"Verderben, Verführen, Verwüsten, Bestechen" : Literatur Und Korruption Um 1800

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JAN SÖHLKE »VERDERBEN, VERFÜHREN, VERWÜSTEN, BESTECHEN« LITERATUR UND KORRUPTION UM 1800 Söhlke: »verderben, verführen, verwüsten, bestechen« Jan Söhlke »verderben, verführen, verwüsten, bestechen« Literatur und Korruption um 1800 2017 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen National- bibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-936533-81-1 © Jan Söhlke, 2017. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Dissertation, 2016 angenommen von der Fakultät für Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Umschlagillustration: Marianne Vlaschits, www.mariannevlaschits.com Gesetzt aus Libertine und TeX Gyre Adventor, 11 pt Druck und Bindung: UniPrint, Universität Siegen Siegen 2017: universi – Universitätsverlag Siegen, www.uni-siegen.de/universi 18: Korruption in der Literaturgeschichte 11 PRÄLUDIUM 13 Tango Korrupti 32: Ansatz . 33 Triangulierung I. 34 Triangulierung II. 35: Methode . 36 Systemtheorie. 37 Spieltheorie. 38 Begriffsgeschichte. 40 Narratologie, Close Reading. 48: »21« . 48 Alterität. 51 Verkomplizierungen. 56 Erweiterung des Feldes. 58 Auswege. 64 Inventur. 69 Moral. 70 Kontingenz. 47 Korruption semantisch: »21/18« 71: »18« . .73 Naturphilosophisch. 76 Textuell. 77 Moralisch. 80 Politisch-theologisch. 87: Vormoderne, Moderne 45 TRIANGULIERUNG I: 91: Literatur, Politik . 91 Produktion. 93 Rezeption. 94 Meta-Rezeption. 85 Korruption historisch: »um 1800« BEGRIFFSGESCHICHTLICH 96: Transformationen, Übergänge . .98 Semantisch. 101 Pragmatisch. 111: Ferien mit Oberschnulli 109 Korruption sozial: Fallgeschichten der Moral 113: Soziale Funktionsbestimmung . .114 agôn und alea. 116 Fairneß. 118 Kontrakt. 119: Korruption, Kontrakt, Kontingenz 126: Das Epizentrum . 131 Der Bestechungsvorwurf. 144 Der Wechsel. 147 Rekonstruktion I. 148: Spielen . .148 Die Spiele und die Menschen. 151 Die Spiele und der Text. 153 Rekonstruktion II. 155 Tellheims Spiel. 125 Lessing: Minna von Barnhelm 158: Das Hypozentrum . 160 Spaltung der Sprache. 163 Spaltung der Ehre. 165 Kritik der Moral. 168 Kritik der Kritik. 171: wenn man die Spitzbuben so ungehangen herumlaufen läßt 178: Korrumpieren I . 182 corruptio servi alieni. 123 TRIANGULIERUNG II: 184: Korrumpieren II . 185 Das Wechselfieber. 186 serenissima corrupta. 177 Schiller: Der Geisterseher LITERATURGESCHICHTLICH 189: Distanzieren . 190 Theatralisieren. 191 Erzählen. 193: Usurpieren 201: Die Causa Krug ...........................................................................................202DasAttest. 207: Regelmäßige Unregelmäßigkeiten . .207 Transformierte Leitdifferenzen. 209 Alltägliche Ökonomisierungen. 199 Kleist: Der zerbrochne Krug 213: Ökonomische Implikationen 216: Schlecht alles zwar, doch recht 224: Narratologisch 221 NACHSPIEL 223 Korruption und Repräsentation 227: Strukturell 229: Medial 235 Abbildungen und Tabellen 237 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 233 ANHANG 241 Literaturverzeichnis 283 Dank 18: Korruption in der Literaturgeschichte 11 PRÄLUDIUM 13 Tango Korrupti 32: Ansatz . 33 Triangulierung I. 34 Triangulierung II. 35: Methode . 36 Systemtheorie. 