Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 49 (1): 135-1 52 1979

A review of the species of Acrometopa Fieber, 1853

(Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae) with special

reference to the Greek fauna

by

Fer Willemse

Laurastraat 67, Eygelshoven, The Netherlands

Abstract Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW); Instituut voor

Taxonomische Zoologie, Amsterdam( ZMA); Istituto Policat- The characters previously used for the distinction of the tedra di Catania (IBA); British Museum differential Biologia Animale, species of Acrometopa are reviewed and modified of (Natural History), London (BMNH) ; Hope Department diagnoses are given. Neotypes for A. macropoda (Burmeister) Entomology, University Museum, Oxford (HMO); Natuur- and A. servillea (Brullé) and a lectotype for A. syriaca Brun- historisch Maastricht (NMM). island Museum, ner von Wattenwyl are designated. From the Aegean

For the loan of material thanks are due to Dr. A. Kalten- of Ikaría A. cretensis daedali nov. subsp. is described, and a bach, Vienna, Dr. G. Kruseman, Amsterdam, Dr. M. La key to the species and subspecies is given. The geographical Greca, Catania, Mrs. L. Pitkin, London, and Dr. C. O'Toole, variation within A. macropoda is described and discussed. A

Oxford. For valuable information on type-material I am much critical review of previous records in literature, together with indebted Dr. M. Paris, and Dr. M. Dohrn, addition of distributional data from has to Descamps, the new Greece, Halle-Wittenberg, and to the Institut für Pflanzenschutz- brought more logic in the known distributional pattern of the forschung, Hberswalde (DDR). species.

SYSTEMATIC PART INTRODUCTION

Acrometopa Fieber, 1853 rich material Acro- During the examination of a of Acrometopa Fieber, 1853: 172; Brunner von Wattenwyl, metopa from Greece it became apparent that certain 1878: 14, 85; 1882: 189, 246; 1891: 5; Ramme, 1927: 119; characters which had been considered of diagnostic Bei-Bienko, 1954: 56, 121; Harz, 1969: 8, 18. value for the distinction of the species were not Type-species: Phaneroptera macropoda Burmeister, 1838 that reliable. Moreover, evidence was found the geographical variation in Acrometopa macropoda Description. — A general description of the is than understood be found in the references listed above. considerably larger was pre- genus can viously. Some additional information, however, is required.

These conditions induced a renewed evaluation In the fore wing of the male the basal parts of

within of the diagnostic characters of the taxa the the radial and medial areas have a series of sinuate

and review of their differential and about transverse veins with genus a diagnoses. parallel interspaces

the and the The present paper gives results of this study, almost completely transparent lacking

which includes a re-examination of the type- archedictyon which occupies the remainder of the

material of most of the species involved. In wing (figs. 1-2). The bases of the anal, Cu2 and

is hitherto Culb transformed the addition an attempt made to clarify the areas are into stridulatory

of somewhat erratic picture the distribution of the apparatus (figs. 4-5). The Cu2 vein of the left

species. wing has become the stridulatory file (figs. 8-13).

The file is slightly arcuate both horizontally and

MATERIAL AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and vertically, divided into a wider anterior part

The material which this is based consists 188 on paper of $ with less numerous coarse teeth and a narrower and 150 $ specimens in the author's collection (CW). Most fine posterior part with numerous, closely set teeth. of this has been collected in Greece by the author himself The Cu2 the and his in the and vein of often with traces son Lucas years 1966 1969 to 1977, right wing,

between the 1st of July and the 11th of In addition is and in August. of teeth, strongly convex ventrally bears 64 and $ 43 9 specimens were borrowed from the institu- its middle a strongly sclerotized knob (figs. 6-7). tions listed below (the abbreviations used in the following Origin and function are unknown. The text are given in parentheses) : greater 136 F. WILLEMSE - REVIEW OF ACROMETOPA

the sound A. part of the Culb area of right wing is trans- (Fuessly). However, the of macropoda

and the hind and formed into the mirror, part of is by far not as loud as that of T. cantans quite

the The Burr margin of the wing, opposite posteroproximal more frequently interrupted. remarks by

into the Whereas the border of the mirror, scraper. (Burr, Campbell & Uvarov, 1923: 126) are more

and the the and the surfaces of the anal, Cu2 Culb areas of exact. He compared timbre nature of

almost similar and the of A. servillea with that of left wing are horizontal, song Phaneroptera.

in the In the A. servillea louder conditions right wing are different. stridulating relatively and

vertical latter the Cu2 and Culb areas are obliquely stronger.

vein. as a result of the convex course of the Cu2

In the female the fore wing is much shorter Specific characters and classification. — In his

in revision of the Ramme than the male. The radial and medial areas are genus (1927) emphasized

not modified as conspicuously as in the male and the diagnostic value of a number of characters, viz.

the of male the archedictyon covers the whole wing (fig. 3). the shape and apical structure the

The stridulatory apparatus consists of series of cercus, the shape of the male subgenital plate, the

the and of in the small spines on the dorsal surface of veins near length shape the wings both sexes,

the hind margin of the cubito-anal areas of the length and curvation of the ovipositor and the

absence of small right wing. presence or a triangular projecting

colour of the male is lobe at the base of the The general bright green; ovipositor.

the female is darker often with bluish In the course of the it became green, a present study

Brown but wide tinge. specimens may occur are very apparent that, due to a intraspecific variation,

rare. some of these characters are not reliable. The shape of the male subgenital plate cannot be used to

Distribution. — The of the includes A. A. and A. range genus distinguish italica, macropoda ser-

Corse, Sardegna, Sicilia, Italy, the coastal areas of villea from each other. The same applies to the

Yugoslavia and Albania, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, length and shape of the wings, although the

Syria, the Lebanon and Israel, and extends into female of A. cretensis is distinguished by com-

Iraq and Egypt. paratively longer hind wings. Particulars of the

In be the lists of material of the species the Greek ovipositor which were supposed to distinctive

localities are numbered, referring to the distribu- by Ramme (1927: figs. 8a-8e) are actually subject

The the Greek is considerable tion map. transcription of names to infraspecific variation. However,

the the is brought in accordance with the system adopted by projecting lobe at the base of ovipositor

the the male and PermanentCommittee on Geographical Names a reliable feature. The shape of cercus

British its for Official Use, London. the structure of apex have proved to be the

most useful and reliable diagnostic characters in

Stridulation. Since of the male the the morphology genus. stridulatory file is quite different in various species, A further diagnostic feature is provided by the

one might expect differences in the stridulation morphology of the male stridulatory file. This

We have heard the of Acrome- well for the males of A. accordingly. song serves separating macro- topa macropoda, A. servillea, A. syriaca and A. poda, A. italica and A. servillea (figs. 10-11), cretensis but A. and A. cretensis without direct comparison we could from syriaca (figs. 8-9) (figs. not notice any dissimilarity. 12-13), but cannot be used for the distinction of

is the three first mentioned The song of Acrometopa quite characteristic. species.

