assessing the Impact of Extending Care beyond Age 18 on Homelessness: Emerging An issue brief from Chapin Hal on extending foster Dworsky, A. 2010 foster care, policy Link Findings from the Midwest Study. Chapin Hall care for youth over 18 years of age. Issue Brief. Supporting Homeless Youth During the Transition to Adulthood: Housing-Based Provides overview of three transitional living program development, Dworsky, A. 2010 Independent Living Programs. The Prevention program models transitional living programs Researcher, 17(2) Homelessness and the Transition from Foster Identifies risk and protective factors that might characteristics, evaluation, Dworsky, A. & Courtney, M. 2009 Care to Adulthood. Child Welfare, 88(4), 23- effect the likelihood of becoming homeless after research 56. exiting foster care. Employment Needs of Foster Youth in Illinois: Focuses on labor market outcomes of foster care foster care, employment, Dworsky, A. & Havlicek, J. 2010 Findings of the Midwest Study. Report from Link youth. Data from large-scale, longitudinal study. outcomes, research Chapin Hall. Children and Youth. Harvard Family Research Evaluation Exchange 1999 Articles on strength-based evaluation. youth development, evaluation Link Project, XI (4). Evaluating Community-Based Initiatives. Articles on role of evaluation in sustainability and Evaluation Exchange 2003 youth development, evaluation Link Harvard Family Research Project, IX (3). youth as evaluators. Evaluation Methodology. Harvard Family outcomes, evaluation, cultural Evaluation Exchange 2003 Articles on outcome models, theory of change. Link Research Project, XI (2). context Professional Development. Harvard Family Evaluation Exchange 2006 Articles on evaluating impact, engaging stakeholders. leadership development Link Research Project, XI (4). All Resources Covenant House Institute

Shaping Street-Children Organizations Across the Americas: The Influence of Political, Discusses role of historical and cultural context in Ferguson, K. M. 2004 Social, and Cultural Contexts on Covenant youth service delivery. Use case study of Covenant cultural context, policy Link House and Casa Alianza. Journal of Religion & House New York and Casa Alianza in Mexico. Spirituality in Social Work, Vol. 23(4).

Evaluates implementation of Social Enterprise Implementing a Social Enterprise Intervention employment, evidence-based Intervention (SEI) model with sample of homeless Ferguson, K.M. 2007 with Homeless, Street-Living Youths in Los interventions, evaluation, youth. SEI includes vocational and small business Angeles. Social Work, 52 (2), 103-112. mental health, research training as well as supportive service links.

A Comparison of Addiction and Transience Ferguson, K. M., Jun, J., among Street Youth: Los Angeles, California, Compares measures of addiction and transience characteristics, mental health, Bender, K., Thompson, S., & 2010 Austin, Texas, and St. Louis, Missouri. Journal among street youth in three disparate urban areas. research Pollio, D. of Community Mental Health, 46, 296-307.

Conceptualizing Outcomes with Street-living Evaluates implementation of Social Enterprise Young Adults: Grounded Theory Approach to employment, evidence-based Intervention (SEI) model with sample of homeless Ferguson, K. M. & Islam, N. 2008 Evaluating the Social Enterprise Intervention. interventions, evaluation, youth. SEI includes vocational and small business Qualitative Social Work: Research and mental health, research training as well as supportive service links. Practice,7(2), 217-237.

Innovative Programs Servicing Homeless and Ferguson, K., Sproijt-Metz, D., Street-Living Children around the World: A Based on interviews and institutional data, explores Dyrness, G. R., Miller, D. E., 2005 compilation of Best Practice Models from Los how faith-based organizations use faith and religion program development Dabir, N., and Dortzbach, K. Angeles, Mumbai, India. Urban Research to intervene with homeless youth. Publication, USC and Nairobi, Kenya.

Evaluates implementation of Social Enterprise Feasibility Study on the Social Enterprise employment, evidence-based Intervention (SEI) model with sample of homeless Ferguson, K. M., & Xie, B. 2008 Intervention with Homeless Youth. Research interventions, evaluation, Link youth. SEI includes vocational and small business on Social Work Practice, 18, 5-19. mental health, research training as well as supportive service links.