37 Spieltheorie. 38 Begriffsgeschichte. 40 Narratologie, Close Reading. 48: »21« . 48 Alterität. 51 Verkomplizierungen. 56 Erweiterung des Feldes. 58 Auswege. 64 Inventur. 69 Moral. 70 Kontingenz. 47 Korruption semantisch: »21/18« 71: »18« . .73 Naturphilosophisch. 76 Textuell. 77 Moralisch. 80 Politisch-theologisch. 87: Vormoderne, Moderne 45 TRIANGULIERUNG I: 91: Literatur, Politik . 91 Produktion. 93 Rezeption. 94 Meta-Rezeption. 85 Korruption historisch: »um 1800« BEGRIFFSGESCHICHTLICH 96: Transformationen, Übergänge . .98 Semantisch. 101 Pragmatisch. 111: Ferien mit Oberschnulli 109 Korruption sozial: Fallgeschichten der Moral 113: Soziale Funktionsbestimmung . .114 agôn und alea. 116 Fairneß. 118 Kontrakt. 119: Korruption, Kontrakt, Kontingenz 126: Das Epizentrum . 131 Der Bestechungsvorwurf. 144 Der Wechsel. 147 Rekonstruktion I. 148: Spielen . .148 Die Spiele und die Menschen. 151 Die Spiele und der Text. 153 Rekonstruktion II. 155 Tellheims Spiel. 125 Lessing: Minna von Barnhelm 158: Das Hypozentrum . 160 Spaltung der Sprache. 163 Spaltung der Ehre. 165 Kritik der Moral. 168 Kritik der Kritik. 171: wenn man die Spitzbuben so ungehangen herumlaufen läßt 178: Korrumpieren I . 182 corruptio servi alieni. 123 TRIANGULIERUNG II: 184: Korrumpieren II . 185 Das Wechselfieber. 186 serenissima corrupta. 177 Schiller: Der Geisterseher LITERATURGESCHICHTLICH 189: Distanzieren . 190 Theatralisieren. 191 Erzählen. 193: Usurpieren 201: Die Causa Krug ...........................................................................................202DasAttest. 207: Regelmäßige Unregelmäßigkeiten . .207 Transformierte Leitdifferenzen. 209 Alltägliche Ökonomisierungen. 199 Kleist: Der zerbrochne Krug 213: Ökonomische Implikationen 216: Schlecht alles zwar, doch recht 224: Narratologisch 221 NACHSPIEL 223 Korruption und Repräsentation 227: Strukturell 229: Medial 235 Abbildungen und Tabellen 237 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 233 ANHANG 241 Literaturverzeichnis 283 Dank Das scheint nun leicht, und ist es in der That, Denn, wie bekannt, gibt es der Wege viele: Bestechungskunst schleicht einen andern Pfad, Als Kriecherey, und jede kömmt zum Ziele. Goeckingk (1780): Die Schlittenfahrth, 199. Präludium 1 Tango Korrupti Spätestens seit der letzten Jahrtausendwende steht Korruption tagespoli- tisch auällig hoch im Kurs;1 als Auftakt können 1993 die Gründung der Nichtregierungsorganisation (NGO) Trasparency International und 1994 das Inkrafttreten der OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Ocials in International Business Transactions gesehen werden. Die Verein- ten Nationen verabschieden 2003 die politisch wichtige United Nations Con- vention Against Corruption (UNCAC) und die USA machen zusehends Ge- brauch vom bereits 1977 erlassenen Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).2 Großbritannien aktualisiert 2010 die Antikorruptionsgesetzgebung, deren bis dahin aktuellste Bestandteile aus dem Jahr 1916 stammten und die in Teilen sogar seit 1880 unverändert geblieben war.3 In Deutschland ndet 2013 mit dem Prozeß gegen den ehemaligen Bundespräsidenten Christi- an Wul unter dem Banner der Korruptionsbekämpfung ein politisches 1 Cf. auch PROKLA-Redaktion (2003), 187 und Plumpe (2009), 19. 