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Core 1..44 Committee (PRISM::Advent3b2 9.00) House of Commons CANADA Standing Committee on National Defence NDDN Ï NUMBER 031 Ï 1st SESSION Ï 39th PARLIAMENT EVIDENCE Tuesday, January 30, 2007 Chair Mr. Rick Casson Also available on the Parliament of Canada Web Site at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 1 Standing Committee on National Defence Tuesday, January 30, 2007 Ï (0905) committee. The issue of women's rights will shed light on the issue [English] of security as regards women's rights in Afghanistan. The Chair (Mr. Rick Casson (Lethbridge, CPC)): Ladies and gentlemen, we'll call the meeting to order. This is our thirty-first meeting in our study on Canadian Forces in The rights of women in Afghanistan are a way of measuring the Afghanistan, and I believe it's our last scheduled meeting, so our progress made with respect to the promises made to Afghans when witnesses should know that we saved the best to the last. the international community was developing its foreign policies in We welcome you. We're glad you were able to fit us into your 2001 regarding Afghanistan and when the war against terrorism was obviously busy schedules. We appreciate the work that the clerk and getting underway. Women's rights are also a way of measuring others had to do to bring this together. progress in the promises made regarding equality, the militarization of peace and efforts to combat poverty in this era of the Millennium We would like to welcome, from the Afghan Women's Organiza- development goals. Women's rights in Afghanistan also lead us to tion, Adeena Niazi; from Rights and Democracy, Ariane Brunet, ask questions about the type of security we choose to favour, about coordinator; and from Open Society Institute, Rina Amiri. The other the type women first and the Afghan population generally are calling person at the table is there for moral support for Rina; she is not for, and the type of security required by a state of law, an effort to really a witness. rebuild and develop the country. Also today, besides this subject, we have a notice of motion from Mr. Cannis that we'd like to deal with at the end of the meeting, if that is all right with you, Mr. Cannis. Mr. John Cannis (Scarborough Centre, Lib.): Why don't we All the reports that have come out in the past six months are clear: just postpone it and address it in future business? if there was a glimmer of hope in 2002 and 2003, if basic principles were enshrined both in the Afghan Constitution and in various The Chair: Okay. programs established by the Afghan government, the international community and the NGOs, the deterioration of the tenuous relative What Mr. Cannis is suggesting is that we postpone this. We are security that had existed until then meant that violence against going to have a meeting on Thursday to deal with future business. Is women assumed endemic proportions. Women's rights are, and for that all right? the time being, will remain something that is merely talked about. Okay. So all we're going to deal with today is the witnesses. We'll deal with the motion on Thursday. Thank you, John. What are we talking about here? The vast majority of Afghans do You'll have to choose who goes first, but the usual process is for not enjoy such basic rights as access to water, food and housing. The each of you to have an opportunity to make some comments; then shortage of electricity in cities such as Kabul remains a major we open it up to a round of questioning. We have two hours allotted, problem. Last year, the per capita income of households was $13. until 11, and we try to finish on time because most of us have other There are no statistics, but everyone will tell you that unemployment duties to perform afterwards. is one of the significant factors feeding conflicts, war lord militias, drug trafficking and other types of criminal activities. The lack of Whoever wants to start, please go ahead, and then take whatever infrastructure, the lack of jobs, a dysfunctional security system, the time you need to make your presentations. Then we'll open it up for military concentration of the international community, whose first questioning. Thank you. objective is to fight terrorism, the lack of a policy regarding support Madame Brunet. for the Taliban by Pakistan, the lack of coordination by the international community in the area of development and reconstruc- [Translation] tion—all of this combines to mean that women's rights are and Ms. Ariane Brunet (Coordinator, Women's Rights, Rights and remain the least important priority. And yet, women and children Democracy): Thank you for your invitation to appear before the account for 71% of the population and the average age is 18. 2 NDDN-31 January 30, 2007 Ï (0910) of bride money causes girls to be seen as valuable assets that are exchangeable for money and goods. [English] In the 20th century, Afghani women have seen many attempts at modernization that have been structured around advances for formal At its 50th session in March 2006, the UN Commission on the rights for women. Each time, the reforms are accompanied by an Status of Women noted, and I quote: ultra-conservative backlash. Women have been the bartering chip in the constant battle in the complex dispute over power throughout the ...kidnapping, forced seclusion, so-called honour killings, and the exchange of 27 years of war in Afghanistan. girls and women for debt or feud...continued to be a major part of women’s and girls’ lives in Afghanistan and remained one of the pervasive barriers to women’s Today women have also been the subject of harsh turf battles, as empowerment and gender equality. The lack of adequate support and responses to certain forces in Afghanistan see women's rights as part of the women victims of violence has been linked to the high rate of incidents of self- westernization that the massive presence of the international immolation...during 2005. Women are often discouraged or forbidden from pursuing activities outside the home.... Cases of forced prostitution and trafficking community is bringing to the country. The continued rise of violence among foreign women and Afghan women and children were also reported.... against women in the past five years has to do with the extreme level of stress the population is under and the profound deception of people who are confronted with a warped and distorted peace Qais Bawari, acting head of the Afghan Independent Human process that benefits the prolonged war on terrorism. Rights Commission for the southern region, based in Kandahar, said that they received 69 cases of self-immolation and murders from As they saw UNAMA's compound being built and the ISAF Helmand and Kandahar provinces in 2006 alone. coming to protect the capital, Afghanis recognized that the international forces were making a valuable contribution to the rebuilding of a central state and were protecting the people from a Ï (0915) renewed civil war. Afghanis were expecting a protective social mechanism to be put in place, as well as measures to start eradicating poverty, but security wasn't really happening in the sense in which As reported by IRIN, the UN news service, Qais Bawari added Afghanis needed it. Women hoped for general law enforcement, and that several “were related to marriages in exchange for drugs”. IRIN most Afghanis remain particularly concerned by the illegal also mentioned that the “head of the women's affairs department in occupation of land and houses by gunmen and their supporters. In Helmand, Fawzai Ulomi, said more than 20 women and girls had rural areas, women hope to see a stop to constant threats from local committed suicide over the past 10 months—most of them had been armed factional groups, drug networks, and other smuggling groups. handed over to dealers instead of drugs, or to settle family disputes”. In the spring of 2005, the report of the UN independent expert on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan, Mr. Cherif Bassiouni, The Taliban and other militias continue to use death threats and documented illegal arrests and torture and the death of Afghanis held physical attacks to intimidate women, particularly those working by U.S. forces in Afghanistan. At the same time, counterterrorist within the NGO community. Finally, as mentioned in Human Rights operations claimed more and more civilian victims. In May of 2005, Watch World Report 2007, insurgents have carried out hundreds of Washington announced it would institutionalize its military presence. attacks against teachers, students, and schools. More than 200,000 A year before, the Human Rights Research and Advocacy students attending school in 2005 have been deprived of an Consortium, a consortium of six Afghani NGOs and six international education in 2006. If a large number of girls went to school NGOs whose role is to survey the Afghan population twice a year on immediately after the fall of the Taliban, Human Rights Watch issues of civil and political rights, security, and economy, produced estimates that only 35% of school-age girls were in school in 2006. its second survey. It indicated that security was a pressing issue. Girls' schools have been directly targeted. Rights and Democracy is a member of this consortium. Security, in the minds of people, meant taking the guns away from militias and warlords, effective disarmament, and an increase in the national and The intensive organization of Afghanistan around the need for international security prisons to keep the peace and the threatened security, not only for itself but also for regional and international rule of law.
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