Runaway and Homeless Youth: Demographics, Overview of history of US Federal programs and Fernandes, A. L. 2007 Programs, and Emerging Issues. Report from policy Link status update with pending FY08 renewal of RHYA. the Congressional Research Service (CRS.) The Devil is in the Details: Implementing Outcome Measurement in Faith-Based Article on challenges and practical steps to Fischer, R.L. 2003 logic model, outcomes Link Organizations. Non-Profit Management and implementing outcome measurement. Research, 15(1), 25-40. All Resources Covenant House Institute

Annotated bibliography with resources covering Homeless Youth: Bibliography and Resources. Federal and State laws, education, employment, Foster, L. K. 2008 Report from the California Research Bureau, characteristics, policy Link mental health housing, homeless counts, and California State Library. websites Examines the prevalence and nature of housing Pathways to and from Homelessness and problems among adolescents leaving foster care Associated Psychosocial Outcomes Among because of their age. Longitudinal study found that foster care, outcomes, Fowler, P., Toro, P., & Miles, B. 2009 Adolescents Leaving the Foster Care System. housing instability was related to emotional and research American Journal of Public Health, 99(8), 1453-behavioral problems, physical and sexual 1458. victimization, criminal conviction, and high school dropout Results of survey conducted in New York City of 945 A Count of Homeless Youth in New York City. Freeman, L. & Hamilton, D. 2007 youth who were homeless or at-risk for characteristics, research Link Report by the Empire State Coalition. homelessness. Paper on negative stereotypes of youth and role of Strategic Frame Analysis: Reframing America’s the media in promoting these stereotypes. Includes Gilliam, F. & Bales, S. 2001 communication, policy Link Youth. Report from Frameworks Institute. recommendations on effective communication strategies for youth advocates.

Gould, M.S., Kalafat, J., An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Outcomes Part Study of effectiveness of hotline crisis calls. Design Munfakh, J.L.H., & Kleinman, 2007 2: Suicidal Callers. Suicide and Life- included follow up contact at 3 weeks to assess evaluation, outcomes, research Link M. Threatening Behavior, 37 (3), 338-352. outcomes.

Greene, J. M., Sanchez, R., Incidence and Prevalence of Homeless and ACF/ASPE contracted study of options for estimating Harris, J., Cignetti, C., Akin, D., 2003 Runaway Youth. Report from the US incidence and prevalence of homeless and runaway sampling, data collection Link & Wheeless, S. Department of Health and Human Services. youth conducted by Research Triange Institute Giugliano, R. J. The Systemic Neglect of New York's Young Recommendations for systemic changes to better 2004 Adults with Mental Illness. Psychiatic serve young adults with mental illness mental health Services, 55, 451-453.

What Works for Older Youth During the evidenced-based Reviews and synthesizes findings from 31 Hadley, A., Mbwana, K., & Hair, Transition to Adulthood: Lessons from interventions, outcomes, 2010 experimental evaluations examining impact of Link E. Experimental Evaluations of Programs and program development, various intervention strategies on youth well-being. Interventions. Report from Child Trends. research All Resources Covenant House Institute

Network on Transitions to Adulthood Policy Brief comparing the experiences of homeless youth Brief: Homeless Youth and the Perilous Hagan, J. & McCarthy, B. 2005 in two Canadian cities with differing policy Canada, policy, social context Link Passage to Adulthood. Report from the approaches Network on Transitions to Adulthood.

Guide created to help staff and administrators working with runaway and homeless youth understand key issues relating to intimate partner Addressing Intimate Partner Violence in Hollywood Homeless Youth violence (IPV). Sections include: definitions, creating mental health, program 2010 Runaway and Homeless Youth: A Practical Link Partnership (HYPP) culture of safety, conducting individual assessment, development Guide for Service Providers. Guide by Authors. service provision, reporting requirements, and staff training. Covenant House California is a HYPP member. My So-Called Emancipation: From Foster Care Reports on connection between foster care Human Rights Watch 2010 to Homelessness for California Youth. Report foster care, policy Link emancipation and homelessness in California. by Author. Kalafat, J., Gould, M.S., An Evaluation of Crisis Hotline Outcomes: Non- Analysis of calls and outcomes assessed via follow up Munfakh, J.L . H., & Kleinman, 2007 suicidal Crisis Callers. Suicide and Life- evaluation, outcomes, research Link contact with 49.5% callers. M. Threatening Behavior, 37 (3), 322-337.