It lasts about five to ten seconds and ends in a With the aid of the characters mentioned the peculiar, sharp metallic click which is characteristic species of Acrometopa can be separated satis-

It is the for the genus. heard most frequently during factorily, although the distinction between twilight and in the night. females of A. italica, A. macropoda and A. syriaca

of remains doubtful. The habit of Krauss (1878: 502) compared the song Acro- general A. syriaca

A. metopa macropoda with that of Tettigonia cantans is usually more robust, and italica is generally BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 49 (1) - 1979 137/1

Plate I figs. 1-4. Acrometopa: 1, A. macropoda (Burmeister), neotype; 2, A. servillea (Brullé), neotype; 3, A. syriaca

Brunner A. cretensis daedali von Wattenwyl, lectotype; 4, ssp. n., paratype. 138 F. WILLEMSE - REVIEW OF ACROMETOPA

somewhat smaller than A. macropoda. However, with lobes slightly narrowing apically (figs. 32-33); $ hind fore wing extending beyond tip of wing . . 3 robust female specimens of A. macropoda from 3. $ cercus longer, strongly and evenly incurved all over Istra and slender females from northwestern its length (fig. 43) (Kriti and western Kiklädhes, map)

from and cr Greece are indistinguishable A. syriaca A. cretensis etensis Ramme

S cercus shorter, abruptly and almost rectangularly in- A. italica, respectively. curved just beyond middle of length (fig. 44) (Ikaria, On account of the structure of the the cercus, A. daedali map) cr et ensis ssp. n. and file the subgenital plate the stridulatory of 4. $ cercus in apical fourth moderately to rectangularly in- curved (figs. 34-40), wider and distinctly excavate male be tip three groups of species can distinguished, with lamelliform margin terminating into a hollow, beak- viz. shaped process (figs. 45-61); 9 with or without a (1) A. italica, A macropoda and A. servillea, distinctly extending lobe between gonangulum and sub-

genital plate (figs. 15-23) 5 (2) A. syriaca, S cercus in apical fourth slightly incurved (fig. -41), tip A. cretensis cretensis and A. creten sis daedali. (3) and lamelliform narrower slightly excavate with margin

without beak-shaped terminal process but simply dentate The of the first have species group a parallel- (figs. 62-64); 9 always without distinctly extending lobe between and and gonangulum subgenital plate (figs. 24-25) sided subgenital plate a very characteristic (Corse, Sardegna, Sicilia, Italy, Dalmatia?) and stridulatory file, the of the cercus is ex- tip Acrometopa italica Ramme in A. in A. cavate: weakly italica, moderately ma- 5. 3 cercus strongly, almost rectangularly incurved apically

(figs. 38-40), with apex strongly excavate and lamelliform cropoda and strongly in A. servillea. The species in hollow margin terminating a long, beak-shaped, process of the second and third differ groups from those which is as long as or usually longer than the greatest of the first in the which width of of 9 with subgenital plate narrows apex cercus (figs. 56-61); a distinctly

lobe between and extending, roughly triangular gonangulum apically, the solid tip of the cercus. The cercus and subgenital plate, its size not smaller than in figs. is with two minute teeth in the second, provided 20-23 (from Syria, through Anatolia, the central and and in the third simply pointed group. The most northern Aegean islands, into the Greek mainland east

of line the Pindhos in characteristic differences three a running over range and, same between the groups direction further southeastward, map) in the are found structure of the files. stridulatory Acrometopa servillea (Brullé) in their last instar be Juvenile specimens may —$ cereus less incurved (figs. 34-37), apex less excavate with shorter the male beak-shaped process (figs. 45-55); 9 usually identified by particulars of cercus and the without, but in southern Greece with a small extending lobe at the base of the ovipositor, which are already lobe between gonangulum and subgenital plate, its size recognizable. never larger than in figs. 15-19 (from Istra along the

Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia and Albania, lonian islands

and western west of of A. Greece, range servillea, Gar- KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF gano area of Italy, map) ACROMETOPA Acrometopa macropoda (Burmeister) 1. $ stridulatory file either in the anterior half with three,

or near the middle with two sinuate elevations and Acrometopa macropoda (Burmeister, 1838) depressions (figs. 10-13) 2

— $ file in anterior half stridulatory with very coarse, (figs. 1-3, 15-19, 28, 34-37, 45-55, pl. I fig. 1, widely and regularly spaced teeth, without such elevations map) and depressions (figs. 8-9); $ cercus slightly incurved into pair of minute, apically (fig. 42), terminating a Phaneroptera macropoda Burmeister, 1838: 689; Fischer, solid teeth (figs. 65-66); $ subgenital plate with lobes 1854: 237.

distinctly narrowing apically (fig. 31); 9 without dis- Phaneroptera dalmatina Serville, 1839: 415; Fischer, 1854

tinctly extending lobe between gonangulum and subgenital 237.

plate (fig. 26) (Egypt, Israel, the Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Acrometopa macropoda macropoda: Ramme, 1927: 121,

Cyprus, Turkey, eastern Aegean islands, Greece: Thraki figs. 5b-8b, 9.

and A. Brunner Watten Makedhonia, map) . syriaca von wyl Acrometopa macropoda;Uvarov, 1935: 75; La Greca, 1959:

2. $ stridulatory file with two sinuate elevations and depres- 101, fig. 113. sions in the middle servillea; (figs. 10-11); $ cercus with tip Acrometopa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878: 86;

lamelliform excavate, apical margin (figs. 45-46); $ 1882: 290; Werner, 1902: 117; 1927: 428; Ramme, 1927:

subgenital plate with lobes about parallel-sided (figs. 28- fig. 9; Werner, 1937 a: 145; Bei-Bienko, 1954: 123 (all

30); 9 hind wing not extending beyond tip of fore partim); Cejchan, 1963: 766.

wing 4 Acrometopa italica; Kaltenbach, 1967: 189.

