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European Patent Specification (19) TZZ Z_T (11) EP 2 445 506 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61K 45/06 (2006.01) A61K 31/7048 (2006.01) 31.12.2014 Bulletin 2015/01 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 10742574.6 PCT/IB2010/001713 (22) Date of filing: 23.06.2010 (87) International publication number: WO 2010/150100 (29.12.2010 Gazette 2010/52) (54) THE USE OF SPINOSYNS AND SPINOSYN COMPOSITIONS AGAINST DISEASES CAUSED BY PROTOZOANS, VIRAL INFECTIONS AND CANCER DIE VERWENDUNG VON SPINOSYN UND SPINOSYN ENTHALTENDEN ZUBEREITUNGEN ZUR BEHANDLUNG VON PROTOZOEN VERURSACHTEN ERKRANKUNGEN, VON VIRALEN INFEKTIONEN UND VON KREBS. UTLISATION DE SPINOSYNES OU DU PREPARATION CONTENANT DE SPINOSYNE POUR COMBATTRE LES INFECTION À PROTOZOAIRES, LES INFECTIONS VIRALS ET LE CANCER. (84) Designated Contracting States: (56) References cited: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB WO-A1-01/12156 WO-A1-2005/112950 GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO WO-A2-2009/118663 PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR • STEBBINS K E ET AL: "Spinosad insecticide: (30) Priority: 24.06.2009 US 220059 P Subchronic and chronic toxicity and lack of carcinogenicity in CD-1 mice" TOXICOLOGICAL (43) Date of publication of application: SCIENCES, vol. 65, no. 2, February 2002 02.05.2012 Bulletin 2012/18 (2002-02), pages 276-287, XP002603459 ISSN: 1096-6080 (73) Proprietors: • DEAMICIS CARL V ET AL: "Physical and • Entarco SA biological properties of the spinosyns: novel 145 64 Kifissia (GR) macrolide pest-control agents from • Kritikou, Christine fermentation" ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES, 145 64 Kifissia (GR) AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY/OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, US, vol. 658, 1 January 1997 (72) Inventors: (1997-01-01), pages 144-154, XP009125573 ISSN: • KRITIKOU, Christine 0097-6156 GR-145 64 Kifissia (GR) • SHIN E -HYUN ET AL: "Insecticide • SALIBA, Kevin, J. susceptibilities of Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Canberra, ACT 2617 (AU) Culicidae) larvae from Paju- shi,Korea." KOREAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, vol. 33, no. 1, (74) Representative: Pohlman, Sandra M. March 2003 (2003-03), pages 33-37, XP009139544 df-mp Dörries Frank-Molnia & Pohlman ISSN: 1011-9493 Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte PartG mbB Theatinerstrasse 16 80333 München (DE) Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 2 445 506 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 445 506 B1 Description [0001] The present invention relates to the use of spinosyns and spinosyn compositions as pharmaceuticals for the prophylaxis (prevention) and treatment of protozoan infections and/or disorders relating to a protozoan infection,such 5 as for example malaria and leishmania, viral infections such as for example Herpes Simplex virus and Influenza virus andneoplastic disorders. Advantageously,compositions ofthe invention inhibit protozoan and virus growthand neoplastic cell viability and proliferation with only minimal or no disruption or harm to the host which may be an animal or human. [0002] Protozoa are singled-celled eukaryotic (i.e., possessing a well-defined nucleus) organisms that can infect hu- mans and animals. They are among the simplest of all living organisms. All protozoa possess at least one nucleus, and 10 many species are multinucleate. Parasitic protozoa feed in a variety of ways. Many live in the nutrient-rich medium of the body fluids-e.g., the blood or cells of their host. Plasmodium, for example, engulfs portions of the red blood cells or liver cells in which they live. [0003] Some clinically important representatives include the genus Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Babesia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Sarcocystis spp., Coccldea spp., Naegleria spp.,Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora 15 cayetanensis, Isospora belli,Trichomonas vaginalis and Trypanosoma spp. [0004] Protozoa cause serious diseases in humans and animals. For example, protozoans belonging to the infraking- dom Excavata and phylums Euglenozoa, Percolozoa, Metamonada,(Cavalier-Smith, "The Neomuranorigin of Archae- bacteria; The Negibacterial Root of the Universal Tree and Bacterial Megaclassification." International Journal of Sys- fematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 52: 7-76, 2002,) may cause trypanosomiasis, primary amoebic meningoencepha- 20 litis (caused by naegleria fowleri protozoan), leishmaniasis, and trichomoniasis. Protozoan belonging to the phylum apicomplexa, Id., may cause malaria, babesiosis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, Isosporiasis, cyclosporiasis, sar- cosporidiosis, coccidiosis. [0005] Trypanosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease (NTD) according to WHO, is the name of several diseases in vertebrates, caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes. Trypanosoma brucei, a parasitic protist species that belongs 25 to the genus Trypanosoma, phylum Euglenozoa, infrakingdom Excavata, causes African trypanosomiasis in humans and nagana in animals in Africa. There are 3 sub-species of T. brucei: T. b. brucei, T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense. These obligate parasites have two hosts - an insect vector and mammalian host. Because of the large difference between these hosts, the trypanosome undergoes complex changes during its life cycle to facilitate its survival in the insect gut and the mammalian bloodstream. Glycolysis is essential to the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. The first step 30 in this metabolic pathway is mediated by hexokinase. More than 66 million women, men, and children in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa suffer from trypanosomiasis. The other human form of trypanosomiasis, called Chagas disease, causes 21,000 deaths per year mainly in Latin America. There is an urgent need for the development of new drug therapies as current treatments can prove fatal to the patient. [0006] Toxoplasmosis is among the most common parasitic diseases of man. Serosurveys suggest prevalence rates 35 as high as 70-90% in many areas of both the developing and developed world. Between 10-45% of Americans become infected at some point in their lives. Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent in toxoplasmosis. In contrast to the mild clinical symptoms of infection seen in a healthy individual with an intact immune system, hosts with weakened, or otherwise compromised, immune systems can have serious clinical effects from toxoplasma infection. [0007] Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease (NTD) according to WHO, is a life-threatening disease caused by 40 Leishmania spp. that is a major health problem in much of the world, including Brazil, China, East Africa, India and areas of the Middle East. The disease is also endemic in the Mediterranean region, including southern France, Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal and North Africa. An estimated 10-15 million people are infected, and 400,000 new cases occur each year. Leishmania organisms are intracellular protozoan parasites of macrophages that cause a wide range of clinical diseases in humans and domestic animals, primarily dogs. In some infections, the parasite may lie dormant for many 45 years. In other cases, the host may develop one of a variety of forms of leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis, also called kala-azar, is produced by several subspecies of L. donovani. This form of the disease is systemic, primarily affecting the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and other viscera. The disease is usually fatal if not treated. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, the most common form, causes a sore at the bite site which heals in a few months to a year, leaving an unpleasant looking scar. This form can progress to any of the other three forms. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis produces wide- 50 spread skin lesions which resemble leprosy and is particularly difficult to treat. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis begins with skin ulcers which spread causing tissue damage, particularly to the nose and mouth. [0008] There are 20 species of Leishmania that infect humans, including L. donovani, L. chagasi, L. infantum, L. major, L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis, L. panamensis, L. mexicana, L. tropica, and L. guyanensis. [0009] The life cycles of members of the genus involve a vertebrate host and a vector (a sand fly) that transmits the 55 parasite between vertebrate hosts. Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies. The sandflies inject the infective stage, metacyclic promastigotes, during blood meals. Metacyclic promastigotes that reach the puncture wound are phagocytized by macrophages and transform into amastigotes. Amastigotes multiply in infected cells and affect different tissues, depending, in part, on whichLeishmania species is involved. These differing tissue 2 EP 2 445 506 B1 specificities cause the differing clinical manifestations of the various forms of leishmaniasis. Sandflies become infected during blood meals on an infected host when they ingest macrophages infected with amastigotes. In the sandfly’s midgut, the parasites differentiate into promastigotes, which multiply, differentiate into metacyclic promastigotes and migrate to the proboscis. 5 [0010] Leishmaniasis is considered to be one of the opportunist diseases of AIDS. Approximately 1500 cases of HIV/Leishmania co-infection are counted in the south of Europe which represents
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