Examines the mental health implications of the social Social Stigma and Homeless Youth. Journal of stigma placed upon homeless youth. Uses survey Canada, characteristics, mental Kidd, S. 2005 Link Youth and Adolescence, 36(3), 291-299. data from youth and service providers in New York health, research City and Toronto. You Have to Adapt Because You Have No Other Choice: The Stories of Strength and Qualitative analysis of interviews with homeless Kidd, S. & Davidson, L. 2007 Resilience 208 Homeless Youth in New York characteristics, research youth focused on resiliency. City and Toronto. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(2), 219-238. Lighthouse Independent Living Program: Characteristics of Youth Served and Their Study examining the characteristics and outcomes of Kroner, M. & Mares, A. 2008 outcomes, research Link Outcomes at Discharge. Children and Youth youth residing in an independent living program. Services Review, 31, 563-571. Social and Structural Barriers to Housing Reports findings from interviews with street-involved Krusi, A. , Fast, D., Small, W., Among Street-Involved Youth Who Use Illicit Canada, characteristics, health, 2010 youth focused on social and structural barriers to Wood, E., & Kerr, T. Drugs. Health and Social Care in the research, substance abuse obtaining housing. Community, 18(3), 282-288. All Resources Covenant House Institute

Making the Case: Measuring the Impact of Leffert, N., Saito, R., Blyth, D. Presents data on Search Institutes 40 Developmental 1995 Youth Development Programs. Report from evaluation A., & Kroenke, C. H. Assets approach. the Search Institute. Improving Outcomes for Youth in Transition Survey, focus groups, and interviews with 28 Canada, foster care, education, Leslie, B. & Hare, F. 2000 from Care. Ontario Association of Children's Covenant House youth with prior contact with education, outcomes Aid Societies Journal, 44 (3). Children's Aid Society.

Homelessness and Unstable Housing Marshall, B., Kerr, T., Shoveller, Associated with and Increased Risk of HIV and Examines role of environmental factors inc HIV and J. A., Patterson, T. L., Buxton, J. 2008 Canada, health, research STI Transmission among Street-Involved STI transmission among street-involved youth. A., &Wood, E. Youth. Health and Place, 15(3), 783-790. Examines causal relationship and temporal sequencing of psychological disorders and Pathways to Youth Homelessness. Social characteristics, mental health, Martijn, C. & Sharpe, L. 2006 homelessness. Proposes 5 pathways to Science 7 Medicine, 62, 1-12. substance abuse, research homelessness and 5 trajectories following homelessness. McVicker, C. & Steib, S. Covenant House: From the Streets to Success, Briefly describes methodology and results of Children's Voices, November/ December, 33- Menninger evaluation conducted at Covenant House 2002 evaluation 38 New York and California.

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Merscham, C., Van Leeuwen, Report on the findings of mental health evaluations 2009 Indicators Among Homeless Youth in Denver, mental health, research J., & McGuire, M. of 182 homeless youth. Colorado. Child Welfare, 88(2), 93-110.

Good Stories Aren't Enough: Becoming Examines the experience six organizations becoming Outcomes-Driven in Workforce Development. more outcomes-driven. Identifies practical, hands-on Miles, M. 2006 outcomes Link Report from Public/Private Ventures. strategies to increase staff involvement and communication around data. Unaccompanied and Homeless Youth Review of Literature: 1995-2005. Review from the Reviews literature on youth homelessness characteristics, education, Moore, J. 2006 National Center for Homeless Education. highlighting legislative, educational, and intervention- Link policy Report from National Center for Homeless related issues. Education. Family Unification Program: Serving Homeless National Alliance to End Brief on the effectiveness of the Family Unification 2009 and At-Risk Families and Youth. Report by foster care, policy Link Homelessness Program. Author. All Resources Covenant House Institute

Ending Youth Homelessness Before It Begins: National Alliance to End Brief on opportunities to prevent youth 2009 Prevention and Early Intervention Services for policy Link Homelessness homelessness. Older Adolescents. Report by Author. Brief on the causes and characteristics of youth National Alliance to End Fundamental Issues to Prevent and End Youth 2006 homelessness, and recommendations for its characteristics, policy Link Homelessness Homelessness. Report by Author. elimination. National Alliance to End Housing for Homeless Youth. Report by 2009 Brief on homeless youth housing models. policy Link Homelessness Author. Provides an overview of child homelessness in the State Report Card on Child Homelessness: National Center on Family United States with state-by-state breakdowns. 2009 America's Youngest Outcasts. Report by characteristics, policy Link Homelessness Discusses indicators of child well-being, risk factors, Author. and state and federal policy recommendations.