— $ stridulatory file with three sinuate elevations and de-

pressions in anterior half — (figs. 12-13); $ cercus with Material studied. $ neotype, labelled: Jugoslavia (Crna

solid and pointed (figs. 10 Willemse apex 43-44); $ subgenital plate Gora) Kotor m 3.VIII.1963, F. (ZMA). BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 49 (1) - 1979 139

Figs.right1-3. Fore wingwingof Acrometopa macropodaof ￿(Burmeister); 3,(Arkadhía,leftTrípolis), dorsalwingview: 1, leftofwing of ￿.￿ ; 2,

Yugoslavia: Istra: 2 km ESE of Valtura, 14.VII.1966, Kónitsa, 1 3 ; (9) Kalpâkion, 2 5; (12) Asfâka, 2 9; (11)

km W of km 7 3, 4 9; 2 Labin, 15.VII.1966, 1 9 ; 4 Méga Peristérion, 1 2 (all CW); (10) Aristi, 700 m, 2.V111.

La Ka- NW of Vizinada, Mirna-Valley, 12.VII.1966, 1 9 (all ZMA) ; 1973, Greca, 1 9 (IBA); (13) Koutselión, 1 3; (14)

Ârta: Ucka, VII.1965, C. v. Demelt, 1 $ ; Kanegra, VII.1966, léntzion, 1 9; (15) Ramia-Livâdhion, 1 3; Préveza:

2 Dalmatia: 1 Aitolîa-Akarnania: C. v. Demelt, 9 (both CW); —, 13,29 (16) Panayia, 9 ; (17) Aktion, 13,29;

(BMNH); Brazza (= Brac), San Pietro — Neresi, 20.VII. (18) Kokkinokhóri, 7 3, 5 9; Evritarua: (19) Proussós,

1912, 1 9 (BMNH); Montenegro: Mucha, 1 $ ; Krstac, 1 3; (20) Timfristós, above the village, 1 3,2 9; Fokis:

40 km NW of Niksic 1000 m, 5.VIII.1968, Willemse c.s., (21) Strómi-Moussounitsa, 1 9 ; Voiotia: (22) Mt. Parnas-

1 $ (both CW). sós, plateau above Arâkhova, 5 3,39 (all CW), 17.V11.

Italy: Is. fremiti, S .Domino, 22.VI.1955, La Greca, 1 $ ; 1975, J. P. Duffels, 1 $ (ZMA), (= Parnass), Krüper,

La Gargano, Sannicandro, 27.V.1957, Greca, 1 5 (both coll. Br. v. W., Acrometopa servillea Brullé det. Br. v. W.,

IBA), 4.VII.1977, F. & L. Willemse, 13,1$ (CW). 13,19 (NMW); Akhaia: (23) Mt. Panakhaïkón, above

Albania: Çajup, 1.VIII.1935, A. G. H. Alston, 1 $ Romanou, 1 9, above Zâstova, 3 3,19 (CW), 1200 m,

(BMNH). 19.V111.1973, La Greca-Messina, 1 3 (IBA); (24) Dhia-

Greece: Kérkira: (la) Lake Antinioti, 2 5,1 $; (lb) koptón, V11.1938, O. Grebenchikoff, 13,19 (BMNH);

Lâvkion, 1 1 above 1 5 ; (lc) Kassiópi, 5 ; (2a) Perithia, 5 5,3 9 ; (25) Mt. Aroânia, Kdto Lousoi, Kalâvrita, 9; (26)

(2b) Petâlia, 1 5,1 9; (2c) Yimârion, 5 5; (3) Gazàtika, Aroam'a village, 3 $,2 9; (27) Kaléntzi, 1 3, 5 9; (28)

6 1 2 2 5,2 9; (4a) Kastellânoi, 5 (all CW); (4b) Benitzai Skiadhâ, $ ; (29) Potamia, 9 ; Ilia: (30) Marmara, 1 3, (= Benitzes), 24.V11.1965, A. Kaltenbach, A. italica Ramme 2 9; (31) Lâlas, 2 9; (32) Lekhainâ, 1 3; (33) Kallithéa,

1 det. A. Kaltenbach, 1 9 (NMW); (5) Lake Korission, 9 ; 4 3,6 9; (34) Figalia, ruins Vassae, 7 3,3 9; Arkadhia:

Levkâs: (6) Nikiâna, N of Nidrion, 3 5,5 9; (7) Âno (35) Vläkhoi, 1 9; (36) Ipsoiis, 3 3, 1 9; (37) Karitaina-

E-12 Exânthia, 5 5,9 9 ; loânnina: (8) river Sarandâporos, N of Róvia, 4 3,4 9 ; (38) Khrisovitsi, 5 km km W, 4 3, 140 F. WILLEMSE - REVIEW OF ACROMETOPA

4-7. Male of dorsal view of base left and (5) fore Cu2 Figs. stridulatory organ Acrometopa: 4-5, (4) right wing; 6-7, — vein of right fore wing in ventral view (6) and profile (7). (1A = first anal; Cu = cubitus; M = médius; R = radius;

Sc = subcosta).