2 Cf. Brzezinski (2010); Stier (2010); Margolies (2010b). 3 Cf. Ministry of Justice (2010); Hirsch (2010); Wilson (2010). 13 14 Präludium Großereignis statt4 und 2014 erhält auch hierzulande das Strafgesetzbuch eine lang überfällige Aktualisierung in Sachen Abgeordnetenbestechung. Bei Klaus Johannis’ Überraschungserfolg in der rumänischen Präsident- schaftswahl 2014 war Korruption nicht nur eines der wahlentscheidenden Themen,5 man demonstriert nach der Wahl auch umgehend, indem »die rumänischen Anti-Korruptionsbehörde DNA [...] wegen des Verdachts auf massive Korruption« Haftbefehl gegen Staatsanwältin Alina Bica bean- tragt, daß in der Tat »das Thema Korruption [...] das politische Geschehen bestimmt« (Hassel, 2014). Bei den griechischen Wahlen im Januar 2015 ist Korruption ebenfalls zentrales Thema (Mason, 2015) und auch in China ist sie »an increasingly hot topic among the public – graft often tops the list of issues of most concern for ordinary Chinese citizens« (Sommerville, 2010). Dies hat seinen guten Grund, wenn man bedenkt, daß allein im Jahr 2010 rund 146 000 Mitglieder der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas wegen Veruntreuung sanktioniert wurden (Fenby, 2012, 7) – ein Umstand, der inzwischen auch in der Staatsführung anerkannt wird, denn die beiden chi- nesischen Staatspräsidenten Hu Jintao und Xi Jinping »have both warned of the corrosive eect of corruption« (Fenby, 2012, 5). Bei Korruption, so scheint es, ist die Welt geeint. Über die Schranken politischer Blöcke hinweg, ungeachtet der ökonomischen Stellung und nationale, historische wie kulturelle Grenzen transzendierend, ist man einmal einer Meinung: »Korruption ist eine Krake, die in alle Bereiche der Gesellschaft wächst« (Balzer & Egizzi, 2010, 43:26) und – in den Worten des ehemaligen Weltbankpräsidenten Jim Yong Kim – daher »public enemy No. 1« (Yukhananov, 2013). Erstaunlich an einem dermaßen von Konsens geprägten Thema ist lediglich, daß meist gar nicht ganz klar ist, was genau eigentlich gemeint wird, wenn von Korruption die Rede ist (cf. Plumpe, 2009, 19). Fällt der Begri, fehlt fast immer eine Explizierung. Impliziert jedoch wird meist eine Konstellation, die ein Szenario evoziert, das mehr oder weniger dem folgenden gleicht: 4 Zu Hintergründen und Konsequenzen der Aäre Wul cf. das Kapitel Ferien mit Oberschnulli (S. 111 dieser Arbeit). 5 Cf. AP (2014); Verseck (2014). 1. Tango Korrupti 15 Es lag ein Herr in einer Sommernacht auf einem Parkplatz auf der Lauer und ein Kuvert, das hat er mitgebracht. Von Ferne sieht man auch zwei Lichter, es knirscht ein dunkelblauer Jaguar. Darinnen kalkweiße Gesichter nur der Chaueur ist aus Nigeria. Man reicht den Umschlag in den Wagen, die Herzen schlagen, der Handel ist perfekt. Durch eine großzügige Spende kriegt man am Ende fast jedes Großprojekt. Plötzlich lacht der Herr Minister, denn er kennt dieses Geknister und er hat auf seinen Lippen eine kleine Melodie: Tango Korrupti. (Fendrich, 1988) Die besungene Transaktion unterscheidet sich strukturell nicht wesent- lich von denjenigen, die in Strophe zwei und drei des Tango Korrupti von Rainhard Fendrich folgen. Es wechseln zwar die gesellschaftlichen
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