Provides theoretical framework for understanding National Child Traumatic Stress Culture and Trauma Brief - Trauma Among mental health, program 2007 relationship between trauma and homelessness. Link Network Homeless Youth. Report by Author. development Discusses treatment implications.

Reviews research regarding the involvement of Best practices, evaluation, Homeless Youth and Sexual Exploitation: homeless youth in sexual exploitation including National Coalition to End victimization, sexual 2009 Research Findings and Practice Implications. survival sex and recruitment into the commercial sex Link Homelessness exploitation, youth Report by Author. industry and recommends a battery of development programmatic responses to meet their needs.

Fact sheet on prevalence, demographics, and causal factors for homeless youth. Also highlights youth Unaccompanied Youth Fast Facts. Fact Sheet National Network for Youth 2009 characteristics linked to homelessness, including characteristics Link by Author. abuse history, mental health, sexual exploitation, health, and substance abuse. Website with useful summary of research literature, logic model for building partnerships with DV National Resource Center on Runaway and Homeless Youth and mental health, program NA providers, and overview of evaluation issues as well Link Domestic Violence Relationship Violence Toolkit development as sample assessment tools and links to curriculum

Report from conference focused on identifying cost Naude, A., LeTourneau, C., & Ending Homelessness After Foster Care. foster care, program 2009 effective solutions to prevent homelessness among Link Falcocchio, L. Report from Common Ground. development, policy people exiting foster care system. All Resources Covenant House Institute

New York City Association of State of the City's Homeless Youth Report. Status report on homeless, runaway, and street- Homeless and Street-Involved 2010 characteristics, policy Link Report by Authors. involved youth in New York City Youth Organizations Incidence and Predictors of Onset of Injection Drug Use in a San Francisco Cohort of Investigates incidence of injection drug use of characteristics, mental health, Parriott, A. & Auerswald, C. 2009 Homeless Youth. Substance Use and Misuse, homeless youth. research, substance use 44(13), 1958-70. Agency-Based Tracking of Difficult-to-Follow Evaluates most effective methods and protocols for Pollio, D. E., Thompson, S. J., & Populations: Runaway and Homeless Youth 2000 tracking minor-aged, homeless youth after their follow-up, research North, C. S. Programs in St. Louis, Missouri. Community discharge from residential services. Mental Health Journal, 36(3), 247-258.

Pope, S.M., Williams, J.R., Alaska Foster Youth and Independent Living Qualitative study of independent living skills characteristics, evaluation, 2005 Link Sirles, E. A., & Lally, E. M. Skills. Report from the University of Alaska. program. Results of Ansell-Casey assessment. foster care, life skills Study of Canada's street youth that provides Public Health Agency of information on demographics, family history, Canada, characteristics, 2006 Street Youth in Canada. Report by Author. Link Canada experience in government systems, sexual behavior, research health, and substance abuse. High Rates of Homelessness Among a Cohort Rachlis, B. S., Wood, E., Zhang, Uses regression analysis to determine the prevalence Canada, characteristics, 2009 of Street-Involved Youth. Health Place, 15(1), Link R., Montaner, J. S. G., & Kerr, T. and correlates of youth homelessness in Vancouver. research 10–17. Report describing youth homelessness in Canada Youth Homelessness in Canada: The Road to and proposing solutions in the following areas: Raising the Roof 2009 Canada, characteristics, policy Link Solutions. Report by Author. prevention, emergency response, and transitional housing. When Youth Age Out of Care: A Report on Rutman, D., Hubberstey, C., Reports on 2.5 year follow up study of youth aging Canada, characteristics, foster 2005 Baseline Findings. Report from the University Link Barlow, A., & Brown, E. out of foster care in Canada. care, follow-up, research of Victoria, Canada, School of Social Work. Smollar, J. 1999 Homeless Youth in The United States: Describes changing face of homeless youth from characteristics, policy, social Description and Developmental Issues. New historical perspective. It offers a developmental context, transitional living Directions for Child and Adolescent framework for interpreting findings focused on programs Development, 85, 47-58. competency, connectedness, and sense of control. All Resources Covenant House Institute