5 9; (39) Kardharâ, 2 3,1 9; (40) Tripolis, 3 km E & 1 2; (45) Tópitza, above Anóyia, 5 $, 11 9 (all CW);

5 km W, 27 3, 10 9 (all CW), 3-8 km NW, 800 m, (46) Monemvasia, 25.V. 1937, F. Werner, Acrometopa ser-

E 13.V11.1975, J. P. Duffels, 1 $, 1 9 (ZMA); Messinia: villea Brullé det. Werner, 2 $ (NMW); : (47)

(41) Kâmbos, 3 ê, 9 9 (CW), V1.1901, Höltz, 1 $ of Akhladhókambos, 2 3,29 (CW); Kithira: (48) ( =

(NMM); (42) Exokhóri (= Xechori), 5.V1.1937, F. Wer- Kythira ■= Cerigo), Acrometopa servillea Brullé det Br. v.

servillea Brullé 1 1 9 1 F. servillea ner, Acrometopa det. Werner, $, W., 3,1 9, 27.V.1937, Werner, Acrometopa

(NMW); (43) Kalàmai-Spârti, 2 3; Lakonia: (44) Mistras, Brullé det. Werner, 1 $ (NMW). BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 49 (l) - 1979 141

of ventral view and 8-9, A. Figs. 8-13. Male stridulatory file Acrometopa, (even numbers) profile (odd numbers): syriaca

A. servillea A. cretensis daedali ssp. n. Brunner von Wattenwyl (Piéria, Litókhoron); 10-11, (Brullé) (ibidem); 12-13,

(paratype) .

file the middle the lobe between the and the sub- Diagnosis. — <5: Stridulatory in gonangulum with two sinuateelevations alternating with depres- genital plate of the female is invariably vestigial sions (figs. 10-11). Cercus in apical fourth mod- (figs. 15-17). la- The material from the erately incurved (figs. 34-37); apex excavate, Pelopónnisos, however,

in clinal variation. In the melliform margin terminating a beak-shaped presents a considerable

of moderate Lobes male the of the cercus is process length (figs. 45-55). beak-shaped tip apparently and of subgenital plate parallel-sided (fig. 28). longer more slender, the minute teeth of the

fore situated Ç: Hind wing not extending beyond tip of lamelliform margin are more ventrally, wing. Lobe between gonangulum and subgenital and the apical incurvation of the cercus is slightly

variation is shown in plate vestigial to moderately developed (figs. stronger. This figs. 35-37

15-19). and 51-55 which were made from material col-

lected at localities ranging from the northwest to

of its this the southeast of the Variation. — Throughout most range Pelopónnisos.

variation. The male the females from these localities differ species shows little apex of the Similarly

in but the from the of macro- cercus varies width (figs. 48, 50) typical specimens Acrometopa general shape of the beak-shaped tip of the lamelli- poda in having a moderately developed lobe form margin is fairly constant (figs. 45-50). Also between the gonangulum and the subgenital plate 142 F. WILLEMSE - REVIEW OF ACROMETOPA

size the does (figs. 18-19), although the of lobe description of Acrometopa servillea on four spec-

in from 1 from not attain that seen Acrometopa servillea. imens, 2 c 5 and 1 ? Kithira and $

Kérkira. The Kithira material had been identified

of as servillea Brunner — the Watten- Distribution. The range species covers Acrometopa by von

and Bei- Istra, the Adriatic coastal areas of Yugoslavia and wyl, apparently on account of similarity

of the Ionian considered Kérkira Albania, the Gargano area Italy, Bienko the male conspecific

and Greece and the with the Kithira material. His this islands the western part of comments upon

far line indicated material and with the Pelopónnisos eastward as as a are correct, agree completely the of the Pindhos and material from both localities hand by highest regions range at (figs. 48-49,

southeastward in about the farther same direction, 55). Presumably for similar reasons Cejchan

reaching the island of Kithira (distribution map). (1963) assigned his Albanian material to Acro-

metopa servillea.

of the illustrations of Remarks. — With the aid

and the cercus both typical atypical males of Acrometopa servillea (Brullé, 1832) Acrometopa macropoda are easily distinguished. I to (figs. 10-11, 20-23, 29, 38-40, 56-61, pl. fig. 2, The same applies atypical females. However, map) the female in its typical form cannot be properly

from females of italica distinguished Acrometopa Phaneroptera servillea Brullé, 1832: 86, pl. 30 fig. 1.

Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878: 86; or Acrometopa syriaca. Acrometopa servillea; 1882: 290, fig. 65 (both partim); Werner, 1902: 117 (par- The type-material of Phaneroptera macropoda tim); Burr, 1916: 193 (as A. macropoda); Berland & Cho- could not be traced, neither in the Institut für pard, 1922: 167; Burr, Campbell & Uvarov, 1923: 126, 150; Pflanzenschutzforschung (formerly Deutsches En- Ramme, 1927: 122, figs. 5c-8c, 9, pi. 5 fig. 5a; Werner, 1933a: 400; 1934: 323; 1937a: 145 (partim); 1937b: 106, tomologisches Institut), Eberswalde (in litt. 15. III. figs. 5-6, 1938: 166; Kaltenbach, 1965: 471. in the Burmeister 1977), nor collection, preserved Acrometopa cretensis; Werner, 1937b: 108 (partim) in the Zoological Department of the Martin-

Material studied. — Neotype $ labelled: Hellas (Pelop.: Luther-Universität, Dohm, Halle-Wittenberg (M. Sofikon km Korinthia) (3 N) 300 m 6.VII.1974F. Willemse in litt. 14.X. The be consid- 1977). specimen may c.s. (ZMA).

Greece: Korinthia: Âno 1 ered lost, and designation of a neotype (pl. I fig. 1 ) (1) Mt. Killini, Trikkala, 3, 2 $ (CW); 1150 m, 17.VIII.1973, La Greca, 1 (IBA); is $ was The type-locality, Dalmatia, re- necessary. km 1 km (2) Lâvka, 3 E, $ ; (3) Sofikón, 3 N, 1 3,1 $ ;

stricted here to Kotor = town which ( Cattaro), a Argolis: (4) Skotini, Mt. Oliyirtos, 1 3, 1 9 ; (5) Ligourión,

km 1 was part of Dalmatia at the time of Burmeister. 4 W, $ ; (6) Äyios Eléni, SE of Epidhavros, 1 3 (all CW); Attiki: (7) Aiyina (= Aegina), 13.V.1937, The measurements of the c3 neotype are (lengths Acrometopa servillea Brullé det. Werner, 1 $ ; (8) Athinai in fore 24.0; 5.8; wing (= coll. mm): body pronotum ), Heldreich, Br. v. W., Acrometopa servillea

36.0; hind wing 40.0; hind femur 30.2. Brullé det. Br. v. W., 1 3,1 9 (all NMW); (9) Mt. Pârnis, 1 3; Fthiótis: (10) Melidhóni, W of Arkitsa, 1 9; Since Fischer (1854) Phaneroptera dalmatina (11) Oiti village, 2 3,7 9 (all CW); Trikkala: (12) Serville, 1839, has been considered a of synonym Tirna, 1300 m, 4.VIII.1973, La Greca, 13,29 (IBA);

This is (13) Khrisomiléa, 1 3 2 9"; Mourikâni, 2 9; Acrometopa macropoda. synonymy ques- (14) (15) Trigón, 1 3, 1 9 (all CW); (16) Kalambâka, 5.VIII.1973, tionable, however, because both Acrometopa ma- La Greca, 1 9 (IBA); Ioânnina: (17) Ärmata, 1 3, 1 9; and italica have been recorded cropoda Acrometopa 1 Magnisia: (18) Glafirâ, 3; (19) Khoreftón, 1 9; Lârisa: from Dalmatia, the type-locality of Serville's (20) Dhîmitra-Anatoli, 1 3,1$; (21) Elassón, 4 km W, 1 3,1 9 ; Grevenâ: (22a) Dheskati, 5-10 km E, 1 $ ; (22b) species. Unfortunately, the matter cannot be settled Paraskevi, 1 3, 4 9; Kozâni: (23) Sérvia, 2 3; (24) because the Serville's is type-material presumably Velvendós, 1 3; Piéria: (25) Litókhoron, 9 3,1 9; Kilkis:

(26) 1 lost (M. Descamps, in litt. 7.II.1977). Plataniâ, $ ; (27) Évzonoi, 7 3, 2 9 (ail CW); : (28) Lembet, 6 km N of Thessaloniki, VI. records 1916, Previous of Acrometopa macropoda as M. Burr, 1 3 (BMNH) ; Khalkidhiki: (29) Yerakini, 1 9

understood here were under various names: given (CW); Drama: (30) Drâma, 3.VI.1964, 1 $; Kavâlla:

Acrometopa macropoda, Acrometopa servillea and (31a) Kavâlla, 21, (31b) Bâtis, 30.VI.1963, 1 3,

1 9; Thâsos: (32a) Liménos, 15.VI.1962, 1 9 (all Acrometopa italica. A particular case to be men- Kaltenbach, Acrometopa servillea Brullé det. A. Kaltenbach, tioned is Beî-Bienko who based his (1954), & NMW); (32b) Prinos, 21.VII.1963, S. Daan V. van Laar, bijdraGen tot de dierkunde, 49 (1) - 1979 143

Figs. 14-27. Upper margin of lower ovipositor valve in Acrometopa : 14, left side of abdominal terminalia of Acrometopa servillea (Brullé) (Magnisía, Khoreftón), lobe between gonangulum (Gon) and subgenital plate (Sgp), as indicated, refers

to figs. 15-27: 15-19, A. macropoda (Burmeister) (15, Istra, Učka; 16, Ioánnina, Kalpákion; 17, Akhaía, Kalávrita; 18,

Voíotia, Mt. Parnassós, CW; 19, Arkadhía, Tripolis); 20-23, A. servillea (Brullé) (20, Korinthía, Mt. Killíni; 21, Argolís,

Skotiní; 22, Fthíotis, Oíti; Tríkkala, Trígon); 24-25, A. italica Ramme (24, Sicilia, paratype; 25, Italy, Sperlonga); 26,

A. A. cretensis cretensis syriaca Brunner von Wattenwyl (Piéria, Litókhoron); 27, Ramme (Kríti, Linoséli).

2 $ (ZMA); Lésvos: (33) Äyios Evstrâtios (= Agiostrati), Kiklâdhes: (35) Kéa, 2.VI.1936, F. Werner, Acrometopa

5.VII. 1936, F. Werner, Acrometopa servillea Brullé det. cretensis Ramme det. Werner, 2 $ (NMW).

Werner, 1 $,2 2; Khios: (34) Khios (= Chios) ,30.VI. Anatolia: Izmir ( = Smyrna) Br. v. W., 5943, Acrometopa

1936, F. Werner, Acrometopa servillea Brullé det. Werner, syriaca Br. det. Br. v. W., 1 9 (cotype of Acrometopa

2 3,12 (both NMW), 11.VI. 1934, 1 2 (BMNH) ; syriaca Brunner von Wattenwyl, NMW). 144 F. WILLEMSE - REVIEW OF ACROMETOPA

ventral view: A. Figs. 28-33. Male subgenital plate in Acrometopa, 28, macropoda (Burmeister) (Crna Gora, Krstač);

29, A. servillea (Brullé) (Piéria, Litókhoron); 30, A. italica Ramme (Sicilia, paratype); 31, A. syriaca Brunner von Wat-

(Kriti, Mállia) A. cretensis daedali n. tenwyl (Piéria, Litókhoron); 32, A. cretensis cretensis Ramme ; 33, ssp. (paratype).

56-61). Lobes of subgenital plate parallel-sided

Diagnosis. — $ : Stridulatory file as in the type- (% 29). of the Cercus in- of fore species genus. apically strongly ?: Hind wing not extending beyond tip

and curved (figs. 38-40); apex strongly excavate, la- wing. Between subgenital plate gonangulum a

into melliform margin terminating a beak-shaped well developed, roughly triangular projecting lobe

which is as as than from of lower valve of ovi- process, long or, usually, longer arising upper margin

the width of the of the greatest apex cercus (figs. positor (figs. 20-23). BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 49 (l) - 1979 145

Variation. — The amount of variation within this Acrometopa italica Ramme, 1927

species is slight, but the differences found in the (figs. 24-25, 30, 41, 62-64) specimens from Mt. Killini deserve to be men- Acrometopa macropoda italica Ramme, 1927: 121, figs. tioned. In that material the beak-shaped tip of 5a-8a, 9.

the male cercus is shorter slightly (figs. 38, 56) Acrometopa italica; Uvarov, 1935: 75; La Greca, 1959:

and the lobe between the gonangulum and the 102, fig. 113.

subgenital plate of the female is apparently Material studied. — Paratypes labelled: Sicilia, Messina am

smaller than usual Colle S. 1 (fig. 20). Rizzo, 2-400 m, 27.VII.1924, Ramme-Richter, S,

1 9 (NMM), 1 9 (BMNH).

Sicilia: Porteiii Mandrazzi (Peloritani), 1000 m, 23.VII.