Longitudinal study examining the relationship Solorio, M. R., Rosenthal, D., Predictors of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among between newly homeless youth individual factors Milburn, N., Weiss, R., mental health, research, 2008 Newly Homeless Youth: A Longitudinal Study. (socioeconomic, depression, substance use) and Link Batterham, P., Gandara, M., & substance abuse Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(4), 401-409. structural factors (family, institution, non-family) Rotheram-Borus, M. J. with sexual risk behaviors. Health Services for Homeless Adolescents. Steele, R., Ramgoolam, A., & 2003 Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Findings from a broad-spectrum health intervention. health, substance abuse Link Evans, J. 14(1), 38-42. Adolescent Runaway Episodes: Application of Uses RHYMIS data to examine differences between Thompson, S. J. & Polio, D. E. 2006 an Estrangement Model of Recidivism. Social youth (12-18) who runaway once versus multiple foster care, research Work Research, 30(4), 245-251. times. Uses intensive qualitative interviews of homeless A Qualitative Study of Early Family Histories youth to examine family history of abuse, neglect , Tyler, K. 2006 and Transitions of Homeless Youth. Journal of mental health, research Link and conflict and number and types of transitions Interpersonal Violence, 21(10), 1385-1393. youth experienced. Developing Community-wide Outcome The Urban Institute 2003 Indicators for Specific Services. Report by Series on outcome management for nonprofits. evaluation, outcomes Link Author. Analyzing Outcome Information: Getting the The Urban Institute 2004 Series on outcome management for nonprofits. evaluation, outcomes Link Most from Data. Report by Author. Finding Out What Happens to Former Clients. The Urban Institute 2004 Series on outcome management for nonprofits. evaluation, outcomes Link Report by Author. Key Steps in Outcome Management. Report The Urban Institute 2004 Series on outcome management for nonprofits. evaluation, outcomes Link by Author. Surveying Clients about Outcomes. Report by The Urban Institute 2004 Series on outcome management for nonprofits. evaluation, outcomes Link Author. Using Outcome Information: Making Data Pay The Urban Institute 2004 Series on outcome management for nonprofits. evaluation, outcomes Link Off. Report by Author. Nexus of Youth Homelessness and the Child Podcast panel discussion analyzing efficacy of federal The Urban Institute 2007 foster care Link Welfare system. Report by Author. policies to reduce youth homelessness.

Homelessness, Children, and Youth: Research Reviews evidence-based insights on efforts to Varney, D. & van Vliet, W. 2008 in the United States and Canada. American Canada, policy, research Link combat homelessness among children and youth. Behavioral Scientist, 51(6), 715-720. All Resources Covenant House Institute

With a sample of 628 homeless youth and young adults from 8 US cities, examines whether the Where Risks and Protective Factors Operate relationship between having been in custody of Walls, N. E., Potter, C., & Van Differently: Homeless Sexual Minority Youth social services and suicide attempts, and between foster care, LGBTQ youth, 2009 Leeuwen, J. and Suicide Attempts. Child and Adolescent engaging in survival sex and suicide attempts differ mental health, research Social Work Journal, 26(3), 235-257. based on sexual orientation. Implications for service provision discussed.

National Safe Place: Meeting the Immediate Invited commentary overviewing outreach and Walsh, S. & Donaldson, R. 2010 Needs of Runaway and Homeless Youth. characteristics Link prevention program "National Safe Place." Journal of Adolescence, 39(5), 437-445. Report on analysis of 22 emergency and transitional Homeless Shelters and Programs: Analysis of living programs . Provides detail on operational databases, program Ward Family Foundation 2002 Benchmarks and Best Practices. Report by Link issues including staffing, budgeting, and data development Author. management. Williams, J. R., Pope, S. M., Alaska Foster Care Alumni Study. Report from education, foster care, 2005 Outcomes of 66 former foster care youth. Link Sirles, E. A.,& Lally, E. M. the University of Alaska. outcomes Report on youth who are not working and not in Wyckoff, L., Cooney, S., Disconnected Young People in New York City: school. Includes recommended strategies for Djakovic, D. K., & McClanahan, 2008 Crisis and Opportunity. Report from characteristics, policy Link engaging disconnected youth and improving W. Public/Private Ventures. outcomes. 2009 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey Youth Risk Behavior 2009 Overview. Report from the Center for Disease Report on rates of risky behavior for youth. characteristics Link Surveillance System Control. Canada, characteristics, Changing Patterns for Street Involved Youth. Youth Street Mission 2009 Identifies needs of street-involved youth in Toronto. education, health, mental Link Report by Author. health