1961, La Greca, 1 3 (ZMA); Vizzini (Catania), 28.VI.

Distribution. — The of the covers range species 1969, Nobile, 1 9 (ZMA); Randazzo, 800 m (Etna),

Marcellino Turkey, the central and northern Aegean islands, 3.VII.1969, & Ronsisvalle, 13,19 (IBA). Italy: Sperlonga (Terracina, Latina), 29.VI.1959, La northern and main- the eastern parts of the Greek Greca, 1 $, 1 9 (IBA), 1 j, 1 ? (CW); Puglia, Ruvo- westward far the land, reaching as as eastern & L. Gravina, 300 m, 5.VII.1977, F. Willemse, 3 3,39

Burr Pindhos and south- (CW); 21.VIII. 1917, ex Male. coll., slopes of the range extending Liguria, Pegli, 13,19 (BMNH), 23,19 (HMO). ward from Mt. Oiti into the extreme eastern part Corse: Asco, 620 m, 24.VII.1953, H. Wiering, 1 3 of the and Pelopónnisos some neighbouring (ZMA).

islands far south Kéa Dalmatia: Dalmatie Brunner de Wat., ex coll. M. Burr, as as the island of (distribu- 1 3, 1 9 (HMO). tion map).

Diagnosis. — 6 : Stridulatory file as in type-

of the Cercus incurved in species genus. slightly

Remarks. — Both the male and the female of this and apical fourth (fig. 41); apex narrow slightly well is species are characterized. Confusion pos- excavate, lamelliform margin without a beak- sible only with atypical forms of Acrometopa terminal but dentate shaped process simply (figs. in which macropoda, case reference should be 62-64). Lobes of subgenital plate parallel-sided made to the illustrations given. (fig. 30). The type of Phaneroptera servillea Brullé could Ç: Hind wing not extending beyond tip of fore not be traced (M. Descamps, in litt. 23.VIII. wing. Lobe between gonangulum and subgenital 1976) and is presumably lost. The original pub- plate vestigial (figs. 24-25). lication refers to a male from the Pelopónnisos

without precise locality. However, far the by Variation. -— Not noticeable.

largest part of that peninsula is occupied by Acro-

For these reasons a is metopa macropoda. neotype Distribution. — The of the range species covers from a male Sofikón in the eastern continental designated, Corse, Sardegna, Sicilia, Italy ex-

Pelopónnisos (pl. I fig. 2). Its measurements cluding the extreme northern part and the high

in are follows: (length mm) as body 26.5; pro- mountains, and ? Dalmatia.

notum 5.8; fore wing 35.0; hind wing 40.0; hind

femur 32.1. Remarks. — As was pointed out above in the

records under the Acro- In literature name of discussion of the specific characters within the

servillea from Greece Some the difference between A. italica metopa are numerous. genus, and A.

the of these are referred now to Acrometopa syriaca, macropoda appears to concern male cercus

the record from Kriti to the nominate subspecies only.

of Acrometopa cretensis, and several others to Uvarov (1935) wrote that the distributional

material the of A. and A. italica Acrometopa macropoda. The from areas macropoda overlap in

island of Kéa recorded Werner Dalmatia. His material has (Kiklâdhes) by Dalmatian been re-

(1937b) under Acrometopa cretensis has been examined and his identifications have proved to re-examined. It belongs partly to that species and be correct. The record of A. italica from Dal-

partly to Acrometopa servillea. matia, however, has not been confirmed since.

IO 146 F. WILLEMSE - REVIEW OF ACROMETOPA

Left male Figs. 34-44. cercus in Acrometopa, dorsal view: 34-37, A. macropoda (Burmeister) (34, Istra, Valtura; 35,

Voíotia, Mt. Parnassós, CW; 36, Argolis, Akhladhókambos; 37, Kíthira, Werner); 38-40, A. servillea (Brullé) (38,

Korinthía, Mt. Killíni; 39, Fthíotis, Oíti; 40, Thásos, Prínos); 41, A. italica Ramme (Italy, Sperlonga); 42, A. syriaca

Brunner von Wattenwyl (Piéria, Litókhoron); 43, A. cretensis cretensis Ramme (Kríti, Mállia); 44, A. cretensis daedali ssp. n. (paratype). BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 49 (1) - 1979 147

with Acrometopa syriaca Brunner von Wattenwyl, lobes distinctly narrowing apically (fig. 31)-

1878 Apical parts of antennae annulated.

$: Hind wing not extending beyond tip of fore (figs. 6-9, 26, 31, 42, 65-66, pl. I fig. 3, map) wing. Lobe between gonangulum and subgenital 1878: Acrometopa syriaca Brunner von Wattenwyl, 87; plate vestigial (fig. 26). Colouration as in male. Werner, 1901: 289; Ramme, 1927: 122, figs. 5d-8d, 9;

Werner, 1933b: 189 (?); 1936: 10; Ramme, 1939: 51;

Beî-Bienko, 1954: 124; Kaltenbach, 1967: 191; Willemse, Variation. — Not noticeable.

1977: 52.

Acrometopa syriaca (?); Werner, 1933a: 400 (partim?).

Distribution. — The of the extends range species Acrometopa festae Giglio-Tos, 1893: 13, pl. fig. 3; Ram- 1933b: from Israel, Lebanon and me, 1927: 122; Werner, 189. Egypt, through Syria

elsae Acrometopa Werner, 1937b: 107, fig. 7; Ramme, into Iraq and Anatolia, reaching westward to 1939: 51. Cyprus, the islands of the eastern part of the Acrometopa macropoda; Werner, 1933b: 189. Sea and the Greek of Thraki and Acrometopa macropoda macropoda:; Salfi, 1929: 213; Aegean part Jannone, 1936: 145, fig. 23; Salfi, 1937: 4. Makedhonia (distribution map). & 127 Acrometopa sp.; Burr, Campbell Uvarov, 1923: (?).

Remarks. -— The is well characterized Material studied. — Type-series of Acrometopa syriaca, species by

labelled: Coll. Br. v. W. ex coll. Lederer Beirut, 8158, det. the structure of the stridulatory file and the ab- Coll. Br. v. W. Acrometopa syriaca Br., 1 $ (lectotype); dominal terminalia of the male. The female, Br. det. Br. Br. v. W. Aidin, 5906, Acrometopa syriaca v. however, be confused with females of A. v. 5943, det. may W., 1 $ (paralectotype) ; Smyrna Br. W.,

1 9 A. italica. The colouration of the Br. v. W. Acrometopa syriaca Br., (paralectotype) macropoda and

(all NMW). antennae be but in material may helpful, preserved Vathi ( = Type-series of Acrometopa el sae: (6) Sâmos, these parts are usually broken off. Vathy), 2.V1. 1936, F. Werner, Acrometopa elsae Wem.

Type $ det. Werner, Acrometopa syriaca Br. det. Ramme, The lectotype of Acrometopa syriaca from

I $ (holotype); (7) Sâmos, Marathókambos (= Maratho- Beirut (Pl. I fig. 3) has the following measure- kampos), 24.V1.1936, F. Werner, Acrometopa elsae Wem. ments in Br. det. (length mm): body 21.0; pronotum 5.7; cotype 9 det. Werner, Acrometopa syriaca Ramme,

1 9 (paratype) (both NMW). fore wing 35.0 mm; hind wing 40.0; hind femur

Greece: Piéria: Litókhoron, Hotel Lito, 19 $, 1 9 (1) This male is with the 34.5. conspecific femalepara- (CW); (2) Kolindrós, 10 km W, 24-26.VII.1965, Blom- from Aidin. The other female of the Évros: 2 lectotype mers e.a., 1 $ (ZMA); (3) Tukherón, 9 (CW); Izmir (4) Samóthraki, Therme S.L., 15.VIII.1962, Guichard & original type-series, from (= Smyrna), 1 9 (BMNH); Lésvos: (5) Mitilini (= Mytilene) Harvey, belongs to Acrometopa servillea. det. v. W., 1 $, Br. v. W., Acrometopa syriaca Br. Br. Ramme (1927) and Werner (1933b) con- 1 9 (NMW); Sâmos: (6) Koütsi & Khóra & Kouma- sidered radhaioi, 25-27.VI.1977, M. C. & G. Kruseman, 2 J, 5 9 Acrometopa festae Giglio-Tos, 1893, Dhodhekânisos: Antimâkhia Anti- (ZMA); (8) Kós, (= with synonymous Acrometopa syriaca, and their machia), 7.VI.1935, O. Wettstein, Acrometopa syriaca Br. opinion is followed here. The type material of det. Werner, 1 juv. 3; (9) Ródhos, Rodhini (= Rhodos,

Rodini), 23 & 24.VI.1966, Kaltenbach, Acrometopa syriaca Acrometopa festae could not be traced.

Kaltenbach, 1 1 9; (10) Kârpathos, Br. v. W. det. S, The of elsae synonymy Acrometopa Werner, Volâdha, 15-18.VI.1935, O. Wettstein, Acrometopa syriaca with which 1937, Acrometopa syriaca, was estab- det. Werner, 1 $ (all NMW).

10. lished Ramme could be confirmed Cyprus: Ballapais, 6 km SE of Kyrenia, 200-240 m, by (1939) by

VI. E of both M. & 1971, 1 9; Kyrenia, 11.VI.1971, J. the actual examination of the type-specimens. J. P. Duffels, 2 3,19 (all ZMA). Most of the previous records of Israel: Tiberias, 18-27.V.1967, C. A. W. Jeekel, 6 5,19 Acrometopa (ZMA). syriaca in literature seem reliable, but some are

in need of confirmation, viz. Limnos ( = Lemnos)

and Khios Diagnosis. — <3: Stridulatory file without eleva- (Werner, 1933a) (= Chios) (Werner tions and alternating depressions (figs. 8-9). Size 1933b).

than in Literature records of of stridulatory organ larger type-species. Acrometopa macropoda

incurved from the eastern islands refer to female Cercus slightly apically (fig. 42); apex Aegean

but with of minute for one record from narrow, not excavate a pair specimens only, except of and solid teeth (figs. 65-66). Subgenital plate Ródhos (Salfi, 1937). Since females Aero- 148 F. WILLEMSE - REVIEW OF ACROMETOPA

of 46, Crna Figs. 45-55. Apex male cercus in Acrometopa macropoda (Burmeister), posterior view (45, Istra, Valtura;

Gora, neotype; 47, Ioánnina, Sarandáporos; 48, Kérkira, Patália; 49, Kérkira, Gazátika; 50, Árta, Ramía — Livádhion;

51, Voíotia, Mt. Parnassós, CW; 52, Arkadhía, Trípolis; 53, Argolís, Akhladhókambos; 54, Lakonía, Monemvasía; 55,

Kithira, Werner).

metopa macropoda and Acrometopa syriaca are tion, that from Ikaria differs clearly in the shape

indistinguishable, and the eastern Aegean islands of the male cercus, and is described below as a new

far are lying outside the range of Acrometopa subspecies.

macropoda, these records are assigned now to

Acrometopa syriaca. The record from Ródhos Acrometopa cretensis cretensis Ramme, 1927 refers to a single male specimen which was (figs. 27, 32, 43, map) probably misidentified. Acrometopa macropoda; Kuthy, 1907: 553.

Acrometopa servillea; Werner, 1927: 428 (partim).

Acrometopa cretensis Ramme, 1927: 122, figs. 5e-8e, 9, Acrometopa cretensis Ramme, 1927 pi. 5 figs. 5b-c; Werner, 1934: 322; 1937b: 108 (partim);

This species, which occurs in Kriti, the western Willemse & Kruseman, 1976: 125.

Kikladhes and Ikaria, is well characterized the by Material studied. — Kriti: Irâklion: (1) Stalls, 5 km NE shape of the male stridulatory file (figs. 12-13). Mâllia, 4-20.YI. 1970, Manoil, 1 $ (NMW); (2) Mâllia, 9.VI.1972, 1 5 (3) Phaistós, 18.VI.1972, 1 Ç (both M. C. Whereas the material from Kriti and the Kiklad- ; & G. Kruseman, ZMA); Khania: (4) Lévka Mts., Linoséli hes with the agrees completely original descrip- above Xilóskalo, 1300 m, 1 $ (CW). BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 49 (1) - 1979 149

Figs. 56-66. Apex of male cercus in Acrometopa, posterior view: 56-61, A. servillea (Brullé) (56, Korinthía, Mt. Killíni;

57, Korinthía, Lávka; 58, Korinthía, Sofikón, neotype; 59, Kilkís, Évzonoi; 60, Thásos, Prínos; 61, Khíos, Werner);

62-64, A. italica Ramme (62, Sicilia, paratype; 63, Italy, Sperlonga; 64, Corse); 65-66, A. syriaca Brunner von Wattenwyl

(65, Piéria, Litókhoron; 66, Israel, Tiberias).

Kiklâdhes: (5) Kéa, 7.VI.1936, F. Werner, Acrometopa wing. Lobe between gonangulum and subgenital cretensis Rme det. Werner, 15,1$ (NMW); (6) Kimo- plate vestigial (fig. 27). los, 3.VI.1934, Werner, 13,19 (NMW), 1 $ (BMNH) ;

(7) Polivos, 6.VI.1934, Acrometopa cretensis Rme det.

Werner, 1 S (NMW). Variation. — The smaller measurements of the

im- Kriti material are not considered of specific

Diagnosis. — cî : Stridulatory file with three portance since the measurements of the Kiklâdhes sinuate elevations alternating with depressions specimens are approaching those of the other

Cercus and of the (figs. 12-13). slender, strongly evenly species genus. incurved all its with over length, apex pointed

Distribution. — far known a fine longitudinal crest (fig. 43). Subgenital As as the range of the plate with the lobes distinctly narrowing apically nominate subspecies of Acrometopa cretensis in-

(fig. 32). cludes only Kriti and the western Kiklâdhes

$: Hind wing extending beyond tip of fore (distribution map). 150 F. WILLEMSE - REVIEW OF ACROMETOPA

of this well A. servi Remarks. — Both sexes species are llea, (2) A. syriaca, and (3) A. cretensis

defined. cretensis and A. cre ten sis daedali, is supported by

Previous records of this for the islands the distributional of these Since species pattern groups.

of and Sifnos the A. A. los, Kithnos, Andipâros (Werner, geographical areas of servillea, syriaca

the distribution and A. show the 1934) are not indicated on map, c. cretensis a partial overlap

since either observations conclusion is that they were based on or on these species groups must be

juvenile specimens. regarded as reproductively isolated taxa.

Other previous records (Ramme, 1927), On the other hand, A. italica, A. macropoda

indicated the and numbered and A. have however, are on map servillea apparently an allopatric

Kriti: as follows: (8) Piskokéfalo; (9) Khamaizi; distribution (the record of A. italica from Dal-

(10) Amâri; (11) Rodhopou. matia is considered doubtful). I have considered

the possibility that A. italica, macropoda, and Acrometopa cretensis daedali subsp. nov. servillea are geographical races (subspecies) of

12-13, 33, 44, PI. I 4, another. In (figs. fig. map) one my opinion, this is a boundary

studied. 14-21.V1. but since the Material Hellas, Ikaria, Therma, 1977, case, morphological characters are

M. C. & G. Kruseman, $ holotype, 9 allotype, 15 S sufficiently pronounced, I have retained for the paratypes, 5 9 paratypes; Ikaria, Âyios Kirikos, 20.V1.1977, moment a status as full Their S. Daan species. geographical M. C. & G. Kruseman, 1 $ paratype; 17.V1.1963, & succession from West V. van Laar, i $ paratypes (all ZMA). the to the East coincides

with the structural changes in their characters.

Diagnosis. — $: Pl. I fig. 4. Differs from the Although the distinction between the three taxa

nominate as follows. Cercus shorter, subspecies is vicariant rather easy, they seem to represent basal half more strongly tapering and, just beyond and their isolation populations, reproductive may the middle of length abruptly and almost rectan- not have been This be the completed yet. may gularly incurved, slightly widening apically, tip reason of the morphological variation which pointed (fig. 44). Lobes of subgenital plate less occurs in a narrow zone where the areas of A. narrowing (fig. 33). apically in macropoda and A. servillea are contact with Ç: Similar to nominate subspecies. each other. This zone reaches from Mt. Parnassós Measurements (length in mm): body <5 24-27, to the opposite part of the Pelopónnisos, through 9 28-29; pronotum <3 5.5-5.9, 9 5.8-6.1; fore Arkadhia, southwestern Argolis, Lakonia and wing <3 27-30, ? 27-29; hind wing 6 32-34, the island onto of Kithira (localities of A. macro- ? 29-31; hind femur <3 29-32, $ 31-32. poda numbered 22, 24-25, 29, 39-40, 46-48, of

A. servillea numbered No variation in Variation. — Not noticeable. 1). occurs

the Pindhós A. range, however, although servillea

Distribution. — Known only from the Aegean occurs on the eastern slopes and A. macropoda island of Ikaria (distribution map). the western. the on Possibly Pindhós range con-

stitutes due the fact Remarks. — The male is well-defined by the a nearly complete barrier, to

the that the of survive shape of cercus. The female, however, cannot species Acrometopa cannot at altitudes above be distinguished from that of the nominate form. 1500 m.

Although the distinction between the two sub-

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significato biogeografico. Memorie Biogeogr. adriat., 4: , 1938. Ergebnisse der achten zoologischen Forschungs-

33-170. reise nach Griechenland (Euboea, Tinos, Skiathos,

Sber. Akad. RAGGE, D., 1955. The wing-venati;;n of the Orthoptera Sal- Thasos usw.). Wiss. Wien, (1) 147: 157-

tatoria with notes on dictyopteran wing-venation: i-vi, 173, figs.

1-159, figs. (British Museum (Natural History), WILLEMSE, F., 1977. Interesting distribution records of

London). Orthoptera from the Greek mainland and some neigh-

RAMME, W., 1927. Die Dermapteren und Orthopteren Sizi- bouring islands. Ent. Ber., Amst., 37: 52-59.

liens und Kreta. Eos, Madr., 3: 111-200, figs. WILLEMSE, F. & G. KRUSEMAN, 1976. Orthopteroidea of

1939. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der palaearktischen Or- . Tijdschr. Ent., 119: 123-164, figs. ,

Fauna (Tettig. Acrid.), Mitt. zool. Mus. thopteren u. 3. Berl., 24: 41-150, figs.

Received: 23 February 1977